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{{POV|date=February 2024}}
{{Short description|Daughter of Alexander Pushkin}}
{{Short description|Daughter of Alexander Pushkin, Countess of Merenberg}}
{{Infobox nobility|name=Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina|title=[[Count of Merenberg|Countess of Merenberg]]|image=File:N.A. Pushkina by Ivan Makarov (1849, National Pushkin museum).jpg|CoA=|tenure=|predecessor=|successor=|birth_date=4 June 1836|birth_place=[[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire]]|death_date=23 March 1913|death_place=[[Cannes]], [[France]]|spouse=Mikhail Leontievich Dubelt<br>[[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau]]|issue=Natalya Mikhailovna Dubelt<br>Leonty Mikhailovich Dubelt<br>Anna Mikhailovna Dubelt<br>[[Countess Sophie of Merenberg]]<br>Alexandra Nikolaevna von Merenberg<br>Georg-Nikolai von Merenberg|father=[[Alexander Pushkin]]|mother=[[Natalia Pushkina|Natalia Goncharova]]}}
{{Infobox nobility
|name=Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina
|title=[[Count of Merenberg|Countess of Merenberg]]
|image=N.A. Pushkina by Ivan Makarov (1849, National Pushkin museum).jpg
|tenure=
|predecessor=
|successor=
|birth_date={{birth date|1836|6|4|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1913|3|23|1836|6|4|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Cannes]], [[France]]
|spouse=Mikhail Leontievich Dubelt<br>[[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau]]
|issue=Natalya Mikhailovna Dubelt<br>Leonty Mikhailovich Dubelt<br>Anna Mikhailovna Dubelt<br>[[Countess Sophie of Merenberg]]<br>Alexandra Nikolaevna von Merenberg<br>Georg-Nikolai von Merenberg
|father=[[Alexander Pushkin]]
|mother=[[Natalia Pushkina|Natalia Goncharova]]
}}


'''Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina''', later '''Countess of Merenberg''' ({{OldStyleDate|4 June|1836|23 May}}, [[Saint Petersburg]] - {{OldStyleDate|23 March|1913|10 March}},<ref>[https://forum.vgd.ru/file.php?fid=247176&key=1754187820 TsGIA St. Petersburg. F. 19. op. 126. d. 1707. arr. 38. Metric books of the Church of the Archangel Michael in Cannes.]</ref> [[Cannes]]<ref>''I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev'' After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980. p. 237.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Biographie |first=Deutsche |title=Merenberg, Natalie von - Deutsche Biographie |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/116891793.html |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=www.deutsche-biographie.de |language=de}}</ref>) was the daughter of [[Alexander Pushkin]] and the morganatic wife of [[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau]].
'''Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina''', later '''Countess of Merenberg''' ({{OldStyleDate|4 June|1836|23 May}}, [[Saint Petersburg]] – {{OldStyleDate|23 March|1913|10 March}},<ref>[https://forum.vgd.ru/file.php?fid=247176&key=1754187820 TsGIA St. Petersburg. F. 19. op. 126. d. 1707. arr. 38. Metric books of the Church of the Archangel Michael in Cannes.]</ref> [[Cannes]]<ref>''I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev'' After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980. p. 237.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Biographie |first=Deutsche |title=Merenberg, Natalie von - Deutsche Biographie |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/116891793.html |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=www.deutsche-biographie.de |language=de}}</ref>) was the daughter of [[Alexander Pushkin]] and the morganatic wife of [[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau]].


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Line 9: Line 25:
Possessing exceptional beauty, Natalia Alexandrovna was a person of passionate disposition, unchanging in her decisions. In her youth, she was in love with [[Nikolay Alexeyevich Orlov|Prince Nikolay Alexeyevich Orlov]], who returned her feelings and wished to marry her. However, Orlov's father would not allow this, as he considered Pushkina an unsuitable bride for his son,
Possessing exceptional beauty, Natalia Alexandrovna was a person of passionate disposition, unchanging in her decisions. In her youth, she was in love with [[Nikolay Alexeyevich Orlov|Prince Nikolay Alexeyevich Orlov]], who returned her feelings and wished to marry her. However, Orlov's father would not allow this, as he considered Pushkina an unsuitable bride for his son,


At the age of seventeen, she accepted a proposal from Mikhail Leontievisch Dubelt. Both her mother and step father Peter Lanskoy were against the marriage. Dubelt was well known as a player and for his violent character. Natalia Alexandrovna insisted on the match, fearing the fate of her older sister who was unmarried.<ref>The last year of Pushkin’s life. Compilation, introductory essays and notes by V.V. Kunin, - M.: Pravda, 1988, p.155.</ref> Concerned her mother wrote to [[Pyotr Vyazemsky]]:<ref>I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev. After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980, p. 178.</ref><blockquote>"The imp Tasha quickly moved from childhood to adulthood, but there is nothing to do - you can't bypass fate. I'ven been fighting it for a year not, finally, thanks to the will of God and Dubelt's impatience. My only fear is her youth, in other words, her childishness."</blockquote>The marriage took place in 1853. She was noted by contemporaries in society for her intelligence, beauty, and courtesy.<ref>S. M. Zagoskin. Memoirs // Historical Bulletin. 1900. T.81. No. 8. - P.50.</ref> In 1862, the marriage fell apart. Natalia moved abroad with her two eldest children to live with heraunt, {{Ill|Alexandra Friesengoff|lt=|ru|Гончарова, Александра Николаевна}} and mother. Dubelt followed his wife to the estate, her sister, {{Ill|Alexandra Arapova|lt=Alexandra|ru|Арапова, Александра Петровна}} wrote:<blockquote>"The summer months passed in constant troubles and endless unrest. Dubelt, who was the first to give this idea to his wife [about leving], soon changed his mind, refused his word, came to Hungary himself, first to confess, when it turned out to be unsucessful, he gave rein to his unbridled, frantic character. It's hard to even remember the scenes that took place until, at the insistence of Baron Friesengoff, he left the estate, giving his wife temporary peace. Her situation eas hopeless. Sister did not lose heart: she was supported by extraordinary fortitude and willpower, but mother suffered for both."<ref>I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev. After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980, p. 180.</ref></blockquote>A lengthy divorce process began. Natalia Allexandrovna lived abroad for a long time. At this time, her mother gave her 75 letters written by Pushkin, so that if she fell on difficult time, she could publish them. In 1876, Natalia Alexandrovna, then Countess of Merenberg, turned to [[Ivan Turgenev]] for help in editing and publishing these letters.<ref>The last year of Pushkin's life. Compilation, introductory essays and notes by V.V. Kunin, - M.: Pravda, 1988, pp. 156-157</ref> However, the publication was premature, it was received poorly, both by the public, and by her brothers who were not consulted.
At the age of seventeen, she accepted a proposal from Mikhail Leontievisch Dubelt. Both her mother and step father Peter Lanskoy were against the marriage. Dubelt was well known as a player and for his violent character. Natalia Alexandrovna insisted on the match, fearing the fate of her older sister who was unmarried.<ref>The last year of Pushkin's life. Compilation, introductory essays and notes by V.V. Kunin, - M.: Pravda, 1988, p.155.</ref> Concerned her mother wrote to [[Pyotr Vyazemsky]]:<ref>I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev. After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980, p. 178.</ref><blockquote>"The imp Tasha quickly moved from childhood to adulthood, but there is nothing to do - you can't bypass fate. I'ven been fighting it for a year not, finally, thanks to the will of God and Dubelt's impatience. My only fear is her youth, in other words, her childishness."</blockquote>The marriage took place in 1853. She was noted by contemporaries in society for her intelligence, beauty, and courtesy.<ref>S. M. Zagoskin. Memoirs // Historical Bulletin. 1900. T.81. No. 8. - P.50.</ref> In 1862, the marriage fell apart. Natalia moved abroad with her two eldest children to live with her aunt, {{Ill|Alexandra Friesengoff|lt=|ru|Гончарова, Александра Николаевна}} and mother. Dubelt followed his wife to the estate, her sister, {{Ill|Alexandra Arapova|lt=Alexandra|ru|Арапова, Александра Петровна}} wrote:<blockquote>"The summer months passed in constant troubles and endless unrest. Dubelt, who was the first to give this idea to his wife [about leaving], soon changed his mind, refused his word, came to Hungary himself, first to confess, when it turned out to be unsuccessful, he gave rein to his unbridled, frantic character. It's hard to even remember the scenes that took place until, at the insistence of Baron Friesengoff, he left the estate, giving his wife temporary peace. Her situation was hopeless. Sister did not lose heart: she was supported by extraordinary fortitude and willpower, but mother suffered for both."<ref>I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev. After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980, p. 180.</ref></blockquote>A lengthy divorce process began. Natalia Alexandrovna lived abroad for a long time. At this time, her mother gave her 75 letters written by Pushkin, so that if she fell on difficult time, she could publish them. In 1876, Natalia Alexandrovna, then Countess of Merenberg, turned to [[Ivan Turgenev]] for help in editing and publishing these letters.<ref>The last year of Pushkin's life. Compilation, introductory essays and notes by V.V. Kunin, - M.: Pravda, 1988, pp. 156-157</ref> However, the publication was premature, it was received poorly, both by the public, and by her brothers who were not consulted.


After the marriage had finally been dissolved, she married [[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau|Prince Nikolaus of Nassau]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1868 |title=Файл:Natalia Pushkina1.jpg — Википедия |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Natalia_Pushkina1.jpg |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=commons.wikimedia.org |language=ru}}</ref> They had first met in Russia at one of the balls during the coronation celebrations of [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]]. The prince had arrived in Russia, acting as a representative of the Nassau court, and upon meeting Natalia Alexandrovna, had been captivated by her.
After the marriage had finally been dissolved, she married [[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau|Prince Nikolaus of Nassau]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1868 |title=Файл:Natalia Pushkina1.jpg — Википедия |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Natalia_Pushkina1.jpg |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=commons.wikimedia.org |language=ru}}</ref> They had first met in Russia at one of the balls during the coronation celebrations of [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]]. The prince had arrived in Russia, acting as a representative of the Nassau court, and upon meeting Natalia Alexandrovna, had been captivated by her.


In 1882, the origional copies of 64 letters from Pushkin to his wife were donated to the Rumyantsev Museum. Natalia Alexandrovna gave the remaining letters to her daughter Sophie.
In 1882, the original copies of 64 letters from Pushkin to his wife were donated to the Rumyantsev Museum. Natalia Alexandrovna gave the remaining letters to her daughter Sophie.


She died of an [[embolism]] in Cannes, France on 23 March 1913. She was cremated, and her ashes were spread on the grave of her second husband in [[Wiesbaden]].
She died of an [[embolism]] in Cannes, France on 23 March 1913. She was cremated, and her ashes were spread on the grave of her second husband in [[Wiesbaden]].


== Marriages and Children ==
== Marriages and Children ==
In 1852 she married Mikhain Leontievich Dubelt<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalliope {{!}} Verbundkatalog für Archiv- und archivähnliche Bestände und nationales Nachweisinstrument für Nachlässe und Autographen |url=https://kalliope-verbund.info/de/eac?eac.id=116891793 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=kalliope-verbund.info}}</ref> (1822-1900) and had three children:
In 1852 she married Mikhail Leontievich Dubelt<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalliope {{!}} Verbundkatalog für Archiv- und archivähnliche Bestände und nationales Nachweisinstrument für Nachlässe und Autographen |url=https://kalliope-verbund.info/de/eac?eac.id=116891793 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=kalliope-verbund.info}}</ref> (1822-1900) and had three children:


* ''Natalia Mikhailovna Dubelt'' (1854-1925),<ref name=":0" /> married Arnold Hermann Joseph Johann Nepomuk Franz Xaver Leopold von Bessel (1827-1887).
* ''Natalia Mikhailovna Dubelt'' (1854-1925),<ref name=":0" /> married Arnold Hermann Joseph Johann Nepomuk Franz Xaver Leopold von Bessel (1827-1887).
Line 26: Line 42:
The couple divorced in 1868. After which, Leonty and Natalia were raised by their mother's stepfather, {{Ill|Pyotr Petrovich Lanskoy|ru|Ланской, Пётр Петрович}}, and Anna was raised by her father's aunt, Bazilevskaya.<ref name=":0" />
The couple divorced in 1868. After which, Leonty and Natalia were raised by their mother's stepfather, {{Ill|Pyotr Petrovich Lanskoy|ru|Ланской, Пётр Петрович}}, and Anna was raised by her father's aunt, Bazilevskaya.<ref name=":0" />


Natalia Alexandrovna married [[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau]] [[Morganatic marriage|morganatically]] in [[London]] 1 July 1868.<ref name=":1" /> Given that her father was an [[Russian nobility|untitled nobleman]], she was unable to share her husband's rank and title. In 1868, her sister-in-law's husband, [[George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont]] granted her the title '[[Count of Merenberg|Coutness of Merenberg]]'. This marriage would produce three children:
Natalia Alexandrovna married [[Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau]] [[Morganatic marriage|morganatically]] in [[London]] 1 July 1868.<ref name=":1" /> Given that her father was an [[Russian nobility|untitled nobleman]], she was unable to share her husband's rank and title. In 1868, her sister-in-law's husband, [[George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont]] granted her the title '[[Count of Merenberg|Countess of Merenberg]]'. This marriage would produce three children:


* [[Countess Sophie of Merenberg|Countess Sophie]] (1868-1927), married morganatically [[Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia]] (1861-1929), created Countess de Torby by her uncle [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], had issue.
* [[Countess Sophie of Merenberg|Countess Sophie]] (1868-1927), married morganatically [[Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia]] (1861-1929), created Countess de Torby by her uncle [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], had issue.

Latest revision as of 22:04, 8 December 2024

Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina
Countess of Merenberg
Born(1836-06-04)4 June 1836
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died23 March 1913(1913-03-23) (aged 76)
Cannes, France
Spouse(s)Mikhail Leontievich Dubelt
Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau
IssueNatalya Mikhailovna Dubelt
Leonty Mikhailovich Dubelt
Anna Mikhailovna Dubelt
Countess Sophie of Merenberg
Alexandra Nikolaevna von Merenberg
Georg-Nikolai von Merenberg
FatherAlexander Pushkin
MotherNatalia Goncharova

Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina, later Countess of Merenberg (4 June [O.S. 23 May] 1836, Saint Petersburg – 23 March [O.S. 10 March] 1913,[1] Cannes[2][3]) was the daughter of Alexander Pushkin and the morganatic wife of Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau.

Biography

[edit]

Born on 4 June 1836, Kamenny Island, Saint Petersburg. She was baptised in the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist [ru] a month later. Her godparents were Mikhail Vielgorsky and Ekaterina Ivanovna Zagryazhskaya [ru].[4][5] Natalia Alexandrovna did not remember her father, as she was eight months old when he died. However, she inherited his character and looks more so than her other siblings.

Possessing exceptional beauty, Natalia Alexandrovna was a person of passionate disposition, unchanging in her decisions. In her youth, she was in love with Prince Nikolay Alexeyevich Orlov, who returned her feelings and wished to marry her. However, Orlov's father would not allow this, as he considered Pushkina an unsuitable bride for his son,

At the age of seventeen, she accepted a proposal from Mikhail Leontievisch Dubelt. Both her mother and step father Peter Lanskoy were against the marriage. Dubelt was well known as a player and for his violent character. Natalia Alexandrovna insisted on the match, fearing the fate of her older sister who was unmarried.[6] Concerned her mother wrote to Pyotr Vyazemsky:[7]

"The imp Tasha quickly moved from childhood to adulthood, but there is nothing to do - you can't bypass fate. I'ven been fighting it for a year not, finally, thanks to the will of God and Dubelt's impatience. My only fear is her youth, in other words, her childishness."

The marriage took place in 1853. She was noted by contemporaries in society for her intelligence, beauty, and courtesy.[8] In 1862, the marriage fell apart. Natalia moved abroad with her two eldest children to live with her aunt, Alexandra Friesengoff [ru] and mother. Dubelt followed his wife to the estate, her sister, Alexandra [ru] wrote:

"The summer months passed in constant troubles and endless unrest. Dubelt, who was the first to give this idea to his wife [about leaving], soon changed his mind, refused his word, came to Hungary himself, first to confess, when it turned out to be unsuccessful, he gave rein to his unbridled, frantic character. It's hard to even remember the scenes that took place until, at the insistence of Baron Friesengoff, he left the estate, giving his wife temporary peace. Her situation was hopeless. Sister did not lose heart: she was supported by extraordinary fortitude and willpower, but mother suffered for both."[9]

A lengthy divorce process began. Natalia Alexandrovna lived abroad for a long time. At this time, her mother gave her 75 letters written by Pushkin, so that if she fell on difficult time, she could publish them. In 1876, Natalia Alexandrovna, then Countess of Merenberg, turned to Ivan Turgenev for help in editing and publishing these letters.[10] However, the publication was premature, it was received poorly, both by the public, and by her brothers who were not consulted.

After the marriage had finally been dissolved, she married Prince Nikolaus of Nassau.[11] They had first met in Russia at one of the balls during the coronation celebrations of Alexander II. The prince had arrived in Russia, acting as a representative of the Nassau court, and upon meeting Natalia Alexandrovna, had been captivated by her.

In 1882, the original copies of 64 letters from Pushkin to his wife were donated to the Rumyantsev Museum. Natalia Alexandrovna gave the remaining letters to her daughter Sophie.

She died of an embolism in Cannes, France on 23 March 1913. She was cremated, and her ashes were spread on the grave of her second husband in Wiesbaden.

Marriages and Children

[edit]

In 1852 she married Mikhail Leontievich Dubelt[12] (1822-1900) and had three children:

  • Natalia Mikhailovna Dubelt (1854-1925),[4] married Arnold Hermann Joseph Johann Nepomuk Franz Xaver Leopold von Bessel (1827-1887).
  • Leonty Mikhailovich Dubelt (1855-1894),[4] captain of the second rank,[13] married Agrippina Grigorievna Miklashevskaya on 28 April 1891.
  • Anna Mikhailovna Dubelt (1861-1919),[4] married titular councilor, Alexander Pavlovich Kondyrev (1855-1900).

The couple divorced in 1868. After which, Leonty and Natalia were raised by their mother's stepfather, Pyotr Petrovich Lanskoy [ru], and Anna was raised by her father's aunt, Bazilevskaya.[4]

Natalia Alexandrovna married Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau morganatically in London 1 July 1868.[11] Given that her father was an untitled nobleman, she was unable to share her husband's rank and title. In 1868, her sister-in-law's husband, George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont granted her the title 'Countess of Merenberg'. This marriage would produce three children:

Reference section

[edit]
  1. ^ TsGIA St. Petersburg. F. 19. op. 126. d. 1707. arr. 38. Metric books of the Church of the Archangel Michael in Cannes.
  2. ^ I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980. p. 237.
  3. ^ Biographie, Deutsche. "Merenberg, Natalie von - Deutsche Biographie". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  4. ^ a b c d e Rusakov V.M. Stories about the descendants of A.S. Pushkin. - L.: Lenizdat, 1992.
  5. ^ "Metric book".
  6. ^ The last year of Pushkin's life. Compilation, introductory essays and notes by V.V. Kunin, - M.: Pravda, 1988, p.155.
  7. ^ I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev. After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980, p. 178.
  8. ^ S. M. Zagoskin. Memoirs // Historical Bulletin. 1900. T.81. No. 8. - P.50.
  9. ^ I. Obodovskaya, M. Dementyev. After the death of Pushkin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1980, p. 180.
  10. ^ The last year of Pushkin's life. Compilation, introductory essays and notes by V.V. Kunin, - M.: Pravda, 1988, pp. 156-157
  11. ^ a b "Файл:Natalia Pushkina1.jpg — Википедия". commons.wikimedia.org (in Russian). 1868. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  12. ^ "Kalliope | Verbundkatalog für Archiv- und archivähnliche Bestände und nationales Nachweisinstrument für Nachlässe und Autographen". kalliope-verbund.info. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  13. ^ TsGIA St. Petersburg. f.19. op.127. d. 137. p. 61. Parish books of the Church of the Sorrowful Mother of God behind the Foundry Yard.
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