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{{Short description|Newest line of solid-fuel IRBM tested by North Korea in 2024}}{{Infobox weapon
{{Short description|Newest line of solid-fuel IRBM tested by North Korea in 2024}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = Hwasong-16b
| name = Hwasong-16b
| origin = [[North Korea]]
| image =
| type = [[Intermediate-range ballistic missile]]
| origin = {{flagcountry|North Korea}}
| type = [[Intermediate-range ballistic missile]]
[[Hypersonic glide vehicle]]
| is_missile = Yes
| is_missile = Yes
| service =
| service =
| manufacturer = {{flagcountry|North Korea}}
| used_by = [[Korean People's Army Strategic Force]]
| used_by = [[Korean People's Army Strategic Force]]
| design_date = 2023
| design_date = 2023
| production_date =
| production_date =
| length = 20~21 meters(Estimate)
| length = 20~21 meters (Estimate)
| diameter = 2.1~2.3m
| diameter = 2.1~2.3m
| max_range =
| max_range =
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}}
}}


The '''Hwasong-16b (HS-16b)''' ([[Korean language|Korean]]: 《화성포-16나》형; [[Hanja]]: 火星砲 16b型; <abbr>lit.</abbr> Mars Artillery Type 16B) is a [[North Korea|North Korean]] [[Hypersonic speed|hypersonic]] [[intermediate-range ballistic missile]] (IRBM).
The '''Hwasong-16b (HS-16b)''' ([[Korean language|Korean]]: 《화성포-16나》형; [[Hanja]]: 火星砲 16b型; <abbr>lit.</abbr> Mars Artillery Type 16B) is a North Korean [[intermediate-range ballistic missile]] (IRBM).


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
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In November 2023, North Korea announced static ground tests of rocket motors for a solid-fueled IRBM. On 14 January 2024, a flight test was conducted which South Korea said flew 1,000&nbsp;km; Japan said its analysis showed it traveled at least 500&nbsp;km at the maximum altitude of 50&nbsp;km. The missile used the first two stages of the [[Hwasong-18]] ICBM's solid rocket motors. A solid-fuel IRBM would be able to threaten U.S. military bases such as on [[Guam]] as far as 3,300&nbsp;km away from North Korea, while having the same advantages of being easier to move and quicker to launch than the liquid-fueled [[Hwasong-12]] IRBM. North Korean media also claimed the missile was equipped with a [[hypersonic flight|hypersonic]] warhead, which was similar to the conical, finned [[maneuverable reentry vehicle]] (MaRV) payload used on the [[Hwasong-8#Hypersonic Missile Type 2|Hypersonic Missile Type 2]]. Such a payload would complicate [[ballistic missile defense]]s due to its lower altitude flight path keeping it below radar coverage longer and the ability to perform terminal maneuvers.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/14/asia/north-korea-ballistic-missile-intl-hnk/index.html North Korea claims another successful test of its hypersonic glide missile tech]. ''[[CNN]]''. 15 January 2024.</ref><ref>[https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-missile-tensions-c3edad4693574d533d893803792d76fe North Korea launches a suspected intermediate-range ballistic missile that can reach distant US bases]. ''[[Associated Press]]''. 14 January 2024.</ref><ref name="38north18jan24">[https://www.38north.org/2024/01/north-korea-tests-new-solid-irbm-with-marv-payload/ North Korea Tests New Solid IRBM With MaRV Payload]. ''[[38 North]]''. 18 January 2024.</ref>
In November 2023, North Korea announced static ground tests of rocket motors for a solid-fueled IRBM. On 14 January 2024, a flight test was conducted which South Korea said flew 1,000&nbsp;km; Japan said its analysis showed it traveled at least 500&nbsp;km at the maximum altitude of 50&nbsp;km. The missile used the first two stages of the [[Hwasong-18]] ICBM's solid rocket motors. A solid-fuel IRBM would be able to threaten U.S. military bases such as on [[Guam]] as far as 3,300&nbsp;km away from North Korea, while having the same advantages of being easier to move and quicker to launch than the liquid-fueled [[Hwasong-12]] IRBM. North Korean media also claimed the missile was equipped with a [[hypersonic flight|hypersonic]] warhead, which was similar to the conical, finned [[maneuverable reentry vehicle]] (MaRV) payload used on the [[Hwasong-8#Hypersonic Missile Type 2|Hypersonic Missile Type 2]]. Such a payload would complicate [[ballistic missile defense]]s due to its lower altitude flight path keeping it below radar coverage longer and the ability to perform terminal maneuvers.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/14/asia/north-korea-ballistic-missile-intl-hnk/index.html North Korea claims another successful test of its hypersonic glide missile tech]. ''[[CNN]]''. 15 January 2024.</ref><ref>[https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-missile-tensions-c3edad4693574d533d893803792d76fe North Korea launches a suspected intermediate-range ballistic missile that can reach distant US bases]. ''[[Associated Press]]''. 14 January 2024.</ref><ref name="38north18jan24">[https://www.38north.org/2024/01/north-korea-tests-new-solid-irbm-with-marv-payload/ North Korea Tests New Solid IRBM With MaRV Payload]. ''[[38 North]]''. 18 January 2024.</ref>


On 19 March 2024, [[Kim Jong Un]] oversaw an initial solid-fuel engine test in preparation for another launch.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Hwasong-16B Glide Vehicle |url=https://tippinsights.com/hwasong-16b-glide-vehicle/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=tippinsights |language=en}}</ref> A second test occurred on 2 April 2024, where the missile's name was revealed as the Hwasong-16Na (Hwasong-16b). This launch was made with a [[hypersonic glide vehicle]] (HGV) payload akin to the one mounted on the [[Hwasong-8]]; [[38 North]] speculates that if the HGV payload-equipped version of the missile is designated Hwasong-16b, then the previous MaRV payload-equipped version could be designed the Hwasong-16a. The [[Korean Central News Agency]] (KCNA) claimed the missile traveled 1,000&nbsp;km and reached a maximum altitude of 101.1&nbsp;km, and subsequently engaged in a pull-up maneuver reaching an altitude of 72.3&nbsp;km. South Korean military assessments said it flew 600&nbsp;km, while [[Ministry of Defense (Japan)|Japan's Ministry of Defense]] estimated a range of 650&nbsp;km, suggesting the HGV test wasn't successful. It was launched from a seven-axle wheeled transporter erector launcher (TEL), with an open-front canister, which in its stored state, has a two-part clam-shell cover on each side. The missile is [[Cold launch|cold launched]] with a gas generator at the end of the launch tube, popping the missile up prior to ignition.<ref>[https://www.38north.org/2024/04/second-flight-of-north-koreas-solid-irbm-also-second-flight-of-hgv/ Second Flight of North Korea’s Solid IRBM Also Second Flight of HGV]. ''[[38 North]]''. 5 April 2024.</ref>
On 19 March 2024, [[Kim Jong Un]] oversaw an initial solid-fuel engine test in preparation for another launch.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Hwasong-16B Glide Vehicle |url=https://tippinsights.com/hwasong-16b-glide-vehicle/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=tippinsights |language=en}}</ref> A second test occurred on 2 April 2024, where the missile's name was revealed as the Hwasong-16Na (Hwasong-16b). This launch was made with a [[hypersonic glide vehicle]] (HGV) payload akin to the one mounted on the [[Hwasong-8]]; [[38 North]] speculates that if the HGV payload-equipped version of the missile is designated Hwasong-16b, then the previous MaRV payload-equipped version could be designed the Hwasong-16a. The [[Korean Central News Agency]] (KCNA) claimed the missile traveled 1,000&nbsp;km and reached a maximum altitude of 101.1&nbsp;km, and subsequently engaged in a pull-up maneuver reaching an altitude of 72.3&nbsp;km. South Korean military assessments said it flew 600&nbsp;km, while [[Ministry of Defense (Japan)|Japan's Ministry of Defense]] estimated a range of 650&nbsp;km, suggesting the HGV test wasn't successful. It was launched from a seven-axle wheeled transporter erector launcher (TEL), with an open-front canister, which in its stored state, has a two-part clam-shell cover on each side. The missile is [[cold launch]]ed with a gas generator at the end of the launch tube, popping the missile up prior to ignition.<ref>[https://www.38north.org/2024/04/second-flight-of-north-koreas-solid-irbm-also-second-flight-of-hgv/ Second Flight of North Korea’s Solid IRBM Also Second Flight of HGV]. ''[[38 North]]''. 5 April 2024.</ref> The launch coincided with a joint US/Japan/South Korea trilateral flight exercise.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mahadzir |first=Dzirhan |date=2024-04-03 |title=North Korea Tests Hypersonic Weapon Following U.S. Navy Ballistic Missile Intercept Test |url=https://news.usni.org/2024/04/03/north-korea-tests-hypersonic-weapon-following-u-s-navy-ballistic-missile-intercept-test |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=USNI}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-04-03 |title=North Korea aims to adopt solid-fuel missiles for faster launches |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/04/03/asia-pacific/politics/north-korea-hypersonic-solid-fuel-missile/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}}</ref>


On 26 June 2024, a test was conducted using the first stage of the Hwasong-16 to deploy [[multiple independently-targeted reentry vehicle]]s (MIRVs). North Korea claimed the test was a success, while South Korea and Japan claim the missile exploded before releasing any warheads.<ref>[https://www.38north.org/2024/07/north-korea-reveals-a-multiple-warhead-payload-in-probable-failed-test/ North Korea Reveals a Multiple-warhead Payload in Probable Failed Test]. ''[[38 North]]''. 2 July 2024.</ref>
The launch coincided with a joint US/Japan/South Korea trilateral flight exercise<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mahadzir |first=Dzirhan |date=2024-04-03 |title=North Korea Tests Hypersonic Weapon Following U.S. Navy Ballistic Missile Intercept Test |url=https://news.usni.org/2024/04/03/north-korea-tests-hypersonic-weapon-following-u-s-navy-ballistic-missile-intercept-test |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=USNI}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-04-03 |title=North Korea aims to adopt solid-fuel missiles for faster launches |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/04/03/asia-pacific/politics/north-korea-hypersonic-solid-fuel-missile/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}}</ref>


=== Test Launches ===
=== Test Launches ===
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|Outskirts of
|Outskirts of
Pyongyang<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=North Korea fires an intermediate-range missile into its eastern waters, South Korea says |url=https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-ballistic-missile-kim-jong-un-fdce94520f3ccb53b047f99d3df031bf |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=North Korea says it tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile that's easier to hide |url=https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-kim-jong-un-hypersonic-intermediaterange-missile-768704fe65bdfbcc7311fec2ce34bd92 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
Pyongyang<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=North Korea fires an intermediate-range missile into its eastern waters, South Korea says |url=https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-ballistic-missile-kim-jong-un-fdce94520f3ccb53b047f99d3df031bf |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=North Korea says it tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile that's easier to hide |url=https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-kim-jong-un-hypersonic-intermediaterange-missile-768704fe65bdfbcc7311fec2ce34bd92 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
|Detected at 6:53 AM (21:53 GMT) and announced by the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)|Joint Chiefs of Staff.]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Park |first=Ju-min |date=2024-04-02 |title=North Korea fires suspected intermediate-range ballistic missile |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/north-korea-fires-ballistic-missile-south-korea-says-2024-04-01/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Reuters}}</ref>
|Detected at 6:53&nbsp;am (21:53 GMT) and announced by the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)|Joint Chiefs of Staff.]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Park |first=Ju-min |date=2024-04-02 |title=North Korea fires suspected intermediate-range ballistic missile |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/north-korea-fires-ballistic-missile-south-korea-says-2024-04-01/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Reuters}}</ref>
|{{Success}}
|{{Success}}
|First test where the missile was named as Hwasong-16b, warhead separated from missile, reaching a peak of 101&nbsp;km, then a secondary peak at 72.3&nbsp;km before landing in the [[Sea of Japan]]. Maximum speed at Mach 5.<ref name=":4" />
|First test where the missile was named as Hwasong-16b, warhead separated from missile, reaching a peak of 101&nbsp;km, then a secondary peak at 72.3&nbsp;km before landing in the [[Sea of Japan]]. Maximum speed at Mach 5.<ref name=":4" />
[[Kim Jong-un]] supervised the launch, with senior officials attending.<ref name=":4" />
[[Kim Jong-un]] supervised the launch, with senior officials attending.<ref name=":4" />
<ref,>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2b6UTCt7fqA<ref>


|}
|}
Line 58: Line 59:
[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] researcher Ankit Panda, described the transition to solid-fuel rockets as a heavily favored play by Kim, noting that "There are obvious strategic advantages to an all-solid-fuel force for them in the form of greater promptness, responsiveness, and survivability,"<ref name=":5" />
[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] researcher Ankit Panda, described the transition to solid-fuel rockets as a heavily favored play by Kim, noting that "There are obvious strategic advantages to an all-solid-fuel force for them in the form of greater promptness, responsiveness, and survivability,"<ref name=":5" />


The launch was condemned by the [[United Kingdom]] as a breach of [[United Nations Security Council]] resolutions.<ref name=":5" />
The launch was condemned by the United Kingdom as a breach of [[United Nations Security Council]] resolutions.<ref name=":5" />


Japan's Prime Minister [[Fumio Kishida]] condemned the launch as "damaging for regional and international peace and stability".<ref name=":6" />
Japan's Prime Minister [[Fumio Kishida]] condemned the launch as "damaging for regional and international peace and stability".<ref name=":6" />

Latest revision as of 08:40, 2 November 2024

Hwasong-16b
TypeIntermediate-range ballistic missile
Place of origin North Korea
Service history
Used byKorean People's Army Strategic Force
Production history
Designed2023
Manufacturer North Korea
Specifications
Length20~21 meters (Estimate)
Diameter2.1~2.3m
PropellantTwo-stage Solid-fuel rocket
Launch
platform
7-axle Transporter erector launcher

The Hwasong-16b (HS-16b) (Korean: 《화성포-16나》형; Hanja: 火星砲 16b型; lit. Mars Artillery Type 16B) is a North Korean intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM).

Design and development

[edit]

A parade on 10 October 2020 unveiled the existence of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) larger than the Hwasong-15. It was unofficially dubbed the "Hwasong-16" as part of the Hwasong line of missiles, though subsequent analysis of footage indicated that it was officially called Hwasong-17.[1]

In November 2023, North Korea announced static ground tests of rocket motors for a solid-fueled IRBM. On 14 January 2024, a flight test was conducted which South Korea said flew 1,000 km; Japan said its analysis showed it traveled at least 500 km at the maximum altitude of 50 km. The missile used the first two stages of the Hwasong-18 ICBM's solid rocket motors. A solid-fuel IRBM would be able to threaten U.S. military bases such as on Guam as far as 3,300 km away from North Korea, while having the same advantages of being easier to move and quicker to launch than the liquid-fueled Hwasong-12 IRBM. North Korean media also claimed the missile was equipped with a hypersonic warhead, which was similar to the conical, finned maneuverable reentry vehicle (MaRV) payload used on the Hypersonic Missile Type 2. Such a payload would complicate ballistic missile defenses due to its lower altitude flight path keeping it below radar coverage longer and the ability to perform terminal maneuvers.[2][3][4]

On 19 March 2024, Kim Jong Un oversaw an initial solid-fuel engine test in preparation for another launch.[5] A second test occurred on 2 April 2024, where the missile's name was revealed as the Hwasong-16Na (Hwasong-16b). This launch was made with a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV) payload akin to the one mounted on the Hwasong-8; 38 North speculates that if the HGV payload-equipped version of the missile is designated Hwasong-16b, then the previous MaRV payload-equipped version could be designed the Hwasong-16a. The Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) claimed the missile traveled 1,000 km and reached a maximum altitude of 101.1 km, and subsequently engaged in a pull-up maneuver reaching an altitude of 72.3 km. South Korean military assessments said it flew 600 km, while Japan's Ministry of Defense estimated a range of 650 km, suggesting the HGV test wasn't successful. It was launched from a seven-axle wheeled transporter erector launcher (TEL), with an open-front canister, which in its stored state, has a two-part clam-shell cover on each side. The missile is cold launched with a gas generator at the end of the launch tube, popping the missile up prior to ignition.[6] The launch coincided with a joint US/Japan/South Korea trilateral flight exercise.[7][8]

On 26 June 2024, a test was conducted using the first stage of the Hwasong-16 to deploy multiple independently-targeted reentry vehicles (MIRVs). North Korea claimed the test was a success, while South Korea and Japan claim the missile exploded before releasing any warheads.[9]

Test Launches

[edit]
Attempt Date Location Pre-launch announcement Outcome Additional notes
1 14 January 2024 Around Pyongyang None Success First flight test, South Korea claimed it traveled 1,000 km while Japan claimed it flew 500 km.[4]
2 2 April 2024 Outskirts of

Pyongyang[10][11]

Detected at 6:53 am (21:53 GMT) and announced by the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[10][12] Success First test where the missile was named as Hwasong-16b, warhead separated from missile, reaching a peak of 101 km, then a secondary peak at 72.3 km before landing in the Sea of Japan. Maximum speed at Mach 5.[5]

Kim Jong-un supervised the launch, with senior officials attending.[5]

Response

[edit]

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace researcher Ankit Panda, described the transition to solid-fuel rockets as a heavily favored play by Kim, noting that "There are obvious strategic advantages to an all-solid-fuel force for them in the form of greater promptness, responsiveness, and survivability,"[8]

The launch was condemned by the United Kingdom as a breach of United Nations Security Council resolutions.[8]

Japan's Prime Minister Fumio Kishida condemned the launch as "damaging for regional and international peace and stability".[12]

South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed a joint investigation ongoing with the U.S., and subsequently on 3 April 2024 it seized a ship off the coast of South Korea in violation of North Korean sanctions.[8]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Xu, Tianran (18 October 2021). "Brief on the Defense Development Exhibition of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Open Nuclear Network: 7.
  2. ^ North Korea claims another successful test of its hypersonic glide missile tech. CNN. 15 January 2024.
  3. ^ North Korea launches a suspected intermediate-range ballistic missile that can reach distant US bases. Associated Press. 14 January 2024.
  4. ^ a b North Korea Tests New Solid IRBM With MaRV Payload. 38 North. 18 January 2024.
  5. ^ a b c "Hwasong-16B Glide Vehicle". tippinsights. 2024-04-04. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  6. ^ Second Flight of North Korea’s Solid IRBM Also Second Flight of HGV. 38 North. 5 April 2024.
  7. ^ Mahadzir, Dzirhan (2024-04-03). "North Korea Tests Hypersonic Weapon Following U.S. Navy Ballistic Missile Intercept Test". USNI. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  8. ^ a b c d "North Korea aims to adopt solid-fuel missiles for faster launches". The Japan Times. 2024-04-03. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  9. ^ North Korea Reveals a Multiple-warhead Payload in Probable Failed Test. 38 North. 2 July 2024.
  10. ^ a b "North Korea fires an intermediate-range missile into its eastern waters, South Korea says". AP News. 2024-04-01. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  11. ^ "North Korea says it tested a new hypersonic intermediate-range missile that's easier to hide". AP News. 2024-04-02. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  12. ^ a b Park, Ju-min (2024-04-02). "North Korea fires suspected intermediate-range ballistic missile". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
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