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Coordinates: 27°6′21″N 88°0′6″E / 27.10583°N 88.00167°E / 27.10583; 88.00167
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{{Short description|Mountain and highest point in West Bengal}}
{{Short description|Mountain and highest point in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Journey to Sandakphu |url=https://www.ourguest.in/stories/your-complete-guide-to-sandakphu-trek |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=www.ourguest.in |language=en}}</ref>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2016}}
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| photo = Sandakphu.jpg
| photo = Sandakphu.jpg
| photo_caption = View from Sandakphu in Darjeeling West Bengal
| photo_caption = View from Sandakphu in Darjeeling West Bengal
| map =India West Bengal
| map = India West Bengal
| map_caption = Location of Sandakphu peak
| map_caption = Location of Sandakphu peak
| map_image= {{OSM Location map
| width=280| height=260| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|27|4|0|N|88|10|0|E}}| float=center|caption=Places and tea estates in the north-western portion of Darjeeling Sadar subdivision (including Darjeeling Pulbazar CD block) in Darjeeling district. Key:<br/>C: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, H: hill centre, P: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, T: tourist attraction<br/>Abbreviations used in names – G for Tea Garden (town/village), E for Tea Estate<br/>Mouse over shows names of tea estates. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the locations in the larger map on click through may vary slightly.
|mark-sizeD=18,14
|shapeD=l-circle|shape-colorD= #A40000|shape-outlineD=white
|label-colorD= #800000 |label-sizeD=11
|mark-coord1={{coord|27|3|50|N|88|12|25|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1=<!--Chongtong TG---> | numbered1=C| mark-title1= [[Chongtong Tea Garden]] (census town)|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|27|4|50|N|88|17|58|E}}| label-pos2=left|label2=<!--Ging TG--->| numbered2=C| mark-title2= [[Ging Tea Garden]] (census town)
|mark-coord3={{coord|27|3|5|N|88|13|43|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=<!--Singtam TG--->| numbered3=C| mark-title3= [[Singtam Tea Garden]] (census town)
|mark-coord4={{coord|27|6|25|N|88|19|0|E}}| label-pos4= right|label4=<!--Badamtam TE--->| numbered4=E| mark-title4= [[Badamtam Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color4=#87A96B
|mark-coord5={{coord|27|1|25|N|88|15|10|E}}| label-pos5=right |label5=Darjeeling| numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Darjeeling]] (M)| shape-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|27|4|35|N|88|11|30|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6=<!--Bijanbari--->| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Bijanbari]] (R)| shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|27|6|45|N|88|6|30|E}}| label-pos7=bottom|label7=<!--Lodhoma--->| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Lodhoma]] (R)| shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|27|4|0|N|88|16|34|E}}| label-pos8= right |label8=<!--Puttabong TE---> | numbered8=E| mark-title8= [[Puttabong Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color8=#87A96B
|mark-coord9={{coord|27|7|35|N|88|6|25|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=<!--Rimbick--->| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Rimbick]] (R)| shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|27|2|55|N|88|15|27|E}}| label-pos10=right|label10=<!--Tukvar TG--->| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Tukvar Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|27|7|10|N|88|18|5|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=<!--Singla TG--->| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Singla Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|27|5|25|N|88|13|40|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=<!--Soom TG--->| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Soom Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|27|2|20|N|88|12|50|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=<!--Rishihat TG--->| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Rishihat Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|27|1|25|N|88|14|8|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=<!--Orange Valley TG--->| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Orange Valley Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|27|0|10|N|88|6|25|E}}| label-pos15=bottom|label15=<!--Manebhanjyang--->| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Manebhanjyang, Darjeeling]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|27|1|50|N|88|5|10|E}}| label-pos16=top|label16=<!--Tonglu--->| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Tonglu, West Bengal]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|27|0|40|N|88|14|47|E}}| label-pos17=right|label17=Ghum| numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[Ghum, West Bengal]] (N)| shape-color17=#E97451
|mark-coord18={{coord|27|6|30|N|88|0|0|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18=Sandakphu| numbered18=H| mark-title18= Sandakphu (H)|shape18=triangle|shape-color18=black|mark-size18=22,14|label-size18=12|label-color18=black |ldx18=-5<!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors -->
|mark-coord19={{coord|27|12|30|N|88|1|30|E}}| label-pos19=right|dlx19=3|label19=Phalut| numbered19=H|shape19=triangle| mark-title19= [[Phalut]] (H)| shape-color19=#87410E
|mark-coord20={{coord|27|5|35|N|88|2|40|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=[[Singalila National Park|Singalila^National^Park]]| numbered20=P| mark-title20= [[Singalila National Park]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22|ldx20=6
|mark-coord21={{coord|27|6|20|N|88|16|3|E}}| label-pos21=left|label21=<!--North Tukvar TE--->| numbered21=E| mark-title21= [[North Tukvar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B
|mark-coord22={{coord|27|5|40|N|88|16|50|E}}| label-pos22=right|label22=<!--Phoobsering TE--->| numbered22=E| mark-title22= [[Phoobsering Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B
|mark-coord23={{coord|26|59|45|N|88|16|42|E}}| label-pos23=right|label23=[[Tiger Hill, Darjeeling|Tiger Hill]]| numbered23=H| mark-title23= [[Tiger Hill, Darjeeling]] (H)| shape-color23=#87410E|shape23=triangle
|mark-coord24={{coord|27|0|40|N|88|13|1|E}}| label-pos24=left|label24=<!--Rock Garden--->| numbered24=T| mark-title24= [[Rock Garden, Darjeeling]] (T)| shape-color24=#228B22
|mark-coord25={{coord|26|59|20|N|88|15|54|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=[[Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary]]| numbered25=P| mark-title25= [[Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary]] (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22|ldy25=-3
|mark-coord26={{coord|27|9|0|N|88|2|29|E}}|label26=Singalila Ridge| label-angle26=-70| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|27|9|20|N|88|10|0|E}}|label27=Rangeet| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=70| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|27|7|1|N|88|12|0|E}}|label28= River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=7| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|27|7|0|N|88|7|50|E}}|label29= Rammam|labela29=River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=15| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title329 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|27|10|57|N|88|11|50|E}}|arc-textA= SIKKIM| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-161| arc-gapA=-2| arc-radiusA=0.7
|arc-coordB={{coord|27|1|0|N|87|59|0|E}}|arc-textB= NEPAL| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=40| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4
}}
| location = [[Darjeeling district]], [[West Bengal]], India;<br/>[[Ilam District]], [[Koshi Province]], Nepal
| location = [[Darjeeling district]], [[West Bengal]], India;<br/>[[Ilam District]], [[Koshi Province]], Nepal
| coordinates = {{coord|27|6|21|N|88|0|6|E|type:mountain_region:IN_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|27|6|21|N|88|0|6|E|type:mountain_region:IN_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m = 3636
| elevation_m = 3636
| elevation_ref =<ref name="PB">{{cite web|url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=52149|access-date=21 December 2024|title=Sandakphu, India}}</ref>
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_m = 356
| prominence_ref =<ref name="PB" />
| listing = [[List of Indian states and territories by highest point]]
| listing = [[List of Indian states and territories by highest point]]
| range = [[Singalila Ridge]]
| range = [[Singalila Ridge]]
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| map_size = 300
| map_size = 300
}}
}}
[[File:Panorama of the Kanchenjunga.jpg|alt=Panorama of the Kanchenjunga|thumb|831x831px|The Sleeping Buddha ]]
[[File:Panorama of the Kanchenjunga.jpg|alt=Panorama of the Kanchenjunga|thumb|left|831x831px|The Sleeping Buddha ]]
'''Sandakphu''' or '''Sandakpur''' (3636 m; 11,930&nbsp;ft) is a mountain peak in the [[Singalila Ridge]] on the [[India–Nepal border|border]] between [[India]] and [[Nepal]]. It is the highest point of the ridge and of the state of [[West Bengal]], India. The peak is located at the edge of the [[Singalila National Park]] and has a small village on the summit with a few hotels. Four of the five highest peaks in the world, [[Mount Everest|Everest]], [[Kangchenjunga]], [[Lhotse]] and [[Makalu]] can be seen from its summit. It also affords a pristine view of the entire Kangchenjunga Range. Sandakphu is also known as the land of poisonous flowers.
'''Sandakphu''' or '''Sandakpur''' at {{cvt|3636|m|ft}}<ref name="PB"/> is a mountain peak in the [[Singalila Ridge]] on the [[India–Nepal border|border]] between [[India]] and [[Nepal]]. It is the highest point of the ridge and of the state of [[West Bengal]], India. The peak is located at the edge of the [[Singalila National Park]] and has a small village on the summit with a few hotels. Four of the five highest peaks in the world, [[Mount Everest|Everest]], [[Kangchenjunga]], [[Lhotse]] and [[Makalu]] can be seen from its summit. It also affords a pristine view of the entire Kangchenjunga Range. Sandakphu is also known as the land of poisonous flowers.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The name derives from the [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] language and translates as "the height of the poisonous plant" - in reference to the former abundance at the locality (around a century ago) of the poisonous plants ''[[Aconitum ferox]]'' and certain [[Rhododendron]] species. So great was the danger of fatal poisoning to sheep and cattle being driven through the area that they had to be [[Muzzle (mouth guard)|muzzled]] to prevent them grazing/browsing upon these toxic species (''Aconitum ferox'' has a good claim to being the most poisonous plant species in the world).<ref>Rai, Lalitkumar and Sharma, Eklabyar ''Medicinal Plants of the Sikkim Himalaya: Status, Uses and Potential'', pub. Govind Ballabh Pant Inst. Bishen Singh & Mahendra Pal Singh 1994 pps 25-7.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.herbcyclopedia.com/item/aconitum-ferox-the-strongest-poisonous-plant-2 |title=Aconitum Ferox Monkshood Strongest Poisonous Plant |access-date=2016-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604061053/http://www.herbcyclopedia.com/item/aconitum-ferox-the-strongest-poisonous-plant-2 |archive-date=2016-06-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The name derives from the [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] language and translates as "the height of the poisonous plant" - in reference to the former abundance at the locality (around a century ago) of the poisonous plants ''[[Aconitum ferox]]'' and certain [[Rhododendron]] species. So great was the danger of fatal poisoning to sheep and cattle being driven through the area that they had to be [[Muzzle (mouth guard)|muzzled]] to prevent them grazing/browsing upon these toxic species (''Aconitum ferox'' has a good claim to being the most poisonous plant species in the world).<ref>Rai, Lalitkumar and Sharma, Eklabyar ''Medicinal Plants of the Sikkim Himalaya: Status, Uses and Potential'', pub. Govind Ballabh Pant Inst. Bishen Singh & Mahendra Pal Singh 1994 pps 25-7.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.herbcyclopedia.com/item/aconitum-ferox-the-strongest-poisonous-plant-2 |title=Aconitum Ferox Monkshood Strongest Poisonous Plant |access-date=2016-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604061053/http://www.herbcyclopedia.com/item/aconitum-ferox-the-strongest-poisonous-plant-2 |archive-date=2016-06-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:From Sandakphu trek.jpg|alt=Sandakphu the highest area of West Bengal.Darjeeling Himalaya.Aahl nearby Sandakphu|left|thumb|308x308px|Sunrise on Mt. Kanchendzonga from Aahl near Sandakphu or Sandakpur]]


==Trekking==
==Trekking==


=== India ===
=== India ===
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=250| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|27|5|0|N|88|12|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places and tea estates in the north-western portion of Darjeeling Sadar subdivision (including Darjeeling Pulbazar CD block) in Darjeeling district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, H: hill centre, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate, TA: tourist attraction<br/>Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|27|3|50|N|88|12|25|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Chongtong TG| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Chongtong Tea Garden]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|27|4|50|N|88|17|58|E}}| label-pos2=left|label2=Ging TG| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Ging Tea Garden]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|27|3|5|N|88|13|43|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Singtam TG| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Singtam Tea Garden]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|27|6|25|N|88|19|0|E}}| label-pos4= right|label4=Badamtam TE| numbered4=TE| mark-title4= [[Badamtam Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color4=#87A96B
|mark-coord5={{coord|27|1|25|N|88|15|10|E}}| label-pos5=right |label5=Darjeeling| numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Darjeeling]] (M)| shape-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|27|4|35|N|88|11|30|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6=Bijanbari| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Bijanbari]] (R)| shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|27|6|45|N|88|6|30|E}}| label-pos7=bottom|label7=Lodhoma| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Lodhoma]] (R)| shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|27|4|0|N|88|16|34|E}}| label-pos8= right |label8= Puttabong TE | numbered8=TE| mark-title8= [[Puttabong Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color8=#87A96B
|mark-coord9={{coord|27|7|35|N|88|6|25|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Rimbick| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Rimbick]] (R)| shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|27|2|55|N|88|15|27|E}}| label-pos10=right|label10=Tukvar TG| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Tukvar Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|27|7|10|N|88|18|5|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Singla TG| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Singla Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|27|5|25|N|88|13|40|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Soom TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Soom Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|27|2|20|N|88|12|50|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Rishihat TG| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Rishihat Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|27|1|25|N|88|14|8|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Orange Valley TG| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Orange Valley Tea Garden]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|27|0|10|N|88|6|25|E}}| label-pos15=bottom|label15=Manebhanjyang| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Manebhanjyang, Darjeeling]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|27|1|50|N|88|5|10|E}}| label-pos16=top|label16=Tonglu| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Tonglu, West Bengal]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|27|0|40|N|88|14|47|E}}| label-pos17=right|label17=Ghum| numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[Ghum, West Bengal]] (N)| shape-color17=#E97451
|mark-coord18={{coord|27|6|30|N|88|0|0|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18=Sandakphu| numbered18=H| mark-title18= Sandakphu (H)|shape-color18=black| label-size18=13|label-color18=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors -->
|mark-coord19={{coord|27|12|30|N|88|1|30|E}}| label-pos19=right|label19=Phalut| numbered19=H| mark-title19= [[Phalut]] (H)| shape-color19=#87410E
|mark-coord20={{coord|27|5|35|N|88|2|40|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Singalila |labela20= National|labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[Singalila National Park]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22
|mark-coord21={{coord|27|6|20|N|88|16|3|E}}| label-pos21=left|label21=North Tukvar TE| numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[North Tukvar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B
|mark-coord22={{coord|27|5|40|N|88|16|50|E}}| label-pos22=right|label22=Phoobsering TE| numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[Phoobsering Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B
|mark-coord23={{coord|26|59|45|N|88|16|42|E}}| label-pos23=right|label23=Tiger Hill| numbered23=H| mark-title23= [[Tiger Hill, Darjeeling]] (H)| shape-color23=#87410E
|mark-coord24={{coord|27|0|40|N|88|13|1|E}}| label-pos24=left|label24=Rock Garden| numbered24=TA| mark-title24= [[Rock Garden, Darjeeling]] (TA)| shape-color24=#228B22
|mark-coord25={{coord|26|59|20|N|88|15|54|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=Senchel |labela25= Wildlife Sanctuary| numbered25=NP| mark-title25= [[Senchel Wildlife Sancturay]] (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22
|mark-coord26={{coord|27|9|0|N|88|2|29|E}}|label26=Singalila Ridge| label-angle26=-70| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|27|9|20|N|88|10|0|E}}|label27=Rangeet| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=70| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|27|7|1|N|88|12|0|E}}|label28= River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=7| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|27|7|0|N|88|7|50|E}}|label29= Rammam|labela29=River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=15| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title329 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|27|10|57|N|88|11|50|E}}|arc-textA= SIKKIM| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-161| arc-gapA=-4| arc-radiusA=0.7
|arc-coordB={{coord|27|1|0|N|87|59|0|E}}|arc-textB= NEPAL| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=40| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4
}}

The trek along the Singalila Ridge to Sandakphu and [[Phalut]] is one of the most popular in the [[Eastern Himalaya]]s, owing not only to the stupendous vistas of the Kangchenjunga and Everest ranges which it affords, but also to its seasonal wildflowers and opportunities for [[birdwatching]]. Treks begin at [[Manebhanjan]] which is 28&nbsp;km (approx. 1 hour by road) from Darjeeling.<ref>[http://darjeeling.gov.in/treak.html/ , ''Sandakphu'', Trek to Sandakphu, 1 August 2015] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821055516/http://darjeeling.gov.in/treak.html |date=21 August 2015 }}</ref>
The trek along the Singalila Ridge to Sandakphu and [[Phalut]] is one of the most popular in the [[Eastern Himalaya]]s, owing not only to the stupendous vistas of the Kangchenjunga and Everest ranges which it affords, but also to its seasonal wildflowers and opportunities for [[birdwatching]]. Treks begin at [[Manebhanjan]] which is 28&nbsp;km (approx. 1 hour by road) from Darjeeling.<ref>[http://darjeeling.gov.in/treak.html/ , ''Sandakphu'', Trek to Sandakphu, 1 August 2015] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821055516/http://darjeeling.gov.in/treak.html |date=21 August 2015 }}</ref>


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'''Panorama of Peaks seen from Sandakphu and Phalut'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://himalayanhigh.in/sandakphu-phalut-trek|title=SANDAKPHU PHALUT TREK}}</ref>
'''Panorama of Peaks seen from Sandakphu and Phalut'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://himalayanhigh.in/sandakphu-phalut-trek|title=SANDAKPHU PHALUT TREK}}</ref>


[[Baruntse]] (7220m), [[Chamlang]] (7319m), [[Chomo Lonzo]] (7818m), Lhotse (8516m), Makalu (8462m), Mount Everest (8848m), Nuptse (7861m), Kanchenjunga (8586m), Talung (7349m), Rathong (6679m), Kabru N (7353m), Koktang (6147m), Simvo (6812m), Frey (5853m), Kabru S (7318m), Kabru Dome (6600m), Kabru Forked (6100m), [[Mount Pandim|Pandim]] (6691m), Tenchenkhang (6010m), Jupono (5650m)
[[Baruntse]] (7220m), [[Chamlang]] (7319m), [[Chomo Lonzo]] (7818m), Lhotse (8516m), Makalu (8462m), Mount Everest (8848m), [[Nuptse]] (7861m), Kanchenjunga (8586m), Talung (7349m), Rathong (6679m), Kabru N (7353m), Koktang (6147m), Simvo (6812m), Frey (5853m), Kabru S (7318m), Kabru Dome (6600m), Kabru Forked (6100m), [[Mount Pandim|Pandim]] (6691m), Tenchenkhang (6010m), Jupono (5650m)


'''Villages At Glance:''' Gorkhey, Bhareng, Gairibas, Meghma, Maneybhanjyang, Rammam, Srikhola, Sepi, Molley, Gurdum <ref name=":0" />
'''Villages At Glance:''' Gorkhey, Bhareng, Gairibas, Meghma, Maneybhanjyang, Rammam, Srikhola, Sepi, Molley, Gurdum <ref name=":0" />
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==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
<gallery mode="packed">
File:From Sandakphu trek.jpg|Sunrise on Mt. Kanchendzonga from Aahl near Sandakphu or Sandakpur
File:Kanchendzonga from sandakaphu.jpg|Singalila Range and [[Kangchenjunga|Kanchenjungha]] seen from Sandakpur
File:Kanchendzonga from sandakaphu.jpg|Singalila Range and [[Kangchenjunga|Kanchenjungha]] seen from Sandakpur
File:Sandakphu panorama.jpg|A panoramic view of Sandakpur.
File:Sandakphu panorama.jpg|A panoramic view of Sandakpur.

Latest revision as of 09:17, 21 December 2024

Sandakphu
View from Sandakphu in Darjeeling West Bengal
Highest point
Elevation3,636 m (11,929 ft)[1]
Prominence356 m (1,168 ft)[1]
ListingList of Indian states and territories by highest point
Coordinates27°6′21″N 88°0′6″E / 27.10583°N 88.00167°E / 27.10583; 88.00167[2]
Geography
Sandakphu is located in West Bengal
Sandakphu
Sandakphu
Location of Sandakphu peak
Map
About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
8km
5miles
S
I
K
K
I
M
N
E
P
A
L
Rammam
River
River
Rangeet
Singalila Ridge
P
Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary (NP)
T
Rock Garden, Darjeeling (T)
H
Tiger Hill, Darjeeling (H)
E
Phoobsering Tea Estate (TE)
E
North Tukvar Tea Estate (TE)
P
Singalila National Park (NP)
Phalut
H
Phalut (H)
Sandakphu
H
Ghum
N
Ghum, West Bengal (N)
R
Tonglu, West Bengal (R)
R
Manebhanjyang, Darjeeling (R)
R
Orange Valley Tea Garden (R)
R
Rishihat Tea Garden (R)
R
Soom Tea Garden (R)
R
Singla Tea Garden (R)
R
Tukvar Tea Garden (R)
R
Rimbick (R)
E
Puttabong Tea Estate (TE)
R
Lodhoma (R)
R
Bijanbari (R)
Darjeeling
M
Darjeeling (M)
E
Badamtam Tea Estate (TE)
C
Singtam Tea Garden (census town)
C
Ging Tea Garden (census town)
C
Chongtong Tea Garden (census town)
Places and tea estates in the north-western portion of Darjeeling Sadar subdivision (including Darjeeling Pulbazar CD block) in Darjeeling district. Key:
C: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, H: hill centre, P: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, T: tourist attraction
Abbreviations used in names – G for Tea Garden (town/village), E for Tea Estate
Mouse over shows names of tea estates. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the locations in the larger map on click through may vary slightly.
Location of Sandakphu peak
LocationDarjeeling district, West Bengal, India;
Ilam District, Koshi Province, Nepal
Parent rangeSingalila Ridge
Topo mapGoogle topographic map[3]
Climbing
Easiest routeHiking or by car
Panorama of the Kanchenjunga
The Sleeping Buddha

Sandakphu or Sandakpur at 3,636 m (11,929 ft)[1] is a mountain peak in the Singalila Ridge on the border between India and Nepal. It is the highest point of the ridge and of the state of West Bengal, India. The peak is located at the edge of the Singalila National Park and has a small village on the summit with a few hotels. Four of the five highest peaks in the world, Everest, Kangchenjunga, Lhotse and Makalu can be seen from its summit. It also affords a pristine view of the entire Kangchenjunga Range. Sandakphu is also known as the land of poisonous flowers.

Etymology

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The name derives from the Tibeto-Burman Lepcha language and translates as "the height of the poisonous plant" - in reference to the former abundance at the locality (around a century ago) of the poisonous plants Aconitum ferox and certain Rhododendron species. So great was the danger of fatal poisoning to sheep and cattle being driven through the area that they had to be muzzled to prevent them grazing/browsing upon these toxic species (Aconitum ferox has a good claim to being the most poisonous plant species in the world).[4][5]

Trekking

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India

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The trek along the Singalila Ridge to Sandakphu and Phalut is one of the most popular in the Eastern Himalayas, owing not only to the stupendous vistas of the Kangchenjunga and Everest ranges which it affords, but also to its seasonal wildflowers and opportunities for birdwatching. Treks begin at Manebhanjan which is 28 km (approx. 1 hour by road) from Darjeeling.[6]

Ascent

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The Sandakphu Trekking routes inside the Singalila National Park have four legs or stages.

  • Manebhanjan to Meghma (2600 m): This is a 4-hour trek through the lower forest. The route goes via Chitre.
  • Meghma to Gairibans (2621 m): There are two alternative trekking routes. They respectively go via Tonglu (3070 m) and Tumling (2900 m). From Tumling, a shorter trail cuts through Nepal and Jaubari (2750 m). Jaubari is ward no 07 of jamuna VDC ilam.
  • Gairibans to Sandakphu (3636 m):
  • Sandakphu to Phalut (3600 m): It is a one-day trek via Sabarkum (3536 m) covering 21 km.

Descent

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  • Retracing the way back to Manebhanjan.
  • A steep descent to the village of Sirikhola on the banks of the River Sirikhola, via Gurdum (2300 m), and from there to Rimbick.

Panorama of Peaks seen from Sandakphu and Phalut[7]

Baruntse (7220m), Chamlang (7319m), Chomo Lonzo (7818m), Lhotse (8516m), Makalu (8462m), Mount Everest (8848m), Nuptse (7861m), Kanchenjunga (8586m), Talung (7349m), Rathong (6679m), Kabru N (7353m), Koktang (6147m), Simvo (6812m), Frey (5853m), Kabru S (7318m), Kabru Dome (6600m), Kabru Forked (6100m), Pandim (6691m), Tenchenkhang (6010m), Jupono (5650m)

Villages At Glance: Gorkhey, Bhareng, Gairibas, Meghma, Maneybhanjyang, Rammam, Srikhola, Sepi, Molley, Gurdum [7]

Nepal

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The western part of Sandakphu peak is located in Sandakpur rural municipality (ward no. 2 & 4) of Ilam District of Province No. 1.

The trekking starts from Ilam Bazar via Maipokhari, Maimajhuwa, Mabu, Kala Pokhri Bikhe Bhyanjyang to Sandakpur, and also from Ilam Bazar via Sulubung, Jamuna, Hangetham (a special area for birds such as the spiny babbler and blue tit), Piple, Kalipokhari, Bikhe Vanjyang to Sandakpur. On this trekking route, Jamuna is most valuable for trekkers. There are many beautiful places like Dhap Pokhari, Choyatar (special area for red pandas). There is a three jungle Hile Samudayik Ban, Choyatar Samudayik Ban, Hangetham Samudayik Ban.[clarification needed]

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Sandakphu, India". Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  2. ^ Sandakphu Top - Wikimapia
  3. ^ Google topographic map
  4. ^ Rai, Lalitkumar and Sharma, Eklabyar Medicinal Plants of the Sikkim Himalaya: Status, Uses and Potential, pub. Govind Ballabh Pant Inst. Bishen Singh & Mahendra Pal Singh 1994 pps 25-7.
  5. ^ "Aconitum Ferox Monkshood Strongest Poisonous Plant". Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  6. ^ , Sandakphu, Trek to Sandakphu, 1 August 2015 Archived 21 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ a b "SANDAKPHU PHALUT TREK".
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