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The Shukhov Tower on the Oka River (also Dzerzhinsk High-Voltage Mast, Shukhov Oka Tower) is the world’s only diagrid hyperboloid transmission tower. It is located in Russia, in the western suburbs of Nizhny Novgorod, on the left bank of the Oka River near Dzerzhinsk (about 12 km away from the city center, near Dachny village). The tower is one of several structures designed by Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Shukhov; its power lines, however, were decommissioned in 1989.

History

The Shukhov Tower was a part of a 110kV three-phase AC transmission line crossing the Oka River commissioned between 1927 and 1929. For the Oka River crossing, six hyperboloid pylons (three for each power-line) were built: a 20-metre (66 ft) tall anchor pylon, a 68-metre (223 ft) tall crossing pylon on the hillier south shore, and a 128-metre (420 ft) tall crossing pylon on the lower terrain of the north shore.

In 1989, the power line was rerouted and the 20 and 68 metre pylons were dismantled. The 128 metre pylons were left intact as a monument. Today, only one of the 128-metre pylons stands as the other was illegally demolished^[1] for steel scrap in May 2005.

Structure

The Shukhov Tower consists of five 25-metre (82 ft) steel lattice hyperboloid sections, stacked on top of each other. The sections are made of straight profiles, the ends of which rest against circular foundations. The tower's circular concrete foundation has a diameter of 30 metres (98 ft). The construction of the individual sections is an example of a doubly-ruled surface.

Present condition

RAO UES, Russia's electricity company, used Shukhov's unique constructions for 70 years. The existing pylon currently^[when?] requires maintenance and FGC UES is scheduled to repair it.

Partially-hyperboloid pylons of similar design can be seen near Cádiz, Spain.

References

^ p.3, «Stählerne Grazie am Strand der Oka», Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 22.06.2005

General

Elizabeth C. English, “Arkhitektura i mnimosti”: The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition”, a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.
"Vladimir G. Suchov 1853-1939. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.", Rainer Graefe und andere, 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-421-02984-9.
Jesberg, Paulgerd Die Geschichte der Bauingenieurkunst, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart (Germany), ISBN 3-421-03078-2, 1996; pp. 198–9.

External links

56°11′36″N 43°32′35″E / 56.19333°N 43.54306°E / 56.19333; 43.54306

[1] .3, «Stählerne Grazie am Strand der Oka», Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 22.06.2005

[1]

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+{{More citations needed|date=February 2019}}
-[[Image:Shukhov Oka Tower photo by Vladimir Tomilov.jpg|thumb|400px|[[Vladimir Shukhov|Shukhov]] Tower on the [[Oka River]] in the suburb of [[Nizhniy Novgorod]], [[2006]]]]
+[[Image:Shukhov Oka Tower photo by Vladimir Tomilov.jpg|thumb|300px|The only presently standing Shukhov Tower built for the power line crossing, after its twin was destroyed &ndash; 2006]]
+[[Image:Shukhov Oka Towers 1988 photo by Igor Kazus.jpg|thumb|300px|The two 128-meter towers in 1988, shortly before the power line was decommissioned a year later.]]
+The '''Shukhov Tower on the Oka River''' (also '''Dzerzhinsk High-Voltage Mast, Shukhov Oka Tower''') is the world’s only [[diagrid]] [[hyperboloid structure|hyperboloid]] [[transmission tower]].  It is located in [[Russia]], in the western suburbs of [[Nizhny Novgorod]], on the left bank of the [[Oka River]] near [[Dzerzhinsk, Russia|Dzerzhinsk]] (about 12&nbsp;km away from the city center, near Dachny village). The tower is one of several structures designed by Russian engineer and scientist [[Vladimir Shukhov]]; its power lines, however, were decommissioned in 1989.
+==History==
-'''Shukhov Tower on the Oka River''' (Dzerzhinsk High-Voltage Mast) is the world’s only surviving [[Hyperboloid structure|hyperboloid]] [[Electricity pylon|electricity pylon]].  It is located in [[Russia]], in the suburbs of [[Nizhniy Novgorod]], on the left bank of the [[Oka River]] near [[Dzerzhinsk, Russia|Dzerzhinsk]].
+The Shukhov Tower was a part of a 110kV three-phase AC [[electric power transmission|transmission line]] crossing the Oka River commissioned between 1927 and 1929.  For the Oka River crossing, six hyperboloid pylons (three for each power-line) were built:  a {{convert|20|m|ft|adj=on}} tall anchor pylon, a {{convert|68|m|ft|adj=on}} tall crossing pylon on the hillier south shore, and a {{convert|128|m|ft|adj=on}} tall crossing pylon on the lower terrain of the north shore.
+In 1989, the power line was rerouted and the 20 and 68 metre pylons were dismantled.  The 128 metre pylons were left intact as a monument.  Today, only one of the 128-metre pylons stands as the other was illegally demolished<ref>p.3, «Stählerne Grazie am Strand der Oka», Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 22.06.2005</ref> for steel scrap in May 2005.
-The tower was a part of a 110kV-powerline crossing Oka River.  Between 1927 and 1929 two parallel running 110kV-three phase AC powerlines were built there.  For the crossing of Oka River, 6 hyperbolic pylons ( for each powerline 3) was built, a 20 metre tall anchor pylon, a 68 metre tall crossing pylon on the South shore and a 128 metre tall crossing pylon on the North shore.  As the terrain on the South shore is hilly, the pylons there were lower.
+==Structure==
-In 1989 the powerline was rerouted and the 20 and 68 metre tall pylons were dismantled.  The 128 metre pylons remained as a monument.  Unfortunately today only one of the 128 metre pylons stands.  The other was illegaly scrapped to sell its iron parts.
+The Shukhov Tower consists of five {{convert|25|m|ft|adj=on}} steel lattice [[hyperboloid]] sections, stacked on top of each other.  The sections are made of straight profiles, the ends of which rest against circular foundations. The tower's circular concrete foundation has a diameter of {{convert|30|m|ft}}. The construction of the individual sections is an example of a [[ruled surface|doubly-ruled surface]].
+==Present condition==
-The tower was originally one of six designed by Russian engineer and scientist [[Vladimir Shukhov]] and built between 1927-1929.  The unique 128-meter [[tower]] served as a supporting pylon for the 120 kV NiGRES electric lines over the Oka River.  The tower-pylon consists of five 25-meter steel lattice sections, formed by single-cavity [[hyperboloid]]s of revolution. The sections of pylon are made of straight profiles, the ends of which rest against circular foundations.  The tower's circular concrete foundation has a diameter of 30 meters.
+{{Update|type=section|date=July 2011}}
+[[RAO UES]], Russia's electricity company, used Shukhov's unique constructions for 70 years. The existing pylon currently{{When|date=July 2011}} requires maintenance and [[FGC UES]] is scheduled to repair it.
+[[Pylons of Cádiz|Partially-hyperboloid pylons]] of similar design can be seen near [[Cádiz]], [[Spain]].
-The last pylon out of six constructed by Shukhov on the banks of Oka River needs repair. The "[http://www.rao-ees.ru/en/info/show.cgi?1.htm Unified Energy System]" company has been using Shukhov's unique constructions for 70 years, but today it does nothing to preserve the last remaining beautiful hyperboloid pylon.
+==See also==
-[[Pylons of Cádiz|Non-hyperboloid pylons]] of similar design can be seen near [[Cadiz]], [[Spain]].
-== See also ==
-* [[Hyperboloid structure]]
 * [[Shukhov Tower]]
+* [[List of hyperboloid structures]]
-* [[Vladimir Shukhov]]
 * [[List of towers]]
-* [[Electricity pylon]]
+* [[Zaporizhzhia Pylon Triple]]
-* [[Pylons of Cádiz]]
+==References==
-== External links ==
+{{Reflist}}
-* [http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=376304 Shukhov electricity pylons on the Oka River]
-* [http://www.shukhov.ru/deutsch.html Photos Shukhov towers on the Oka Riever]
-* [http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=125894 Photos Shukhov towers]
-* [http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0022398 Dzerzhinsk High-Voltage Masts]
-* [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/423966/ 3D model Shukhov tower on the Oka River]
-* [http://www.priebernig.at/files/v01_konstruktionform.pdf Konstruktionform. Nigres-Stromleitungsmast]
-* [http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0510374 Invention of Hyperboloid Structures]
-== References ==
+===General===
+* [http://spec.lib.vt.edu/IAWA/inventories/English.html Elizabeth C. English], [http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9989589/ “Arkhitektura i mnimosti”: The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition”], a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.
-* [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=ft1g5004bj&chunk.id=d0e122 Brumfield, William Cruft. ''The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture'',]  Berkeley, University of California Press, 1991.
+*"Vladimir G. Suchov 1853-1939. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.",  [http://www.uibk.ac.at/baugeschichte/mitarbeiter/graefe.html Rainer Graefe] und andere, 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990, {{ISBN|3-421-02984-9}}.
-* [http://spec.lib.vt.edu/IAWA/inventories/English.html Elizabeth Cooper English]:  [http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9989589/ “Arkhitektura i mnimosti”: The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition”,] a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.
+*Jesberg, Paulgerd   Die Geschichte der Bauingenieurkunst, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart (Germany), {{ISBN|3-421-03078-2}}, 1996; pp.&nbsp;198–9.
-* [http://www.uibk.ac.at/baugeschichte/mitarbeiter/graefe.html Rainer Graefe]:  [http://www.shukhov.ru/deutsch.html “Vladimir G. Šuchov 1853-1939 - Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.”], S.192, Stuttgart, DVA, [[1990]]. [http://www.tec21.ch/pdf/tec21_4120041723.pdf]
-== Photos ==
+==External links==
+{{Commons category|Shukhov Oka Towers}}
-<gallery>
-Image:Shukhov towers on Oka by Igor Kazus.jpg|Shukhov towers on the Oka River, 1989
+*[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php/Cat/0/Number/423966/ 3D model Shukhov tower on the Oka River]
+*{{Structurae|id=20022398|title=Dzerzhinsk High-Voltage Masts}}
-Image:Shukhov Oka Towers photo by Igor Kazus.jpg|Shukhov towers on the Oka River, 1989
+*[http://www.shukhov.ru/deutsch.html Photos Shukhov towers on the Oka Riever]
-Image:Shukhov Tower photo by Vladimir Tomilov.jpg| Shukhov tower on the Oka River by [[Nizhniy Novgorod]], 2006
-Image:Shukhov Tower near Nizhniy Novgorod photo by Tankist.jpg| Shukhov tower on the Oka River by [[Nizhniy Novgorod]], 2006
+*[http://www.5-tv.ru/news/details.php?newsId=6838 Video about the Shukhov tower on the Oka River]
-</gallery>
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Commons|Shukhov tower}}
+{{coord|56|11|36|N|43|32|35|E|region:RU_type:landmark_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}}
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-{{Russia-struct-stub}}
-{{coor title dms|56|13|16|N|43|31|08|E|region:RU_type:landmark_source:dewiki}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukhov Tower On The Oka River}}
+[[Category:Towers completed in 1929]]
+[[Category:Constructivist architecture]]
+[[Category:Lattice shell structures by Vladimir Shukhov]]
+[[Category:High-tech architecture]]
 [[Category:Towers in Russia]]
+[[Category:Electric power infrastructure in Russia]]
 [[Category:Pylons]]
-[[Category:powerline river crossings]]
+[[Category:Powerline river crossings]]
-[[Category:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
+[[Category:Buildings and structures in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
+[[Category:Hyperboloid structures]]
+[[Category:Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
-[[de:NIGRES-Stromleitungsmast an der Oka]]
-[[es:Torre de Shújov en el Río Oka]]
-[[fr:Tour Choukhov sur le Fleuve Oka]]
-[[hr:Šuhovljev toranj na Oci]]
-[[ru:Шуховская башня на Оке]]