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Purification is the process of rendering something pure, i.e. clean of foreign elements and/or pollution, and may refer to:

Religion

Ritual purification, the religious activity to remove uncleanliness
Purification after death
Purification of the Virgin, a Christian liturgical feast
Purification Rundown, in Scientology

Other uses

Purification (album), a 2002 Crimson Thorn album
Purification of quantum state in quantum mechanics, especially quantum information
Purification theorem in game theory and economics, a Nash equilibrium consisting of randomly mixed strategies
Water purification
- Organisms used in water purification
List of purification methods in chemistry

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+{{distinguish|Putrefaction}}
 {{wiktionarypar|purification}}
-'''Purification''' is the process of rendering something pure, i.e. clean of foreign elements and/or pollution.
+'''Purification''' is the process of rendering something pure, i.e. clean of foreign elements and/or pollution, and may refer to:
-It is relevant in three contexts:
-==Chemistry==
-Purification in a chemical context is the physical separation of a chemical substance of interest from foreign or [[contamination|contaminating]] substances.  The following list of chemical purification methods should not be considered exhaustive.
-* '''[[Filtration]]''' is a mechanical method to separate [[solid]]s from [[liquid]]s or [[gas]]es by passing the feed stream through a porous sheet such as a cloth or membrane,  which retains the solids and allows the liquid to pass through.
-* '''[[Centrifugation]]''' separates solids from liquids, or separates two immiscible liquids, on the basis of density.
-* '''[[Evaporation]]''' is used to remove volatile liquids from non-volatile [[soluble|solutes]] which cannot be done through filtration due to the small size of the substances.
-* '''[[solvent extraction|Extraction]]''' removes an impurity, or recovers a desired product, by dissolving it in a [[solvent]] in which other components of the feed material are [[Solubility|insoluble]].
-* '''[[Crystallization]]''' separates a product from a liquid feedstream, often in extremely pure form, by cooling the feedstream or adding precipitants which lower the [[solubility]] of the desired product so that it forms [[crystals]].  The pure solid crystals are then separated from the remaining liquor by filtration or centrifugation.  In analytical and synthetic chemistry work, purchased reagents of doubtful purity may be recrystallized, e.g. dissolved in a very pure solvent, then crystallized and the crystals recovered, in order to improve and/or verify their purity.
-* '''[[Adsorption]]''' removes a soluble impurity from a feedstream by trapping it on the surface of a solid material such as [[activated carbon]] which forms strong [[noncovalent]] chemical bonds with the impurity.  [[Chromatography]] employs adsorption and desorption on a packed bed of a solid to purify multiple components of a single feedstream.
-* '''[[Smelting]]''' is used to produce [[metal]]s from raw [[ore]], and involves adding [[chemical]]s to the ore and [[heating]] it up to the melting point of the metal.
-* '''[[Refining]]''' is used primarily in the [[petroleum]] industry, whereby crude oil is heated and separated into stages according to the condensation points of the various elements.
-* '''[[Distillation]]''', widely used in petroleum refining and in purification of [[ethanol]] separates volatile liquids on the basis of their boiling point.
-* '''[[Water purification]]''' combines a number of methods to produce potable or [[drinking water]]
-* '''[[Downstream processing]]''' refers to purification of chemicals, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients produced by [[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]] or synthesized by plant and animal tissues, for example [[antibiotics]], [[citric acid]], [[vitamin E]], and [[insulin]].
-* '''[[Fractionation]]''' refers to a purification strategy in which some relatively inefficient purification method is repeatedly applied to isolate the desired substance in progressively greater purity.
-* '''[[Electrolysis]]''' refers to the breakdown of substances using an electric current. This removes impurities in a substance that an electric current is run through
-==Quantum mechanics==
-In [[quantum mechanics]], especially [[quantum information]], [[purification | Purification_of_quantum_state]]  refers to the fact that every [[mixed state]] acting on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces can be viewed as the [[partial trace | reduced state]] of some pure state.
-[[purification | Purification_of_quantum_state]]
 ==Religion==
+* [[Ritual purification]], the religious activity to remove uncleanliness
-In [[religious]] context, purification can mean
+* [[Purification after death]]
-*a [[ceremonial]] or [[ritual]] [[clean]]sing, such as [[baptism]];
-*the Christian liturgical feast named [[Purification of the Virgin]].
+* [[Purification of the Virgin]], a Christian liturgical feast
-*In [[Scientology]], the [[Purification Rundown]] is a procedure that supposedly rids the body of [[toxins]].
+* [[Purification Rundown]], in Scientology
+==Other uses==
-==Game Theory/Economics==
+* [[Purification (album)|''Purification'' (album)]], a 2002 Crimson Thorn album
-In '''[[Economics]]''', a [[Nash equilibrium]] consisting of randomly [[mixed strategy | mixed strategies]] in a [[game theory | game]] can be interpreted as [[pure strategy]] equilibrium of a different game.  See [[purification theorem]]s.
+* [[Purification of quantum state]] in quantum mechanics, especially quantum information
+* [[Purification theorem]] in game theory and economics, a Nash equilibrium consisting of randomly mixed strategies
+* [[Water purification]]
+** [[Organisms used in water purification]]
+* [[List of purification methods in chemistry]]
+==See also==
-{{disambig}}
+*[[Purificación (disambiguation)]]
+*[[Purify (disambiguation)]]
+*[[Purified (disambiguation)]]
+{{disambiguation}}
-[[es:Purificación]]
+[[de:Reinigung]]