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Coordinates: 42°52′50″S 147°19′30″E / 42.88056°S 147.32500°E / -42.88056; 147.32500
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| image1 = CSIRO ScienceImage 2567 Hobart City and the Tasman Bridge Tasmania (cropped).jpg{{!}} City Centre
| image1 = Franklin Wharf 2015 b.jpg{{!}} City Centre and kunanyi / Mount Wellington
|caption1 = [[Hobart City Centre|City Centre]] and surrounds
|caption1 = [[Hobart City Centre]] and [[Mount Wellington (Tasmania)|Mount Wellington]]
| image2 = Hobart GPO from Collins Street.jpg{{!}} General Post Office
| image2 = Hobart GPO from Collins Street.jpg{{!}} General Post Office
|caption2 = [[General Post Office, Hobart|General Post Office]]
|caption2 = [[General Post Office, Hobart|General Post Office]]
| image3 = NZ7 2764 Hobart (47021917141).jpg{{!}}Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery
| image3 = Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG{{!}}Parliament House of Tasmania
|caption3 = [[Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery|Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery]]
|caption3 = [[Parliament House of Tasmania]]
| image4 = Salamanca Place, Hobart (1).jpg{{!}}Salamanca Place
| image4 = Salamanca Place, Hobart (1).jpg{{!}}Salamanca Place
|caption4 = [[Salamanca Place]]
|caption4 = [[Salamanca Place]]
| image5 = Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG{{!}}Parliament House
| image5 = Cascade Brewery 1.jpg{{!}}Cascade Brewery
|caption5 = [[Parliament House, Hobart|Parliament House]]
|caption5 = [[Cascade Brewery]]
| image6 = Rose Bay Lindisfarne Hobart Tasmania.jpg{{!}}Panorama
| image6 = James Turrell's Amarna at Mona 2015.jpg{{!}}Museum of Old and New Art
| caption6 = [[Museum of Old and New Art]]
| caption6 = Panorama; [[Tasman Bridge]], [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]], [[Mount Wellington (Tasmania)|kunanyi / Mount Wellington]]
}}
}}
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| fedgov2 = [[Division of Franklin|Franklin]]
| fedgov2 = [[Division of Franklin|Franklin]]
| fedgov3 = [[Division of Lyons|Lyons]]
| fedgov3 = [[Division of Lyons|Lyons]]
| elevation = 17
|logo=Logo of Hobart, Australia.svg| elevation = 17
| maxtemp = 17.6
|url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au| maxtemp = 17.6
| maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name="BoM"/>
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'''Hobart''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|oʊ|b|ɑːr|t||audio=En-au-Hobart.oga}} {{Respell|HOH|bart}};<ref>{{cite book |title=Macquarie ABC Dictionary |publisher=The Macquarie Library |year=2003 |page=465 |isbn=1-876429-37-2}}</ref> [[Nuenonne language|Nuennonne]]/[[palawa kani]]: ''nipaluna'') is the [[List of Australian capital cities|capital]] and most populous city of the island state of [[Tasmania]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nipaluna |url=http://tacinc.com.au/nipaluna/#:~:text=nipaluna%20is%20the%20name%20of,the%20city%20of%20Hobart%20sits.&text=This%20was%20the%20name%20known,people%20of%20the%20south%20east. |website=Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215230010/http://tacinc.com.au/nipaluna/#:~:text=nipaluna%20is%20the%20name%20of,the%20city%20of%20Hobart%20sits.&text=This%20was%20the%20name%20known,people%20of%20the%20south%20east. |url-status=live }}</ref> Located in Tasmania's south-east on the estuary of the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]], it is the southernmost capital city in Australia. Despite containing nearly half of Tasmania's population, Hobart is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-smallest by area after [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] if territories are taken into account.<ref name="ABS">{{cite web |title=Greater Hobart - 2021 Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/6GHOB |website=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |date=28 June 2022 |access-date=28 June 2022 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628045527/https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/6GHOB |url-status=live }}[[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=16 October 2017 }}</ref> Its skyline is dominated by the {{convert|1271|m|ft|adj=on}} [[Mount Wellington (Tasmania)|kunanyi / Mount Wellington]],<ref>{{cite web |title=kunanyi / Mount Wellington |url=http://www.hobartcity.com.au/Recreation/kunanyi_Mount_Wellington |website=[[Hobart City Council]] |access-date=9 June 2015 |archive-date=26 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626103257/http://www.hobartcity.com.au/Recreation/kunanyi_Mount_Wellington |url-status=live }}</ref> and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural [[Port of Hobart|port]] in the world,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antarctictasmania.com/home/hobart_gateway_to_antarctica |title=Antarctic Tasmania |date=14 August 2014 |access-date=29 August 2014 |website=[[Government of Tasmania]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006114742/http://www.antarctictasmania.com/home/hobart_gateway_to_antarctica |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mocatta |first1=Gabi |first2=Charles |last2=Rawlings-Way |first3=Meg |last3=Worby |publisher=Lonely Planet |title=Tasmania |date=2008 |location=Footscray, Vic. |isbn=9781741046915 |edition=5th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g4y3BMtG5W8C&q=hobart%20reclaimed%20land&pg=PA86 |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005094030/https://books.google.com/books?id=g4y3BMtG5W8C&q=hobart%20reclaimed%20land&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref> The metropolitan area is often referred to as '''Greater Hobart''', to differentiate it from the [[City of Hobart]], one of the seven local government areas that cover the city.{{r|ABS}} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hobartcity.com.au/Business/Economic_Profile |title=Economic Profile |website=City of Hobart |access-date=7 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030134605/http://www.hobartcity.com.au/Business/Economic_Profile |archive-date=30 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It has a mild [[oceanic climate|maritime climate]].
'''Hobart''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|oʊ|b|ɑːr|t||audio=En-au-Hobart.oga}} {{Respell|HOH|bart}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Macquarie ABC Dictionary |publisher=The Macquarie Library |year=2003 |page=465 |isbn=1-876429-37-2}}</ref>) is the [[List of Australian capital cities|capital]] and most populous city of the island state of [[Tasmania]], Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nipaluna |url=http://tacinc.com.au/nipaluna/#:~:text=nipaluna%20is%20the%20name%20of,the%20city%20of%20Hobart%20sits.&text=This%20was%20the%20name%20known,people%20of%20the%20south%20east. |website=Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215230010/http://tacinc.com.au/nipaluna/#:~:text=nipaluna%20is%20the%20name%20of,the%20city%20of%20Hobart%20sits.&text=This%20was%20the%20name%20known,people%20of%20the%20south%20east. |url-status=live }}</ref> Located in Tasmania's south-east on the estuary of the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]], it is the southernmost capital city in Australia. Despite containing nearly half of Tasmania's population, Hobart is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-smallest by population and area after [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] if territories are taken into account.<ref name="ABS">{{cite web |title=Greater Hobart - 2021 Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/6GHOB |website=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |date=28 June 2022 |access-date=28 June 2022 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628045527/https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/6GHOB |url-status=live }}[[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=16 October 2017 }}</ref> Its skyline is dominated by the {{convert|1271|m|ft|adj=on}} [[Mount Wellington (Tasmania)|kunanyi / Mount Wellington]],<ref>{{cite web |title=kunanyi / Mount Wellington |url=http://www.hobartcity.com.au/Recreation/kunanyi_Mount_Wellington |website=[[Hobart City Council]] |access-date=9 June 2015 |archive-date=26 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626103257/http://www.hobartcity.com.au/Recreation/kunanyi_Mount_Wellington |url-status=live }}</ref> and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural [[Port of Hobart|port]] in the world,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antarctictasmania.com/home/hobart_gateway_to_antarctica |title=Antarctic Tasmania |date=14 August 2014 |access-date=29 August 2014 |website=[[Government of Tasmania]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006114742/http://www.antarctictasmania.com/home/hobart_gateway_to_antarctica |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mocatta |first1=Gabi |first2=Charles |last2=Rawlings-Way |first3=Meg |last3=Worby |publisher=Lonely Planet |title=Tasmania |date=2008 |location=Footscray, Vic. |isbn=9781741046915 |edition=5th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g4y3BMtG5W8C&q=hobart%20reclaimed%20land&pg=PA86 |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005094030/https://books.google.com/books?id=g4y3BMtG5W8C&q=hobart%20reclaimed%20land&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref> The metropolitan area is often referred to as '''Greater Hobart''', to differentiate it from the [[City of Hobart]], one of the seven local government areas that cover the city.{{r|ABS}} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hobartcity.com.au/Business/Economic_Profile |title=Economic Profile |website=City of Hobart |access-date=7 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030134605/http://www.hobartcity.com.au/Business/Economic_Profile |archive-date=30 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It has a mild [[oceanic climate|maritime climate]].


The city lies on country which was known by the local [[Mouheneener]] (muwinina) people as nipaluna, a name which includes surrounding features such as kunanyi / Mount Wellington and timtumili minanya (River Derwent).<ref>{{cite web |title=nipaluna is the name of the country in which the city of Hobart sits. |website=Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre |location=Hobart |url=http://tacinc.com.au/nipaluna/ |access-date=5 May 2021 |quote=The nomenclature of Tasmanian Aborigines is not the same as that of the colonisers in that geographical features, like rivers and mountains and so on, are all part of country, and while there may be specific names for those features, they are also a part of the surrounding country. The nipaluna includes geographical features such as kunanyi/Mt. Wellington and timtumili minanya (River Derwent). |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511073301/https://tacinc.com.au/nipaluna/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to British settlement, the land had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-42568/Tasmania |title=History of Tasmania |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 July 2008 |archive-date=6 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706050917/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-42568/Tasmania |url-status=live }}</ref> by [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Horton |editor-first=David |date=1994 |title=The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia |location=Canberra |publisher=Aboriginal Studies Press}} (See: Vol. 2, pp.1008–10 [with map]; individual tribal entries; and the 'Further reading' section on pp.1245–72).</ref>
The city lies on country which was known by the local [[Muwinina]] people as '''nipaluna''', a name which includes surrounding features such as kunanyi / Mount Wellington and timtumili minanya (River Derwent).<ref>{{cite web |title=nipaluna is the name of the country in which the city of Hobart sits. |website=Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre |location=Hobart |url=http://tacinc.com.au/nipaluna/ |access-date=5 May 2021 |quote=The nomenclature of Tasmanian Aborigines is not the same as that of the colonisers in that geographical features, like rivers and mountains and so on, are all part of country, and while there may be specific names for those features, they are also a part of the surrounding country. The nipaluna includes geographical features such as kunanyi/Mt. Wellington and timtumili minanya (River Derwent). |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511073301/https://tacinc.com.au/nipaluna/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to British colonisation, the land had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-42568/Tasmania |title=History of Tasmania |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 July 2008 |archive-date=6 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706050917/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-42568/Tasmania |url-status=live }}</ref> by [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Horton |editor-first=David |date=1994 |title=The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia |location=Canberra |publisher=Aboriginal Studies Press}} (See: Vol. 2, pp.1008–10 [with map]; individual tribal entries; and the 'Further reading' section on pp.1245–72).</ref>


Founded in 1804 as a British [[penal colony]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Bolt |first=Frank |date=2004 |title=The Founding of Hobart |location=Kettering, Tasmania |publisher=Peregrine Press |isbn=0-9757166-0-3}}</ref> Hobart is Australia's second-oldest capital city after [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]. [[Whaling in Australia|Whaling]] quickly emerged as a major industry in the area, and for a time Hobart served as the [[Southern Ocean]]'s main whaling port. [[Penal transportation]] ended in the 1850s, after which the city experienced periods of growth and decline. The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining, agriculture and other primary industries, and the loss of men who served in the [[world war]]s was counteracted by an influx of immigration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/6278c9b3d5dff8c6ca256c32002417ab!OpenDocument |title=Tasmanian Yearbook |date=13 September 2002 |access-date=17 July 2008 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |archive-date=31 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531063559/http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/6278c9b3d5dff8c6ca256c32002417ab!OpenDocument |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions, Hobart's population is predominantly ethnically [[Anglo-Celtic Australian|Anglo-Celtic]] and has the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia's capital cities.<ref name="Tasmanian Community Profile">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?&action=404&documentproductno=605&documenttype=Details&tabname=Details&areacode=605&issue=2006&producttype=Community%20Profiles&&producttype=Community20Profiles&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=PLD&&collection=Census&period=2006&producttype=Community%20Profiles&#Basic%20Community%20Profile |title=Tasmanian Community Profile |access-date=17 July 2008 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005094042/https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/cowsredirect#Basic%20Community%20Profile |url-status=live }}</ref>
Founded in 1804 as a British [[penal colony]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Bolt |first=Frank |date=2004 |title=The Founding of Hobart |location=Kettering, Tasmania |publisher=Peregrine Press |isbn=0-9757166-0-3}}</ref> Hobart is Australia's second-oldest capital city after [[Sydney]], New South Wales. [[Whaling in Australia|Whaling]] quickly emerged as a major industry in the area, and for a time Hobart served as the [[Southern Ocean]]'s main whaling port. [[Penal transportation]] ended in the 1850s, after which the city experienced periods of growth and decline. The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining, agriculture and other primary industries, and the loss of men who served in the [[world war]]s was counteracted by an influx of immigration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/6278c9b3d5dff8c6ca256c32002417ab!OpenDocument |title=Tasmanian Yearbook |date=13 September 2002 |access-date=17 July 2008 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |archive-date=31 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531063559/http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/6278c9b3d5dff8c6ca256c32002417ab!OpenDocument |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions, Hobart's population is predominantly ethnically [[Anglo-Celtic Australian|Anglo-Celtic]] and has the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia's capital cities.<ref name="Tasmanian Community Profile">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?&action=404&documentproductno=605&documenttype=Details&tabname=Details&areacode=605&issue=2006&producttype=Community%20Profiles&&producttype=Community20Profiles&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=PLD&&collection=Census&period=2006&producttype=Community%20Profiles&#Basic%20Community%20Profile |title=Tasmanian Community Profile |access-date=17 July 2008 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005094042/https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/cowsredirect#Basic%20Community%20Profile |url-status=live }}</ref>


Today, Hobart is the financial and administrative hub of Tasmania, serving as the home port for both Australian and French [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] operations and acting as a tourist destination, with over 1.192&nbsp;million visitors in 2011–12,<ref>{{cite web |title=Regional Overview |url=http://tra.gov.au/documents/srr/Regional_Profiles_2012-13.xlsx |website=Tourism Research Australia |access-date=7 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311021352/http://tra.gov.au/documents/srr/Regional_Profiles_2012-13.xlsx |archive-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and 924,000 during 2022–23.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmanian Tourism Snapshot |url=https://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/siteassets/documents/visitor-snapshots/2022-12---tasmanian-tourism-snapshot---ye-september-2022.pdf |website=Tourism Tasmania |access-date=2 August 2023 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804030744/https://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/siteassets/documents/visitor-snapshots/2022-12---tasmanian-tourism-snapshot---ye-september-2022.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Well-known drawcards include its convict-era architecture, [[Salamanca Market]] and the [[Museum of Old and New Art]] (MONA), the Southern Hemisphere's largest private museum.
Today, Hobart is the financial and administrative hub of Tasmania, serving as the home port for both Australian and French [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] operations and acting as a tourist destination.<ref>{{cite web |title=Regional Overview |url=http://tra.gov.au/documents/srr/Regional_Profiles_2012-13.xlsx |website=Tourism Research Australia |access-date=7 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311021352/http://tra.gov.au/documents/srr/Regional_Profiles_2012-13.xlsx |archive-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmanian Tourism Snapshot |url=https://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/siteassets/documents/visitor-snapshots/2022-12---tasmanian-tourism-snapshot---ye-september-2022.pdf |website=Tourism Tasmania |access-date=2 August 2023 |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804030744/https://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/siteassets/documents/visitor-snapshots/2022-12---tasmanian-tourism-snapshot---ye-september-2022.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Well-known drawcards include its convict-era architecture, [[Salamanca Market]] and the [[Museum of Old and New Art]] (MONA), the Southern Hemisphere's largest private museum.


==Name==
==Name==
In 1804, the settlement was named ''Hobart Town'' or ''Hobarton'' by the first Lt-governor [[David Collins (lieutenant governor)|David Collins]] after then [[British Secretary of State]] for war and the colonies [[Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire|Lord Hobart]] (a variant of Hubert, his name was pronounced with emphasis on the second syllable) at [[Sullivans Cove]] (named after the under-secretary). Earlier in 1793, [[Risdon Cove]] was named after the second officer on the ship ''Duke of Clarence'' by the captain [[John Hayes (explorer)|John Hayes]], and the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|river]] after the [[River Derwent, Cumbria]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raabus |first1=Carol |title=What's in a name? A brief history of Tasmania's changing place names |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-25/history-of-place-names-in-tasmania/9570242 |access-date=28 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=25 March 2018}}</ref> (which was also briefly known as ''La Rivière du Nord'' by [[D'Entrecasteaux|Bruni D'Entrecasteaux]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Derwent |url=https://www.derwentestuary.org.au/history-of-the-derwent/ |website=Derwent Estuary Program |access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref> The city was named the singular ''Hobart'' in 1881.
In 1804, the settlement was named ''Hobart Town'' or ''Hobarton'' by the first Lt-governor [[David Collins (lieutenant governor)|David Collins]] after then [[British Secretary of State]] for war and the colonies [[Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire|Lord Hobart]] (a variant of Hubert, his name was pronounced with emphasis on the second syllable) at [[Sullivans Cove]] (named after the under-secretary). Earlier in 1793, [[Risdon Cove]] was named after the second officer on the ship ''Duke of Clarence'' by the captain [[John Hayes (explorer)|John Hayes]], and the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|river]] after the [[River Derwent, Cumbria]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raabus |first1=Carol |title=What's in a name? A brief history of Tasmania's changing place names |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-25/history-of-place-names-in-tasmania/9570242 |access-date=28 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=25 March 2018}}</ref> (also briefly named by [[D'Entrecasteaux|Bruni D'Entrecasteaux]] as ''La Rivière du Nord''<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Derwent |url=https://www.derwentestuary.org.au/history-of-the-derwent/ |website=Derwent Estuary Program |access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref>). The city was named the singular ''Hobart'' in 1881, and an inhabitant is known as a ''Hobartian''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rigozzi |first1=Leigh |title=Tales of Hobartian Life |date=2004}}</ref>


Though the city is not officially [[dual-named]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shine |first1=Rhiannon |title=Hobart should adopt dual Aboriginal name nipaluna passed on by leader Wurati, community says |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-30/hobart-aboriginal-name-suggested-as-nipaluna/9815422 |access-date=28 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=30 May 2018}}</ref> the country on the western shore where the city is located has the [[Palawa kani]] name ''nipaluna'' which was originally documented on 16 January 1831 by [[George Augustus Robinson]] (as ''nibberloonne'', later ''niberlooner'') when he was told by Wurati, a [[Bruny Island Tasmanian language|Nununi]] chief from [[Bruny Island]] who spoke five dialects. Though the island is offshore, the language is related and in the same [[Eastern Tasmanian languages|language family]] with the [[Southeastern Tasmanian language]] which the local [[Mouheneener|Muwinina]] people spoke. Another recorded name was an [[Paredarerme language|Oyster Bay]] word ''lebralawaggena'' ([[William Bedford (chaplain)|Bedford]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plomley |first1=N.J.B. |title=Tasmanian aboriginal place names |date=1992 |publisher=Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery |location=Launceston, Tas. |pages=98 |edition=Occasional paper no. 3 |url=https://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/files/assets/qvmag/library/publications/occasional/tas-aborig-place-names.pdf |access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref>
Though the city is not officially [[dual-named]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shine |first1=Rhiannon |title=Hobart should adopt dual Aboriginal name nipaluna passed on by leader Woureddy, community says |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-30/hobart-aboriginal-name-suggested-as-nipaluna/9815422 |access-date=28 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=30 May 2018}}</ref> the 'saltwater country'<ref>{{cite web |title=ngayapi niyakara (born to dream) |url=https://constanceari.org/ngayapi-niyakara-born-to-dream |website=Constance ARI |access-date=13 July 2024}}</ref> of the western shore where the city is located has the [[Palawa kani]] name ''nipaluna'' which was originally documented on 16 January 1831 by [[George Augustus Robinson]] (as ''nibberloonne'', later ''niberlooner'') when he was told by [[Woureddy]], a [[Bruny Island Tasmanian language|Nununi]] chief from [[Bruny Island]] who spoke five dialects. Though the island is offshore, the language is related and in the same [[Eastern Tasmanian languages|family]] as the [[Southeastern Tasmanian language]] which the local [[Mouheneener|Muwinina]] people spoke. Another recorded name was an [[Paredarerme language|Oyster Bay]] word ''lebralawaggena'' ([[William Bedford (chaplain)|Bedford]]).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plomley |first1=N.J.B. |title=Tasmanian aboriginal place names |date=1992 |publisher=Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery |location=Launceston, Tas. |pages=98 |edition=Occasional paper no. 3 |url=https://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/files/assets/qvmag/library/publications/occasional/tas-aborig-place-names.pdf |access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref>


A semi-permanent settlement at Little Sandy Bay was called ''[[Long Beach, Tasmania|kriwa]]'' beneath the hill of ''[[Mount Nelson, Tasmania|kriwalayti]]'', while ''[[kunanyi]]'' is the name of the mountain. The dividing line of the region is the ''timtumili minanya'' (river), which winds its way down from the [[Lake St Clair (Tasmania)|centre of the island]] through the lands of the [[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Big River|Big River]] (Lemerina) people. On the eastern shore, the name for the [[Clarence Plains]] was known as ''naniyilipata'' by the Mumirimina (a group of the Oyster Bay (Poredareme) people). [[Tranmere, Tasmania|Droughty Point]] was known as ''trumanyapayna'' (kangaroo point) as it was a hunting ground, and [[South Arm, Tasmania|South Arm]] as ''mutatayna''. Later names by the [[Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre|TAC]] include ''piyura kitina'' (little [[Tasmanian nativehen|native hens]]) at [[Shag Bay|Risdon Cove]] and ''turikina truwala'' (mountain waterfall) on the Myrtle Gully Falls track.<ref>{{cite web |title=pulingina to lutruwita place names map |url=https://tacinc.com.au/pulingina-to-lutruwita-place-names-map/ |website=Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre |access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref>
A semi-permanent settlement at Little Sandy Bay was called ''[[Long Beach, Tasmania|kriwa]]'' beneath the hill of ''[[Mount Nelson, Tasmania|kriwalayti]]''. The dividing line of the region is the ''timtumili minanya'' (river), which winds its way down from the [[Lake St Clair (Tasmania)|centre]] of the island through the lands of the [[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Big River|Big River]] (Lemerina) people. On the eastern shore, the name for the [[Clarence Plains]] was known as ''naniyilipata'' by the Mumirimina, a group of the Oyster Bay (Poredareme) people. [[Tranmere, Tasmania|Droughty Point]] was known as ''trumanyapayna'' (kangaroo point) as it was a hunting ground, and [[South Arm, Tasmania|South Arm]] as ''mutatayna''. Later names by the [[Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre|TAC]] include ''piyura kitina'' (little [[Tasmanian nativehen|native hens]]) at [[Shag Bay|Risdon Cove]] and ''turikina truwala'' (mountain waterfall) on the Myrtle Gully Falls track.<ref>{{cite web |title=pulingina to lutruwita place names map |url=https://tacinc.com.au/pulingina-to-lutruwita-place-names-map/ |website=Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre |access-date=28 June 2024}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{Main|History of Hobart}}
{{Main|History of Hobart}}
[[File:John Glover - Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|300px|[[John Glover (artist)|John Glover]]'s 1834 painting ''Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point'' depicts [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]] dancing in the foreground|left]]
The first European settlement began in 1803 as a military camp at [[Risdon Cove]] on the eastern shores of the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]], amid British concerns over the presence of [[Baudin expedition to Australia|French explorers]]. It was the site of the [[1804 Risdon Cove massacre]]. Later that year, along with the military, settlers and convicts from the abandoned [[Port Phillip]] settlement, the camp at Risdon Cove was moved by Captain David Collins to a better location at the present site of Hobart at [[Sullivans Cove]].
The first European settlement began in 1803 as a military camp at [[Risdon Cove]] on the eastern shores of the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]], amid British concerns over the presence of [[Baudin expedition to Australia|French explorers]]. It was the site of the [[1804 Risdon Cove massacre]]. Later that year, along with the military, settlers and convicts from the abandoned [[Port Phillip]] settlement, the camp at Risdon Cove was moved by Captain David Collins to a better location at the present site of Hobart at [[Sullivans Cove]].
[[File:A View of Hobart, Tasmania by Charles Emilius Gold.tif|left|thumb|''A View of Hobart, Tasmania'' - [[Charles Emilius Gold]], 1846]]


The area's [[Aboriginal Tasmanian|Indigenous inhabitants]] were members of the semi-nomadic ''Mouheneener'' tribe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ha/So&Sessionals.htm |title=House of Assembly Standing Orders |website=Parliament of Tasmania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930220233/http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ha/So&Sessionals.htm |archive-date=30 September 2008 |quote=We acknowledge the traditional people of the land upon which we meet today, the [[Aboriginal Tasmanian|Mouheneener people]].}}</ref> Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, dramatically reduced the Aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the [[convict]] population. In 1832, four years after [[Black War#Martial law, November 1828|martial law]] had been declared, 26 people, including [[Tongerlongeter]] (Tukalunginta) and [[Montpelliatta]] (Muntipiliyata) of the combined ''[[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Big River|Big River]]'' and ''[[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Oyster_Bay (Paredarerme)|Oyster Bay]]'' nations, surrendered to [[G. A. Robinson]]'s "friendly mission" and were marched into Hobart to negotiate a truce with Governor [[George Arthur]]. They were forcibly exiled ten days later to [[Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment|Flinders Island]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reynolds |first1=Henry |last2=Clements |first2=Nicholas |title=Tongerlongeter |date=2021 |publisher=NewSouth |location=Sydney |isbn=9781742237770}}</ref>
The area's [[Aboriginal Tasmanian|Indigenous inhabitants]] were members of the semi-nomadic ''Mouheneener'' tribe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ha/So&Sessionals.htm |title=House of Assembly Standing Orders |website=Parliament of Tasmania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930220233/http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ha/So&Sessionals.htm |archive-date=30 September 2008 |quote=We acknowledge the traditional people of the land upon which we meet today, the [[Aboriginal Tasmanian|Mouheneener people]].}}</ref> Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, dramatically reduced the Aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the [[convict]] population. In 1832, four years after [[Black War#Martial law, November 1828|martial law]] had been declared, 26 people, including [[Tongerlongeter]] (Tukalunginta) and [[Montpelliatta]] (Muntipiliyata) of the combined ''[[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Big River|Big River]]'' and ''[[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Oyster Bay (Paredarerme)|Oyster Bay]]'' nations, surrendered to [[G. A. Robinson]]'s "friendly mission" and were marched into Hobart to negotiate a truce with Governor [[George Arthur]]. They were forcibly exiled ten days later to [[Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment|Flinders Island]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reynolds |first1=Henry |last2=Clements |first2=Nicholas |title=Tongerlongeter |date=2021 |publisher=NewSouth |location=Sydney |isbn=9781742237770}}</ref>

[[File:John Glover - Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|left|[[John Glover (artist)|John Glover]]'s 1834 painting ''Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point'' depicts [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]] dancing in the foreground. By this stage however, Aboriginal people had been forcibly exiled from the area following the [[Black War]].]]
[[Charles Darwin]] visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the [[HMS Beagle|''Beagle'']] expedition. He compares it to [[Sydney]] and compliments the "[[kunanyi#European history|noble forest]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Darwin in Hobart Town - February 1836 |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/exhibitions/darwin/plants.html |website=UTAS |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in ''[[The Voyage of the Beagle]]'':<blockquote>"...The lower parts of the hills which skirt the bay are cleared; and the bright yellow fields of corn, and dark green ones of potatoes, appear very luxuriant... I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania 36,505."</blockquote>


[[Charles Darwin]] visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the [[HMS Beagle|''Beagle'']] expedition. He compares it to [[Sydney]] and compliments the "[[kunanyi#European history|noble forest]]" of [[Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus|gums]] and [[Cyathea australis|ferns]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Darwin in Hobart Town - February 1836 |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/exhibitions/darwin/plants.html |website=UTAS |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in ''[[The Voyage of the Beagle]]'':<blockquote>"...The lower parts of the hills which skirt the bay are cleared; and the bright yellow fields of corn, and dark green ones of potatoes, appear very luxuriant... I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania 36,505."</blockquote>The River Derwent was one of Australia's finest deepwater ports and was the centre of South Seas [[whaling]] and [[seal hunting|sealing]] trades. The settlement rapidly grew into a major port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding.
Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from the beginning of 1881.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8991859 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury]] |location=Hobart, Tasmania |date=1 January 1881 |access-date=6 June 2012 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The [[Convicts in Australia#Cessation of transportation|post-transportation]] era saw the city shift between periods of economic uncertainty in the 1860s and 1890s: <blockquote>"...While brash Victorians talked of the future, Tasmanians nurtured memories of a more prosperous past. In the 'sixties Martineau found elderly ladies lamenting the gaiety of the old days and merchants the time when 'Hobart Town promised to be the emporium if not the metropolis of Australia'."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Henry |first1=Reynolds |title=Australian Nationalism: Tasmanian Patriotism |date=1971 |journal=James Cook University of North Queensland |pages=18-30 |url=https://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/1971/NZJH_05_1_03.pdf |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref></blockquote> However, this was mixed in with evolving politics, a greater connection with mainland Australia, tourism in the 1880s and the establishment of important cultural and social institutions including [[UTAS|The University of Tasmania]]. "When the [[Hobart Town Hall|Town Hall]] was opened in 1866 it symbolised the hope of future greatness for the city".<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/H/Hobart.htm |website=the companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> [[Mark Twain]] also visited in 1895 when he wrote "Hobart has a peculiarity—it is the neatest town that the sun shines on; and I incline to believe that it is also the cleanest."<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart - 1895 |url=https://twainsgeography.com/chapter/hobart-1895 |website=Twain's Geography |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> <!-- ''(history needed here, including penal colony, seal and whalers, postwar economic decline)'' -->[[File:Hobart - Collins Street - between Murray Street and Elizabeth Street - Carnival in the street - (c1915) (11279800593).jpg|left|thumb|A carnival on [[Collins Street, Hobart|Collins Street]] in 1915]]
[[File:A bird's-eye view of Hobart, Tasmania (15027182788).jpg|thumb|''A bird's eye view of Hobart''. The 1894 International Exhibition is visible near the future [[Hobart Cenotaph]] site]]
[[File:A bird's-eye view of Hobart, Tasmania (15027182788).jpg|thumb|''A bird's eye view of Hobart''. The 1894 International Exhibition is visible near the future [[Hobart Cenotaph]] site]]
The River Derwent was one of Australia's finest deepwater ports and was the centre of South Seas [[whaling]] and [[seal hunting|sealing]] trades. The settlement rapidly grew into a major port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding.
On 7 September 1936, one of the last known surviving [[thylacine]]s died at the [[Beaumaris Zoo]] in Hobart.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crescent |first=Lawson |title=National Museum of Australia - Extinction of thylacine |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/extinction-of-thylacine |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.nma.gov.au |language=en}}</ref>
Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from the beginning of 1881.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8991859 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury]] |location=Hobart, Tasmania |date=1 January 1881 |access-date=6 June 2012 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The [[Convicts in Australia#Cessation of transportation|post-transportation]] era saw the city shift between periods of economic uncertainty in the 1860s and 1890s: <blockquote>"...While brash Victorians talked of the future, Tasmanians nurtured memories of a more prosperous past. In the 'sixties Martineau found elderly ladies lamenting the gaiety of the old days and merchants the time when 'Hobart Town promised to be the emporium if not the metropolis of Australia'."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Henry |first1=Reynolds |title=Australian Nationalism: Tasmanian Patriotism |date=1971 |journal=James Cook University of North Queensland |pages=18–30 |url=https://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/1971/NZJH_05_1_03.pdf |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref></blockquote> However, this was mixed in with evolving politics, a greater connection with mainland Australia, tourism in the 1880s and the establishment of important cultural and social institutions including [[UTAS|The University of Tasmania]]. "When the [[Hobart Town Hall|Town Hall]] was opened in 1866 it symbolised the hope of future greatness for the city".<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/H/Hobart.htm |website=the companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> The Russian navy visited the port multiple times, which had become a leading reason for the [[Hobart coastal defences]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burgess |first1=Georgie |title=Did Hobart's network of coastal defences ever see any action? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-16/did-hobarts-coastal-defence-networks-ever-see-any-action/10354652 |access-date=3 July 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=16 October 2018}}</ref> [[Mark Twain]] also visited in 1895 when he wrote "Hobart has a peculiarity—it is the neatest town that the sun shines on; and I incline to believe that it is also the cleanest."<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart - 1895 |url=https://twainsgeography.com/chapter/hobart-1895 |website=Twain's Geography |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> <!-- ''(history needed here, including penal colony, seal and whalers, postwar economic decline)'' -->


[[File:Hobart - Collins Street - between Murray Street and Elizabeth Street - Carnival in the street - (c1915) (11279800593).jpg|left|thumb|A carnival on [[Collins Street, Hobart|Collins Street]] in 1915]]
During the mid 20th century, the state and local governments invested in building Hobart's reputation as a tourist attraction - in 1956 the Lanherne Airport (now [[Hobart International Airport]]) was opened. Australia's first legal casino, [[Wrest Point Hotel Casino]], opened in 1973. Despite these successes, Hobart faced significant challenges during the 20th century, including the [[1967 Tasmanian fires]], which claimed 64 lives in Hobart itself and destroyed over 1200 homes,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beavis |first1=Laura |title=Black Tuesday bushfires: Two more Tasmanians officially recognised as victims of 1967 blaze |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-07/black-tuesday-plaque-honouring-1967-tasmanian-bushfire-victims/8246740 |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=7 Feb 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/B/Bushfires%201967.htm |title=Bushfires 1967 |first=Roger |last=Wettenhall |website=Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407170642/https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/B/Bushfires%201967.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and the 1975 [[Tasman Bridge disaster]], when a bulk ore carrier collided with and destroyed the concrete span bridge that connected the city to its eastern suburbs.
On 7 September 1936, one of the last known surviving [[thylacine]]s died at the [[Beaumaris Zoo]] in Hobart.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crescent |first=Lawson |title=National Museum of Australia - Extinction of thylacine |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/extinction-of-thylacine |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.nma.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> During [[WW2]], the city performed drills and built shelters, with German mines found in the estuary and a Japanese scout plane flyover in 1942.<ref>{{cite web |title=Second World War |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/S/Second%20world%20war.htm |website=Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies |publisher=UTAS |access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref> While Hobart was isolated, it also contained the not insignificant [[Risdon Zinc Works|Electrolytic Zinc Company]] which was essential for ammunition production.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lehman |first1=Ros |title=Hobart streets dug up for air raid shelters as WWII threat crept further south |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-25/hobart-streets-dug-up-air-raid-shelters-ww2-bombing-threat/102214542 |access-date=3 July 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=25 April 2023}}</ref>

During the mid 20th century, the state and local governments invested in building Hobart's reputation as a tourist attraction—in 1956 the Lanherne Airport (now [[Hobart Airport]]) was opened. Australia's first legal casino, [[Wrest Point Hotel Casino]], opened in 1973. Despite these successes, Hobart faced significant challenges during the 20th century, including the [[1967 Tasmanian fires]], which claimed 64 lives in Hobart itself and destroyed over 1200 homes,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beavis |first1=Laura |title=Black Tuesday bushfires: Two more Tasmanians officially recognised as victims of 1967 blaze |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-07/black-tuesday-plaque-honouring-1967-tasmanian-bushfire-victims/8246740 |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=7 Feb 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/B/Bushfires%201967.htm |title=Bushfires 1967 |first=Roger |last=Wettenhall |website=Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407170642/https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/B/Bushfires%201967.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and the 1975 [[Tasman Bridge disaster]], when a bulk ore carrier collided with and destroyed the concrete span bridge that connected the city to its eastern suburbs.


In the 21st century, Hobart benefited as Tasmania's economy recovered from the 1990s recession, and the city's long-stagnant population growth began to reverse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rydges.com/Lonely-Planet-Travel-Guides/Hobart/history.htm |title=History information Hobart by Lonely Planet Travel Guide |date=19 October 2006 |website=Rydges Hotels & Resorts |access-date=20 February 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019204909/http://www.rydges.com/Lonely-Planet-Travel-Guides/Hobart/history.htm |archive-date=19 October 2006}}</ref> A period of significant growth has followed, including the redevelopment of the former Macquarie Point railyards, Parliament Square, and new hotel developments throughout the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=From fledgling port to tourism hub, what could be in store for Hobart's waterfront? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-27/curious-hobart-how-much-has-the-waterfront-changed/10477796 |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=ABC News |date=26 November 2018 |language=en-AU |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220074820/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-27/curious-hobart-how-much-has-the-waterfront-changed/10477796 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In the 21st century, Hobart benefited as Tasmania's economy recovered from the 1990s recession, and the city's long-stagnant population growth began to reverse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rydges.com/Lonely-Planet-Travel-Guides/Hobart/history.htm |title=History information Hobart by Lonely Planet Travel Guide |date=19 October 2006 |website=Rydges Hotels & Resorts |access-date=20 February 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019204909/http://www.rydges.com/Lonely-Planet-Travel-Guides/Hobart/history.htm |archive-date=19 October 2006}}</ref> A period of significant growth has followed, including the redevelopment of the former Macquarie Point railyards, Parliament Square, and new hotel developments throughout the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=From fledgling port to tourism hub, what could be in store for Hobart's waterfront? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-27/curious-hobart-how-much-has-the-waterfront-changed/10477796 |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=ABC News |date=26 November 2018 |language=en-AU |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220074820/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-27/curious-hobart-how-much-has-the-waterfront-changed/10477796 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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{{Further|List of Hobart suburbs}}
{{Further|List of Hobart suburbs}}
[[File:LGA Tas SE Hobart.png|thumb|The City of Hobart (green) and Greater Hobart (teal). Greater Hobart covers {{Convert|1695.5|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}, whereas the built-up urban area covers {{Convert|81|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.]]
[[File:LGA Tas SE Hobart.png|thumb|The City of Hobart (green) and Greater Hobart (teal). Greater Hobart covers {{Convert|1695.5|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}, whereas the built-up urban area covers {{Convert|81|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.]]
Hobart is located on the estuary of the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]] in the state's south-east. It is built predominantly on Jurassic [[Diabase|dolerite]] around the foothills interspersed with smaller areas of Triassic siltstone and Permian mudstone, straddling the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]]. The western side extends from the Derwent valley in the north through the flatter areas of [[City of Glenorchy|Glenorchy]] (which rests on older Triassic sediment). and into the hilly areas of New Town, Lenah Valley. Both of these areas rest on the younger Jurassic dolerite deposits, before stretching into the lower areas such as the beaches of Sandy Bay in the south, in the Derwent estuary. South of the Derwent estuary lie Storm Bay (to [[Turrakana|Turrakana / Tasman Peninsula]]) and the [[Alum Cliffs]] in [[Taroona]] between the City and [[Kingston, Tasmania|Kingston]].
Hobart is located on the estuary of the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]] in the state's south-east. It is built predominantly on Jurassic [[dolerite]] around the foothills interspersed with smaller areas of Triassic [[siltstone]] and Permian [[mudstone]], straddling the [[River Derwent (Tasmania)|River Derwent]].

The Western Shore extends from the [[Derwent Valley, Tasmania|Derwent Valley]] in the northwest through the flatter areas around [[City of Glenorchy|Glenorchy]] (which rests on older Triassic sediment) bounded by peaks averaging around {{convert|1000|m|ft}} (including [[kunanyi / Mount Wellington]], Mt Hull, Mt Faulkner and [[Dromedary, Tasmania|Mt Dromedary]]). The hilly inner areas rest on the younger Jurassic dolerite deposits, before stretching into the lower areas such as the beaches of Sandy Bay in the south, while the [[Hobart City Centre|City]] and [[Kingston, Tasmania|Kingston]] are separated by [[Tolmans Hill, Tasmania|hills]] and [[Taroona]]'s [[Alum Cliffs]]. The Derwent estuary exits into Storm Bay wrapped by the [[South Arm Peninsula]], [[Iron Pot]] and [[Betsey Island]], with [[Turrakana|Turrakana / Tasman Peninsula]] and [[Bruny Island]] beyond.


The Eastern Shore also extends from the Derwent valley in a southerly direction hugging the Meehan Range in the east before sprawling into flatter land in suburbs such as [[Bellerive, Tasmania|Bellerive]]. These flatter areas of the eastern shore rest on far younger Quaternary deposits. From there the city extends in an easterly direction through the [[Meehan Range]] into the hilly areas of Rokeby and Oakdowns, before reaching into the tidal flatland area of [[Lauderdale, Tasmania|Lauderdale]].
The Eastern Shore also extends from the Derwent in a southeasterly direction hugging the [[Meehan Range]] (which hovers around {{convert|400|m|ft}} with distinctive summits such as Mt Direction and [[Honeywood, Tasmania|Gunners Quoin]] towards the irregular valleys of [[Brighton Council (Tasmania)|Brighton]]) before sprawling into flatter land in suburbs such as Bellerive. These flatter areas of the eastern shore rest on far younger Quaternary deposits. From there the city wraps around the estuary to peninsulas and extends across the hills in an easterly direction into the valley area of [[Rokeby, Tasmania|Rokeby]], before reaching into the tidal flatland area of [[Lauderdale, Tasmania|Lauderdale]] (between [[Ralphs Bay]] and [[Frederick Henry Bay]]).


Hobart has access to a number of beach areas including those in the Derwent estuary itself; [[Long Beach, Tasmania|Long Beach]], [[Nutgrove Beach, Tasmania|Nutgrove Beach]], [[Bellerive Beach, Tasmania|Bellerive Beach]], Cornelian Bay, Kingston, and Howrah Beaches, as well as many more in [[Frederick Henry Bay]] such as [[Seven Mile Beach, Tasmania|Seven Mile]], Roaches, Cremorne, Clifton, and Goats Beaches.
Hobart has access to a number of beach areas including those in the Derwent estuary itself: [[Long Beach, Tasmania|Long Beach]], [[Nutgrove Beach, Tasmania|Nutgrove Beach]], [[Bellerive Beach, Tasmania|Bellerive Beach]], Cornelian Bay, Kingston, and Howrah Beaches, as well as many more in [[Frederick Henry Bay]] such as [[Seven Mile Beach, Tasmania|Seven Mile]], Roaches, Cremorne, Clifton and Goats Beaches.
[[File:Hobart Wide Pano (6465217029).jpg|thumb|center|700x700px|Panorama of the Hobart metropolitan area from [[Mount Stuart, Tasmania|Mount Stuart]]. In the background is [[Mount Direction (Tasmania)|Mount Direction]] with the [[Jordan River (Tasmania)|Jordan River]] valley to the left and [[Shag Bay]] to the right]]
[[File:Hobart Wide Pano (6465217029).jpg|thumb|center|700x700px|Panorama of the Hobart metropolitan area from [[Mount Stuart, Tasmania|Mount Stuart]]. In the background is Mount Direction with the [[Jordan River (Tasmania)|Jordan River]] valley to the left and [[Shag Bay]] to the right]]


===Ecology===
===Ecology===
[[File:Richea scoparia (23098905232).jpg|thumb|''[[Richea scoparia]]'' flowering on kunanyi / Mount Wellington]]
Hobart is located on the edge of the [[Tasmanian South East]] and [[Tasmanian Southern Ranges]] [[IBRA]] bioregions as well as being surrounded by parts of the [[South-east Tasmania Important Bird Area]] (such as the [[Meehan Range|Meehan]] and [[Wellington Range]]s) which provide important habitat for [[List of birds of Tasmania|Tasmanian birds]]. The [[East Risdon State Reserve]] contains the wattles [[Acacia derwentiana|Derwent cascade]] and ''[[Acacia riceana]]'', as well as the rare or endangered [[Eucalyptus risdonii|Risdon peppermint]] and ''[[Eucalyptus morrisbyi]]''. Other local plant species like [[Eucalyptus cordata|heartleaf silver gum]] and the abundant [[Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus|blue gum]] are also planted horticulturally, while many exotic species were planted as a result of aesthetic preferences from British colonisation. [[Eucalyptus amygdalina|Black peppermint]], [[Eucalyptus tenuiramis|silver peppermint]], [[Acacia dealbata|blue wattle]], [[Acacia melanoxylon|blackwood]], [[Allocasuarina verticillata|drooping sheoak]] and [[Exocarpos cupressiformis|cherry ballart]] are another common woodland combination.
Hobart is located on the edge of the [[Tasmanian South East]] and [[Tasmanian Southern Ranges]] [[IBRA]] bioregions as well as being surrounded by parts of the [[South-east Tasmania Important Bird Area]] (such as the [[Meehan Range|Meehan]] and [[Wellington Range]]s) which provide important habitat for [[List of birds of Tasmania|Tasmanian birds]]. The [[East Risdon State Reserve]] contains the wattles [[Acacia derwentiana|Derwent cascade]] and ''[[Acacia riceana]]'', as well as the rare or endangered [[Eucalyptus risdonii|Risdon peppermint]] and ''[[Eucalyptus morrisbyi]]''. Other local plant species like [[Eucalyptus cordata|heartleaf silver gum]] and the abundant [[Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus|blue gum]] are also planted horticulturally, while many exotic species were planted as a result of aesthetic preferences from British colonisation. [[Eucalyptus amygdalina|Black peppermint]], [[Eucalyptus tenuiramis|silver peppermint]], [[Acacia dealbata|blue wattle]], [[Acacia melanoxylon|blackwood]], [[Allocasuarina verticillata|drooping sheoak]] and [[Exocarpos cupressiformis|cherry ballart]] are another common woodland combination.


[[Threatened species]] of wildlife found in Hobart include the [[swift parrot]], [[grey goshawk]], [[Tasmanian masked owl]], [[eastern barred bandicoot]] and [[eastern quoll]]. These amount to 11 species of fauna, 10 of flora and 4 vegetation communities. 5 of the threatened species are [[endemic]] to Hobart.<ref>{{cite web |title=Threatened species |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/City-services/Environment/Threatened-species |website=City of Hobart |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> A common sight within the city are [[Tasmanian pademelon|pademelons]] and [[Notamacropus rufogriseus|wallabies]], and the [[Hobart Rivulet]] is home to [[platypuses]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Help protect our platypuses |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/City-services/Environment/Help-protect-our-platypuses |website=City of Hobart |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref>
[[Threatened species]] of wildlife found in Hobart include the [[swift parrot]], [[grey goshawk]], [[Tasmanian masked owl]], [[eastern barred bandicoot]] and [[eastern quoll]]. These amount to 11 species of fauna, 10 of flora and 4 vegetation communities. 5 of the threatened species are [[endemic]] to Hobart.<ref>{{cite web |title=Threatened species |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/City-services/Environment/Threatened-species |website=City of Hobart |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> A common sight within the city are [[Tasmanian pademelon|pademelons]] and [[Notamacropus rufogriseus|wallabies]], and the [[Hobart Rivulet]] is home to [[platypuses]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Help protect our platypuses |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/City-services/Environment/Help-protect-our-platypuses |website=City of Hobart |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> Wildlife groups and road safety advocates have highlighted the role of slower speeds in reducing urban roadkill and traffic injuries.<ref>{{cite web |title=What can I do? |url=https://www.bonorong.com.au/what-can-i-do |website=Bonorong Wildlife Sanctuary |access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref>


While parts of [[kunanyi|kunanyi / Mt Wellington]] have been cleared in the past (and species like [[celery top pine]] were allegedly present), stands of [[Tasmanian temperate forests|old-growth]] [[Eucalyptus viminalis|white gums]] accompanied by giant [[Eucalyptus obliqua|stringybarks]] (such as the [[Eucalyptus delegatensis|Octopus tree]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Octopus Tree |url=https://listthemountain.org/living-wonders/octopus-tree |website=List the Mountain |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> remain there. A rare patch of non-[[sclerophyll]] [[Tasmanian rainforest]] dominated by [[Nothofagus cunninghamii|myrtle beech]] and [[Atherosperma|blackheart sassafras]] is located near [[Collinsvale, Tasmania|Collinsvale]]. A famous tree within the [[Hobart City Centre|city of Hobart]] is the [[Anglesea Barracks]] blue gum which may have been a seedling before the [[History of Hobart|colonial era]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cutting |first1=Lucie |title=In a quirky artefact of past practice, this Anglesea Barracks blue gum was filled with concrete |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-09/blue-gum-at-anglesea-barracks-concrete-heart/102559148 |access-date=23 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=9 July 2023}}</ref>
While parts of [[kunanyi|kunanyi / Mt Wellington]] have been cleared in the past (and species like [[celery top pine]] were allegedly present), stands of [[Tasmanian temperate forests|old-growth]] [[Eucalyptus viminalis|white gums]] accompanied by giant [[Eucalyptus obliqua|stringybarks]] (such as the [[Eucalyptus delegatensis|Octopus tree]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Octopus Tree |url=https://listthemountain.org/living-wonders/octopus-tree |website=List the Mountain |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> remain there. A rare patch of non-[[sclerophyll]] [[Tasmanian rainforest]] dominated by [[Nothofagus cunninghamii|myrtle beech]] and [[Atherosperma|blackheart sassafras]] is located near [[Collinsvale, Tasmania|Collinsvale]]. A famous tree within the [[Hobart City Centre|city of Hobart]] is the [[Anglesea Barracks]] blue gum which may have been a seedling before the [[History of Hobart|colonial era]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cutting |first1=Lucie |title=In a quirky artefact of past practice, this Anglesea Barracks blue gum was filled with concrete |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-09/blue-gum-at-anglesea-barracks-concrete-heart/102559148 |access-date=23 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=9 July 2023}}</ref>


===Climate===
===Climate===
[[File:Hobart snow, August 2013.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Snow in Hobart in August 2013. While [[Rain and snow mixed|sleet]] is not rare in Hobart during the colder months, and many outer suburbs receive snow frequently, snow is rare in the inner suburbs.]]
[[File:Hobart-Winter wonderland (51 of 54) 2015.jpg|thumb|Snow in Hobart, 2015. While [[Rain and snow mixed|sleet]] is not rare in Hobart during the colder months, and many outer suburbs receive snow frequently, snow is rare in the inner suburbs.]]
Hobart has a mild temperate [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tapper |first1=Andrew |last2=Tapper |first2=Nigel |title=The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand |year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Melbourne, Australia |isbn=0-19-553393-3 |edition=1st |editor=Gray, Kathleen |page=300}}</ref> The highest temperature recorded was {{convert|41.8|°C}} on [[Angry Summer|4 January 2013]] and the lowest was {{convert|−2.8|°C}} on 25 June 1972 and 11 July 1981.<ref name="BoM" /> Annually, Hobart receives only 40.8 clear days without rain. Compared to other major Australian cities, Hobart has the fewest daily average hours of sunshine, with only 5.9 hours per day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/ |title=Australia's official weather forecasts & weather radar |website=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=1 March 2006 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912140134/http://www.bom.gov.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, during the summer it has the same hours of daylight of any Australian city, with 15.3 hours on the summer solstice.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sunrisesunsetmap.com/ |title=Worldwide sunrise, sunset, moonrise and moonset times for 2018 & 2019 |website=sunrisesunsetmap.com |access-date=2020-01-31 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131130323/https://sunrisesunsetmap.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By global standards, Hobart has cool summers and mild winters for its latitude, being heavily influenced by its seaside location. Nevertheless, the strong northerly winds from the Australian outback ensure that Hobart experiences temperatures above {{convert|35|C|F}} in most years.<ref name=ClimateDataOnline>{{cite web|url=https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/data/|title=Climate Data Online - Map search|publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]]|access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref> Those temperatures are very warm compared to climates on higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere with similar summer averages. Light [[frost|air frost]] occasionally happens, albeit not every year.<ref name=ClimateDataOnline/>
Hobart has a mild temperate [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''; [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Cflk'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tapper |first1=Andrew |last2=Tapper |first2=Nigel |title=The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand |year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Melbourne, Australia |isbn=0-19-553393-3 |edition=1st |editor=Gray, Kathleen |page=300}}</ref> The highest temperature recorded was {{convert|41.8|°C}} on [[Angry Summer|4 January 2013]] and the lowest was {{convert|−2.8|°C}} on 25 June 1972 and 11 July 1981.<ref name="BoM" /> Annually, Hobart receives only 40.8 clear days without rain. Compared to other major Australian cities, Hobart has the fewest daily average hours of sunshine, with only 5.9 hours per day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/ |title=Australia's official weather forecasts & weather radar |website=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=1 March 2006 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912140134/http://www.bom.gov.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, during the summer it has the most hours of daylight of any Australian city, with 15.3 hours on the summer solstice.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sunrisesunsetmap.com/ |title=Worldwide sunrise, sunset, moonrise and moonset times for 2018 & 2019 |website=sunrisesunsetmap.com |access-date=2020-01-31 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131130323/https://sunrisesunsetmap.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By global standards, Hobart has cool summers and mild winters for its latitude, being heavily influenced by its seaside location. Nevertheless, the strong northerly winds from the Australian outback ensure that Hobart experiences temperatures above {{convert|35|C|F}} in most years.<ref name=ClimateDataOnline>{{cite web|url=https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/data/|title=Climate Data Online - Map search|publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]]|access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref> Those temperatures are very warm compared to climates on higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere with similar summer averages. Light [[frost|air frost]] occasionally happens, albeit not every year.<ref name=ClimateDataOnline/>


Although Hobart itself rarely receives [[snow in Australia|snow]] during the winter due to the [[southeast Australian foehn|foehn effect]] created by the [[Central Highlands (Tasmania)|Central Highlands]] (the city's geographic position causes a [[rain shadow]]), the adjacent [[Mount Wellington (Tasmania)|kunanyi / Mount Wellington]] is frequently seen with a snowcap throughout the year. During the 20th century, the city itself has received snowfalls at sea level on average only once every 5 years; however, outer suburbs lying higher on the slopes of Mount Wellington receive snow more often, owing to the more exposed position coupled with them resting at higher altitude. These snow-bearing winds often carry on through Tasmania and [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] to the [[Snowy Mountains]] in Victoria and southern New South Wales. Nevertheless, [[Rain and snow mixed|sleet]] can occur in Hobart during the peak Tasmanian snow season (typically defined as being between May to September, with the most snowfalls in July and August).
Although Hobart itself rarely receives [[snow in Australia|snow]] during the winter due to the [[southeast Australian foehn|foehn effect]] created by the [[Central Highlands (Tasmania)|Central Highlands]] (the city's geographic position causes a [[rain shadow]]), the adjacent [[Mount Wellington (Tasmania)|kunanyi / Mount Wellington]] is frequently seen with a snowcap throughout the year. During the 20th century, the city itself has received snowfalls at sea level on average only once every 5 years; however, outer suburbs lying higher on the slopes of Mount Wellington receive snow more often, owing to the more exposed position coupled with them resting at higher altitude. These snow-bearing winds often carry on through Tasmania and [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] to the [[Snowy Mountains]] in Victoria and southern New South Wales. Nevertheless, [[Rain and snow mixed|sleet]] can occur in Hobart during the peak Tasmanian snow season (typically defined as being between May to September, with the most snowfalls in July and August).
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{{Hobart weatherbox}}
{{Hobart weatherbox}}
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = [[Hobart International Airport|Hobart Airport]] ([[Cambridge, Tasmania|Cambridge]])
| location = [[Hobart Airport]] ([[Cambridge, Tasmania|Cambridge]])
| collapsed = Yes
| collapsed = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| metric first = Yes
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==Urban structure==
==Urban structure==
[[File:Greater Hobart Panorama.jpg|thumb|1100px|Hobart area from [[Bellerive Beach, Tasmania|Bellerive Beach]]|center]]
[[File:Greater Hobart Panorama.jpg|thumb|1100px|Hobart area from [[Bellerive Beach, Tasmania|Bellerive Beach]]|center]]

===Parklands===
===Parks and nature reserves===
[[File:Strickland Falls Shadows Lifted.jpg|thumb|Strickland Falls on the upper [[Hobart Rivulet]]]]
[[File:Cenotaph and War Memorial, Hobart, Tasmania.jpg|thumb|The [[Hobart Cenotaph]], located within [[Queens Domain]]]]
Hobart has a diverse array of natural areas, parks and gardens. It is most notably defined by its large areas of [[the bush|native bushland]] owing to its location. The most prominent of these is [[Wellington Park]] which encompasses the plateau of [[kunanyi|kunanyi / Mt Wellington]] itself as well as much of the surrounding alpine woodland and dense forests. This is taken advantage of with a large number of trails for walking, hiking and mountain biking activities all across the Hobart metropolitan area, some of which follow watercourses like the [[Hobart Rivulet|Hobart Linear Park]] ([[Cascade Brewery|Cascade Gardens]]), [[Hutchins School|Lambert Park]], [[New Town Rivulet]] ([[Lady Franklin Gallery|Ancanthe Park]]) and [[Tolosa Park]], or ridgelines to viewing points in places like the [[Mount Nelson, Tasmania#Truganini Conservation Area|Truganini Conservation Area]] and Bicentennial Park.<ref>{{cite web |title=Explore the Greater Hobart area |url=https://www.greaterhobarttrails.com.au/ |website=Greater Hobart Trails |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref> The former Fern Tree Bower of ''[[Dicksonia antarctica]]'' can be visited on the Pipeline Track.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pipeline Track |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Community/Parks-sportsgrounds-and-reserves/Tracks-and-trails/Riding/Pipeline-Track |website=City of Hobart |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref>
Hobart has a diverse array of natural areas, parks and gardens. It is most notably defined by its large areas of [[the bush|native bushland]] owing to its location. The most prominent of these is [[Wellington Park]] which encompasses the plateau of [[kunanyi|kunanyi / Mt Wellington]] itself as well as much of the surrounding alpine woodland and dense forests. This is taken advantage of with a large number of trails for walking, hiking and mountain biking activities all across the Hobart metropolitan area, some of which follow watercourses like the [[Hobart Rivulet|Hobart Linear Park]] ([[Cascade Brewery|Cascade Gardens]]), [[Hutchins School|Lambert Park]], [[New Town Rivulet]] ([[Lady Franklin Gallery|Ancanthe Park]]) and [[Tolosa Park]], or ridgelines to viewing points in places like the [[Mount Nelson, Tasmania#Truganini Conservation Area|Truganini Conservation Area]] and Bicentennial Park.<ref>{{cite web |title=Explore the Greater Hobart area |url=https://www.greaterhobarttrails.com.au/ |website=Greater Hobart Trails |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref> The former Fern Tree Bower of ''[[Dicksonia antarctica]]'' can be visited on the Pipeline Track.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pipeline Track |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Community/Parks-sportsgrounds-and-reserves/Tracks-and-trails/Riding/Pipeline-Track |website=City of Hobart |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref>
[[File:Hobart from UTAS 2014.jpg|thumb|Bushland above UTAS Sandy Bay campus]]


The city also has many urban bushland areas, most prominent of which is the centrally-located [[Queens Domain]] which contains the [[Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens]] established in 1818 (which, though ringed by [[Limited-access road|expressways]], remain a highly popular destination with a variety of attractions), the [[Hobart Cenotaph]] (accessed via the Bridge of Remembrance<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE|url=https://www.architecture.com.au/awards/bridge-of-remembrance-peoples-choice-2020-tasmanian-architecture-awards |website=Australian Institute of Architects |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> and [[Hobart Regatta]] grounds which link to the [[South Line, Tasmania|Intercity Cycleway]]), the [[Railway Roundabout, Hobart|University Rose Gardens]], a number of sporting facilities (like the [[Domain Athletic Centre]] and [[Doone Kennedy Hobart Aquatic Centre]]), and formerly the [[Hobart Zoo]] (a role now taken up by [[Bonorong Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[Brighton, Tasmania|Brighton]]). Areas along the eastern shore also provide recreation, including many coastal walks to areas like [[Bellerive Beach, Tasmania|Kangaroo Bluff]] (one of many former [[Hobart coastal defences]] which are now parks) and the Kangaroo Bay Parkland<ref>{{cite web |title=Kangaroo Bay Parkland |url=https://playstreet.com.au/projects-all/kangaroo-bay-parklands/ |website=PLAYSTREET |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> (near [[Charles Hand]] Park and the [[Rosny Park|Rosny Parklands]]) in [[Bellerive, Tasmania|Bellerive]], Anzac Park and Simmons Park in [[Lindisfarne, Tasmania|Lindisfarne]], Wentworth park at [[Howrah Beach]], as well as hills within the urban area such as [[Rose Bay, Tasmania|Gordons Hill]], [[Geilston Bay, Tasmania|Natone Hill]], [[Tranmere, Tasmania|Rokeby Hills]], [[Mornington, Tasmania|Waverly Flora Park]] and the panoramic lookout at [[Rosny, Tasmania|Rosny Hill]].
The city also has many urban bushland areas, most prominent of which is the centrally-located [[Queens Domain]] which contains the [[Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens]] established in 1818 (which, though ringed by [[Limited-access road|expressways]], remain a highly popular destination with a variety of attractions), the [[Hobart Cenotaph]] (accessed via the Bridge of Remembrance<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE|url=https://www.architecture.com.au/awards/bridge-of-remembrance-peoples-choice-2020-tasmanian-architecture-awards |website=Australian Institute of Architects |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> and [[Hobart Regatta]] grounds which link to the [[South Line, Tasmania|Intercity Cycleway]]), the [[Railway Roundabout, Hobart|University Rose Gardens]], a number of sporting facilities (like the [[Domain Athletic Centre]] and [[Doone Kennedy Hobart Aquatic Centre]]), and formerly the [[Hobart Zoo]] (a role now taken up by [[Bonorong Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[Brighton, Tasmania|Brighton]]). Areas along the eastern shore also provide recreation, including many coastal walks to areas like [[Bellerive Beach, Tasmania|Kangaroo Bluff]] (one of many former [[Hobart coastal defences]] which are now parks) and the Kangaroo Bay Parkland<ref>{{cite web |title=Kangaroo Bay Parkland |url=https://playstreet.com.au/projects-all/kangaroo-bay-parklands/ |website=PLAYSTREET |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> (near [[Charles Hand]] Park and the [[Rosny Park]]lands) in [[Bellerive, Tasmania|Bellerive]], Anzac Park and Simmons Park in [[Lindisfarne, Tasmania|Lindisfarne]], Wentworth park at [[Howrah Beach]], as well as hills within the urban area such as [[Rose Bay, Tasmania|Gordons Hill]], [[Geilston Bay, Tasmania|Natone Hill]], [[Tranmere, Tasmania|Rokeby Hills]], [[Mornington, Tasmania|Waverly Flora Park]] and the panoramic lookout at [[Rosny, Tasmania|Rosny Hill]].


In the city, many urban parks and gardens have sprung up over the years, like [[St David's Park]], [[Franklin Square (Hobart)|Franklin Square]], the Parliament or [[Salamanca Place|Salamanca]] Gardens, Boat Park ([[Battery Point, Tasmania|Princes Park]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Princes Park |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Community/Parks-sportsgrounds-and-reserves/Find-a-park-or-reserve/Princes-Park |website=City of Hobart |access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> [[Dynnyrne, Tasmania|Fitzroy Gardens]] and [[Holy Trinity Church, North Hobart|St Andrews Park]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart: Parks and Gardens |url=http://www.ourtasmania.com.au/hobart//hobart-parks.html |website=Our Tasmania |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref> along with newer pocket parks like the Garden of Memories on [[Elizabeth Street, Hobart|Elizabeth Street]]. Inner suburban parks like Wellesley Park in [[South Hobart, Tasmania|South Hobart]], the Train Park (Caldew Park)<ref>{{cite web |title=Caldew ‘Train’ Park |url=https://www.mamamag.com.au/2022/10/10/calder-train-park-west-hobart/ |website=MAMAMAG |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> in [[West Hobart, Tasmania|West Hobart]], and the [[Elizabeth College (Hobart)|Cultural Skatepark]] and Soundy Park in [[North Hobart, Tasmania|North Hobart]] are also popular. Parks continue to extend along the complex coastline of the estuary, from the birdwatching area of [[Granton, Tasmania|Goulds Lagoon]], [[Old Beach, Tasmania|Old Beach]]'s "[[Fairy door|little doors]]", the [[Claremont, Tasmania|Claremont]] Cenotaph by Windermere Beach, [[Moorilla Estate]] winery, [[Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park]] (GASP) with the [[Montrose, Tasmania|Montrose]] Boardwalk, [[Derwent Park, Tasmania|Giblins Reserve]] and [[Cornelian Bay Cemetery|Cornelian Bay]] to the north, and the Battery Point Sculpture Trail, [[Errol Flynn]] Reserve, [[Long Beach, Tasmania|Long Beach Reserve]] by [[Nutgrove Beach]] and the Alexandra Battery, and [[Kingston Beach, Tasmania|Kingston]] Park to the south.
In the city, many urban parks and gardens have sprung up over the years, like [[St David's Park]], [[Franklin Square (Hobart)|Franklin Square]], the Parliament or [[Salamanca Place|Salamanca]] Gardens, Boat Park ([[Battery Point, Tasmania|Princes Park]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Princes Park |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Community/Parks-sportsgrounds-and-reserves/Find-a-park-or-reserve/Princes-Park |website=City of Hobart |access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> [[Dynnyrne, Tasmania|Fitzroy Gardens]] and [[Holy Trinity Church, North Hobart|St Andrews Park]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart: Parks and Gardens |url=http://www.ourtasmania.com.au/hobart//hobart-parks.html |website=Our Tasmania |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref> along with newer pocket parks like the Garden of Memories on [[Elizabeth Street, Hobart|Elizabeth Street]]. Inner suburban parks like Wellesley Park in [[South Hobart, Tasmania|South Hobart]], the Train Park (Caldew Park)<ref>{{cite web |title=Caldew 'Train' Park |url=https://www.mamamag.com.au/2022/10/10/calder-train-park-west-hobart/ |website=MAMAMAG |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> in [[West Hobart, Tasmania|West Hobart]], and the [[Elizabeth College (Hobart)|Cultural Skatepark]] and Soundy Park in [[North Hobart, Tasmania|North Hobart]] are also popular. Parks continue to extend along the complex coastline of the estuary, from the birdwatching area of [[Granton, Tasmania|Goulds Lagoon]], [[Old Beach, Tasmania|Old Beach]]'s "[[Fairy door|little doors]]", the [[Claremont, Tasmania|Claremont]] Cenotaph by Windermere Beach, [[Moorilla Estate]] winery, [[Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park]] (GASP) with the [[Montrose, Tasmania|Montrose]] Boardwalk, [[Derwent Park, Tasmania|Giblins Reserve]] and [[Cornelian Bay Cemetery|Cornelian Bay]] to the north, and the Battery Point Sculpture Trail, [[Errol Flynn]] Reserve, [[Long Beach, Tasmania|Long Beach Reserve]] by [[Nutgrove Beach]] and the Alexandra Battery, and [[Kingston Beach, Tasmania|Kingston]] Park to the south.
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===Architecture===
===Architecture===
{{See also | Architecture of Australia}}
{{See also | Architecture of Australia}}
[[File:Waterfront warehouses Hobart.jpg|thumb|The Hunter Street Precinct is known for its Georgian era waterfront warehouses, since converted into restaurants, bars and galleries.]]
[[File:27-33 Hunter Street Hobart 20171120-108.jpg|thumb|left|Early colonial-era buildings along Hunter Street]]
Hobart's architecture is generally very eclectic and reflective of styles from various eras of Australia's history. It is known for its well-preserved [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] and [[Victorian architecture|Victorian-era]] lots on a [[Grid plan|colonial grid]] giving the city a distinctly "[[old world]]" feel.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Content-Area Vocabulary Strategies for Language Arts |year=2002 |publisher=Walch Publishing |page=39 |isbn=0-82514337-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://architecthobart.com.au/ |title=History Section |date=2017 |website=Hobart Architect Blog |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023035331/https://architecthobart.com.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For locals, this became a source of discomfiture about the city's convict past, but is now a draw card for tourists.<ref>Clark, J. "This Southern Outpost, Hobart 1846–1914" pp. 1</ref>
Hobart's architecture is stylistically eclectic and reflects various periods of Australian history. The city is known for its well-preserved [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] and [[Victorian architecture|Victorian-era]] buildings, giving specific areas an "[[old world]]" feel.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Content-Area Vocabulary Strategies for Language Arts |year=2002 |publisher=Walch Publishing |page=39 |isbn=0-82514337-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://architecthobart.com.au/ |title=History Section |date=2017 |website=Hobart Architect Blog |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023035331/https://architecthobart.com.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For locals, this became a source of discomfiture about the city's convict past, but is now a draw card for tourists.<ref>Clark, J. "This Southern Outpost, Hobart 1846–1914" pp. 1</ref>


[[File:Cascades Female Factory-Yard 4.jpg|thumb|A yard and cottages within the [[Cascades Female Factory]], one of eleven UNESCO [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage]]-listed [[Australian Convict Sites]]]]
Regions within the city centre contain many of the city's oldest heritage-listed buildings, with the [[Hope and Anchor Tavern]] (1807) and [[Ingle Hall]] (1811–14) among them. Much of the inner-city, such as [[Battery Point]], is dotted with [[weatherboard]] cottages and multistorey houses and terraces. Historic villas and mansions, such as ''Maylands'' (1884) also exist [[Australian residential architectural styles|in the suburbs]]. Hobart has a significant body of locally notable buildings, including the [[Cascade Brewery]] (1824), the [[Cascades Female Factory]] (1828), one of the UNESCO [[Australian Convict Sites]], Hadley's Orient Hotel (1834), which is the oldest continuously operating hotel in Australia, the [[Theatre Royal, Hobart|Theatre Royal]] (1837), the oldest continually operating theatre in Australia, the [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek revival]] [[Lady Franklin Gallery]] (1843), Australia's first private museum, and the [[Hobart Synagogue]] (1845), which is the [[Oldest synagogues in the world|oldest synagogue in Australia]] and a rare surviving example of an [[Egyptian revival]] synagogue. [[Kelly's Steps]] were built in 1839 to provide a short-cut from Battery Point to the warehouse and dockyards district of [[Salamanca Place]].
The city centre contains many of the city's oldest buildings, including the [[Hope and Anchor Tavern]] (1807) and [[Ingle Hall]] (1811–14). The [[Cascade Brewery]] (1824), Australia's longest operating brewery, was built using convict labour, as was the [[Cascades Female Factory]] (1828), now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other notable early buildings include: [[c:File:Thursday, October 26, 2017 - 26644747109.jpg|Hadley's Orient Hotel]] (1834), Australia's oldest continuously operating hotel; the [[Theatre Royal, Hobart|Theatre Royal]] (1837), Australia's oldest continually operating theatre; the [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek revival]] [[Lady Franklin Gallery]] (1843), Australia's first private museum; and the [[Hobart Synagogue]] (1845), which is Australia's [[Oldest synagogues in the world|oldest synagogue]] and a rare example of an [[Egyptian revival]] synagogue. [[Salamanca Place]] contains many Georgian era buildings, as well as [[Kelly's Steps]], which were built in 1839 to provide a short-cut to [[Battery Point]], a largely residential suburb known for its weatherboard cottages and multi-storey terraces.


Government architect [[John Lee Archer]] designed the [[Regency architecture|Regency]]-style [[Parliament House, Hobart|Customs House]] (1840), facing [[Sullivans Cove]] and now used as Parliament House. He also designed the [[Gothic revival]] Engineers Building (1847) later used as the [[Tasmanian Main Line Company]] headquarters. Nearby are more buildings in the same style, Australia's [[Christ College (University of Tasmania)|oldest tertiary institution]] was based in the former Hobart High School from 1848 (Domain House, now owned by UTAS),<ref>{{cite web |title=Domain House |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/infrastructure-services-development/building-works/projects/domain-house |website=UTAS |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> and the [[Government House, Hobart|Government House]] building was built in 1857 and is the [[Old Government House, Hobart|third iteration]]. [[Henry Hunter (architect)|Henry Hunter]] was an architect known for churches such as [[St Mary's Cathedral, Hobart|St Mary's Cathedral]] (1898), but he also designed [[Hobart Town Hall]] (1866), located on the site of the old Government House.
The [[TMAG]] building, built in 1902 as a new [[Second Empire style]] Customs House, is situated on [[Constitution Dock]] and features the old Bond (1824) and Commisariat Store buildings (1810), the latter of which contributed to Hobart's early street layout when the [[Hobart Rivulet]] passed beside it.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Geoff |title=The Commissariat & Bond Stores |url=http://ontheconvicttrail.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-commissariat-bond-stores-hobart.html |website=On the Convict Trail |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> Away from the mouth of the rivulet was Hunter Island and after 1820 was also used for significant [[warehousing]] (which would later become [[Henry Jones IXL]] who employed an early use of [[reinforced concrete]] in 1911).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Geoff |title=Henry Jones IXL Jam Factory |url=http://ontheconvicttrail.blogspot.com/2013/03/henry-jones-ixl-jam-factory.html |website=On the Convict Trail |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> Hunter Street now houses contemporary uses such as a glass atrium events space, the [[College of Arts, Law and Education (University of Tasmania)|UTAS centre for the arts]] and the MACq 01 hotel.


The [[TMAG]] building, built in 1902 as a new [[Second Empire style]] Customs House, is situated on [[Constitution Dock]] and incorporates the Bond (1824) and [[c:File:Commissariat Store Hobart 20171119-025.jpg|Commisariat Store buildings]] (1810), the latter of which contributed to Hobart's early street layout when the [[Hobart Rivulet]] passed beside it. Away from the mouth of the rivulet was Hunter Island and after 1820 was also used for extensive warehousing.
Government architect [[John Lee Archer]] designed an earlier [[Regency architecture|Regency]]-style [[Parliament House, Hobart|Customs House]] (1840), facing [[Sullivans Cove]]. It was reused as Tasmania's Parliament House, and is now commemorated by a pub bearing the same name (built in 1844) which is frequented by yachtsmen after they complete the [[Sydney to Hobart yacht race]]. He also designed the [[Gothic revival]] Engineers Building (1847) later used as the [[Tasmanian Main Line Company]] headquarters. Nearby are more buildings in the same style, Australia's [[Christ College (University of Tasmania)|oldest tertiary institution]] was based in the former Hobart High School from 1848 (Domain House, now owned by UTAS),<ref>{{cite web |title=Domain House |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/infrastructure-services-development/building-works/projects/domain-house |website=UTAS |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> and the [[Government House, Hobart|Government House]] building was built in 1857 and is the [[Old Government House, Hobart|third iteration]]. [[Henry Hunter (architect)|Henry Hunter]] was an architect known for churches such as [[St Mary's Cathedral, Hobart|St Mary's Cathedral]] (1898), but he also designed [[Hobart Town Hall]] (1866) inspired by the [[Palazzo Farnese]] on the site of the old Government House.
[[File:Hobart Salamanca&Walk 059 NML 2020.jpg|thumb|left|Edwardian, Neo-Gothic and Brutalist architecture on Macquarie Street]]


Hobart is home to many historic churches. The Scots Church (formerly known as St Andrew's) was built in [[Bathurst Street, Hobart|Bathurst Street]] from 1834 to 1836, and a small sandstone building within the churchyard was used as the city's first Presbyterian Church. The Salamanca warehouses and the [[Theatre Royal, Hobart|Theatre Royal]] were also constructed in this period. [[St John's Anglican Church, New Town|St John's]] in [[St Johns Park, Tasmania|New Town]], featuring a clocktower and turrets, sat in the middle of the Queens Orphanage complex (now near the [[Hobart City High School]]) from 1835.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grant |first1=Duncan |title=No. 864 - New Town - St John's Anglican Church and the 'Queen's Orphan School' |url=https://www.churchesoftasmania.com/2021/01/no-864-new-town-st-johns-anglican.html |website=Churches of Tasmania |access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> The Greek revival [[St. George's Anglican Church, Battery Point|St George's Anglican Church]] in Battery Point was completed in 1838, and a classical tower designed by [[James Blackburn (architect)|James Blackburn]] (who also designed the [[Holy Trinity Church, Hobart|Holy Trinity Church]]) was added in 1847. St Joseph's was built in 1840 and the [[Davey Street Congregational Church]] in 1857. [[St David's Cathedral, Hobart|St David's Cathedral]], Hobart's first, was consecrated in 1874. The grand [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne style]] [[Mount Saint Canice]] (1893) sits above Sandy Bay.
Hobart is home to many historic churches. The Scots Church (formerly known as St Andrew's) was built in [[Bathurst Street, Hobart|Bathurst Street]] from 1834 to 1836, and a small sandstone building within the churchyard was used as the city's first Presbyterian Church. [[St John's Anglican Church, New Town|St John's]] in [[St Johns Park, Tasmania|New Town]], featuring a clocktower and turrets, sat in the middle of the Queens Orphanage complex (now near the [[Hobart City High School]]) from 1835.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grant |first1=Duncan |title=No. 864 - New Town - St John's Anglican Church and the 'Queen's Orphan School' |url=https://www.churchesoftasmania.com/2021/01/no-864-new-town-st-johns-anglican.html |website=Churches of Tasmania |access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> The Greek revival [[St George's Anglican Church, Battery Point|St George's Anglican Church]] in Battery Point was completed in 1838, and a classical tower designed by [[James Blackburn (architect)|James Blackburn]] (who also designed the [[Holy Trinity Church, Hobart|Holy Trinity Church]]) was added in 1847. St Joseph's was built in 1840 and the [[Davey Street Congregational Church]] in 1857. [[St David's Cathedral, Hobart|St David's Cathedral]], Hobart's first, was consecrated in 1874. The grand [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne style]] [[Mount Saint Canice]] (1893) sits above Sandy Bay.


[[File:National Mutual Life Building Hobart.jpg|thumb|upright|The neo-gothic National Mutual Life Building (1906) next to the brutalist RBA Building (1977)]]
By [[architectural competition]], the [[Edwardian Baroque]] [[General Post Office, Hobart|GPO]] was built in 1905, and the [[Hobart City Hall]] was built in 1915 in a [[Federation architecture|Federation warehouse style]] on the former city marketplace.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Geoff |title=City Hall, Hobart |url=http://ontheconvicttrail.blogspot.com/2013/04/city-hall-hobart.html |website=On the Convict Trail |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> Similarly in redbrick, Victoria House is a tall Gothic warehouse from 1910. The [[North Hobart Post Office]] (1913) of a [[John Smith Murdoch]] design is in a colourful [[Edwardian architecture|Edwardian style]]. [[List of Art Deco buildings in Tasmania|Art Deco]] would become a well-known style used on such CBD landmarks as the [[T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society|T&G]] building (1938) on [[Murray Street, Hobart|Murray Street]], the Old [[The Mercury (Hobart)|Mercury]] Building façade on [[Macquarie Street, Hobart|Macquarie Street]] (1938), the former [[Hydro Tasmania]] (1938) and [[Colonial Mutual|Colonial Mutual Life]] buildings (1936) on [[Elizabeth Street, Hobart|Elizabeth Street]], and the Telegraph Hotel on the waterfront. The 1939 [[Streamline Moderne]] Riviera Hotel is joined by what remains the tallest building in Tasmania, the [[Wrest Point Casino]] (1973) designed by [[Roy Grounds]] in [[Moderne architecture|Moderne]]. Among the [[List of tallest buildings in Hobart|tallest buildings in Hobart]] were built in this era, such as the [[International Style]] [[MLC Limited|MLC]] building (1958–77), the Empress Towers (1967), the [[Brutalist]] [[NAB House]] (1968) and former [[Reserve Bank of Australia|Reserve Bank]] building (1977), the brown-coloured [[Modern architecture#Asia and Australia|Modernist]] Marine Board building (1972) and Jaffa building (1978), and the Brutalist [[10 Murray Street|State Offices]] (1969) which were demolished in 2018 for the [[Parliament Square, Hobart|Parliament Square]] precinct (which the [[Facadism|adaptive reuse]] ''Tasman Hotel'' and Salamanca Building by [[Fjmt|FJMT]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Salamanca Building Parliament Square |url=https://fjcstudio.com/projects/salamanca-building-parliament-square/ |website=FJC Studio |access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> is a part of). [[Esmond Dorney|Dorney House]] (1978) on the former [[Mount Nelson, Tasmania|Fort Nelson]] is an example of residential modernism bought by the [[City of Hobart]] for [[Historic house museum|public use]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dorney House |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/City-services/Venues-banners-and-signage/Halls-and-venues/Dorney-House |website=City of Hobart |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> Edith Emery was another architect active during this time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hitch |first1=Georgia |title=The remarkable life of Edith Emery - from prisoner of the Nazis to groundbreaking Tasmanian architect |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-04/edith-emery-architect-doctor-prisoner-legacy/102361834 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=4 June 2023}}</ref>
The [[Edwardian Baroque]] [[General Post Office, Hobart|GPO]] was built in 1905, and the [[Hobart City Hall]] was built in 1915 in a [[Federation architecture|Federation warehouse style]] on the former city marketplace.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ritchie |first1=Geoff |title=City Hall, Hobart |url=http://ontheconvicttrail.blogspot.com/2013/04/city-hall-hobart.html |website=On the Convict Trail |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> The [[North Hobart Post Office]] (1913) of a [[John Smith Murdoch]] design is in a colourful [[Edwardian architecture|Edwardian style]]. Hobart is also home to a number of [[List of Art Deco buildings in Tasmania|Art Deco]] landmarks, including the [[T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society|T&G]] building (1938) on [[Murray Street, Hobart|Murray Street]], the Old [[The Mercury (Hobart)|Mercury]] Building on [[Macquarie Street, Hobart|Macquarie Street]] (1938), the former [[Hydro Tasmania]] (1938) and the [[Colonial Mutual|Colonial Mutual Life]] buildings (1936) on [[Elizabeth Street, Hobart|Elizabeth Street]]. The 1939 [[Streamline Moderne]] Riviera Hotel is joined by what remains the tallest building in Tasmania, the [[Wrest Point Casino]] (1973) designed by [[Roy Grounds]] in [[Moderne architecture|Moderne]]. Several of the [[List of tallest buildings in Hobart|tallest buildings in Hobart]] were built in this era, such as the [[International Style]] [[MLC Limited|MLC]] building (1958–77), the Empress Towers (1967), the [[Brutalist]] [[NAB House]] (1968) and former [[Reserve Bank of Australia|Reserve Bank]] Building (1977), and the brown-coloured [[Modern architecture#Asia and Australia|Modernist]] Marine Board Building (1972) and Jaffa Building (1978). [[Esmond Dorney|Dorney House]] (1978) at the former [[Mount Nelson, Tasmania|Fort Nelson]] is an example of residential modernism.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dorney House |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/City-services/Venues-banners-and-signage/Halls-and-venues/Dorney-House |website=City of Hobart |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>


The [[Hotel Grand Chancellor, Hobart|Hotel Grand Chancellor]] was built in 1987 in what was the Wapping neighbourhood (demolished in the 1960s as [[Urban renewal#Slum clearance|urban renewal]] for the [[Railway Roundabout, Hobart|Railway Roundabout]] and its [[Googie architecture|Googie]] fountain)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lehman |first1=Ros |title=Curious Hobart: What is the history of the old district known as Wapping? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-01-16/curious-hobart-what-is-the-history-of-wapping/9261692 |access-date=21 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=16 Jan 2018}}</ref> now features many new bulidings in the precinct, such as the industry-inspired 2001 Federation Concert Hall and [[The Hedberg]] designed in 2013 around [[Conceptual architecture|Conceptualism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Hedberg |url=https://www.liminalstudio.com.au/creative-industries-performing-arts/ |website=Liminal Studio |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> The distinctive shapes of the 2020 K-Block redevelopment of the [[Royal Hobart Hospital]] was based on the street grid and [[Rajah Quilt]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stage 1 K-Block |url=https://www.rhhredevelopment.tas.gov.au/about_k-block |website=RHH Redevelopment |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> Nearby is the [[Menzies Institute for Medical Research|Menzies Institute]] and [[College of Health and Medicine (University of Tasmania)|UTAS]] Medical Science Precinct, which features two 2009 examples of [[experimental architecture|avant-garde]] styles inspired by land-water interplay.<ref>{{cite web |title=Menzies Research Institute and Medical Science |url=https://www.lyonsarch.com.au/project/menzies-research-institute-and-medical-science/ |website=Lyons |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> On Castray Esplanade, the Salamanca Wharf Hotel was built in 2013 on a carpark combining Antarctic colours with the surrounding former-ordnance warehouses.<ref>{{cite news |title=SALAMANCA WHARF HOTEL OPENS IN HOBART |url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/2013/01/salamanca-wharf-hotel-opens-in-hobart/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |agency=Tasmanian Times |date=21 January 2013}}</ref> The [[Myer]] Centre [[Icon Complex]] was completed in 2020 as a replacement for the 1908 [[Liverpool Street, Hobart|Liverpool Street]] building which burnt down in 2007, while retaining the façade on Murray. Projects designed by local architects include a Vibe Hotel by Xsquared in 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Vibe Hotel |url=https://xsa.net.au/project/vibe-hotel/ |website=Xsquared |access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref> and a [[Mövenpick Hotel]] built in 2021 by Jaws<ref>{{cite web |title=Movenpick Hotel |url=https://www.jawsarchitects.com/architecture/movenpick-hotel/ |website=Jaws Architects |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> (on a site once briefly occupied by the [[Art Nouveau]] Palace Theatre) which similarly features vertical panels on glass.
The postmodern [[Hotel Grand Chancellor, Hobart|Hotel Grand Chancellor]] was built in 1987 in what was the Wapping neighbourhood, which now features many examples of [[contemporary architecture]], such as the 2001 Federation Concert Hall and [[The Hedberg]], designed in 2013 around [[Conceptual architecture|Conceptualism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Hedberg |url=https://www.liminalstudio.com.au/creative-industries-performing-arts/ |website=Liminal Studio |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> The distinctive shapes of the 2020 K-Block redevelopment of the [[Royal Hobart Hospital]] was based on the street grid and convict-made [[Rajah Quilt]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stage 1 K-Block |url=https://www.rhhredevelopment.tas.gov.au/about_k-block |website=RHH Redevelopment |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> Nearby is the [[Menzies Institute for Medical Research|Menzies Institute]] and [[College of Health and Medicine (University of Tasmania)|UTAS]] Medical Science Precinct, which features two 2009 examples of [[experimental architecture|avant-garde]] styles inspired by land-water interplay.<ref>{{cite web |title=Menzies Research Institute and Medical Science |url=https://www.lyonsarch.com.au/project/menzies-research-institute-and-medical-science/ |website=Lyons |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> On Castray Esplanade, the Salamanca Wharf Hotel was built in 2013 and combines Antarctic colours with the surrounding former-ordnance warehouses.<ref>{{cite news |title=SALAMANCA WHARF HOTEL OPENS IN HOBART |url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/2013/01/salamanca-wharf-hotel-opens-in-hobart/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |agency=Tasmanian Times |date=21 January 2013}}</ref> The [[Myer]] Centre [[Icon Complex]] was completed in 2020 as a replacement for the 1908 [[Liverpool Street, Hobart|Liverpool Street]] building which burnt down in 2007, while retaining the façade on Murray Street. Projects designed by local architects include the [[Mövenpick Hotel]], built in 2021 by Jaws.<ref>{{cite web |title=Movenpick Hotel |url=https://www.jawsarchitects.com/architecture/movenpick-hotel/ |website=Jaws Architects |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>


[[Contemporary architecture]] has moved towards a more [[Sustainable architecture|sustainable]] focus, meaning new public and private developments are encouraged by planning<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart - a sustainable capital |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/City-services/Sustainable-Hobart/Hobart-a-sustainable-capital-city |website=City of Hobart |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> to pursue [[Green building|energy efficiency]] standards such as [[NABERS]].
{{Wide image|NZ7 2608 (46970089552).jpg|725px|The Hobart skyline in 2019|align-cap=center}}
===Housing===
===Housing===
Hobart as a city has delivered its housing by various means and forms. For its early history, housing was small-scale but clustered in very small areas. With the development of streets and [[Transport in Hobart|public transport]], such as a [[Rail transport in Tasmania|railway]] in 1876 and Australia's first [[Trams in Hobart|fully-electric tram network]] in 1893, further [[Transit metropolis|growth of the urban area]] was enabled. [[Streetcar suburb|Inner suburbs]] from this era typically have orderly streets (around planned subdivisions of former agriculture grants, often inspired by the [[City Beautiful movement]]) with shopfronts (the [[Hill Street Grocer]] franchise derives from the commercial legacy of a former tramway) and narrow lanes lined with timber and brick cottages, [[townhouses]] and small apartment buildings.

[[Public housing in Australia|Social housing]] was usually organised by private societies and entities as outreach to those in need until crises brought greater attention from government authorities, such as the Homes Act (1919) and Housing Agreement (1945). The Housing Department focused mainly on mixing these with broad-acre suburban estates, which were sometimes expensive to service with adequate infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Housing (Public) |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/H/Housing%20Public.htm |website=the companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> Architects such as [[Margaret Findlay]] were employed by the public works department. [[Bungalows]] were mass-produced in [[weatherboard]] and then [[fibro]] materials.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shelter |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/tasmanian-companion/biogs/E000906b.htm |website=Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> The 1944 [[Town and Country Planning Act]] was the instrument to transfer control of urban housing to municipalities, which automatically resulted in tightly restricted homebuilding in existing urban areas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Town Planning |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Town%20planning.htm |website=the companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> The advent of the [[automotive city]] and the 1965 [[Hobart Area Transportation Study]] (which ultimately resulted in [[Planned obsolescence|cuts to]] public transport<ref>{{cite news |title=Rockliffe & White must commit to end Tasmania’s era of public transport neglect: McKell Institute |url=https://mckellinstitute.org.au/rockliffe-white-must-commit-to-end-tasmanias-era-of-public-transport-neglect-mckell-institute/ |website=The McKell Institute |access-date=22 June 2024 |date=27 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharp |first1=Mathew |title=Public Transport Patronage in Greater Hobart |url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/2024/03/public-transport-patronage-in-greater-hobart/ |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=Tasmanian Times |date=12 March 2024}}</ref> and parts of the inner city being converted into [[Societal impacts of cars|parking]]) further made Hobart a [[Urban sprawl|sprawling]] city. [[Zoning]] now applies and specific area plans can also be prepared (with the land use near Hobart's [[Transit-oriented development|northern suburbs transit corridor]] under particular focus),<ref>{{cite web |title=Activating the Northern Suburbs Transit Corridor |url=https://www.hobartcitydeal.com.au/activating_the_northern_suburbs_transit_corridor |website=Hobart City Deal |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> though planning reform and new provisions schedules are being prepared.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmanian Planning Scheme |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Development/Planning-schemes/Tasmanian-Planning-Scheme |website=City of Hobart |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> While community and social housing projects do occur in expensive areas (such as 25 apartments on [[Goulburn Street, Hobart|Goulburn Street]] in 2021),<ref>{{cite web |title=GOULBURN STREET HOUSING |url=https://www.cumulus.studio/goulburn-street-housing |website=Cumulus Studio |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> it is still difficult to achieve approval.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holmes |first1=Adam |title=Social housing proposal receives 31 objections as neighbours say it does not fit in the area |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-04/social-housing-proposal-receives-31-objections/102052686 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=4 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rojahn |first1=Madeleine |title=Hobart mayor Anna Reynolds slams council's decision to reject St Vincent de Paul's apartment building for vulnerable women |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-05-10/womens-social-housing-in-hobart-rejected/103829612 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=10 May 2024}}</ref>
[[File:2021 Warrane nipaluna.jpg|thumb|Post-war housing is common throughout the city]]
[[File:2021 Warrane nipaluna.jpg|thumb|Post-war housing is common throughout the city]]
Hobart as a city has delivered its housing by various means and forms. For its early history, housing was small-scale but clustered in very small areas (the highest concentration and diversity of Hobart's heritage remains around the constantly-evolving city centre).<ref name="Sprent">{{cite journal |last1=Solomon |first1=RJ |title=SPRENT'S HOBART, circa 1845 |journal=Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania |date=1967 |volume=101 |issue=5 |pages=20 |url=https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14255/1/1967_Solomon_Sprents'_Hobart.pdf |access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref> With the development of streets and [[Transport in Hobart|public transport]], such as a [[Rail transport in Tasmania|railway]] in 1876 and Australia's first [[Trams in Hobart|fully-electric tram network]] in 1893, further [[Transit metropolis|growth of the urban area]] was enabled. [[Streetcar suburb|Inner suburbs]] from this era typically have orderly streets (around planned subdivisions of former agriculture grants, often inspired by the [[City Beautiful movement]]) with shopfronts (the [[Hill Street Grocer]] franchise derives from the commercial legacy of a former tramway) and narrow lanes lined with timber and brick cottages, [[townhouses]] and small apartment buildings.

[[Public housing in Australia|Social housing]] was usually organised by private societies and entities as outreach to those in need until crises brought greater attention from government authorities, such as the Homes Act (1919) and Housing Agreement (1945). The Housing Department focused mainly on mixing these with broad-acre suburban estates, which were sometimes expensive to service with adequate infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Housing (Public) |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/H/Housing%20Public.htm |website=the companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> Architects such as [[Margaret Findlay]] were employed by the public works department. [[Bungalows]] were mass-produced in [[weatherboard]] and then [[fibro]] materials.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shelter |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/tasmanian-companion/biogs/E000906b.htm |website=Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> The 1944 [[Town and Country Planning Act (Australia) 1944|Town and Country Planning Act]] was the instrument to transfer control of urban housing to municipalities, which automatically resulted in tightly restricted homebuilding in existing urban areas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Town Planning |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Town%20planning.htm |website=the companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> The advent of the [[automotive city]] and the 1965 [[Hobart Area Transportation Study]] (which ultimately resulted in [[Planned obsolescence|cuts to]] public transport<ref name="mckellinstitute.org.au">{{cite news |title=Rockliffe & White must commit to end Tasmania's era of public transport neglect: McKell Institute |url=https://mckellinstitute.org.au/rockliffe-white-must-commit-to-end-tasmanias-era-of-public-transport-neglect-mckell-institute/ |website=The McKell Institute |access-date=22 June 2024 |date=27 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="tasmaniantimes.com">{{cite news |last1=Sharp |first1=Mathew |title=Public Transport Patronage in Greater Hobart |url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/2024/03/public-transport-patronage-in-greater-hobart/ |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=Tasmanian Times |date=12 March 2024}}</ref> and parts of the inner city being converted into [[Societal impacts of cars|parking]]) further made Hobart a [[Urban sprawl|sprawling]] city. [[Zoning]] now applies and specific area plans can also be prepared (with the land use near Hobart's [[Transit-oriented development|northern suburbs transit corridor]] under particular focus),<ref>{{cite web |title=Activating the Northern Suburbs Transit Corridor |url=https://www.hobartcitydeal.com.au/activating_the_northern_suburbs_transit_corridor |website=Hobart City Deal |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> though planning reform and new provisions schedules are being prepared.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmanian Planning Scheme |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Development/Planning-schemes/Tasmanian-Planning-Scheme |website=City of Hobart |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> While community and social housing projects do occur in expensive areas (such as 25 apartments on [[Goulburn Street, Hobart|Goulburn Street]] in 2021),<ref>{{cite web |title=GOULBURN STREET HOUSING |url=https://www.cumulus.studio/goulburn-street-housing |website=Cumulus Studio |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> it is still difficult to achieve approval.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holmes |first1=Adam |title=Social housing proposal receives 31 objections as neighbours say it does not fit in the area |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-04/social-housing-proposal-receives-31-objections/102052686 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=4 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rojahn |first1=Madeleine |title=Hobart mayor Anna Reynolds slams council's decision to reject St Vincent de Paul's apartment building for vulnerable women |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-05-10/womens-social-housing-in-hobart-rejected/103829612 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=10 May 2024}}</ref>


As of 2024, Hobart is the least dense Australian capital<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burgess |first1=Georgie |title=Hobart's low apartment rate hurting housing affordability and urban livability, experts say |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-12/hobart-cityscape-to-include-more-apartments-medium-density/103960282 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=12 June 2024}}</ref> with the highest costs per capita (alongside [[Sydney#Housing|Sydney]]) for housing<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ziffer |first1=Daniel |title=Potential Airbnb ban, 'no deposit' home loans and rent subsidies: Radical policies show how housing might swing elections |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-03-20/airbnb-ban-no-deposit-home-loans-landlord-subsidies-tas-election/103584528 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=20 March 2024}}</ref> and [[car dependent|car-ownership]] (19.7% cost-to-income in 2024).<ref>{{cite web |title=TRANSPORT AFFORDABILITY INDEX MARCH QUARTER 2024 |url=https://www.aaa.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AAA_Affordability-Index-Q1-2024-WEB.pdf |website=Australian Automobile Association |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> This is credited with contributing to the broader Tasmanian demographic crisis and emigration.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blackwood |first1=Fiona |title=Politicians must reckon with Tasmania's slowing economy and shrinking population, experts say |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-28/tasmanian-state-election-economy-population-decline/103511658 |access-date=29 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=28 February 2024}}</ref> The median house price of inner Hobart was A$1,026,500 in 2021,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ainsworth |first1=Kate |title=Hobart becomes Tasmania's first million-dollar median house price city |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-28/hobart-becomes-tasmanias-first-million-dollar-city/100573224 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=28 October 2021}}</ref> which would be 12.8x the region's median household income per year. Of the 76,686 total dwellings in urban Greater Hobart in [[Australia census|2021]], only 10% were a flat or apartment and 7.2% semi-detached or terrace.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart 2021 Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/UCL603001 |website=ABS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> Greater Hobart builds on average 700 new dwellings per year,<ref>{{cite web |title=30 Year Greater Hobart Plan |url=https://www.greaterhobart.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/345719/Greater_Hobart_Plan_-_Strategy_for_Growth_and_Change_Aug_2022.pdf |website=Greater Hobart Committee |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> which equates to between 3–3.5 per 1000 people (lower than the 6–9 of other states),<ref>{{cite web |title=Building more homes where people want to live |url=https://www.productivity.nsw.gov.au/building-more-homes-where-people-want-to-live |website=NSW Productivity Commission |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> mostly concentrated in outer suburbs like [[Bridgewater, Tasmania|Bridgewater]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Small Area Dwelling Completions |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/small-area-dwelling-completions |website=ABS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> (which has the lowest life expectancy in Hobart at 67)<ref>{{cite news |title=Suburbs with Highest and Lowest Life Expectancy Revealed |url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/2021/03/suburbs-with-highest-and-lowest-life-expectancy-revealed/ |access-date=29 June 2024 |agency=Tasmanian Times |date=1 March 2021}}</ref> which studies show can cost 8x more than infill,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lindell |first1=Jasper |title=Urban infill offers significantly cheaper way to create new dwellings: study |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7909113/urban-infill-offers-significantly-cheaper-way-to-create-new-dwellings/ |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=The Canberra Times |date=20 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McGowan |first1=Michael |title=Sydney sprawl costs economy $75,000 more per new home: report |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/sydney-sprawl-costs-economy-75-000-more-per-new-home-report-20230825-p5dzia.html |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=28 August 2023}}</ref> meaning they require more infrastructure per dwelling to service<ref>{{cite news |title=Greater Hobart's 'most affordable' suburb is Primrose Sands, but many on the southern beaches are doing it tough |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-23/hobart-most-affordable-suburb-primrose-sands/101880452 |access-date=29 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=23 January 2023}}</ref> than areas closer to existing services (which are more often under-capacity<ref>{{cite news |last1=Caroll |first1=Lucy |title=Revealed: Sydney’s most overcrowded primary and high schools |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/revealed-sydney-s-most-overcrowded-primary-and-high-schools-20240501-p5fo8k.html |access-date=29 June 2024 |agency=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=7 May 2024}}</ref>). Rental vacancies have generally been on decline since about 2013 with the rate consistenly under 3% and listings 50.5% lower in southern Tasmania over 11 years. Renting is also typically [[eviction#No-fault evictions|less protected]] than other states.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rental Affordability Snapshot Tasmania 2024 |url=https://www.anglicare-tas.org.au/research/rental-affordability-snapshot-tasmania-2024/ |website=Anglicare TAS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref>
As of 2024, Hobart is the least dense Australian capital<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burgess |first1=Georgie |title=Hobart's low apartment rate hurting housing affordability and urban livability, experts say |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-12/hobart-cityscape-to-include-more-apartments-medium-density/103960282 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=12 June 2024}}</ref> with the highest costs per capita (alongside [[Sydney#Housing|Sydney]]) for housing<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ziffer |first1=Daniel |title=Potential Airbnb ban, 'no deposit' home loans and rent subsidies: Radical policies show how housing might swing elections |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-03-20/airbnb-ban-no-deposit-home-loans-landlord-subsidies-tas-election/103584528 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=20 March 2024}}</ref> and [[car dependent|car-ownership]] (19.7% cost-to-income in 2024).<ref>{{cite web |title=TRANSPORT AFFORDABILITY INDEX MARCH QUARTER 2024 |url=https://www.aaa.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/AAA_Affordability-Index-Q1-2024-WEB.pdf |website=Australian Automobile Association |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> This is credited with contributing to the broader Tasmanian demographic crisis and emigration.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blackwood |first1=Fiona |title=Politicians must reckon with Tasmania's slowing economy and shrinking population, experts say |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-28/tasmanian-state-election-economy-population-decline/103511658 |access-date=29 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=28 February 2024}}</ref> The median house price of inner Hobart was A$1,026,500 in 2021,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ainsworth |first1=Kate |title=Hobart becomes Tasmania's first million-dollar median house price city |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-28/hobart-becomes-tasmanias-first-million-dollar-city/100573224 |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=28 October 2021}}</ref> which would be 12.8x the region's median household income per year. Of the 76,686 total dwellings in urban Greater Hobart in [[Australia census|2021]], only 10% were a flat or apartment and 7.2% semi-detached or terrace.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart 2021 Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/UCL603001 |website=ABS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> Greater Hobart builds on average 700 new dwellings per year,<ref>{{cite web |title=30 Year Greater Hobart Plan |url=https://www.greaterhobart.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/345719/Greater_Hobart_Plan_-_Strategy_for_Growth_and_Change_Aug_2022.pdf |website=Greater Hobart Committee |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> which equates to between 3–3.5 per 1000 people (lower than the 6–9 of other states),<ref>{{cite web |title=Building more homes where people want to live |url=https://www.productivity.nsw.gov.au/building-more-homes-where-people-want-to-live |website=NSW Productivity Commission |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> mostly concentrated in outer suburbs like [[Bridgewater, Tasmania|Bridgewater]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Small Area Dwelling Completions |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/small-area-dwelling-completions |website=ABS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> (which has the lowest life expectancy in Hobart at 67)<ref>{{cite news |title=Suburbs with Highest and Lowest Life Expectancy Revealed |url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/2021/03/suburbs-with-highest-and-lowest-life-expectancy-revealed/ |access-date=29 June 2024 |agency=Tasmanian Times |date=1 March 2021}}</ref> which studies show can cost 8x more than infill,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lindell |first1=Jasper |title=Urban infill offers significantly cheaper way to create new dwellings: study |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7909113/urban-infill-offers-significantly-cheaper-way-to-create-new-dwellings/ |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=The Canberra Times |date=20 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McGowan |first1=Michael |title=Sydney sprawl costs economy $75,000 more per new home: report |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/sydney-sprawl-costs-economy-75-000-more-per-new-home-report-20230825-p5dzia.html |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=28 August 2023}}</ref> meaning they require more infrastructure per dwelling to service<ref>{{cite news |title=Greater Hobart's 'most affordable' suburb is Primrose Sands, but many on the southern beaches are doing it tough |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-23/hobart-most-affordable-suburb-primrose-sands/101880452 |access-date=29 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=23 January 2023}}</ref> than areas closer to existing services (which are more often under-capacity<ref>{{cite news |last1=Caroll |first1=Lucy |title=Revealed: Sydney's most overcrowded primary and high schools |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/revealed-sydney-s-most-overcrowded-primary-and-high-schools-20240501-p5fo8k.html |access-date=29 June 2024 |agency=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=7 May 2024}}</ref>). Rental vacancies have generally been on decline since about 2013 with the rate consistenly under 3% and listings 50.5% lower in southern Tasmania over 11 years. Renting is also typically [[eviction#No-fault evictions|less protected]] than other states.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rental Affordability Snapshot Tasmania 2024 |url=https://www.anglicare-tas.org.au/research/rental-affordability-snapshot-tasmania-2024/ |website=Anglicare TAS |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref>


Tenant-oriented housing models may become more common, with a few examples in Hobart such as 2020's all-electric ''The Commons Hobart'' where expensive [[parking mandates]] were waivered to enable an affordable [[green lifestyle]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Zero emissions |url=http://www.commonshobart.com.au/zero-emissions.html |website=The Commons |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>
Tenant-oriented housing models may become more common, with a few examples in Hobart such as 2020's all-electric ''The Commons Hobart'' where expensive [[parking mandates]] were waivered to enable an affordable [[green lifestyle]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Zero emissions |url=http://www.commonshobart.com.au/zero-emissions.html |website=The Commons |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>


==Culture==
==Culture==
Since the 2000s, Hobart has gained a reputation as a "cool" and creative cultural capital<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mocatta |first1=Gabi |title=Hip Hobart |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20130503-hip-hobart |access-date=23 June 2024 |agency=BBC News |date=10 May 2013}}</ref> with increasing numbers of tourists drawn to its unconventional or quirky events and art projects, many spurred by the [[Museum of Old and New Art]] (MONA). The term "MONA effect" refers to the museum's significant impact on the local economy and Tasmanian tourism.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Salmon |first1=Gregor |title=Capital gains: How MONA got Hobart humming |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-13/mona-got-hobart-humming/7081376 |access-date=23 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=13 January 2016}}</ref>
[[File:James Turrell's Amarna at Mona 2015.jpg|thumb|center|700px|The [[Museum of Old and New Art]] (MONA), the largest privately owned museum in the Southern Hemisphere]]
Hobart shares its culture with other Australian cities, but has gained a reputation as a "cool" and creative cultural capital<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mocatta |first1=Gabi |title=Hip Hobart |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20130503-hip-hobart |access-date=23 June 2024 |agency=BBC News |date=10 May 2013}}</ref> with increased tourism and interest for its unconventional or quirky events and art projects (many spurred by the "[[Museum of Old and New Art|MONA]] effect").<ref>{{cite news |last1=Salmon |first1=Gregor |title=Capital gains: How MONA got Hobart humming |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-13/mona-got-hobart-humming/7081376 |access-date=23 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=13 January 2016}}</ref>


The city's nightlife is primarily concentrated in [[Salamanca Place]], North Hobart, the waterfront area, [[Elizabeth Street, Hobart|Elizabeth Street]] (which includes the pedestrianised [[Elizabeth Street Mall]]) and Sandy Bay. These areas are home to popular dining strips, pubs, bars and nightclubs.
The city's nightlife primarily revolves around [[Salamanca Place]], the waterfront area, Elizabeth St in North Hobart and Sandy Bay, but popular [[pub]]s, bars and [[nightclub]]s exist around the city as well. Major national and international music events are usually held at the [[Derwent Entertainment Centre]], or the [[Wrest Point Hotel Casino|Casino]]. Popular restaurant strips include [[Elizabeth Street, Hobart|Elizabeth Street]] in [[North Hobart, Tasmania|North Hobart]], and [[Salamanca Place]] near the waterfront. These include numerous ethnic restaurants including [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], [[Thai cuisine|Thai]], [[Greek cuisine|Greek]], [[Pakistani cuisine|Pakistani]], [[Italian cuisine|Italian]], [[Indian cuisine|Indian]] and [[Mexican cuisine|Mexican]]. The major shopping street in the CBD is [[Elizabeth Street, Hobart|Elizabeth Street]], with the pedestrianised [[Elizabeth Street Mall|Elizabeth Mall]] and the [[General Post Office, Hobart|General Post Office]].


===Arts and entertainment===
===Theatre and entertainment===
[[File:Theatre Royal Hobart.jpg|thumb|right|Established in 1837, [[Theatre Royal, Hobart|Theatre Royal]] is Australia's oldest continually operating theatre.]]
[[File:Theatre Royal Campbell Street Hobart Tasmania Australia.jpg|thumb|right|Established in 1837, [[Theatre Royal, Hobart|Theatre Royal]] is Australia's oldest continually operating theatre.]]
The [[Hobart City Centre]] has several theatres in continuous operation, comprising live theatre venues, picture theatres, and a single multiplex operated by [[Village Cinemas]].
The city centre is home to [[List of theatres in Hobart|several theatres]], including live theatre venues, picture palaces, and a multiplex operated by [[Village Cinemas]].


The [[Theatre Royal, Hobart|Theatre Royal]], established in 1837, is Australia's oldest continually operating theatre, designed by colonial architect [[John Lee Archer]].<ref>{{cite news |last=McIntyre |first=Paul |title=The Theatre Royal celebrates 175 years |url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2009/11/03/2731770.htm |access-date=24 May 2013 |date=3 November 2009 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |archive-date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116112220/http://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2009/11/03/2731770.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[Theatre Royal, Hobart|Theatre Royal]], established in 1837, is Australia's oldest continually operating theatre, designed by colonial architect [[John Lee Archer]].<ref>{{cite news |last=McIntyre |first=Paul |title=The Theatre Royal celebrates 175 years |url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2009/11/03/2731770.htm |access-date=24 May 2013 |date=3 November 2009 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |archive-date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116112220/http://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2009/11/03/2731770.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Another historic theatre is the Playhouse Theatre. Built in the 1860s, it was originally a chapel designed by [[Henry Bastow]]. Today, it is owned by the Hobart Repertory Theatre Society.
Hobart's theatre scene [[List of theatres in Hobart|encompasses additional venues]] such as the Playhouse Theatre. Built around 1864, the Playhouse Theatre was originally a chapel designed by [[Henry Bastow]]. Today, it is owned by the Hobart Repertory Theatre Society.


The [[State Cinema, North Hobart|State Cinema]] in [[North Hobart]] is Tasmania's largest arthouse cinema. The grand re-opening of the State Cinema was attended by Labor Prime Minister [[Gough Whitlam]] after it was purchased by the government-funded [[Australian Film Institute]] in 1976. The State Cinema was acquired by the US-owned [[Reading Cinemas]] chain in November 2019.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Shannon |title=Hobart's State Cinema, once saved by Gough Whitlam, enters new era after sale to Reading |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-20/hobart-state-cinema-sold-to-us-chain-reading/11721212 |publisher=abc.net.au |date=20 November 2019 |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref>
Hobart's largest arthouse cinema, the [[State Cinema, North Hobart|State Cinema]] in [[North Hobart]], was established as the North Hobart Picture Palace in 1913. It was acquired by the [[Reading Cinemas]] chain in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Shannon |title=Hobart's State Cinema, once saved by Gough Whitlam, enters new era after sale to Reading |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-20/hobart-state-cinema-sold-to-us-chain-reading/11721212 |publisher=abc.net.au |date=20 November 2019 |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref> Located in [[New Town, Tasmania|New Town]], the Rewind Cinema, formerly the Hidden Theatre, is housed in a 19th-century convict-built structure.<ref>{{cite web | title=About | website=Rewind Cinema | url=https://www.rewindcinema.net/about | access-date=20 February 2024}}</ref>
Located in [[New Town, Tasmania|New Town]], the Rewind Cinema, formerly The Hidden Theatre, adds to the city's cultural offerings, housed in a structure built in the 19th century by convicts under instruction from [[George Arthur]].<ref>{{cite web | title=About | website=Rewind Cinema | url=https://www.rewindcinema.net/about | access-date=20 February 2024}}</ref>


Another popular arts location is the [https://inthehanginggarden.com.au/ In the Hanging Garden] precinct (used by DarkLab for [[Dark Mofo]]), which contains the [[Odeon Theatre, Hobart|Odeon Theatre]], a live music venue called Altar,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aitken |first1=Sarah |title=‘The seats are wonky, it’s falling apart – but people love it’: is Hobart’s Odeon Australia’s best music venue? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/apr/14/the-odeon-hobart-australias-best-music-venues-gigs |access-date=20 June 2024 |agency=The Guardian Australia |date=14 April 2024}}</ref> and hosts the Hobart Festival of Comedy in March.
Another popular live entertainment location is the Hanging Garden precinct, which contains several venues<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aitken |first1=Sarah |title='The seats are wonky, it's falling apart – but people love it': is Hobart's Odeon Australia's best music venue? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/apr/14/the-odeon-hobart-australias-best-music-venues-gigs |access-date=20 June 2024 |agency=The Guardian Australia |date=14 April 2024}}</ref> and hosts [[Dark Mofo]] and Hobart Festival of Comedy events.


===Galleries and artworks===
===Galleries and museums===
[[File:Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, Tasmania.jpg|thumb|[[Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery]]]]
[[File:NZ7 2764 Hobart (47021917141).jpg|thumb|[[Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery]]]]
Australia's first privately funded museum, the [[Lady Franklin Gallery]], was established in Acanthe Park by [[Lady Jane Franklin]] in 1843 and is now run by [[The Art Society of Tasmania]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Lady Franklin Gallery |url=https://artstas.com.au/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=167994&module_id=410619 |website=The Art Society of Tasmania |access-date=1 April 2022 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401101334/https://artstas.com.au/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=167994&module_id=410619 |url-status=live }}</ref> Three years later, the [[Royal Society of Tasmania]] (the oldest [[Royal Society]] outside England) founded the [[Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery]] (TMAG). Its first permanent home opened in 1863 and the museum has gradually expanded to occupy several surrounding buildings, including the [[c:File:Commissariat Store Hobart 20171119-025.jpg|Commisariat Store]], built in 1810. The TMAG-run [[c:File:Narryna Heritage Museum in Hobart, Australia.jpg|Narryna]] was founded in 1955 as the Van Diemen's Land Memorial Folk Museum and is housed within an 1830s Georgian town house. [[Maritime Museum of Tasmania|Maritime Museum Tasmania]] is located near TMAG on the waterfront and has been in operation since 1974.
Hobart is home to the [[Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery]]. The Meadowbank Estate winery and restaurant features a floor mural by [[Tom Samek]], part funded by the Federal Government.<ref name=bell>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/australia/spoilt-for-choice-with-wine/story-e6frfq9i-1111113649193 |title=Spoilt for choice with wine |first=John |last=Bell |date=19 May 2007 |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]] |access-date=24 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411164304/http://www.news.com.au/travel/australia/spoilt-for-choice-with-wine/story-e6frfq9i-1111113649193 |archive-date=11 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Museum of Old and New Art]] (MONA) opened in 2011 to coincide with the third annual MONA FOMA festival. The multi-storey MONA gallery was built directly underneath the historic Sir Roy Grounds courtyard house, overlooking the River Derwent. This building serves as the entrance to the MONA Gallery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mona.net.au/ |title=MONA MOFO program 2011 |website=MONA |access-date=20 December 2010 |archive-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218104544/https://mona.net.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Lady Franklin Gallery]] became Australia's first privately funded museum when established by [[Lady Jane Franklin]] in 1843. [[The Art Society of Tasmania]] has operated from the premises since 1949.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Lady Franklin Gallery |url=https://artstas.com.au/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=167994&module_id=410619 |website=The Art Society of Tasmania |access-date=1 April 2022 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401101334/https://artstas.com.au/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=167994&module_id=410619 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Maritime Museum of Tasmania|Maritime Museum Tasmania]] is on Hobart's historic waterfront, and explores the influence of the sea on the lives of Tasmanians and the strong maritime heritage of the island.


The [[Museum of Old and New Art]] (MONA) opened in 2011 to coincide with the third annual MONA FOMA festival. Located within the [[Moorilla Estate|Moorilla]] winery on the [[Berriedale, Tasmania|Berriedale peninsula]], the multi-storey MONA gallery houses the collection of [[David Walsh (art collector)|David Walsh]] and is the Southern Hemisphere's largest privately owned museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mona.net.au/ |title=MONA MOFO program 2011 |website=MONA |access-date=20 December 2010 |archive-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218104544/https://mona.net.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Hobart has a growing [[street art]] scene thanks to a program called ''Hobart Walls'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hobartwalls.com/en/ |title=Home |website=Hobart Walls |access-date=2 February 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202221258/https://hobartwalls.com/en/ |url-status=live}}</ref> which was launched in association with the ''Vibrance Festival'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vibrancefestival.com/en/ |title=Home |website=Vibrance Festival |access-date=2 February 2020 |archive-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202221315/https://vibrancefestival.com/en/ |url-status=live}}</ref> an annual mural-painting event. The City of Hobart and Vibrance Festival launched Hobart's first legal street art wall in Bidencopes Lane in 2018, allowing any artist to paint there, on any day of the week, provided they sign up for a permit and paint between 9{{nbsp}}am and 10{{nbsp}}pm.{{cn|date=February 2024}}


===Literature===
===Literature===
Australia's first novel, ''[[Quintus Servinton]]'', was published in 1831 by convict [[Henry Savery]] and published in Hobart, where he wrote the work during his imprisonment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australia's First Novelist – The Book Show |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 November 2011 |access-date=3 March 2018 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bookshow/australias-first-novelist/3699100 |archive-date=19 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219023845/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bookshow/australias-first-novelist/3699100 |url-status=live }}</ref> A generally autobiographical work, it is the story of what happens to a well-educated man from a relatively well-to-do family, who makes poor choices in life.
The first book of general Australian literature was published in Hobart. Titled ''The Last and Worst of the Bushrangers of Van Diemen's Land'', it was printed by convict [[Andrew Bent]] and details the life and crimes [[Michael Howe (bushranger)|Michael Howe]], the [[bushranger]] and outlaw. In 1824, Bent, as proprietor of the ''[[Hobart Town Gazette]]'', established the first free press in Australia. The first Australian novel, ''[[Quintus Servinton]]'', was written in 1831 by convict [[Henry Savery]] and published in Hobart.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australia's First Novelist – The Book Show |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 November 2011 |access-date=3 March 2018 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bookshow/australias-first-novelist/3699100 |archive-date=19 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219023845/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bookshow/australias-first-novelist/3699100 |url-status=live }}</ref> Written during his imprisonment, it is a semi-autobiographical work about the life of a convict in Van Diemen's Land. [[Mary Leman Grimstone]], whose book ''Woman's Love'' was written in Hobart between 1826 and 1829, holds the distinction of being the author of the first non-biographical Australian novel. It was printed in London in 1832.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/quintus-servinton |title=Defining Moments - 1831: Australia's first novelist, Henry Savery, publishes Quintus Servinton |date=2022-09-28 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=[[National Museum Australia]] |archive-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019231009/https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/quintus-servinton |url-status=live }}</ref>


The [[State Library of Tasmania]] is located in the city centre and comprises the [[Allport Library and Museum of Fine Arts]], which houses an extensive collection of colonial works and artefacts. In 2023, Hobart became a UNESCO [[City of Literature]].<ref>{{cite web |title=How Hobart achieved the title of UNESCO City of Literature, and what it means for Tasmanian writers |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=7 November 2023 |access-date=19 August 2024 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-07/how-hobart-became-a-city-of-literature/103069122 }}</ref>
[[Mary Leman Grimstone]], whose book ''Woman's Love'' was written in Hobart between 1826 and 1829, holds the distinction of being the author of the first non-biographical Australian novel. It was printed in London in 1832.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/quintus-servinton |title=Defining Moments - 1831: Australia's first novelist, Henry Savery, publishes Quintus Servinton |date=2022-09-28 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=[[National Museum Australia]] |archive-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019231009/https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/quintus-servinton |url-status=live }}</ref>


===Music===
===Music===
[[File:ODEON - Night Mass.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Odeon Theatre, Hobart|Odeon Theatre]], a popular live music venue]]
The [[Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra]] is based at the [[Federation Concert Hall]] on the city's waterfront. The Federation Concert Hall also hosts the University of Tasmania's Australian International Symphony Orchestra Institute (AISOI) which fosters advanced young musicians from across Australia and internationally.
The [[Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra]] is based at the [[Hotel Grand Chancellor, Hobart#Federation Concert Hall|Federation Concert Hall]] on the city's waterfront. The Federation Concert Hall also hosts the University of Tasmania's Australian International Symphony Orchestra Institute (AISOI) which fosters advanced young musicians from across Australia and internationally. Other live music venues in Hobart include [[Odeon Theatre, Hobart|Odeon Theatre]], [[Avalon Theatre, Hobart|Avalon Theatre]] and [[Hobart City Hall]]. Major national and international music events are usually held at [[MyState Bank Arena]], or the Tasman Room at [[Wrest Point Hotel Casino]].


The city has long been home to a thriving classical, jazz, folk, punk, hip-hop, electro, metal, and rock music scene. Internationally recognised musicians such as metal acts [[Striborg]] and [[Psycroptic]], indie-electro bands [[The Paradise Motel]] and [[The Scientists of Modern Music]], singer-songwriters Sacha Lucashenko (of [[The Morning After Girls]]), Michael Noga (of [[The Drones (Australian band)|The Drones]]), and [[Monique Brumby]], two-thirds of indie rock band [[Love of Diagrams]], post punk band [[Sea Scouts (band)|Sea Scouts]], [[theremin]] player [[Miles Brown (musician)|Miles Brown]], blues guitarist [[Phil Manning (musician)|Phil Manning]] (of blues-rock band [[Chain (band)|Chain]]), power-pop group [[The Innocents (Australian band)|The Innocents]], and [[TikTok]] artist [[Kim Dracula]] all originated in Hobart. [[Close Shave]], one of Australia's longest serving male [[a cappella]] quartets, is based in Hobart. In addition, founding member of [[Violent Femmes]], [[Brian Ritchie]], now calls Hobart home, and has formed a local band, The Green Mist. Ritchie also curates the annual international arts festival [[MONA FOMA]], held at [[Salamanca Place]]'s waterfront venue, Princes Wharf, Shed No. 1.
The city's music scene has given rise to internationally acclaimed acts working in a variety of genres, including [[Striborg]] and [[Psycroptic]] (metal), [[The Paradise Motel]] (chamber pop), [[Sea Scouts (band)|Sea Scouts]] (noise rock), and [[Monique Brumby]] (indie pop). Other Hobart musicians have co-founded successful mainland Australian bands, including singer-songwriters Sacha Lucashenko (of [[The Morning After Girls]]) and Michael Noga (of [[The Drones (Australian band)|The Drones]]), and multi-instrumentalist [[Monika Fikerle]] (of [[Love of Diagrams]]). Theremin player [[Miles Brown (musician)|Miles Brown]], blues guitarist [[Phil Manning (musician)|Phil Manning]] (of blues-rock band [[Chain (band)|Chain]]), and [[TikTok]] artist [[Kim Dracula]] all originated in Hobart. In addition, founding member of [[Violent Femmes]], [[Brian Ritchie]], now calls Hobart home, and curated the annual international arts festival [[MONA FOMA]]. [[Chloe Alison Escott]] is from Hobart, and founded [[The Native Cats]] with Julian Teakle.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hennessey |first1=Kate |title=A day out with The Native Cats in Hobart |url=https://www.nme.com/features/native-cats-hobart-tasmania-city-tour-3009829 |access-date=9 September 2024 |work=NME |date=4 August 2021}}</ref>


===Events===
===Events===
[[File:Dark Mofo Winter Feast - 30494275558.jpg|thumb|left|Winter Feast during the [[Dark Mofo]] arts and music festival]]
[[File:Hobart Wharfchancellor.jpg|thumb|Hobart's Constitution Dock is the arrival point for yachts after they have completed the [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] and is a scene of celebration during the new year festivities]]
Hobart's recurring events consist of weekly markets, most notably [[Salamanca Market]]. The city also hosts festivals including [[Taste of Tasmania]], which celebrates local produce, wine and music; [[Dark Mofo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://darkmofo.net.au/ |title=Home |website=Dark Mofo |access-date=31 October 2019 |archive-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116135056/https://darkmofo.net.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which is the city's biggest winter festival leading into the solstice featuring the Winter Feast; and Tasmania's biennial international arts festival [[Ten Days On The Island]]. Other festivals, including the [[Southern Roots Festival]] and the [[Falls Festival]] in [[Marion Bay, Tasmania|Marion Bay]], also capitalise on Hobart's artistic communities.


The [[Australian Wooden Boat Festival]] is a biennial event held in Hobart celebrating wooden boats. It is held concurrently with the [[Royal Hobart Regatta]], which began in 1830 and is therefore Tasmania's oldest surviving sporting event. The [[Sandy Bay, Tasmania|Sandy Bay]] Regatta began in 1849.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABOUT SANDY BAY REGATTA |url=https://www.sandybayregatta.com.au/ |website=Sandy Bay Regatta |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> In October is [[Royal Hobart Show|Hobart Show Day]] where agriculture is showcased at the [[Hobart Showground]] in [[Glenorchy, Tasmania|Glenorchy]].
Hobart's recurring events consist of weekly markets, such as the famous [[Salamanca Market]], the [https://farmgatemarket.com.au/ Farm Gate Market], and [https://hobarttwilightmarket.com.au/ Twilight Market], but the city also hosts many significant festivals including summer's [[Taste of Tasmania]] which celebrates local produce, wine and music, [[Dark Mofo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://darkmofo.net.au/ |title=Home |website=Dark Mofo |access-date=31 October 2019 |archive-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116135056/https://darkmofo.net.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which is the biggest [[winter festival]] leading into the solstice featuring the Winter Feast and [[Ogoh-ogoh]], Australia's premier festival celebration of voice the ''Festival of Voices'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festivalofvoices.com/ |title=Home |website=Festival of Voices |access-date=22 October 2013 |archive-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104052236/https://festivalofvoices.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Tasmania's biennial international arts festival [[Ten Days On The Island]]. Other festivals, including the ''Hobart Fringe Festival'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hobartfringe.org |title=Home |website=Hobart Fringe Festival |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109140038/http://www.hobartfringe.org/ |archive-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> [[Southern Roots Festival]], the [[Falls Festival]] in [[Marion Bay, Tasmania|Marion Bay]], the [https://www.clarenceartsandevents.net/clarence-jazz-festival-2024/ Clarence Jazz Festival], the ''Breath of Fresh Air'' [[film festival]] ([https://breath-of-fresh-air.com.au/ BOFA]) and the ''Soundscape Festival'' also capitalise on Hobart's artistic communities.


The [[Hobart International]] is an annual tennis tournament held since 1994. The city is the finishing point of the [[Targa Tasmania]] rally car event, which has been held annually in April since 1991.
Hobart is internationally famous among the yachting community as the finish of the [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] which starts in Sydney on [[Boxing Day]] (the day after Christmas Day). The arrival of the yachts is celebrated as part of the [[Hobart Summer Festival]], a food and wine festival beginning just after [[Christmas]] and ending in mid-January. The [[Taste of Tasmania]] is a major part of the festival held around [[Elizabeth Street, Hobart|Elizabeth Street Pier]] and the [[Princes Wharf, Hobart|PW1 convention centre]], where locals and visitors can taste fine local and international food and wine. Later is the [[Pride festival|TasPride Festival]] which features a parade.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmania |url=https://australianpridenetwork.com.au/lgbtiq-festivals/tasmania/ |website=Australian Pride Network |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Leading up to Christmas in November is the [[Myer]] Christmas Pageant<ref>{{cite web |title=Christmas |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Community/Christmas |website=City of Hobart |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> which has been held since 1982.

The [[Australian Wooden Boat Festival]] is a biennial event held in Hobart celebrating wooden boats. It is held concurrently with the [[Royal Hobart Regatta]], which began in 1830 and is therefore Tasmania's oldest surviving sporting event. The [[Sandy Bay, Tasmania|Sandy Bay]] Regatta began in 1849.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABOUT SANDY BAY REGATTA |url=https://www.sandybayregatta.com.au/ |website=Sandy Bay Regatta |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Further up the [[Queens Domain|Domain]], the annual [[Tulip Festival]] at the [[Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens]] is a popular Spring celebration in the city. In October is [[Royal Hobart Show|Hobart Show Day]] where agriculture is showcased at the [[Hobart Showground]] in [[Glenorchy, Tasmania|Glenorchy]]. With a focus on science and education, during August is the [https://www.beakerstreet.com.au/ Beaker Street Festival] (since 2016) and the city celebrates its status as a gateway city with the biennial [https://www.mawsons-huts.org.au/antarctic-festival Australian Antarctic Festival].
[[File:Wrest Point Casino.jpg|thumb|left|Designed by the prolific architect [[Roy Grounds]], the 17-storey [[Wrest Point Hotel Casino]] in [[Sandy Bay, Tasmania|Sandy Bay]], opened as Australia's first legal [[casino]] in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Australia's first legal casino opens at Hobart's Wrest Point - 80 Days That Changed Our Lives - ABC Archives |url=https://www.abc.net.au/archives/80days/stories/2012/01/19/3411571.htm |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en}}</ref>|241x241px]]

The [https://www.hobartrunthebridge.com.au/event-information/event-details Think Big Run the Bridge] [[fun run]] has been held since 2009. Also in march, the [[kunanyi]] Mountain Run features a culture festival in [[South Hobart]] which encourages connection with the mountain's ecosystem, Country and [[Aboriginal Tasmanians#Culture|Palawa culture]], including [[smoking ceremony|smoking ceremonies]].<ref>{{cite web |title=runHub, Mountain Culture Festival |url=https://kunanyimountain.run/festival |website=kunanyi mountain run |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Reconciliation Tasmania also holds events for [[NAIDOC Week|NAIDOC]] and [[Reconciliation Week|Reconciliation Weeks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Events |url=https://rectas.com.au/events |website=Reconciliation Tasmania |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> The [[Hobart International]] is an annual tennis tournament held since 1994. An [[Ironman 70.3]] is held in Hobart in February (since 2023) with the courses centred around the [[Derwent Estuary|harbour]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IRONMAN 70.3 TASMANIA |url=https://www.ironman.com/im703-tasmania |website=IRONMAN |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> The city is the finishing point of the [[Targa Tasmania]] rally car event, which has been held annually in April since 1991.

Reflecting Hobart's growing diversity of communities, a Tasmanian Multicultural Festival is held after the Sandy Bay Regatta<ref>{{cite web |title=Harmony - Tasmanian Multicultural Festival |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Community/Events-and-activities/Upcoming-events/Harmony-Tasmanian-Multicultural-Festival |website=City of Hobart |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> along with the Together Festival for [[Harmony Week]].<ref>{{cite news |title=City of Hobart to celebrate Harmony Week |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Council/News-publications-and-announcements/Media-centre/City-of-Hobart-to-celebrate-Harmony-Week |access-date=20 June 2024 |publisher=City of Hobart |date=19 March 2024}}</ref> The [https://www.clarenceartsandevents.net/storyfestival/ Story Festival] also explores cultures over 9 days in [[Clarence City]] (since 2021). A broad itinerary of events of cultural significance are held across the region by associations representing diasporas within Hobart. Events include: [[Pongal (festival)|Thai-Pongal]] (by the [[Tamil Australians|Tamil Association of Tasmania]]), the [[Sinhalese New Year]], the Festival of Lights [[Diwali]] by Deepavali Tasmania,<ref>{{cite web |title=Diwali |url=https://www.diwalitas.org.au/ |website=Deepavali Tasmania Inc |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> numerous events by the [[Nepalese Australians|Nepali Society]] of Tasmania such as the [[Holi]] Colour Festival, [[Tihar (festival)|Tihar]], the [[Nepal Sambat#New Year|Nepalese New Year]] and a Nepal Fair,<ref>{{cite web |title=Events |url=https://www.nepali-tas.org.au/events/ |website=Nepali Society of Tasmania |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> from the [[Chinese Australians|Chinese Community Association]] of Tasmania including the [[Chinese Lunar New Year]], [[Mid-Autumn Festival]] and [[Dragon Boat Festival]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Events |url=https://ccat.au/events/ |website=Chinese Community Association of Tasmania Inc |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> the Tasmania Chinese [[Lantern Festival]] (by the Australian [[Fujian]] Association Tasmania), a Malay Cultural Festival (by the Tasmanian [[Malay Australian|Malay Cultural Society]]), numerous events by the [[Japanese Australians|Australia-Japan Society]] of Tasmania such as [[sister city]] relations with [[Yaizu]] and [[Children's Day (Japan)|Kodomo no hi]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Events |url=https://www.ajstas.org.au/events |website=Australia-Japan Society of Tasmania Inc |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> and the Festa Italia by the [[Italian Australians|Australian Italian Club]] Hobart in [[North Hobart]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Festa Italia |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Community/Events-and-activities/Upcoming-events/Festa-Italia |website=City of Hobart |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref>

[[Franklin Square (Hobart)|Franklin Square]] is becoming an increasingly popular event space for people to get together and is the site of [https://www.streeteatsfranko.com.au/ Street Eats @ Franko] on Fridays from December to April.


===Sport===
===Sport===
{{See also|Sport in Tasmania}}
{{See also|Sport in Tasmania}}
[[File:Bellerive oval hobart.jpg|thumb|left|[[Blundstone Arena]] is home to [[cricket]] and [[Australian rules football]], Hobart's two most popular spectator sports.]]
[[File:Bellerive oval hobart.jpg|thumb|[[Bellerive Oval]] hosts [[cricket]] and [[Australian rules football]], Hobart's two most popular spectator sports.]]
[[File:Hobart Wharfchancellor.jpg|thumb|Hobart's Constitution Dock is the arrival point for yachts after they have completed the [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] and is a scene of celebration during the new year festivities]]

Most professional Hobart-based sports teams represent Tasmania as a whole rather than exclusively the city.
Most professional Hobart-based sports teams represent Tasmania as a whole rather than exclusively the city.


[[Cricket]] is a popular game of the city. The [[Tasmanian Tigers]] cricket team plays its home games at the [[Bellerive Oval]] on the Eastern Shore. A new team, [[Hobart Hurricanes]] represent the city in the [[Big Bash League]]. [[Bellerive Oval]] has been the breeding ground of some world class cricket players including the former Australia captain [[Ricky Ponting]].
[[Cricket]] is a popular sport in Hobart. The [[Tasmanian Tigers]] cricket team plays its home games at [[Bellerive Oval]] on the Eastern Shore, and the [[Hobart Hurricanes]] compete in the [[Big Bash League]].


On May 3, 2023, Tasmania was awarded a conditional license to become the league's 19th AFL team. It is anticipated that the men's team will be established and join the AFL in 2028. The conditional license is contingent on a 23,000 seat roofed stadium to be built for the team at Macquarie Point in Hobart. Tasmania will be the first expansion side of the AFL since 2010, when the GWS Giants were awarded a license, and joined the competition as an active participant in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Press |first=Australian Associated |date=2023-05-03 |title=Tasmania granted 19th AFL team licence with 2028 slated for men’s start date |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/02/tasmania-granted-19th-afl-team-licence-after-club-presidents-unanimous-support |access-date=2024-03-21 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On March 18, 2024, it was announced that the new AFL team would be known as the Tasmanian Devils. The colours, mascot and jumper were all unveiled on this date. The club chose the myrtle green, primrose yellow and rose red as its official colours, which constitutes the make up of the jumper design.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=Celebration as new Tassie logo, jumper and colours revealed |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/1086666/watch-live-tasmanias-afl-team-revealed |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref> Local domestic club football is still played. [[Tasmanian Football League|Tasmanian State League]] football features five clubs from Hobart, and other leagues such as [[Southern Football League (Tasmania)|Southern Football League]] and the Old Scholars Football Association are also played each Winter.
[[Australian rules football]] was introduced to Hobart in the 1860s and has long been the city's most popular spectator sport. Founded in 1879 and headquartered at Hobart, the [[Tasmanian Football League]] features four Hobart-based clubs: [[Clarence Football Club|Clarence]], [[Glenorchy Football Club|Glenorchy]], [[Lauderdale Football Club|Lauderdale]] and [[North Hobart Football Club|North Hobart]]. Hobart-based teams also play in the [[Southern Football League (Tasmania)|Southern Football League]]. Hobart has hosted [[Australian Football League]] (AFL) matches since 1991, and in 2023, Tasmania was awarded a conditional license to field the league's [[Tasmania Football Club|19th AFL team]], nicknamed the Tasmanian Devils. The conditional license is contingent on a 23,000 seat roofed stadium being built at Hobart's Macquarie Point. It is anticipated that the men's team will join the AFL by 2028.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=2023-05-03 |title=Tasmania granted 19th AFL team licence with 2028 slated for men's start date |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/02/tasmania-granted-19th-afl-team-licence-after-club-presidents-unanimous-support |access-date=2024-03-21 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=Celebration as new Tassie logo, jumper and colours revealed |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/1086666/watch-live-tasmanias-afl-team-revealed |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref>


Tasmania is not represented by teams in the [[National Rugby League]], nor the [[Super Rugby]] (rugby union), [[ANZ Championship]] (netball) and [[A-League]] (soccer) competitions. However, the [[Tasmania JackJumpers]] entered the [[National Basketball League (Australia)|National Basketball League]] in 2021. The [[Hobart Chargers]] also represent Hobart in the second-tier [[South East Australian Basketball League]].
The city has two local [[rugby league]] football teams (Hobart Tigers and South Hobart Storm) that compete in the [[Tasmanian Rugby League]].


Hobart is internationally famous among the yachting community as the finish of the [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] which starts in Sydney on Boxing Day. The arrival of the yachts is celebrated as part of the [[Hobart Summer Festival]], a food and wine festival beginning just after Christmas and ending in mid-January.
Tasmania is not represented by teams in the [[National Rugby League|NRL]], [[Super Rugby]], [[ANZ Championship]] or [[A-League]]. However, the [[Tasmania JackJumpers]] entered the [[National Basketball League (Australia)|NBL]] in the 2021/22 season. The [[Hobart Chargers]] also represent Hobart in the second-tier [[South East Australian Basketball League]]. Besides the bid for an [[Australian Football League|AFL]] club which was passed over in favour of [[Gold Coast Football Club|a second Queensland team]], despite several major local businesses and the Premier pioneering for a club, there is also a [[Tasmania United FC|Hobart bid]] for entry into the A-League.


The [[Tassie Tigers]] field men's and women's representative sides in the national hockey league, [[Hockey One]] (which replaced the [[Australian Hockey League]] in 2019). They play their home matches at the [[Tasmanian Hockey Centre]] in New Town near Cornelian Bay, which features three synthetic hockey pitches that have also hosted international competition such as the [[Men's FIH Pro League]] as recently as 2019. The [[Australia men's national field hockey team|Kookaburras]] current co-Captain and games record holder, [[Eddie Ockenden]], is a product of the Hobart-based club [[North West Hobart Graduates Hockey Club|North West Graduates]].
The [[Tassie Tigers]] field men's and women's representative sides in [[Hockey One]], which replaced the [[Australian Hockey League]] in 2019. They play their home matches at the [[Tasmanian Hockey Centre]], which has also hosted international competition matches, such as the [[Men's FIH Pro League]].


The city co-hosted the basketball [[FIBA Oceania Championship 1975]], where the [[Australian national basketball team]] won the gold medal.
The city co-hosted the basketball [[FIBA Oceania Championship 1975]], where the [[Australian national basketball team]] won the gold medal.


===Media===
===Media===
[[File:Mount Wellington lookout.jpg|thumb|right|The main television and radio transmitter of Hobart behind the lookout building near the summit of Mount Wellington]]
[[File:Mountain Organ Pipes 2022.jpg|thumb|right|The {{convert|130|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall television and radio transmitter of Hobart is to the left over the Organ Pipes of kunanyi / Mt Wellington]]
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:left;"
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:left;"
! Station !! Frequency !!
! Station !! Frequency !!
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The majority of [[pay television]] services are provided by [[Foxtel]] via satellite, although other smaller pay television providers do service Hobart.
The majority of [[pay television]] services are provided by [[Foxtel]] via satellite, although other smaller pay television providers do service Hobart.


Commercial radio stations licensed to cover the Hobart market include [[Triple M Hobart]], [[HIT 100.9|hit100.9 Hobart]] and [[7HO FM]]. Local community radio stations include Christian radio station [[Ultra106five]], [[Edge Radio]] and [[Hobart FM]] which targets the wider community with specialist programmes. The five ABC radio networks available on analogue radio broadcast to Hobart via [[936 ABC Hobart]], [[Radio National]], [[Triple J]], [[NewsRadio]] and [[ABC Classic FM]]. Hobart is also home to the video creation company [[Biteable]].
Commercial radio stations licensed to cover the Hobart market include [[Triple M Hobart]], [[HIT 100.9|hit100.9 Hobart]] and [[7HO FM]]. Local community radio stations include Christian radio station [[Ultra106five]], [[Edge Radio]] and [[Hobart FM]] which targets the wider community with specialist programs. The five ABC radio networks available on analogue radio broadcast to Hobart via [[936 ABC Hobart]], [[Radio National]], [[Triple J]], [[NewsRadio]] and [[ABC Classic FM]]. Hobart is also home to the video creation company [[Biteable]].


Hobart's major newspaper is ''[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury]]'', which was founded by [[John Davies (publisher)|John Davies]] in 1854 and has been continually published ever since. The paper is owned and operated by [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[News Limited]]. [[Pulse Tasmania]], formerly Pulse Hobart, started as a radio station in Hobart and focuses mainly on short-form [[Online newspaper|news media on its website]].
Hobart's major newspaper is ''[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury]]'', which was founded by [[John Davies (publisher)|John Davies]] in 1854 and has been continually published ever since. The paper is owned and operated by [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[News Limited]]. [[Pulse Tasmania]], formerly Pulse Hobart, started as a radio station in Hobart and focuses mainly on short-form [[Online newspaper|news media on its website]].


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
[[File:Hobart CBD.JPG|thumb|The Hobart metropolitan area and its surrounds]]
At the 2021 census, there were 247,068 people in the Greater Hobart.{{r|ABS}} The [[City of Hobart]] local government area had a population of 55,077.
At the 2021 census, there were 247,068 people in the Greater Hobart.{{r|ABS}} The [[City of Hobart]] local government area had a population of 55,077.


Line 664: Line 661:
==Economy==
==Economy==
{{See also|Economy of Tasmania}}
{{See also|Economy of Tasmania}}
[[File:Wrest Point Casino.jpg|thumb|Designed by [[Roy Grounds]], the 17-storey [[Wrest Point Hotel Casino]] in [[Sandy Bay, Tasmania|Sandy Bay]], opened as Australia's first legal casino in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-18 |title=Australia's first legal casino opens at Hobart's Wrest Point - 80 Days That Changed Our Lives - ABC Archives |url=https://www.abc.net.au/archives/80days/stories/2012/01/19/3411571.htm |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en}}</ref>|241x241px]]
[[File:Franklin Wharf Hobart 20171120-031.jpg|thumb|[[Hobart City Centre]] is the state's biggest [[Central business district|financial centre]]]]

In 2021, Greater Hobart's main occupations were professionals and service workers, trades, administration and management and other labour professions working in industries such as healthcare, the public service, and supermarkets and small businesses. Incomes are higher than the rest of Tasmania, but lower than the Australian median.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greater Hobart 2021 Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/6GHOB |website=ABS |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> These employment areas are reflected by the gross value added provided by industries, which is greatest among the "healthcare and social assistance (17%), public administration and safety (11%), and financial and insurance services (10%)." Healthcare is also the fastest-growing, while services and construction have the highest business count. The vast majority of this economic production is concentrated in the [[City of Hobart]] area, except manufacturing which is higher in [[Glenorchy City]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Background Paper 1: Greater Hobart Area Profile |url=https://www.greaterhobart.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/283010/Background_Paper_-_1._Greater_Hobart_Area_Profile_as_at_Mar_2021.pdf |website=Greater Hobart Committee |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>
In 2021, Greater Hobart's main occupations were professionals and service workers, trades, administration and management and other labour professions working in industries such as healthcare, the public service, and supermarkets and small businesses. Incomes are higher than the rest of Tasmania, but lower than the Australian median.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greater Hobart 2021 Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/6GHOB |website=ABS |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> These employment areas are reflected by the gross value added provided by industries, which is greatest among the "healthcare and social assistance (17%), public administration and safety (11%), and financial and insurance services (10%)." Healthcare is also the fastest-growing, while services and construction have the highest business count. The vast majority of this economic production is concentrated in the [[City of Hobart]] area, except manufacturing which is higher in [[Glenorchy City]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Background Paper 1: Greater Hobart Area Profile |url=https://www.greaterhobart.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/283010/Background_Paper_-_1._Greater_Hobart_Area_Profile_as_at_Mar_2021.pdf |website=Greater Hobart Committee |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>


Major shopping areas include the [[Elizabeth Street Mall]] (the only fully-pedestrianised block in the city), which is connected with the Cat and Fiddle Arcade, Centrepoint and [[Liverpool Street, Hobart|Liverpool Street]] in the CBD, Mayfair Shopping Plaza on [[Sandy Bay Road]], [[New Town, Tasmania|New Town]] Plaza, [[Moonah, Tasmania|Moonah]] Central (near a foodmarket), [[Northgate Shopping Centre]] and Centro in Glenorchy, [[Claremont, Tasmania|Claremont]] Plaza, [[Eastlands Shopping Centre]] (Tasmania's biggest) in Rosny Park, [[Lindisfarne, Tasmania|Lindisfarne]] village, Shoreline Plaza in Howrah, [[Rokeby, Tasmania|Glebe Hill]] Village Shopping Centre, [[Cambridge, Tasmania|Cambridge]] Homemaker Centre by the airport, [[Green Point, Tasmania|Green Point]] Plaza and Covehill Fair Shopping Centre in Bridgewater, [[New Norfolk]], and [[Channel Court Shopping Centre]] and Kingston Town Shopping Centre in Kingston.
Major shopping areas include the [[Elizabeth Street Mall]] (the only fully-pedestrianised block in the city), which is connected with the Cat and Fiddle Arcade, Centrepoint and [[Liverpool Street, Hobart|Liverpool Street]] in the CBD, Mayfair Shopping Plaza on [[Sandy Bay Road]], [[New Town, Tasmania|New Town]] Plaza, [[Moonah, Tasmania|Moonah]] Central (near a foodmarket), [[Northgate Shopping Centre]] and Centro in Glenorchy, [[Claremont, Tasmania|Claremont]] Plaza, [[Eastlands Shopping Centre]] (Tasmania's biggest) in Rosny Park, [[Lindisfarne, Tasmania|Lindisfarne]] village, Shoreline Plaza in Howrah, [[Rokeby, Tasmania|Glebe Hill]] Village Shopping Centre, [[Cambridge, Tasmania|Cambridge]] Homemaker Centre by the airport, [[Green Point, Tasmania|Green Point]] Plaza and Covehill Fair Shopping Centre in Bridgewater, [[New Norfolk]], and [[Channel Court Shopping Centre]] and Kingston Town Shopping Centre in Kingston.


Shipping is significant to the city's economy. The city is a popular cruise ship destination during the summer months, with 47 such ships docking during the course of the 2016–17 summer season, and $34.5 million in direct expenditure in 2017 (an average spend of $172 per passenger).
Shipping is significant to the city's economy. Hobart is the home port for the [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] activities of Australia and France. The port loads around 2,000 tonnes of Antarctic cargo a year for the Australian research vessel ''[[RSV Nuyina|Nuyina]]<ref>{{cite news |title=New Antarctic icebreaker docks in Hobart |url=https://7news.com.au/technology/nations-new-icebreaker-to-reach-hobart-c-4249737 |access-date=26 June 2022 |work=7NEWS |publisher=7 News |date=15 October 2021 |language=en |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626105647/https://7news.com.au/technology/nations-new-icebreaker-to-reach-hobart-c-4249737 |url-status=live }}</ref> (previously the [[Aurora Australis (icebreaker)|Aurora Australis]]).''<ref>{{cite news |last=Collyer |first=Sam |title=Potential Antarctic boost for Hobart port |work=[[Lloyd's List]] Daily Commercial News |publisher=Informa Australia |date=5 August 2008 |url=http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/informaoz/LLDCN/news/daily-news/1217861971938/Potential-Antarctic-boost-for-Hobart-port.html |access-date=15 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806031050/http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/informaoz/LLDCN/news/daily-news/1217861971938/Potential-Antarctic-boost-for-Hobart-port.html |archive-date=6 August 2008}}</ref> The city is also a popular [[cruise ship]] destination during the summer months, with 47 such ships docking during the course of the 2016–17 summer season, and $34.5 million in direct expenditure in 2017 (an average spend of $172 per passenger).


Tourism is a significant part of the economy, with visitors coming to the city to explore its historic inner suburbs and nationally acclaimed restaurants and cafes, as well as its vibrant music and nightlife culture. The two major draw-cards are the weekly market in [[Salamanca Place]], and the [[Museum of Old and New Art]]. The city is also used as a base from which to explore the rest of Tasmania.
Tourism is a significant part of the economy, with visitors coming to the city to explore its historic inner suburbs and nationally acclaimed restaurants and cafes, as well as its vibrant music and nightlife culture. The two major draw-cards are the weekly market in [[Salamanca Place]], and the [[Museum of Old and New Art]]. The city is also used as a base from which to explore the rest of Tasmania.
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===Antarctic gateway===
===Antarctic gateway===
[[File:Aurora Australis (icebreaker) berthed in Hobart under a rainbow.jpg|thumb|left|400px|The icebreakers ''[[Aurora Australis (icebreaker)|Aurora Australis]]'' and ''[[Ywam Liberty|L'Astrolabe]]'' berthed in Hobart]]
[[File:Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies 20171117-005.jpg|thumb|Research institutions are spread across Hobart and include [[Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies|IMAS]] at [[Princes Wharf, Hobart|Salamanca Wharf]]]]
Hobart is an [[Antarctic Gateway Cities|Antarctic gateway city]], with geographical proximity to East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Infrastructure is provided by the port of Hobart for scientific research and cruise ships, and [[Hobart International Airport]] supports an Antarctic Airlink to Wilkins Runway at [[Casey Station]]. Hobart is a logistics point for the Australian vessel [[RSV Nuyina|''Nuyina'']] and French icebreaker [[L'Astrolabe (2016 icebreaker)|''L'Astrolabe'']].
Hobart is an [[Antarctic Gateway Cities|Antarctic gateway city]], with geographical proximity to East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Infrastructure is provided by the port of Hobart for scientific research and cruise ships, and [[Hobart Airport]] supports an Antarctic Airlink to Wilkins Runway at [[Casey Station]]. Hobart is a logistics point for the Australian vessel [[RSV Nuyina|''Nuyina'']] and French icebreaker [[L'Astrolabe (2016 icebreaker)|''L'Astrolabe'']].


Hobart is the home port for the Australian and French Antarctic programs, and provides port services for other visiting Antarctic nations and Antarctic cruise ships. Antarctic and Southern Ocean expeditions are supported by a specialist cluster offering cold climate products, services and scientific expertise. The majority of these businesses and organisations are members of the [[Tasmanian polar network]], supported in part by the Tasmanian State Government.
Hobart is the home port for the Australian and French Antarctic programs, and provides port services for other visiting Antarctic nations and Antarctic cruise ships. Antarctic and Southern Ocean expeditions are supported by a specialist cluster offering cold climate products, services and scientific expertise. The majority of these businesses and organisations are members of the [[Tasmanian polar network]], supported in part by the Tasmanian State Government.


Tasmania has a high concentration of Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientists. Hobart is home to the following Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientific institutions:
Tasmania has a high concentration of Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientists. Hobart is home to the following Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientific institutions:
[[File:Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Hobart.jpg|thumb|The [[Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies]] at [[Princes Wharf, Hobart|Salamanca Wharf]]]]
* [[Australian Antarctic Division]]
* [[Australian Antarctic Division]]
* [[Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources|Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources]] (CCAMLR)
* [[Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources|Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources]] (CCAMLR)
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===Local===
===Local===
{{See also|Hobart City|Glenorchy City|Clarence City}}
{{See also|Hobart City|Glenorchy City|Clarence City}}
[[File:Hobart Town Hall 01 (2).jpg|thumb|[[Hobart Town Hall]]]]
Greater Hobart as of the 2021 Census is divided into seven local government areas - three of which are designated as cities, [[City of Hobart]], [[City of Glenorchy]] and [[City of Clarence]]. The remaining metropolitan area is within the [[Municipality of Kingborough]], the [[Brighton Council (Tasmania)|Municipality of Brighton]], the [[Sorell Council|Municipality of Sorell]] and the [[Derwent Valley Council|Municipality of Derwent Valley]].{{r|ABS}} Each local government area has an elected council which manages functions delegated by the Tasmanian state government such as roads, planning, animal control and parks. Mains water and sewerage processing are serviced by [[TasWater]], which is a state-wide authority part owned by the state government and local government areas.
Greater Hobart as of the 2021 Census is divided into seven local government areas - three of which are designated as cities, [[City of Hobart]], [[City of Glenorchy]] and [[City of Clarence]]. The remaining metropolitan area is within the [[Municipality of Kingborough]], the [[Brighton Council (Tasmania)|Municipality of Brighton]], the [[Sorell Council|Municipality of Sorell]] and the [[Derwent Valley Council|Municipality of Derwent Valley]].{{r|ABS}} Each local government area has an elected council which manages functions delegated by the Tasmanian state government such as roads, planning, animal control and parks. Mains water and sewerage processing are serviced by [[TasWater]], which is a state-wide authority part owned by the state government and local government areas.


===State===
===State===
[[File:Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG|thumb|Parliament House of Tasmania]]
{{See also|Division of Clark (state)|Electoral division of Hobart|Electoral division of Elwick|Electoral division of Nelson (Tasmania)|Pembroke, Tasmania|Electoral division of Rumney|Electoral division of Derwent|label 1=Clark (House of Assembly)|label 2=Hobart|label 3=Elwick|label 4=Nelson|label 5=Pembroke|label 6=Rumney|label 7=Derwent (Legislative Council)}}
{{See also|Division of Clark (state)|Electoral division of Hobart|Electoral division of Elwick|Electoral division of Nelson (Tasmania)|Pembroke, Tasmania|Electoral division of Rumney|Electoral division of Derwent|label 1=Clark (House of Assembly)|label 2=Hobart|label 3=Elwick|label 4=Nelson|label 5=Pembroke|label 6=Rumney|label 7=Derwent (Legislative Council)}}
[[File:Public Buildings Hobart 20171120-003.jpg|thumb|upright|Franklin Square Offices]]
Hobart is the seat of the [[Parliament of Tasmania]], located at [[Parliament House, Hobart|Parliament House]], Salamanca Place, and the location of the official residence of the [[Governor of Tasmania]], [[Government House, Hobart|Government House]].
Hobart is the seat of the [[Parliament of Tasmania]], located at [[Parliament House, Hobart|Parliament House]], Salamanca Place, and the location of the official residence of the [[Governor of Tasmania]], [[Government House, Hobart|Government House]].


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Hobart was made the seat of government for the southern district of Tasmania (then called [[Van Diemen's Land]]), [[Buckingham Land District|Buckingham County]] in 1804, with the northern half of the state separately governed from [[Port Dalrymple]], now George Town. At the time, Van Diemen's Land remained part of the [[Colony of New South Wales]]. In 1812, the northern lieutenant governorship ceased and Hobart become de facto seat of government for the entire island. Hobart officially became capital of an independent colony of Van Diemen's Land in 1825, and the seat of responsible self government in 1850 with the [[Australian Constitutions Act 1850]].
Hobart was made the seat of government for the southern district of Tasmania (then called [[Van Diemen's Land]]), [[Buckingham Land District|Buckingham County]] in 1804, with the northern half of the state separately governed from [[Port Dalrymple]], now George Town. At the time, Van Diemen's Land remained part of the [[Colony of New South Wales]]. In 1812, the northern lieutenant governorship ceased and Hobart become de facto seat of government for the entire island. Hobart officially became capital of an independent colony of Van Diemen's Land in 1825, and the seat of responsible self government in 1850 with the [[Australian Constitutions Act 1850]].


==Infrastructure==
==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Hobart}}

===Education===
{{See also|Education in Tasmania|Tasmania Tomorrow}}
[[File:UTAS Centenary Building.jpg|thumb|right|[[University of Tasmania]]'s Centenary Building, Sandy Bay campus]]

The Greater Hobart area contains 122 primary, secondary and pretertiary (College) schools distributed throughout Clarence, Glenorchy and Hobart City Councils and Kingborough and Brighton Municipalities. These schools are made up of a mix of public, catholic, private and independent run, with the heaviest distribution lying in the more densely populated West around the Hobart city core. The [[Department for Education, Children and Young People]] is responsible for government schools and [[Libraries Tasmania]], which operates literacy services and libraries across the region, including the [[State Library of Tasmania]] where it is headquartered.

Hobart is home to the main campus of the [[University of Tasmania]], a [[sandstone university]] located in [[Sandy Bay, Tasmania|Sandy Bay]]. On-site accommodation colleges include [[Christ College (University of Tasmania)|Christ College]] (founded in 1846, making it Australia's oldest tertiary institution), [[Jane Franklin Hall]] and [[St. John Fisher College (University of Tasmania)|St John Fisher College]]. UTAS also has many sites within the [[Hobart City Centre]], where it hosts the [[College of Health and Medicine (University of Tasmania)|Medical Science Precinct]], the [[College of Arts, Law and Education (University of Tasmania)|College of Arts, Law and Education]]'s Hunter Street campus (which also has a TasTAFE training facility), and the [[Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies]] (IMAS) nearby the [[CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere|CSIRO Marine Laboratories]], as well as the Hytten Hall and Hobart Apartments accommodation<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart accommodation |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/uni-life/accommodation/hobart |website=UTAS |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> in Midtown. It also operates the [[Canopus Hill Observatory]] in [[Mount Rumney, Tasmania|Mount Rumney]] and the [[Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory]] in [[Cambridge, Tasmania|Cambridge]].

[[TasTAFE]] operates a total of seven polytechnic campuses within the Greater Hobart area that provide vocational education and training.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tastafe.tas.edu.au/about/ |title=About us |work=TasTAFE |access-date=2017-09-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190255/https://www.tastafe.tas.edu.au/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> These include the [[Campbell Street, Hobart|Campbell Street]] campus in the city, the [[Clarence City|Clarence]] campus in [[Warrane, Tasmania|Warrane]], and Drysdale (at [[Claremont College (Tasmania)|Claremont College]] and on [[Collins Street, Hobart|Collins Street]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Campuses |url=https://www.tastafe.tas.edu.au/campuses |website=TasTAFE |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>

===Health===
The [[Royal Hobart Hospital]] (RHH) is the pre-eminent [[public hospital]] in Tasmania, located in central Hobart with 501 beds for emergency presentations and elective surgeries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Hobart Hospital |url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/myhospitals/hospital/h0714 |website=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> It also serves as the Hobart Clinical School [[teaching hospital]] for the [[College of Health and Medicine (University of Tasmania)|University of Tasmania]]. There are also 9 [[Ambulance Tasmania|ambulance stations]] in the Hobart region,<ref>{{cite web |title=Our locations |url=https://www.health.tas.gov.au/hospitals/ambulance/contacting-ambulance-tasmania/our-locations |website=Health Tasmania |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> and the [[State Emergency Service|SES]] Southern Regional Headquarters is on [[Bathurst Street, Hobart|Bathurst Street]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Southern Regional Headquarters |url=https://www.ses.tas.gov.au/about/contact-us/south-region/ |website=SES Tasmania |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> (along with the [[Tasmania Fire Service]] Head Office on [[Argyle Street, Hobart|Melville/Argyle]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact Us |url=https://www.fire.tas.gov.au/contact/ |website=Tasmania Fire Service |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> and [[Tasmania Police]] Headquarters on [[Liverpool Street, Hobart|Liverpool]]).


===Bus===
A private hospital, [[Hobart Private Hospital]] is located adjacent to the RHH and operated by Australian healthcare provider [[Healthscope]]. The company also owned another hospital in the city, the [[St. Helen's Private Hospital]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sthelensprivatehospital.com.au/ |title=Home |website=St. Helen's Private Hospital |access-date=29 January 2020 |archive-date=29 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129153552/https://sthelensprivatehospital.com.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which featured a mother-baby unit<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-15/st-helens-break-impact-on-royal-hobart-hospital/9263836 |title=Royal Hobart Hospital bracing for mental health load as St Helen's takes holiday break |date=15 December 2017 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |access-date=29 January 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925110157/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-15/st-helens-break-impact-on-royal-hobart-hospital/9263836 |url-status=live }}</ref> but it was closed in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blackwood |first1=Fiona |title=Psychiatric patients in Tasmania fear mental health crisis as St Helen's Private Hospital closes |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-23/st-helens-private-hospital-closes/102510576 |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=23 June 2023}}</ref> A new Tasman private hospital in New Town was proposed on a former [[WIN News]] site, but abandoned in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tasman Private Hospital development in New Town, Hobart, won't proceed due to 'cost pressures' |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-08-18/tas-new-town-private-hospital-not-going-ahead/102745458 |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=18 August 2023}}</ref>
[[File:14.5 bus in Hobart.jpg|thumb|A metro bus in the [[Hobart Bus Mall]]]]

The [[Calvary Hospital, Hobart|Calvary Hospital]] is operated by [[Little Company of Mary Health Care (Australia)|Little Company of Mary Health Care]] at its main campus the Calvary-St John’s Private Hospital in [[Lenah Valley, Tasmania|Lenah Valley]], and has an older location in [[South Hobart, Tasmania|South Hobart]] (the former Homoeopathic Hospital). It has a Private Rehabilitation Unit.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Calvary St John’s Hospital |url=https://www.calvarycare.org.au/st-johns-private-hospital-hobart/about/ |website=Calvary Care |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>

The Hobart Clinic (formerly St Michael's Priory) is a not-for-profit operating a 27-bed psychiatric hospital in [[Rokeby, Tasmania|Rokeby]] and Mind Hub on Collins Street, with a focus on therapies.<ref>{{cite web |title=About The Hobart Clinic |url=https://www.thehobartclinic.com.au/about-us/ |website=The Hobart Clinic |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>

===Transport===
{{Main|Transport in Hobart}}
====Bus====
[[File:2021 nipaluna bus mall.jpg|thumb|Metro buses in the [[Hobart Bus Mall]]]]
The main [[public transportation]] within the city of Hobart is via a network of [[Metro Tasmania]] buses operated by
The main [[public transportation]] within the city of Hobart is via a network of [[Metro Tasmania]] buses operated by
the Tasmanian Government. The main hub is at the centrally located [[Hobart City Interchange]] on Elizabeth Street. The GreenCard fare ticketing system is held by about 100 thousand customers.<ref>{{cite web |title=GreenCard |url=https://www.metrotas.com.au/fares/greencard/ |website=Metro Tasmania |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>
the Tasmanian Government. The main hub is at the centrally located [[Hobart City Interchange]] on Elizabeth Street. The GreenCard fare ticketing system is held by about 100 thousand customers.<ref>{{cite web |title=GreenCard |url=https://www.metrotas.com.au/fares/greencard/ |website=Metro Tasmania |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>


There are also a small number of private bus services, departing from Murray Street and the [[Brooke Street Pier]]. These include the aiport [[SkyBus (airport bus)|SkyBus]], and charters and coaches by [[Tassielink Transit]] and [[Redline Coaches]] (now [[Kinetic Group|KINETIC]], including the O'Driscoll Coaches Derwent Valley Link).
There are also a small number of private bus services, departing from Murray Street and the [[Brooke Street Pier]]. These include the airport [[SkyBus (airport bus)|SkyBus]], and charters and coaches by [[Tassielink Transit]] and [[Redline Coaches]] (now [[Kinetic Group|KINETIC]], including the O'Driscoll Coaches Derwent Valley Link).


Tasmania spends the least per capita on public transport in Australia,<ref>{{cite news |title=Rockliffe & White must commit to end Tasmania’s era of public transport neglect: McKell Institute |url=https://mckellinstitute.org.au/rockliffe-white-must-commit-to-end-tasmanias-era-of-public-transport-neglect-mckell-institute/ |website=The McKell Institute |access-date=22 June 2024 |date=27 February 2024}}</ref> which is partly responsible for a weekday usage decline of 80.8% between 1964 and 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharp |first1=Mathew |title=Public Transport Patronage in Greater Hobart |url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/2024/03/public-transport-patronage-in-greater-hobart/ |access-date=22 June 2024 |agency=Tasmanian Times |date=12 March 2024}}</ref> However, the State Government has indicated a consolidation of routes into three main [[Bus rapid transit|BRT]] spokes.
Tasmania spends the least per capita on public transport in Australia,<ref name="mckellinstitute.org.au"/> which is partly responsible for a weekday usage decline of 80.8% between 1964 and 2021.<ref name="tasmaniantimes.com"/> However, the State Government has indicated a consolidation of routes into three main [[Bus rapid transit|BRT]] spokes.

====Road====
===Road===
[[File:Connection to the east - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Tasman Bridge]]]]
[[File:Connection to the east - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Tasman Bridge]]]]
Hobart's transport is centred around roads. The main arterial routes within the urban area are the [[Brooker Highway]] to [[Glenorchy, Tasmania|Glenorchy]] and the northern suburbs, the [[Tasman Bridge]] and [[Bowen Bridge]] across the river to [[Rosny, Tasmania|Rosny]] and the Eastern Shore. The East Derwent Highway to Lindisfarne, Geilston Bay, and Northwards to Brighton, the South Arm Highway leading to Howrah, Rokeby, Lauderdale and Opossum Bay and the [[Southern Outlet, Hobart|Southern Outlet]] south to [[Kingston, Tasmania|Kingston]] and the [[D'Entrecasteaux Channel]]. Leaving the city, motorists can travel the [[Lyell Highway]] to the [[West Coast, Tasmania|west coast]], [[Midland Highway (Tasmania)|Midland Highway]] to [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]] and the north, [[Tasman Highway]] to the east coast, or the [[Huon Highway]] to the far south.
Hobart's transport is centred around roads. The main arterial routes within the urban area are the [[Brooker Highway]] to [[Glenorchy, Tasmania|Glenorchy]] and the northern suburbs, the [[Tasman Bridge]] and [[Bowen Bridge]] across the river to [[Rosny, Tasmania|Rosny]] and the Eastern Shore. The East Derwent Highway to Lindisfarne, Geilston Bay, and Northwards to Brighton, the South Arm Highway leading to Howrah, Rokeby, Lauderdale and Opossum Bay and the [[Southern Outlet, Hobart|Southern Outlet]] south to [[Kingston, Tasmania|Kingston]] and the [[D'Entrecasteaux Channel]]. Leaving the city, motorists can travel the [[Lyell Highway]] to the [[West Coast, Tasmania|west coast]], [[Midland Highway (Tasmania)|Midland Highway]] to [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]] and the north, [[Tasman Highway]] to the east coast, or the [[Huon Highway]] to the far south.
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As part of the [[Southern Transport Investment Program]], Tasmania's largest transport project, the $786 million (as of 2023) [[Bridgewater Bridge (Tasmania)#Replacement bridge|New Bridgewater Bridge]], is expected to finish by 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Bridgewater Bridge Project |url=https://bridgewaterbridge.tas.gov.au/home |website=Bridgewater Bridge |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> Unlike the Tasman Bridge, it will be accessible to pedestrians upon opening.
As part of the [[Southern Transport Investment Program]], Tasmania's largest transport project, the $786 million (as of 2023) [[Bridgewater Bridge (Tasmania)#Replacement bridge|New Bridgewater Bridge]], is expected to finish by 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Bridgewater Bridge Project |url=https://bridgewaterbridge.tas.gov.au/home |website=Bridgewater Bridge |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> Unlike the Tasman Bridge, it will be accessible to pedestrians upon opening.

====Ferry====
===Ferry===
{{main|Ferries in Hobart|List of Hobart ferries}}
{{main|Ferries in Hobart|List of Hobart ferries}}
[[File:Excella Brooke Street Pier 20180907-003.jpg|thumb|The former MR-0 ''Excella'' catamaran by [[Incat]] now operates as a commuter ferry]]
[[File:MONA ROMA departs Port of Hobart.jpg|thumb|''Ena'' departing the Port of Hobart for MONA]]
There is a ferry service by Derwent Ferries which operates a single line (F2) between [[Brooke Street Pier]] and Bellerive Quay that operates six days a week.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome Aboard |url=https://derwentferries.com.au/ |website=Derwent Ferries |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902054752/https://derwentferries.com.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was initiated as a trial in 2021 servicing the [[Hobart City Centre]] and [[Bellerive, Tasmania|Bellerive]] on the eastern shore, garnering 110 thousand passengers by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Derwent River ferry trial |url=https://www.transport.tas.gov.au/public_transport/derwent_river_ferry_trial |website=Transport Services, Dept. State Growth |publisher=Tasmanian Government |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=27 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427014044/https://www.transport.tas.gov.au/public_transport/derwent_river_ferry_trial |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Oong |first1=Susan |title=All you need to know about Hobart's new passenger ferry service |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-09/hobart-derwent-river-passenger-ferry-to-launch-monday/100351664 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=9 August 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902054753/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-09/hobart-derwent-river-passenger-ferry-to-launch-monday/100351664 |url-status=live }}</ref>
There is a ferry service by Derwent Ferries which operates a single line (F2) between [[Brooke Street Pier]] and Bellerive Quay that operates six days a week.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome Aboard |url=https://derwentferries.com.au/ |website=Derwent Ferries |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902054752/https://derwentferries.com.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was initiated as a trial in 2021 servicing the [[Hobart City Centre]] and [[Bellerive, Tasmania|Bellerive]] on the eastern shore, garnering 110 thousand passengers by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Derwent River ferry trial |url=https://www.transport.tas.gov.au/public_transport/derwent_river_ferry_trial |website=Transport Services, Dept. State Growth |publisher=Tasmanian Government |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=27 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427014044/https://www.transport.tas.gov.au/public_transport/derwent_river_ferry_trial |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Oong |first1=Susan |title=All you need to know about Hobart's new passenger ferry service |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-09/hobart-derwent-river-passenger-ferry-to-launch-monday/100351664 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=9 August 2021 |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902054753/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-09/hobart-derwent-river-passenger-ferry-to-launch-monday/100351664 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The ferry provides a convenient alternative to crossing the [[Tasman Bridge]] [[Traffic bottleneck|choke point]], with its purpose being to reduce [[traffic congestion|congestion]]. It is seen as a first step in diversifying Hobart's [[Intermodal passenger transport|transport options]] to reduce traffic problems by taking the number of cars off the road rather than [[Induced demand#In transportation systems|inducing more traffic]]. More ferry terminal sites were revealed in 2023 to Regatta Point, Wrest Point, [[MyState Bank Arena|Wilkinsons Point]], Howrah Point, Lindisfarne and [[Kingston Beach, Tasmania|Kingston Beach]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balen |first1=Clancy |title=Hobart ferry master plan reveals six proposed sites for new terminals — including Kingston, Sandy Bay and Lindisfarne |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-14/tas-proposed-locations-for-hobart-ferry-terminals-released/103098518 |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=14 November 2023}}</ref>
The ferry provides a convenient alternative to crossing the [[Tasman Bridge]] [[Traffic bottleneck|choke point]], with its purpose being to reduce [[traffic congestion|congestion]]. It is seen as a first step in diversifying Hobart's [[Intermodal passenger transport|transport options]] to reduce traffic problems by taking the number of cars off the road rather than [[Induced demand#In transportation systems|inducing more traffic]]. More ferry terminal sites were revealed in 2023 to Regatta Point, Wrest Point, [[MyState Bank Arena|Wilkinsons Point]], Howrah Point, Lindisfarne and [[Kingston Beach, Tasmania|Kingston Beach]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balen |first1=Clancy |title=Hobart ferry master plan reveals six proposed sites for new terminals — including Kingston, Sandy Bay and Lindisfarne |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-14/tas-proposed-locations-for-hobart-ferry-terminals-released/103098518 |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=14 November 2023}}</ref>
Line 767: Line 747:


Ferry services from Hobart's Eastern Shore into the city were once a common form of public transportation, but with lack of government funding, as well as a lack of interest from the private sector, the commuter ferry service was closed for many decades – leaving Hobart's commuters relying solely on travel by automobiles and buses. There was however a water taxi service operating from the Eastern Shore into Hobart which provides an alternative to the [[Tasman Bridge]] ([[Kosciusko (ferry)|ferries]] were temporarily loaned from Sydney following the [[Tasman Bridge disaster]]). The [[MV Cartela]] was one of Australia's oldest still operating since 1912.
Ferry services from Hobart's Eastern Shore into the city were once a common form of public transportation, but with lack of government funding, as well as a lack of interest from the private sector, the commuter ferry service was closed for many decades – leaving Hobart's commuters relying solely on travel by automobiles and buses. There was however a water taxi service operating from the Eastern Shore into Hobart which provides an alternative to the [[Tasman Bridge]] ([[Kosciusko (ferry)|ferries]] were temporarily loaned from Sydney following the [[Tasman Bridge disaster]]). The [[MV Cartela]] was one of Australia's oldest still operating since 1912.

====Air====
===Air===
[[File:Hobart International Airport, Tasmania.jpg|thumb|Hobart airport terminal]]
[[File:Hobart International Airport, Tasmania.jpg|thumb|[[Hobart Airport]] terminal]]
Hobart is served by [[Hobart International Airport]] with flights to/from Adelaide, Auckland, Brisbane, Canberra, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, and regional destinations including the Bass Strait islands. The smaller [[Cambridge Aerodrome]] mainly serves small charter airlines offering local tourist flights. In the past decade, Hobart International Airport received a huge upgrade, with the airport now being a first class airport facility.
Hobart is served by [[Hobart Airport]] with flights to/from Adelaide, Auckland, Brisbane, Canberra, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, and regional destinations including the Bass Strait islands. The smaller [[Cambridge Aerodrome]] mainly serves small charter airlines offering local tourist flights. In the past decade, Hobart International Airport received a huge upgrade, with the airport now being a first class airport facility.


In 2009, it was announced that Hobart Airport would receive more upgrades, including a first floor, aerobridges (currently, passengers must walk on the tarmac) and shopping facilities. Possible new international flights to Asia and New Zealand, and possible new domestic flights to Darwin and Cairns have been proposed. A second runway, possibly to be constructed in the next 15 years, would assist with growing passenger numbers to Hobart. Hobart Control Tower may be renovated and fitted with new radar equipment, and the airport's carpark may be extended further. Also, new facilities will be built just outside the airport. A new service station, hotel and day care centre have already been built and the road leading to the airport has been maintained and re-sealed. In 2016, work began on a 500-metre extension of the existing runway in addition to a $100&nbsp;million upgrade of the airport. The runway extension is expected to allow international flights to land and increase air-traffic with [[Antarctica]]. This upgrade was, in part, funded under a promise made during the [[2013 Australian federal election|2013 federal election]] by the Abbott government.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/airport-runway-extension-works-under-way/news-story/6c6c0bbbfa533ce4b487b32956d37600 |title=Airport works under way |first=Nick |last=Clark |date=September 9, 2016 |newspaper=The Mercury |access-date=2017-09-09 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913025841/http://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/airport-runway-extension-works-under-way/news-story/6c6c0bbbfa533ce4b487b32956d37600 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2009, it was announced that Hobart Airport would receive more upgrades, including a first floor, aerobridges (currently, passengers must walk on the tarmac) and shopping facilities. Possible new international flights to Asia and New Zealand, and possible new domestic flights to Darwin and Cairns have been proposed. A second runway, possibly to be constructed in the next 15 years, would assist with growing passenger numbers to Hobart. Hobart Control Tower may be renovated and fitted with new radar equipment, and the airport's carpark may be extended further. Also, new facilities will be built just outside the airport. A new service station, hotel and day care centre have already been built and the road leading to the airport has been maintained and re-sealed. In 2016, work began on a 500-metre extension of the existing runway in addition to a $100&nbsp;million upgrade of the airport. The runway extension is expected to allow international flights to land and increase air-traffic with [[Antarctica]]. This upgrade was, in part, funded under a promise made during the [[2013 Australian federal election|2013 federal election]] by the Abbott government.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/airport-runway-extension-works-under-way/news-story/6c6c0bbbfa533ce4b487b32956d37600 |title=Airport works under way |first=Nick |last=Clark |date=September 9, 2016 |newspaper=The Mercury |access-date=2017-09-09 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913025841/http://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/airport-runway-extension-works-under-way/news-story/6c6c0bbbfa533ce4b487b32956d37600 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Seaport====
===Seaport===
[[File:Oosterdam and VH-YKY Hobart Tasmania (8660582190).jpg|thumb|Cruise ship and seaplane at the port]]
[[File:Oosterdam and VH-YKY Hobart Tasmania (8660582190).jpg|thumb|Cruise ship and seaplane at the port]]
{{Main|Port of Hobart}}
{{Main|Port of Hobart}}
Hobart's main port is managed by [[TasPorts]] and has a variety of uses. In [[Sullivans Cove]], the two Princes Wharves are used for [[Antarctic gateway cities|Antarctic]] restocking operations, while there are many piers and pontoons for berthing sailing boats, fishing vessels and yachts (at [[Victoria Dock (Hobart)|Victoria]] and [[Constitution Dock]]s, especially following the [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race|Sydney to Hobart]]) and a seaplane.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flights |url=https://aboveandbeyond.flights/ |website=Above and Beyond |access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref> At Macquarie Point, the six Macquarie wharves are used for cruise ships (with a terminal onto Hunter Street by the port tower building) and defence vessels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three Australian warships dock in Hobart |url=https://pulsetasmania.com.au/news/three-australian-warships-dock-in-hobart/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |agency=Pulse Tasmania |date=13 May 2023}}</ref> Previously, shipping and services to ferry people between Sydney and Hobart such as [[Tasmanian Steamers]] and the [[Australian National Line]], and shipbuilding occurred nearby.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shipbuilding |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/S/Shipbuilding.htm |website=The Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref>
Hobart's main port is managed by [[TasPorts]] and has a variety of uses. In [[Sullivans Cove]], the two Princes Wharves are used for [[Antarctic gateway cities|Antarctic]] restocking operations, while there are many piers and pontoons for berthing sailing boats, fishing vessels and yachts (at [[Victoria Dock (Hobart)|Victoria]] and [[Constitution Dock]]s, especially following the [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race|Sydney to Hobart]]) and a seaplane.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flights |url=https://aboveandbeyond.flights/ |website=Above and Beyond |access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref> At Macquarie Point, the six Macquarie wharves are used for cruise ships (with a terminal onto Hunter Street by the port tower building) and defence vessels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three Australian warships dock in Hobart |url=https://pulsetasmania.com.au/news/three-australian-warships-dock-in-hobart/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |agency=Pulse Tasmania |date=13 May 2023}}</ref> Previously, shipping and services to ferry people between Sydney and Hobart such as [[Tasmanian Steamers]] and the [[Australian National Line]], and shipbuilding occurred nearby.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shipbuilding |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/S/Shipbuilding.htm |website=The Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=UTAS |access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref>

====Rail====
===Rail===
{{See also|Riverline (Hobart)|Trams in Hobart|Tasman Limited}}
{{See also|Riverline (Hobart)|Trams in Hobart|Tasman Limited}}
While freight rail no longer operates within Hobart (since 2014), [[TasRail]] still operates the [[Brighton Transport Hub]] which connects to the [[Main Line, Tasmania|main line]] to the north of Tasmania. Locomotives can be seen in [[Bridgewater, Tasmania|Bridgewater]] as they make their way from the [[Boyer Mill]] near [[New Norfolk]] on the operational part of the [[Derwent Valley Railway (Tasmania)|Derwent Valley railway]].
While freight rail no longer operates within Hobart (since 2014), [[TasRail]] still operates the [[Brighton Transport Hub]] which connects to the [[Main Line, Tasmania|main line]] to the north of Tasmania. Locomotives can be seen in [[Bridgewater, Tasmania|Bridgewater]] as they make their way from the [[Boyer Mill]] near [[New Norfolk]] on the operational part of the [[Derwent Valley Railway (Tasmania)|Derwent Valley railway]].
Line 782: Line 765:
Like many large Australian cities, Hobart once operated high-quality passenger rail services. This included a tram network which was closed in the early 1960s. The tracks are still visible in the older streets of Hobart. It was replaced by a short-lived [[trolleybus]] network consisting of six routes which operated until 1968. Suburban passenger trains, run by the [[Tasmanian Government Railways]], were closed in 1974 and the intrastate passenger service, the [[Tasman Limited]], ceased running in 1978. The [[Tasmanian Transport Museum]] in [[Glenorchy, Tasmania|Glenorchy]] has a restored section of track for visitors.
Like many large Australian cities, Hobart once operated high-quality passenger rail services. This included a tram network which was closed in the early 1960s. The tracks are still visible in the older streets of Hobart. It was replaced by a short-lived [[trolleybus]] network consisting of six routes which operated until 1968. Suburban passenger trains, run by the [[Tasmanian Government Railways]], were closed in 1974 and the intrastate passenger service, the [[Tasman Limited]], ceased running in 1978. The [[Tasmanian Transport Museum]] in [[Glenorchy, Tasmania|Glenorchy]] has a restored section of track for visitors.


There has been a push from public transport advocates and the two local councils<ref>{{cite news |title=Hobart mayor hints at light rail in exchange for Glenorchy council merger |url=https://pulsetasmania.com.au/news/hobart-mayor-hints-at-light-rail-in-exchange-for-glenorchy-council-merger/ |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=Pulse Tasmania |date=18 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hobart needs State Government investment in transport infrastructure |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Council/News-publications-and-announcements/Media-centre/Hobart-needs-State-Government-investment-in-transport-infrastructure |access-date=26 June 2024 |agency=City of Hobart |date=6 March 2024}}</ref> to establish a [[light rail]] network, intended to be fast, efficient, and eco-friendly, along existing tracks on the [[South Line, Tasmania|Northern Suburbs Transit Corridor]] to solve the frequent jamming of traffic in Hobart CBD. This has grown amidst the need for higher-capacity mass transit and an alternative State Government [[Bus rapid transit|bus]] proposal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balen |first1=Clancy |title=Transport options thin on the ground around Hobart's proposed AFL stadium at Macquarie Point |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-29/hobart-public-transport-in-spotlight-amid-stadium-plans/102280738 |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Abandoned Hobart rail corridor to get passenger trains again under Greens’ plan |url=https://pulsetasmania.com.au/news/abandoned-hobart-rail-corridor-to-get-passenger-trains-again-under-greens-plan/ |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=Pulse Tasmania |date=10 March 2024}}</ref> The earlier [[Riverline (Hobart)|Riverline proposal]], which reached a business case (at $100 million, demonstrating benefits for socioeconomically disadvantaged areas of the city), was scrapped in the [[2014 Australian federal budget]].
There has been a push from public transport advocates and the two local councils<ref>{{cite news |title=Hobart mayor hints at light rail in exchange for Glenorchy council merger |url=https://pulsetasmania.com.au/news/hobart-mayor-hints-at-light-rail-in-exchange-for-glenorchy-council-merger/ |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=Pulse Tasmania |date=18 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hobart needs State Government investment in transport infrastructure |url=https://www.hobartcity.com.au/Council/News-publications-and-announcements/Media-centre/Hobart-needs-State-Government-investment-in-transport-infrastructure |access-date=26 June 2024 |agency=City of Hobart |date=6 March 2024}}</ref> to establish a [[light rail]] network, intended to be fast, efficient, and eco-friendly, along existing tracks on the [[South Line, Tasmania|Northern Suburbs Transit Corridor]] to solve the frequent jamming of traffic in Hobart CBD. This has grown amidst the need for higher-capacity mass transit and an alternative State Government [[Bus rapid transit|bus]] proposal. However The State Government haven't ruled out Light Rail but we are very conscious of how expensive it is.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balen |first1=Clancy |title=Transport options thin on the ground around Hobart's proposed AFL stadium at Macquarie Point |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-29/hobart-public-transport-in-spotlight-amid-stadium-plans/102280738 |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Abandoned Hobart rail corridor to get passenger trains again under Greens' plan |url=https://pulsetasmania.com.au/news/abandoned-hobart-rail-corridor-to-get-passenger-trains-again-under-greens-plan/ |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=Pulse Tasmania |date=10 March 2024}}</ref> The earlier [[Riverline (Hobart)|Riverline proposal]], which reached a business case (at $100 million, demonstrating benefits for socioeconomically disadvantaged areas of the city), was scrapped in the [[2014 Australian federal budget]].

==Infrastructure==
===Education===
{{See also|Education in Tasmania|Tasmania Tomorrow}}
[[File:Hedberg Building Campbell Street Hobart Tasmania Australia.jpg|thumb|[[The Hedberg]], part of the [[University of Tasmania]]'s Hobart campus]]
The Greater Hobart area contains 122 primary, secondary and pretertiary (College) schools distributed throughout Clarence, Glenorchy and Hobart City Councils and Kingborough and Brighton Municipalities. These schools are made up of a mix of public, catholic, private and independent run, with the heaviest distribution lying in the more densely populated West around the Hobart city core. The [[Department for Education, Children and Young People]] is responsible for government schools and [[Libraries Tasmania]], which operates literacy services and libraries across the region, including the [[State Library of Tasmania]] where it is headquartered.

Hobart is home to the main campus of the [[University of Tasmania]], a [[sandstone university]] located in [[Sandy Bay, Tasmania|Sandy Bay]]. On-site accommodation colleges include [[Christ College (University of Tasmania)|Christ College]] (founded in 1846, making it Australia's oldest tertiary institution), [[Jane Franklin Hall]] and [[St. John Fisher College (University of Tasmania)|St John Fisher College]]. UTAS also has many sites within the [[Hobart City Centre]], where it hosts the [[College of Health and Medicine (University of Tasmania)|Medical Science Precinct]], the [[College of Arts, Law and Education (University of Tasmania)|College of Arts, Law and Education]]'s Hunter Street campus (which also has a TasTAFE training facility), and the [[Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies]] (IMAS) nearby the [[CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere|CSIRO Marine Laboratories]], as well as the Hytten Hall and Hobart Apartments accommodation<ref>{{cite web |title=Hobart accommodation |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/uni-life/accommodation/hobart |website=UTAS |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> in Midtown. It also operates the [[Canopus Hill Observatory]] in [[Mount Rumney, Tasmania|Mount Rumney]] and the [[Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory]] in [[Cambridge, Tasmania|Cambridge]].

[[TasTAFE]] operates a total of seven polytechnic campuses within the Greater Hobart area that provide vocational education and training.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tastafe.tas.edu.au/about/ |title=About us |work=TasTAFE |access-date=2017-09-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190255/https://www.tastafe.tas.edu.au/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> These include the [[Campbell Street, Hobart|Campbell Street]] campus in the city, the [[Clarence City|Clarence]] campus in [[Warrane, Tasmania|Warrane]], and Drysdale (at [[Claremont College (Tasmania)|Claremont College]] and on [[Collins Street, Hobart|Collins Street]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Campuses |url=https://www.tastafe.tas.edu.au/campuses |website=TasTAFE |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>

===Health===
[[File:Hobart Private Hospital.jpg|thumb|[[Hobart Private Hospital]]]]
The [[Royal Hobart Hospital]] (RHH) is the pre-eminent [[public hospital]] in Tasmania, located in central Hobart with 501 beds for emergency presentations and elective surgeries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Hobart Hospital |url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/myhospitals/hospital/h0714 |website=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> It also serves as the Hobart Clinical School [[teaching hospital]] for the [[College of Health and Medicine (University of Tasmania)|University of Tasmania]]. There are also 9 [[Ambulance Tasmania|ambulance stations]] in the Hobart region,<ref>{{cite web |title=Our locations |url=https://www.health.tas.gov.au/hospitals/ambulance/contacting-ambulance-tasmania/our-locations |website=Health Tasmania |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> and the [[State Emergency Service|SES]] Southern Regional Headquarters is on [[Bathurst Street, Hobart|Bathurst Street]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Southern Regional Headquarters |url=https://www.ses.tas.gov.au/about/contact-us/south-region/ |website=SES Tasmania |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> (along with the [[Tasmania Fire Service]] Head Office on [[Argyle Street, Hobart|Melville/Argyle]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact Us |url=https://www.fire.tas.gov.au/contact/ |website=Tasmania Fire Service |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> and [[Tasmania Police]] Headquarters on [[Liverpool Street, Hobart|Liverpool]]).

A private hospital, [[Hobart Private Hospital]] is located adjacent to the RHH and operated by Australian healthcare provider [[Healthscope]]. The company also owned another hospital in the city, the [[St Helen's Private Hospital]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sthelensprivatehospital.com.au/ |title=Home |website=St. Helen's Private Hospital |access-date=29 January 2020 |archive-date=29 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129153552/https://sthelensprivatehospital.com.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which featured a mother-baby unit<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-15/st-helens-break-impact-on-royal-hobart-hospital/9263836 |title=Royal Hobart Hospital bracing for mental health load as St Helen's takes holiday break |date=15 December 2017 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |access-date=29 January 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925110157/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-15/st-helens-break-impact-on-royal-hobart-hospital/9263836 |url-status=live }}</ref> but it was closed in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blackwood |first1=Fiona |title=Psychiatric patients in Tasmania fear mental health crisis as St Helen's Private Hospital closes |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-23/st-helens-private-hospital-closes/102510576 |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=23 June 2023}}</ref> A new Tasman private hospital in New Town was proposed on a former [[WIN News]] site, but abandoned in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tasman Private Hospital development in New Town, Hobart, won't proceed due to 'cost pressures' |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-08-18/tas-new-town-private-hospital-not-going-ahead/102745458 |access-date=25 June 2024 |agency=ABC News |date=18 August 2023}}</ref>

The [[Calvary Hospital, Hobart|Calvary Hospital]] is operated by [[Little Company of Mary Health Care (Australia)|Little Company of Mary Health Care]] at its main campus the Calvary-St John's Private Hospital in [[Lenah Valley, Tasmania|Lenah Valley]], and has an older location in [[South Hobart, Tasmania|South Hobart]] (the former Homoeopathic Hospital). It has a Private Rehabilitation Unit.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Calvary St John's Hospital |url=https://www.calvarycare.org.au/st-johns-private-hospital-hobart/about/ |website=Calvary Care |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>

The Hobart Clinic (formerly St Michael's Priory) is a not-for-profit operating a 27-bed psychiatric hospital in [[Rokeby, Tasmania|Rokeby]] and Mind Hub on Collins Street, with a focus on therapies.<ref>{{cite web |title=About The Hobart Clinic |url=https://www.thehobartclinic.com.au/about-us/ |website=The Hobart Clinic |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>


===Utilities===
===Utilities===
Line 789: Line 792:
[[TasNetworks]] is responsible for electricity and telecommunications provision.
[[TasNetworks]] is responsible for electricity and telecommunications provision.


==Notable residents==
== Notable people ==

{{See also|Category:People from Hobart}}
* [[Alanna Smith]], [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]] power forward for the [[Minnesota Lynx]]
{{More citations needed|section|date=October 2023}}
*[[Errol Flynn]] (1909–1959), Hollywood film actor
{{col-begin}}
===Arts===
| width="33%" align="{{{align|left}}}" valign="{{{valign|top}}}" style="border:0"|
* [[Asta (musician)|Asta]], singer-songwriter
* [[Phillip Borsos]], director and producer, best known for his films ''[[The Mean Season]]'' (1985) and ''[[One Magic Christmas]]'' (1985)
* [[Saroo Brierley]], author of ''[[A Long Way Home (book)|A Long Way Home]]'', adapted into the 2016 film ''[[Lion (2016 film)|Lion]]''.
* [[Jeanine Claes]], artist, dancer, choreographer and dance teacher
* [[Essie Davis]], actress
* [[Richard Flanagan]], author
* [[Errol Flynn]], Hollywood actor
* [[Frederick Frith]], painter and photographer
* [[Lisa Gormley]], English-born Australian actress best known for playing [[Bianca Scott]] on the [[Seven Network|Channel 7]] serial drama ''[[Home and Away]]''
* [[Lucky Grills]], best known for portraying the unconventional detective "Bluey" Hills in the television series ''[[Bluey (1976 TV series)|Bluey]]'' in 1976.
* [[Robert Grubb]], actor
* [[John Harwood (writer)|John Harwood]], writer and poet
* [[Ernest Higgins|Ernest]], [[Tasman Higgins|Tasman]] and [[Arthur Higgins]], brothers and pioneering [[cinematographer]]s during the [[silent era]]
* [[Don Kay (composer)|Don Kay]], Australian classical composer
* [[William Kermode]], artist
* [[Constantine Koukias]], Greek-Australian composer and [[flautist]]
* [[Louise Lovely]], the first Australian motion picture actress to find success in Hollywood
* [[Dennis Miller (Australian actor)|Dennis Miller]], actor best known for his recurring role on ''[[Blue Heelers]]'' as Ex-Sergeant [[List of recurring Blue Heelers characters#Pat Doyle|Pat Doyle]] (1994–2000).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0588223/ |title=Dennis Miller (II) |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=10 September 2010 |archive-date=13 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213012552/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0588223/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Richard Morgan (actor)|Richard Morgan]], most noted for playing the long-running role of Terry Sullivan in the Australian television series ''[[The Sullivans]]''.
* [[Tara Morice]], actress
* [[Gerda Nicolson]], actress
* [[Len Reynolds (illustrator)|Len Reynolds]], illustrator, caricaturist, painter, cartoonist
* [[Glenn Richards]], musician, singer, songwriter and guitarist with [[Augie March]]
* [[Brian Ritchie]], musician, bassist of [[Violent Femmes]]
* [[Clive Sansom]], poet and playwright
* [[Don Sharp]], actor
* [[Michael Siberry]], actor
* [[Jaason Simmons]], actor best known for his role as life guard [[Logan Fowler]] in the TV series ''[[Baywatch]]''
* [[Freya Stafford]], actress who has appeared on TV programs such as ''[[Head Start (TV series)|Head Start]]'' and ''[[White Collar Blue]]'' and the 2010 horror film ''[[The Clinic (2010 film)|The Clinic]]''
* [[Will Upson]], pianist and composer, immigrated from the UK
* [[Amali Ward#Amali Ward|Amali Ward]], ''[[Australian Idol (season 2)|Australian Idol]]'' Season 2 finalist
* [[Charles A. Woolley|Charles Woolley]], photographer and artist
[[File:Errol Flynn1.jpg|180px|thumb|left|Actor [[Errol Flynn]] was born in Hobart in 1909.]]
| width="33%" align="{{{align|left}}}" valign="{{{valign|top}}}" style="border:0"|
===Sports===
* [[Darrel Baldock]] - Australian Rules footballer. Captain of St Kilda 1966 Grand Final victory over Collingwood. Legend status in the AFL Hall of Fame.
* [[Scott Bowden]] – Australian cyclist
* [[Al Bourke]] – Australian boxer of the 1940s, and 1950s
* [[Josh Burdon]] – Australian racing driver
* [[Roy Cazaly]] – Australian rules footballer who died in 1963 in Hobart, member of the [[Australian Football Hall of Fame]]
* [[Adam Coleman]], [[rugby union]] player
* [[Rodney Eade]] – Australian rules footballer who played 259 games for [[Hawthorn Football Club|Hawthorn]] and the [[Brisbane Bears|Bears]], former head coach of the [[Western Bulldogs]] until Round 21, 2011 and former head coach of the [[Gold Coast Suns]].
* [[David Foster (woodchopper)|David Foster]] &ndash; World Champion [[woodchopping|woodchopper]]
* [[Ryan Foster (athlete)|Ryan Foster]] – Middle-distance runner and first Tasmanian to break the 4-minute mile.
* [[Brendon Gale]] – former Australian rules footballer, and is CEO of the [[Richmond Football Club]]
* [[Royce Hart]] – Australian rules footballer, member of the [[Australian Football Hall of Fame]] with legend status and member of the Team of the Century
* [[Peter Hudson]] – Australian rules footballer, considered one of the greatest full-forwards in the game's history, when playing for [[Glenorchy Football Club|Glenorchy]] he kicked 616 goals in 81 games with some records stating he instead kicked 769 goals; he is also a member of the [[Australian Football Hall of Fame]]
* [[Peter Jones (Australian rules footballer)|Peter 'Percy' Jones]] – Australian rules footballer, played 249 games for the [[Carlton Blues]] in the VFL
* [[Eddie Ockenden]] – midfielder and striker for Australia's national hockey team, the Kookaburras
* [[Tim Paine]] – Australian cricketer and wicketkeeper
* [[Alex Peroni]] – Australian racing driver
* [[Steve Randell]] – Australian Test cricket match umpire; convicted of 15 counts of sexual assault against nine schoolgirls
* [[Jack Riewoldt]] – Premiership winning Australian rules footballer for [[Richmond Football Club|Richmond]], winner of the 2010 and 2012 [[Coleman Medal|Coleman]] and [[Jack Dyer Medal]], cousin of [[Nick Riewoldt|Nick]].
* [[Nick Riewoldt]] – Australian rules footballer, former captain of the [[St Kilda Football Club]]
* [[Alanna Smith]] – [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]] power forward
* [[Ian Stewart (Australian rules footballer)|Ian Stewart]] – Australian rules footballer who played 127 games for [[St Kilda Football Club|St Kilda]], including the club's first (and thus far only) Premiership in [[1966 VFL Grand Final|1966]]; he is also a member of the [[Australian Football Hall of Fame]] with legend status and a triple [[Brownlow Medal]] winner
* [[Max Walker]] – Australian rules footballer and Australian [[cricket]]er, media commentator and motivational speaker
* [[Paul Williams (Australian rules footballer)|Paul Williams]] – Australian Rules footballer who played 306 games for [[Collingwood Football Club|Collingwood]] and [[Sydney Swans|Sydney]], also previously caretaker coach of the [[Western Bulldogs]]
* [[Cameron Wurf]] – Australian road cyclist and member of the [[Cannondale Pro Cycling Team]]
| width="33%" align="{{{align|left}}}" valign="{{{valign|top}}}" style="border:0"|
===Others===
* [[Elizabeth Blackburn]], [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]]-winning biological researcher
* [[Regina Sorensen]] (more commonly known as Reggie Bird), winner of Network Ten's iteration of [[Big Brother (Australian TV series)|Big Brother Australia]] [[Big Brother (Australian season 3)|Season 3]] and [[Big Brother (Australian season 14)|Season 14]], television personality
* [[Bob Brown]], retired politician, former leader of the [[Australian Greens]]
* [[William Buckley (convict)|William Buckley]], escaped convict who lived with the native [[Wathaurung]] people on the [[Bellarine Peninsula]] for over 30 years
* [[Alec Campbell]], longest surviving war veteran from the [[Gallipoli Campaign]]
* [[Peter Conrad (academic)|Peter Conrad]], academic and author, teaching at [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
* [[Queen Mary of Denmark|Mary, Queen of Denmark]] (born Mary Donaldson)
* [[Alice Gordon Elliott]] OBE (1886 – 1977) was an Australian WWI nurse who was born and died here.<ref>{{Citation |last=Rand |first=A. |title=Elliott, Alice Gordon (1886–1977) |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elliott-alice-gordon-10111 |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |access-date=2023-09-25 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en |archive-date=10 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910182918/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elliott-alice-gordon-10111 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Helene Chung Martin]], journalist and author, notable for being the first reporter of Asian descent to report on the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]
* [[Bernard Montgomery]], general who grew up in Hobart; served in both world wars and is famous for his victory at the battle of [[El Alamein]]
* [[Alexander Pearce]], convict and cannibal
* [[Joseph Potaski]], convict and first [[Polish people|Pole]] to come to Australia
* [[Harry Smith (Australian soldier)|Harry Smith]], Officer Commanding [[D Company, 6 RAR]] during the [[Battle of Long Tan]] in the [[Vietnam War]]
* [[Ernest Ewart Unwin]], educationist
* [[David Walsh (art collector)|David Walsh]], art collector and founder of the [[Museum of Old and New Art]]
* [[Charles Wooley]], journalist, most famous for his role on [[Nine Network|Channel Nine]]'s ''[[60 Minutes (Australian TV program)|60 Minutes]]''
[[File:Alanna Smith (52913206646) (cropped).jpg|180px|thumb|left|[[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]] player [[Alanna Smith]] was born in Hobart in 1996.]]


*[[Queen Mary of Denmark]] (1972-)
{{col-end}}


==Sister cities==
==Sister cities==
Line 905: Line 828:
{{EB1911 poster|Hobart}}
{{EB1911 poster|Hobart}}
* [http://www.hobartcity.com.au/ Hobart City Council]
* [http://www.hobartcity.com.au/ Hobart City Council]
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nfsa.gov.au/latest/tasmanian-time-capsule/ |title=Historical footage of Hobart, Launceston and the rest of Tasmania |publisher=[[National Film and Sound Archive]]}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rosebay.tased.edu.au/camera.htm |title=Images of the city live from the School |publisher=Rose Bay High School |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002225708/http://www.rosebay.tased.edu.au/camera.htm |archive-date=2 October 2013}}
*{{cite web |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=hobart&ll=-42.88,147.35&spn=0.049270,0.098173&t=k&hl=en |title=Satellite image |publisher=Google Maps}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.australia.com/explore/cities/hobart.aspx |title=Hobart |publisher=Tourism Australia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114180839/http://www.australia.com/explore/cities/hobart.aspx |archive-date=2015-01-14}}


{{Hobart landmarks}}
{{Hobart landmarks}}
Line 924: Line 843:
[[Category:Coastal cities in Australia]]
[[Category:Coastal cities in Australia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1803]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1803]]
[[Category:Populated places on the River Derwent]]

Latest revision as of 06:12, 25 December 2024

Hobart
Tasmania
Hobart is located in Australia
Hobart
Hobart
Coordinates42°52′50″S 147°19′30″E / 42.88056°S 147.32500°E / -42.88056; 147.32500
Population
  • 252,639 (2023)[1] (11th)
  • 197,451 (urban) (2021)[2]
 • Density145.7/km2 (377/sq mi) (2021)[3]
Established20 February 1804 (1804-02-20)[4]
Elevation17 m (56 ft)
Area1,758.8 km2 (679.1 sq mi) (metropolitan)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10)
 • Summer (DST)AEDT State: Tasmania. (UTC+11)
Location
LGA(s)
State electorate(s)
Federal division(s)
WebsiteHobart
Mean max temp[5] Mean min temp[5] Annual rainfall[5]
17.6 °C
64 °F
9.0 °C
48 °F
565.3 mm
22.3 in

Hobart (/ˈhbɑːrt/ HOH-bart[6]) is the capital and most populous city of the island state of Tasmania, Australia.[7] Located in Tasmania's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent, it is the southernmost capital city in Australia. Despite containing nearly half of Tasmania's population, Hobart is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-smallest by population and area after Darwin if territories are taken into account.[3] Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre (4,170 ft) kunanyi / Mount Wellington,[8] and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world,[9] with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land.[10] The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart, to differentiate it from the City of Hobart, one of the seven local government areas that cover the city.[3] [11] It has a mild maritime climate.

The city lies on country which was known by the local Muwinina people as nipaluna, a name which includes surrounding features such as kunanyi / Mount Wellington and timtumili minanya (River Derwent).[12] Prior to British colonisation, the land had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years[13] by Aboriginal Tasmanians.[14]

Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony,[15] Hobart is Australia's second-oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. Whaling quickly emerged as a major industry in the area, and for a time Hobart served as the Southern Ocean's main whaling port. Penal transportation ended in the 1850s, after which the city experienced periods of growth and decline. The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining, agriculture and other primary industries, and the loss of men who served in the world wars was counteracted by an influx of immigration.[16] Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions, Hobart's population is predominantly ethnically Anglo-Celtic and has the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia's capital cities.[17]

Today, Hobart is the financial and administrative hub of Tasmania, serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations and acting as a tourist destination.[18][19] Well-known drawcards include its convict-era architecture, Salamanca Market and the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), the Southern Hemisphere's largest private museum.

Name

[edit]

In 1804, the settlement was named Hobart Town or Hobarton by the first Lt-governor David Collins after then British Secretary of State for war and the colonies Lord Hobart (a variant of Hubert, his name was pronounced with emphasis on the second syllable) at Sullivans Cove (named after the under-secretary). Earlier in 1793, Risdon Cove was named after the second officer on the ship Duke of Clarence by the captain John Hayes, and the river after the River Derwent, Cumbria[20] (also briefly named by Bruni D'Entrecasteaux as La Rivière du Nord[21]). The city was named the singular Hobart in 1881, and an inhabitant is known as a Hobartian.[22]

Though the city is not officially dual-named,[23] the 'saltwater country'[24] of the western shore where the city is located has the Palawa kani name nipaluna which was originally documented on 16 January 1831 by George Augustus Robinson (as nibberloonne, later niberlooner) when he was told by Woureddy, a Nununi chief from Bruny Island who spoke five dialects. Though the island is offshore, the language is related and in the same family as the Southeastern Tasmanian language which the local Muwinina people spoke. Another recorded name was an Oyster Bay word lebralawaggena (Bedford).[25]

A semi-permanent settlement at Little Sandy Bay was called kriwa beneath the hill of kriwalayti. The dividing line of the region is the timtumili minanya (river), which winds its way down from the centre of the island through the lands of the Big River (Lemerina) people. On the eastern shore, the name for the Clarence Plains was known as naniyilipata by the Mumirimina, a group of the Oyster Bay (Poredareme) people. Droughty Point was known as trumanyapayna (kangaroo point) as it was a hunting ground, and South Arm as mutatayna. Later names by the TAC include piyura kitina (little native hens) at Risdon Cove and turikina truwala (mountain waterfall) on the Myrtle Gully Falls track.[26]

History

[edit]

The first European settlement began in 1803 as a military camp at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the River Derwent, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. It was the site of the 1804 Risdon Cove massacre. Later that year, along with the military, settlers and convicts from the abandoned Port Phillip settlement, the camp at Risdon Cove was moved by Captain David Collins to a better location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove.

The area's Indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe.[27] Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, dramatically reduced the Aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the convict population. In 1832, four years after martial law had been declared, 26 people, including Tongerlongeter (Tukalunginta) and Montpelliatta (Muntipiliyata) of the combined Big River and Oyster Bay nations, surrendered to G. A. Robinson's "friendly mission" and were marched into Hobart to negotiate a truce with Governor George Arthur. They were forcibly exiled ten days later to Flinders Island.[28]

John Glover's 1834 painting Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point depicts Aboriginal Tasmanians dancing in the foreground. By this stage however, Aboriginal people had been forcibly exiled from the area following the Black War.

Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He compares it to Sydney and compliments the "noble forest".[29] He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in The Voyage of the Beagle:

"...The lower parts of the hills which skirt the bay are cleared; and the bright yellow fields of corn, and dark green ones of potatoes, appear very luxuriant... I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania 36,505."

A bird's eye view of Hobart. The 1894 International Exhibition is visible near the future Hobart Cenotaph site

The River Derwent was one of Australia's finest deepwater ports and was the centre of South Seas whaling and sealing trades. The settlement rapidly grew into a major port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding.

Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from the beginning of 1881.[30] The post-transportation era saw the city shift between periods of economic uncertainty in the 1860s and 1890s:

"...While brash Victorians talked of the future, Tasmanians nurtured memories of a more prosperous past. In the 'sixties Martineau found elderly ladies lamenting the gaiety of the old days and merchants the time when 'Hobart Town promised to be the emporium if not the metropolis of Australia'."[31]

However, this was mixed in with evolving politics, a greater connection with mainland Australia, tourism in the 1880s and the establishment of important cultural and social institutions including The University of Tasmania. "When the Town Hall was opened in 1866 it symbolised the hope of future greatness for the city".[32] The Russian navy visited the port multiple times, which had become a leading reason for the Hobart coastal defences.[33] Mark Twain also visited in 1895 when he wrote "Hobart has a peculiarity—it is the neatest town that the sun shines on; and I incline to believe that it is also the cleanest."[34]

A carnival on Collins Street in 1915

On 7 September 1936, one of the last known surviving thylacines died at the Beaumaris Zoo in Hobart.[35] During WW2, the city performed drills and built shelters, with German mines found in the estuary and a Japanese scout plane flyover in 1942.[36] While Hobart was isolated, it also contained the not insignificant Electrolytic Zinc Company which was essential for ammunition production.[37]

During the mid 20th century, the state and local governments invested in building Hobart's reputation as a tourist attraction—in 1956 the Lanherne Airport (now Hobart Airport) was opened. Australia's first legal casino, Wrest Point Hotel Casino, opened in 1973. Despite these successes, Hobart faced significant challenges during the 20th century, including the 1967 Tasmanian fires, which claimed 64 lives in Hobart itself and destroyed over 1200 homes,[38][39] and the 1975 Tasman Bridge disaster, when a bulk ore carrier collided with and destroyed the concrete span bridge that connected the city to its eastern suburbs.

In the 21st century, Hobart benefited as Tasmania's economy recovered from the 1990s recession, and the city's long-stagnant population growth began to reverse.[40] A period of significant growth has followed, including the redevelopment of the former Macquarie Point railyards, Parliament Square, and new hotel developments throughout the city.[41]

Geography

[edit]

Topography

[edit]
The City of Hobart (green) and Greater Hobart (teal). Greater Hobart covers 1,695.5 km2 (654.6 sq mi), whereas the built-up urban area covers 81 km2 (31 sq mi).

Hobart is located on the estuary of the River Derwent in the state's south-east. It is built predominantly on Jurassic dolerite around the foothills interspersed with smaller areas of Triassic siltstone and Permian mudstone, straddling the River Derwent.

The Western Shore extends from the Derwent Valley in the northwest through the flatter areas around Glenorchy (which rests on older Triassic sediment) bounded by peaks averaging around 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) (including kunanyi / Mount Wellington, Mt Hull, Mt Faulkner and Mt Dromedary). The hilly inner areas rest on the younger Jurassic dolerite deposits, before stretching into the lower areas such as the beaches of Sandy Bay in the south, while the City and Kingston are separated by hills and Taroona's Alum Cliffs. The Derwent estuary exits into Storm Bay wrapped by the South Arm Peninsula, Iron Pot and Betsey Island, with Turrakana / Tasman Peninsula and Bruny Island beyond.

The Eastern Shore also extends from the Derwent in a southeasterly direction hugging the Meehan Range (which hovers around 400 metres (1,300 ft) with distinctive summits such as Mt Direction and Gunners Quoin towards the irregular valleys of Brighton) before sprawling into flatter land in suburbs such as Bellerive. These flatter areas of the eastern shore rest on far younger Quaternary deposits. From there the city wraps around the estuary to peninsulas and extends across the hills in an easterly direction into the valley area of Rokeby, before reaching into the tidal flatland area of Lauderdale (between Ralphs Bay and Frederick Henry Bay).

Hobart has access to a number of beach areas including those in the Derwent estuary itself: Long Beach, Nutgrove Beach, Bellerive Beach, Cornelian Bay, Kingston, and Howrah Beaches, as well as many more in Frederick Henry Bay such as Seven Mile, Roaches, Cremorne, Clifton and Goats Beaches.

Panorama of the Hobart metropolitan area from Mount Stuart. In the background is Mount Direction with the Jordan River valley to the left and Shag Bay to the right

Ecology

[edit]
Richea scoparia flowering on kunanyi / Mount Wellington

Hobart is located on the edge of the Tasmanian South East and Tasmanian Southern Ranges IBRA bioregions as well as being surrounded by parts of the South-east Tasmania Important Bird Area (such as the Meehan and Wellington Ranges) which provide important habitat for Tasmanian birds. The East Risdon State Reserve contains the wattles Derwent cascade and Acacia riceana, as well as the rare or endangered Risdon peppermint and Eucalyptus morrisbyi. Other local plant species like heartleaf silver gum and the abundant blue gum are also planted horticulturally, while many exotic species were planted as a result of aesthetic preferences from British colonisation. Black peppermint, silver peppermint, blue wattle, blackwood, drooping sheoak and cherry ballart are another common woodland combination.

Threatened species of wildlife found in Hobart include the swift parrot, grey goshawk, Tasmanian masked owl, eastern barred bandicoot and eastern quoll. These amount to 11 species of fauna, 10 of flora and 4 vegetation communities. 5 of the threatened species are endemic to Hobart.[42] A common sight within the city are pademelons and wallabies, and the Hobart Rivulet is home to platypuses.[43] Wildlife groups and road safety advocates have highlighted the role of slower speeds in reducing urban roadkill and traffic injuries.[44]

While parts of kunanyi / Mt Wellington have been cleared in the past (and species like celery top pine were allegedly present), stands of old-growth white gums accompanied by giant stringybarks (such as the Octopus tree)[45] remain there. A rare patch of non-sclerophyll Tasmanian rainforest dominated by myrtle beech and blackheart sassafras is located near Collinsvale. A famous tree within the city of Hobart is the Anglesea Barracks blue gum which may have been a seedling before the colonial era.[46]

Climate

[edit]
Snow in Hobart, 2015. While sleet is not rare in Hobart during the colder months, and many outer suburbs receive snow frequently, snow is rare in the inner suburbs.

Hobart has a mild temperate oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Cflk).[47] The highest temperature recorded was 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) on 4 January 2013 and the lowest was −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) on 25 June 1972 and 11 July 1981.[5] Annually, Hobart receives only 40.8 clear days without rain. Compared to other major Australian cities, Hobart has the fewest daily average hours of sunshine, with only 5.9 hours per day.[48] However, during the summer it has the most hours of daylight of any Australian city, with 15.3 hours on the summer solstice.[49] By global standards, Hobart has cool summers and mild winters for its latitude, being heavily influenced by its seaside location. Nevertheless, the strong northerly winds from the Australian outback ensure that Hobart experiences temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) in most years.[50] Those temperatures are very warm compared to climates on higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere with similar summer averages. Light air frost occasionally happens, albeit not every year.[50]

Although Hobart itself rarely receives snow during the winter due to the foehn effect created by the Central Highlands (the city's geographic position causes a rain shadow), the adjacent kunanyi / Mount Wellington is frequently seen with a snowcap throughout the year. During the 20th century, the city itself has received snowfalls at sea level on average only once every 5 years; however, outer suburbs lying higher on the slopes of Mount Wellington receive snow more often, owing to the more exposed position coupled with them resting at higher altitude. These snow-bearing winds often carry on through Tasmania and Victoria to the Snowy Mountains in Victoria and southern New South Wales. Nevertheless, sleet can occur in Hobart during the peak Tasmanian snow season (typically defined as being between May to September, with the most snowfalls in July and August).

Average sea temperatures range from 12.5 °C (54.5 °F) in September to 16.5 °C (61.7 °F) in February.[51]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.8
(107.2)
40.1
(104.2)
39.1
(102.4)
32.3
(90.1)
25.7
(78.3)
20.6
(69.1)
22.1
(71.8)
24.5
(76.1)
31.0
(87.8)
34.6
(94.3)
36.8
(98.2)
40.8
(105.4)
41.8
(107.2)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 35.2
(95.4)
33.3
(91.9)
30.8
(87.4)
25.5
(77.9)
21.3
(70.3)
17.5
(63.5)
16.7
(62.1)
19.6
(67.3)
22.8
(73.0)
27.2
(81.0)
30.3
(86.5)
32.1
(89.8)
36.9
(98.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9)
22.2
(72.0)
20.7
(69.3)
17.9
(64.2)
15.3
(59.5)
12.7
(54.9)
12.6
(54.7)
13.7
(56.7)
15.7
(60.3)
17.6
(63.7)
19.1
(66.4)
21.0
(69.8)
17.6
(63.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.9
(64.2)
17.5
(63.5)
16.2
(61.2)
13.7
(56.7)
11.5
(52.7)
9.1
(48.4)
8.9
(48.0)
9.7
(49.5)
11.3
(52.3)
13.0
(55.4)
14.6
(58.3)
16.3
(61.3)
13.3
(55.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4)
12.8
(55.0)
11.6
(52.9)
9.4
(48.9)
7.6
(45.7)
5.5
(41.9)
5.2
(41.4)
5.6
(42.1)
6.9
(44.4)
8.3
(46.9)
10.0
(50.0)
11.6
(52.9)
9.0
(48.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8)
7.9
(46.2)
6.4
(43.5)
4.2
(39.6)
2.8
(37.0)
0.9
(33.6)
1.1
(34.0)
1.4
(34.5)
2.2
(36.0)
3.3
(37.9)
5.0
(41.0)
6.7
(44.1)
0.5
(32.9)
Record low °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9)
3.4
(38.1)
1.8
(35.2)
0.7
(33.3)
−1.6
(29.1)
−2.8
(27.0)
−2.8
(27.0)
−1.8
(28.8)
−0.8
(30.6)
0.0
(32.0)
0.3
(32.5)
3.3
(37.9)
−2.8
(27.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 43.7
(1.72)
37.8
(1.49)
37.0
(1.46)
42.6
(1.68)
39.2
(1.54)
46.0
(1.81)
44.5
(1.75)
63.0
(2.48)
55.6
(2.19)
52.8
(2.08)
50.7
(2.00)
53.0
(2.09)
565.9
(22.28)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 9.5 9.1 11.3 11.1 12.0 12.4 14.1 15.3 15.7 15.0 13.5 11.7 150.7
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) 5.5 5.2 6.7 7.2 6.5 7.2 8.4 9.9 9.7 9.2 8.1 7.4 91.0
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 51 52 52 56 58 64 61 56 53 51 53 49 55
Mean monthly sunshine hours 257.3 226.0 210.8 177.0 148.8 132.0 151.9 179.8 195.0 232.5 234.0 248.0 2,393.1
Percent possible sunshine 59 62 57 59 53 49 53 58 59 58 56 53 56
Source 1: Bureau of Meteorology (1991–2020 averages;[52] extremes 1882–present)[5][53][54]
Source 2: Bureau of Meteorology, Hobart Airport (sunshine hours)[55]
Climate data for Hobart Airport (Cambridge)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.4
(106.5)
39.8
(103.6)
38.1
(100.6)
31.8
(89.2)
25.6
(78.1)
19.6
(67.3)
20.4
(68.7)
23.7
(74.7)
31.1
(88.0)
33.4
(92.1)
38.5
(101.3)
40.8
(105.4)
41.4
(106.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.1
(73.6)
22.5
(72.5)
21.1
(70.0)
18.2
(64.8)
15.6
(60.1)
13.2
(55.8)
13.0
(55.4)
13.9
(57.0)
15.7
(60.3)
17.7
(63.9)
19.5
(67.1)
21.4
(70.5)
17.9
(64.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.6
(54.7)
12.4
(54.3)
11.0
(51.8)
8.8
(47.8)
6.9
(44.4)
4.9
(40.8)
4.4
(39.9)
5.0
(41.0)
6.4
(43.5)
7.9
(46.2)
9.7
(49.5)
11.2
(52.2)
8.4
(47.1)
Record low °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7)
3.4
(38.1)
2.2
(36.0)
−0.6
(30.9)
−2.2
(28.0)
−3.9
(25.0)
−3.2
(26.2)
−2
(28)
−2.3
(27.9)
−1
(30)
1.7
(35.1)
2.7
(36.9)
−3.9
(25.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 40.7
(1.60)
35.2
(1.39)
34.1
(1.34)
35.6
(1.40)
30.4
(1.20)
38.9
(1.53)
33.8
(1.33)
46.0
(1.81)
39.8
(1.57)
40.2
(1.58)
42.2
(1.66)
46.6
(1.83)
463.5
(18.25)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 9.0 8.8 10.3 10.1 10.3 11.4 13.0 13.6 13.9 13.3 12.4 11.3 137.4
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 49 51 50 54 57 62 60 55 52 50 50 47 53
Source 1: Bureau of Meteorology (1991–2020 averages)[56]
Source 2: Extremes 1958–present[57]
Climate data for Hobart
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)
16.4
(61.5)
16.4
(61.5)
15.4
(59.7)
14.6
(58.3)
13.6
(56.5)
12.9
(55.2)
12.7
(54.9)
12.7
(54.9)
13.1
(55.6)
14.4
(57.9)
15.9
(60.6)
14.6
(58.3)
Mean daily daylight hours 15.0 14.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 13.0 15.0 15.0 12.1
Average Ultraviolet index 11 9 6 4 2 1 1 2 4 6 8 10 5.3
Source: Weather Atlas,[58] seatemperature.org[59]

Urban structure

[edit]
Hobart area from Bellerive Beach

Parks and nature reserves

[edit]
Strickland Falls on the upper Hobart Rivulet
The Hobart Cenotaph, located within Queens Domain

Hobart has a diverse array of natural areas, parks and gardens. It is most notably defined by its large areas of native bushland owing to its location. The most prominent of these is Wellington Park which encompasses the plateau of kunanyi / Mt Wellington itself as well as much of the surrounding alpine woodland and dense forests. This is taken advantage of with a large number of trails for walking, hiking and mountain biking activities all across the Hobart metropolitan area, some of which follow watercourses like the Hobart Linear Park (Cascade Gardens), Lambert Park, New Town Rivulet (Ancanthe Park) and Tolosa Park, or ridgelines to viewing points in places like the Truganini Conservation Area and Bicentennial Park.[60] The former Fern Tree Bower of Dicksonia antarctica can be visited on the Pipeline Track.[61]

The city also has many urban bushland areas, most prominent of which is the centrally-located Queens Domain which contains the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens established in 1818 (which, though ringed by expressways, remain a highly popular destination with a variety of attractions), the Hobart Cenotaph (accessed via the Bridge of Remembrance[62] and Hobart Regatta grounds which link to the Intercity Cycleway), the University Rose Gardens, a number of sporting facilities (like the Domain Athletic Centre and Doone Kennedy Hobart Aquatic Centre), and formerly the Hobart Zoo (a role now taken up by Bonorong Wildlife Sanctuary in Brighton). Areas along the eastern shore also provide recreation, including many coastal walks to areas like Kangaroo Bluff (one of many former Hobart coastal defences which are now parks) and the Kangaroo Bay Parkland[63] (near Charles Hand Park and the Rosny Parklands) in Bellerive, Anzac Park and Simmons Park in Lindisfarne, Wentworth park at Howrah Beach, as well as hills within the urban area such as Gordons Hill, Natone Hill, Rokeby Hills, Waverly Flora Park and the panoramic lookout at Rosny Hill.

In the city, many urban parks and gardens have sprung up over the years, like St David's Park, Franklin Square, the Parliament or Salamanca Gardens, Boat Park (Princes Park),[64] Fitzroy Gardens and St Andrews Park,[65] along with newer pocket parks like the Garden of Memories on Elizabeth Street. Inner suburban parks like Wellesley Park in South Hobart, the Train Park (Caldew Park)[66] in West Hobart, and the Cultural Skatepark and Soundy Park in North Hobart are also popular. Parks continue to extend along the complex coastline of the estuary, from the birdwatching area of Goulds Lagoon, Old Beach's "little doors", the Claremont Cenotaph by Windermere Beach, Moorilla Estate winery, Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park (GASP) with the Montrose Boardwalk, Giblins Reserve and Cornelian Bay to the north, and the Battery Point Sculpture Trail, Errol Flynn Reserve, Long Beach Reserve by Nutgrove Beach and the Alexandra Battery, and Kingston Park to the south.

Architecture

[edit]
The Hunter Street Precinct is known for its Georgian era waterfront warehouses, since converted into restaurants, bars and galleries.

Hobart's architecture is stylistically eclectic and reflects various periods of Australian history. The city is known for its well-preserved Georgian and Victorian-era buildings, giving specific areas an "old world" feel.[67][68] For locals, this became a source of discomfiture about the city's convict past, but is now a draw card for tourists.[69]

A yard and cottages within the Cascades Female Factory, one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed Australian Convict Sites

The city centre contains many of the city's oldest buildings, including the Hope and Anchor Tavern (1807) and Ingle Hall (1811–14). The Cascade Brewery (1824), Australia's longest operating brewery, was built using convict labour, as was the Cascades Female Factory (1828), now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other notable early buildings include: Hadley's Orient Hotel (1834), Australia's oldest continuously operating hotel; the Theatre Royal (1837), Australia's oldest continually operating theatre; the Greek revival Lady Franklin Gallery (1843), Australia's first private museum; and the Hobart Synagogue (1845), which is Australia's oldest synagogue and a rare example of an Egyptian revival synagogue. Salamanca Place contains many Georgian era buildings, as well as Kelly's Steps, which were built in 1839 to provide a short-cut to Battery Point, a largely residential suburb known for its weatherboard cottages and multi-storey terraces.

Government architect John Lee Archer designed the Regency-style Customs House (1840), facing Sullivans Cove and now used as Parliament House. He also designed the Gothic revival Engineers Building (1847) later used as the Tasmanian Main Line Company headquarters. Nearby are more buildings in the same style, Australia's oldest tertiary institution was based in the former Hobart High School from 1848 (Domain House, now owned by UTAS),[70] and the Government House building was built in 1857 and is the third iteration. Henry Hunter was an architect known for churches such as St Mary's Cathedral (1898), but he also designed Hobart Town Hall (1866), located on the site of the old Government House.

The TMAG building, built in 1902 as a new Second Empire style Customs House, is situated on Constitution Dock and incorporates the Bond (1824) and Commisariat Store buildings (1810), the latter of which contributed to Hobart's early street layout when the Hobart Rivulet passed beside it. Away from the mouth of the rivulet was Hunter Island and after 1820 was also used for extensive warehousing.

Hobart is home to many historic churches. The Scots Church (formerly known as St Andrew's) was built in Bathurst Street from 1834 to 1836, and a small sandstone building within the churchyard was used as the city's first Presbyterian Church. St John's in New Town, featuring a clocktower and turrets, sat in the middle of the Queens Orphanage complex (now near the Hobart City High School) from 1835.[71] The Greek revival St George's Anglican Church in Battery Point was completed in 1838, and a classical tower designed by James Blackburn (who also designed the Holy Trinity Church) was added in 1847. St Joseph's was built in 1840 and the Davey Street Congregational Church in 1857. St David's Cathedral, Hobart's first, was consecrated in 1874. The grand Queen Anne style Mount Saint Canice (1893) sits above Sandy Bay.

The neo-gothic National Mutual Life Building (1906) next to the brutalist RBA Building (1977)

The Edwardian Baroque GPO was built in 1905, and the Hobart City Hall was built in 1915 in a Federation warehouse style on the former city marketplace.[72] The North Hobart Post Office (1913) of a John Smith Murdoch design is in a colourful Edwardian style. Hobart is also home to a number of Art Deco landmarks, including the T&G building (1938) on Murray Street, the Old Mercury Building on Macquarie Street (1938), the former Hydro Tasmania (1938) and the Colonial Mutual Life buildings (1936) on Elizabeth Street. The 1939 Streamline Moderne Riviera Hotel is joined by what remains the tallest building in Tasmania, the Wrest Point Casino (1973) designed by Roy Grounds in Moderne. Several of the tallest buildings in Hobart were built in this era, such as the International Style MLC building (1958–77), the Empress Towers (1967), the Brutalist NAB House (1968) and former Reserve Bank Building (1977), and the brown-coloured Modernist Marine Board Building (1972) and Jaffa Building (1978). Dorney House (1978) at the former Fort Nelson is an example of residential modernism.[73]

The postmodern Hotel Grand Chancellor was built in 1987 in what was the Wapping neighbourhood, which now features many examples of contemporary architecture, such as the 2001 Federation Concert Hall and The Hedberg, designed in 2013 around Conceptualism.[74] The distinctive shapes of the 2020 K-Block redevelopment of the Royal Hobart Hospital was based on the street grid and convict-made Rajah Quilt.[75] Nearby is the Menzies Institute and UTAS Medical Science Precinct, which features two 2009 examples of avant-garde styles inspired by land-water interplay.[76] On Castray Esplanade, the Salamanca Wharf Hotel was built in 2013 and combines Antarctic colours with the surrounding former-ordnance warehouses.[77] The Myer Centre Icon Complex was completed in 2020 as a replacement for the 1908 Liverpool Street building which burnt down in 2007, while retaining the façade on Murray Street. Projects designed by local architects include the Mövenpick Hotel, built in 2021 by Jaws.[78]

Housing

[edit]
Post-war housing is common throughout the city

Hobart as a city has delivered its housing by various means and forms. For its early history, housing was small-scale but clustered in very small areas (the highest concentration and diversity of Hobart's heritage remains around the constantly-evolving city centre).[79] With the development of streets and public transport, such as a railway in 1876 and Australia's first fully-electric tram network in 1893, further growth of the urban area was enabled. Inner suburbs from this era typically have orderly streets (around planned subdivisions of former agriculture grants, often inspired by the City Beautiful movement) with shopfronts (the Hill Street Grocer franchise derives from the commercial legacy of a former tramway) and narrow lanes lined with timber and brick cottages, townhouses and small apartment buildings.

Social housing was usually organised by private societies and entities as outreach to those in need until crises brought greater attention from government authorities, such as the Homes Act (1919) and Housing Agreement (1945). The Housing Department focused mainly on mixing these with broad-acre suburban estates, which were sometimes expensive to service with adequate infrastructure.[80] Architects such as Margaret Findlay were employed by the public works department. Bungalows were mass-produced in weatherboard and then fibro materials.[81] The 1944 Town and Country Planning Act was the instrument to transfer control of urban housing to municipalities, which automatically resulted in tightly restricted homebuilding in existing urban areas.[82] The advent of the automotive city and the 1965 Hobart Area Transportation Study (which ultimately resulted in cuts to public transport[83][84] and parts of the inner city being converted into parking) further made Hobart a sprawling city. Zoning now applies and specific area plans can also be prepared (with the land use near Hobart's northern suburbs transit corridor under particular focus),[85] though planning reform and new provisions schedules are being prepared.[86] While community and social housing projects do occur in expensive areas (such as 25 apartments on Goulburn Street in 2021),[87] it is still difficult to achieve approval.[88][89]

As of 2024, Hobart is the least dense Australian capital[90] with the highest costs per capita (alongside Sydney) for housing[91] and car-ownership (19.7% cost-to-income in 2024).[92] This is credited with contributing to the broader Tasmanian demographic crisis and emigration.[93] The median house price of inner Hobart was A$1,026,500 in 2021,[94] which would be 12.8x the region's median household income per year. Of the 76,686 total dwellings in urban Greater Hobart in 2021, only 10% were a flat or apartment and 7.2% semi-detached or terrace.[95] Greater Hobart builds on average 700 new dwellings per year,[96] which equates to between 3–3.5 per 1000 people (lower than the 6–9 of other states),[97] mostly concentrated in outer suburbs like Bridgewater[98] (which has the lowest life expectancy in Hobart at 67)[99] which studies show can cost 8x more than infill,[100][101] meaning they require more infrastructure per dwelling to service[102] than areas closer to existing services (which are more often under-capacity[103]). Rental vacancies have generally been on decline since about 2013 with the rate consistenly under 3% and listings 50.5% lower in southern Tasmania over 11 years. Renting is also typically less protected than other states.[104]

Tenant-oriented housing models may become more common, with a few examples in Hobart such as 2020's all-electric The Commons Hobart where expensive parking mandates were waivered to enable an affordable green lifestyle.[105]

Culture

[edit]

Since the 2000s, Hobart has gained a reputation as a "cool" and creative cultural capital[106] with increasing numbers of tourists drawn to its unconventional or quirky events and art projects, many spurred by the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA). The term "MONA effect" refers to the museum's significant impact on the local economy and Tasmanian tourism.[107]

The city's nightlife is primarily concentrated in Salamanca Place, North Hobart, the waterfront area, Elizabeth Street (which includes the pedestrianised Elizabeth Street Mall) and Sandy Bay. These areas are home to popular dining strips, pubs, bars and nightclubs.

Theatre and entertainment

[edit]
Established in 1837, Theatre Royal is Australia's oldest continually operating theatre.

The city centre is home to several theatres, including live theatre venues, picture palaces, and a multiplex operated by Village Cinemas.

The Theatre Royal, established in 1837, is Australia's oldest continually operating theatre, designed by colonial architect John Lee Archer.[108] Another historic theatre is the Playhouse Theatre. Built in the 1860s, it was originally a chapel designed by Henry Bastow. Today, it is owned by the Hobart Repertory Theatre Society.

Hobart's largest arthouse cinema, the State Cinema in North Hobart, was established as the North Hobart Picture Palace in 1913. It was acquired by the Reading Cinemas chain in 2019.[109] Located in New Town, the Rewind Cinema, formerly the Hidden Theatre, is housed in a 19th-century convict-built structure.[110]

Another popular live entertainment location is the Hanging Garden precinct, which contains several venues[111] and hosts Dark Mofo and Hobart Festival of Comedy events.

Galleries and museums

[edit]
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery

Australia's first privately funded museum, the Lady Franklin Gallery, was established in Acanthe Park by Lady Jane Franklin in 1843 and is now run by The Art Society of Tasmania.[112] Three years later, the Royal Society of Tasmania (the oldest Royal Society outside England) founded the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG). Its first permanent home opened in 1863 and the museum has gradually expanded to occupy several surrounding buildings, including the Commisariat Store, built in 1810. The TMAG-run Narryna was founded in 1955 as the Van Diemen's Land Memorial Folk Museum and is housed within an 1830s Georgian town house. Maritime Museum Tasmania is located near TMAG on the waterfront and has been in operation since 1974.

The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) opened in 2011 to coincide with the third annual MONA FOMA festival. Located within the Moorilla winery on the Berriedale peninsula, the multi-storey MONA gallery houses the collection of David Walsh and is the Southern Hemisphere's largest privately owned museum.[113]

Literature

[edit]

The first book of general Australian literature was published in Hobart. Titled The Last and Worst of the Bushrangers of Van Diemen's Land, it was printed by convict Andrew Bent and details the life and crimes Michael Howe, the bushranger and outlaw. In 1824, Bent, as proprietor of the Hobart Town Gazette, established the first free press in Australia. The first Australian novel, Quintus Servinton, was written in 1831 by convict Henry Savery and published in Hobart.[114] Written during his imprisonment, it is a semi-autobiographical work about the life of a convict in Van Diemen's Land. Mary Leman Grimstone, whose book Woman's Love was written in Hobart between 1826 and 1829, holds the distinction of being the author of the first non-biographical Australian novel. It was printed in London in 1832.[115]

The State Library of Tasmania is located in the city centre and comprises the Allport Library and Museum of Fine Arts, which houses an extensive collection of colonial works and artefacts. In 2023, Hobart became a UNESCO City of Literature.[116]

Music

[edit]
Odeon Theatre, a popular live music venue

The Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra is based at the Federation Concert Hall on the city's waterfront. The Federation Concert Hall also hosts the University of Tasmania's Australian International Symphony Orchestra Institute (AISOI) which fosters advanced young musicians from across Australia and internationally. Other live music venues in Hobart include Odeon Theatre, Avalon Theatre and Hobart City Hall. Major national and international music events are usually held at MyState Bank Arena, or the Tasman Room at Wrest Point Hotel Casino.

The city's music scene has given rise to internationally acclaimed acts working in a variety of genres, including Striborg and Psycroptic (metal), The Paradise Motel (chamber pop), Sea Scouts (noise rock), and Monique Brumby (indie pop). Other Hobart musicians have co-founded successful mainland Australian bands, including singer-songwriters Sacha Lucashenko (of The Morning After Girls) and Michael Noga (of The Drones), and multi-instrumentalist Monika Fikerle (of Love of Diagrams). Theremin player Miles Brown, blues guitarist Phil Manning (of blues-rock band Chain), and TikTok artist Kim Dracula all originated in Hobart. In addition, founding member of Violent Femmes, Brian Ritchie, now calls Hobart home, and curated the annual international arts festival MONA FOMA. Chloe Alison Escott is from Hobart, and founded The Native Cats with Julian Teakle.[117]

Events

[edit]
Winter Feast during the Dark Mofo arts and music festival

Hobart's recurring events consist of weekly markets, most notably Salamanca Market. The city also hosts festivals including Taste of Tasmania, which celebrates local produce, wine and music; Dark Mofo[118] which is the city's biggest winter festival leading into the solstice featuring the Winter Feast; and Tasmania's biennial international arts festival Ten Days On The Island. Other festivals, including the Southern Roots Festival and the Falls Festival in Marion Bay, also capitalise on Hobart's artistic communities.

The Australian Wooden Boat Festival is a biennial event held in Hobart celebrating wooden boats. It is held concurrently with the Royal Hobart Regatta, which began in 1830 and is therefore Tasmania's oldest surviving sporting event. The Sandy Bay Regatta began in 1849.[119] In October is Hobart Show Day where agriculture is showcased at the Hobart Showground in Glenorchy.

The Hobart International is an annual tennis tournament held since 1994. The city is the finishing point of the Targa Tasmania rally car event, which has been held annually in April since 1991.

Sport

[edit]
Bellerive Oval hosts cricket and Australian rules football, Hobart's two most popular spectator sports.
Hobart's Constitution Dock is the arrival point for yachts after they have completed the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race and is a scene of celebration during the new year festivities

Most professional Hobart-based sports teams represent Tasmania as a whole rather than exclusively the city.

Cricket is a popular sport in Hobart. The Tasmanian Tigers cricket team plays its home games at Bellerive Oval on the Eastern Shore, and the Hobart Hurricanes compete in the Big Bash League.

Australian rules football was introduced to Hobart in the 1860s and has long been the city's most popular spectator sport. Founded in 1879 and headquartered at Hobart, the Tasmanian Football League features four Hobart-based clubs: Clarence, Glenorchy, Lauderdale and North Hobart. Hobart-based teams also play in the Southern Football League. Hobart has hosted Australian Football League (AFL) matches since 1991, and in 2023, Tasmania was awarded a conditional license to field the league's 19th AFL team, nicknamed the Tasmanian Devils. The conditional license is contingent on a 23,000 seat roofed stadium being built at Hobart's Macquarie Point. It is anticipated that the men's team will join the AFL by 2028.[120][121]

Tasmania is not represented by teams in the National Rugby League, nor the Super Rugby (rugby union), ANZ Championship (netball) and A-League (soccer) competitions. However, the Tasmania JackJumpers entered the National Basketball League in 2021. The Hobart Chargers also represent Hobart in the second-tier South East Australian Basketball League.

Hobart is internationally famous among the yachting community as the finish of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race which starts in Sydney on Boxing Day. The arrival of the yachts is celebrated as part of the Hobart Summer Festival, a food and wine festival beginning just after Christmas and ending in mid-January.

The Tassie Tigers field men's and women's representative sides in Hockey One, which replaced the Australian Hockey League in 2019. They play their home matches at the Tasmanian Hockey Centre, which has also hosted international competition matches, such as the Men's FIH Pro League.

The city co-hosted the basketball FIBA Oceania Championship 1975, where the Australian national basketball team won the gold medal.

Media

[edit]
The 130 m (430 ft) tall television and radio transmitter of Hobart is to the left over the Organ Pipes of kunanyi / Mt Wellington
Station Frequency
Energy FM 87.8 FM Commercial
Triple J 92.9 FM Government funded
ABC Classic FM 93.9 FM Government funded
Hobart FM 96.1 FM Community
Edge Radio 99.3 FM Community
hit100.9 Hobart 100.9 FM Commercial
7HO FM 101.7 FM Commercial
SBS Radio 105.7 FM Government funded
Ultra106five 106.5 FM Christian/narrowcast
Triple M Hobart 107.3 FM Commercial
ABC Radio National 585 AM Government funded
ABC NewsRadio 747 AM Government funded
7RPH 864 AM Community
936 ABC Hobart 936 AM Government funded
TOTE Sport Radio 1080 AM Racing/narrowcast
Rete Italia 1611 AM Italian radio
NTC Radio Australia 1620 AM Community

Five free-to-air television stations service Hobart:

Each station broadcasts a primary channel and several multichannels.

Hobart is served by twenty-nine digital free-to-air television channels:

  1. ABC
  2. ABC HD (ABC broadcast in HD)
  3. ABC TV Plus/KIDS
  4. ABC ME
  5. ABC News
  6. SBS
  7. SBS HD (SBS broadcast in HD)
  8. SBS Viceland
  9. SBS Viceland HD (SBS Viceland broadcast in HD)
  10. Food Network
  11. NITV
  12. 7 Tasmania (on relay from Melbourne)
  13. 7HD (Seven broadcast in HD)
  14. 7two
  15. 7mate
  16. Racing.com
  17. Nine (on relay from Melbourne)
  18. 9HD (Nine broadcast in HD)
  19. 9Gem
  20. 9Go!
  21. 9Life
  22. TVSN
  23. Gold
  24. Sky News on WIN
  25. 10 (on relay from Melbourne)
  26. 10 HD (TDT broadcast in HD)
  27. 10 Bold
  28. 10 Peach
  29. 10 Shake

The majority of pay television services are provided by Foxtel via satellite, although other smaller pay television providers do service Hobart.

Commercial radio stations licensed to cover the Hobart market include Triple M Hobart, hit100.9 Hobart and 7HO FM. Local community radio stations include Christian radio station Ultra106five, Edge Radio and Hobart FM which targets the wider community with specialist programs. The five ABC radio networks available on analogue radio broadcast to Hobart via 936 ABC Hobart, Radio National, Triple J, NewsRadio and ABC Classic FM. Hobart is also home to the video creation company Biteable.

Hobart's major newspaper is The Mercury, which was founded by John Davies in 1854 and has been continually published ever since. The paper is owned and operated by Rupert Murdoch's News Limited. Pulse Tasmania, formerly Pulse Hobart, started as a radio station in Hobart and focuses mainly on short-form news media on its website.

Demographics

[edit]

At the 2021 census, there were 247,068 people in the Greater Hobart.[3] The City of Hobart local government area had a population of 55,077.

As of 2021, the median weekly household income was $1,542, compared with $1,746 nationally.[122]

18.1% of households total weekly income is less than $650 week, while 18.9% of households weekly income exceeds $3,000. This compares to national rates of 16.5% and 24.3% respectively.

35.4% of renting households, and 10.3% of owned households with a mortgage experience housing stress, where rent or mortgage repayments exceed 30% of income.

At the 2016 census, The most common occupation categories were professionals (22.6%), clerical and administrative workers (14.7%), technicians and trades workers (13.3%), community and personal service workers (12.8%), and managers (11.3%).

Ancestry and immigration

[edit]
Country of birth (2021)[123]
Birthplace[N 3] Population
Australia 189,218
England 8,155
Mainland China 5,544
Nepal 4,107
India 4,074
New Zealand 2,108
Philippines 1,165

4.5% of the population (11,216 people) are Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders).[N 4][124]

At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated ancestry groups include:

23.4% of the population was born overseas at the 2021 census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England (3.3%), Mainland China (2.2%), Nepal (1.7%), India (1.6%) and New Zealand (0.9%).[127]

Language

[edit]

At the 2021 census, 82.6% of the population spoke only English at home. The other languages most commonly spoken at home were Mandarin (2.6%), Nepali (1.8%), Punjabi (0.7%), Cantonese (0.5%) and Vietnamese (0.4%).[128]

Religion

[edit]
St David's Cathedral

In the 2021 census, 49.9% of Greater Hobart residents specified no religion. Christianity comprised the largest religious affiliation (37.1%), with the largest denominations being Anglicanism (14.1%) and Catholicism (14.1%). Hinduism (2.6%), Buddhism (1.3%), Islam (1.3%) and Sikhism (0.6%) constitute the remaining largest religious affiliations.[129]

Hobart has a small community of 456 members[130] of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, with meetinghouses in Glenorchy, Rosny, and Glen Huon.[131] There is also a synagogue, with a Jewish community of 203 people.[132][133] Hobart has a Baháʼí community, with a Baháʼí Centre of Learning, located within the city.[134] In 2013, Hillsong Church established a Hillsong Connect campus in Hobart.[135]

Economy

[edit]
Designed by Roy Grounds, the 17-storey Wrest Point Hotel Casino in Sandy Bay, opened as Australia's first legal casino in 1973.[136]

In 2021, Greater Hobart's main occupations were professionals and service workers, trades, administration and management and other labour professions working in industries such as healthcare, the public service, and supermarkets and small businesses. Incomes are higher than the rest of Tasmania, but lower than the Australian median.[137] These employment areas are reflected by the gross value added provided by industries, which is greatest among the "healthcare and social assistance (17%), public administration and safety (11%), and financial and insurance services (10%)." Healthcare is also the fastest-growing, while services and construction have the highest business count. The vast majority of this economic production is concentrated in the City of Hobart area, except manufacturing which is higher in Glenorchy City.[138]

Major shopping areas include the Elizabeth Street Mall (the only fully-pedestrianised block in the city), which is connected with the Cat and Fiddle Arcade, Centrepoint and Liverpool Street in the CBD, Mayfair Shopping Plaza on Sandy Bay Road, New Town Plaza, Moonah Central (near a foodmarket), Northgate Shopping Centre and Centro in Glenorchy, Claremont Plaza, Eastlands Shopping Centre (Tasmania's biggest) in Rosny Park, Lindisfarne village, Shoreline Plaza in Howrah, Glebe Hill Village Shopping Centre, Cambridge Homemaker Centre by the airport, Green Point Plaza and Covehill Fair Shopping Centre in Bridgewater, New Norfolk, and Channel Court Shopping Centre and Kingston Town Shopping Centre in Kingston.

Shipping is significant to the city's economy. The city is a popular cruise ship destination during the summer months, with 47 such ships docking during the course of the 2016–17 summer season, and $34.5 million in direct expenditure in 2017 (an average spend of $172 per passenger).

Tourism is a significant part of the economy, with visitors coming to the city to explore its historic inner suburbs and nationally acclaimed restaurants and cafes, as well as its vibrant music and nightlife culture. The two major draw-cards are the weekly market in Salamanca Place, and the Museum of Old and New Art. The city is also used as a base from which to explore the rest of Tasmania.

The city also supports many other industries. Major local employers include catamaran builder Incat, zinc refinery Nyrstar Hobart, Cascade Brewery and Cadbury's Chocolate Factory, Norske Skog Boyer and Wrest Point Casino.[139] The city also supports a host of light industry manufacturers, as well as a range of redevelopment projects, including the $689 million Royal Hobart Hospital Redevelopment – standing as the states largest ever Health Infrastructure project.[140]

The last 15–20 years[when?] have seen Hobart's wine industry thrive as many vineyards have developed in countryside areas outside of the city in the Coal River Wine Region and D'Entrecasteaux Channel, including Moorilla Estate at Berriedale one of the most awarded vineyards in Australia.

Antarctic gateway

[edit]
The icebreakers Aurora Australis and L'Astrolabe berthed in Hobart

Hobart is an Antarctic gateway city, with geographical proximity to East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Infrastructure is provided by the port of Hobart for scientific research and cruise ships, and Hobart Airport supports an Antarctic Airlink to Wilkins Runway at Casey Station. Hobart is a logistics point for the Australian vessel Nuyina and French icebreaker L'Astrolabe.

Hobart is the home port for the Australian and French Antarctic programs, and provides port services for other visiting Antarctic nations and Antarctic cruise ships. Antarctic and Southern Ocean expeditions are supported by a specialist cluster offering cold climate products, services and scientific expertise. The majority of these businesses and organisations are members of the Tasmanian polar network, supported in part by the Tasmanian State Government.

Tasmania has a high concentration of Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientists. Hobart is home to the following Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientific institutions:

The Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at Salamanca Wharf

Tourism

[edit]
Salamanca Market with the snow-capped kunanyi / Mount Wellington in the background

Hobart serves as a focal point and mecca for tourism in the state of Tasmania. Hobart has been a significant tourist destination for many years, however tourism has evolved to a core industry in the last decade.[when?] This process has been termed the "MONA Effect" - referring to the significant influence of the Museum of New and Old Art (MONA), the Southern Hemisphere's largest private museum, on the local tourist economy - compared to the effect of the Guggenheim on Bilbao.[142] Since opening in 2011, MONA had received 2.5 million visitors by 2022 and has helped establish a number of art and food venues and events, including MONA FOMA, and the winter festivals of Mid-Winter Fest and Dark Mofo. 27% of visitors to Tasmania visit the museum.[143]

In 2016, Hobart received 1.8 million visitors, surpassing both Perth and Canberra, tying equally with Brisbane.[144] Visitor numbers reached a low of 744,200 in 2021, primarily as a result of the Covid-19 Pandemic, with expectations that numbers would return to normal by 2023.[145]

Many local tourist attractions focuses on the convict history of Hobart, the city's historic architecture, art experiences, and food and alcohol experiences. Hobart is home to a significant number of nationally known restaurants, boutique alcohol producers, including Sullivans Cove Whiskey, which won world's best single malt in 2014,[146] boutique hotels, and art experiences. Other significant tourist attractions include Australia's second oldest botanic gardens, the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, which holds extensive significant plant collections,[147] a range of public and private museums including the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery and Maritime Museum Tasmania, and kunanyi / Mount Wellington, one of the dominant features of Hobart's skyline. At 1,271 metres (4,170 ft), the mountain has its own ecosystems, is rich in biodiversity and plays a large part in determining the local weather.[citation needed]

Hobart is used as a staging ground to visit many of the region's surrounding attractions, including the historic sights of Richmond (where a model of Old Hobart Town is located) and Oatlands, Seven Mile Beach and Turrakana / Tasman Peninsula, the Huon Valley, and the waterfalls of Mount Field National Park via the Derwent Valley.

Government

[edit]

Local

[edit]
Hobart Town Hall

Greater Hobart as of the 2021 Census is divided into seven local government areas - three of which are designated as cities, City of Hobart, City of Glenorchy and City of Clarence. The remaining metropolitan area is within the Municipality of Kingborough, the Municipality of Brighton, the Municipality of Sorell and the Municipality of Derwent Valley.[3] Each local government area has an elected council which manages functions delegated by the Tasmanian state government such as roads, planning, animal control and parks. Mains water and sewerage processing are serviced by TasWater, which is a state-wide authority part owned by the state government and local government areas.

State

[edit]
Franklin Square Offices

Hobart is the seat of the Parliament of Tasmania, located at Parliament House, Salamanca Place, and the location of the official residence of the Governor of Tasmania, Government House.

The senior sitting of the Supreme Court of Tasmania, and only sitting of the Court's appeal division, as well as the Magistrates' Court and Tasmanian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (TASCAT), sit in Hobart.[148] The Risdon Prison Complex (which includes the Mary Hutchinson Women's Prison and Barwick Minimum Security Prison) and Hobart Reception Centre are in the region.

Hobart was made the seat of government for the southern district of Tasmania (then called Van Diemen's Land), Buckingham County in 1804, with the northern half of the state separately governed from Port Dalrymple, now George Town. At the time, Van Diemen's Land remained part of the Colony of New South Wales. In 1812, the northern lieutenant governorship ceased and Hobart become de facto seat of government for the entire island. Hobart officially became capital of an independent colony of Van Diemen's Land in 1825, and the seat of responsible self government in 1850 with the Australian Constitutions Act 1850.

Transport

[edit]

Bus

[edit]
A metro bus in the Hobart Bus Mall

The main public transportation within the city of Hobart is via a network of Metro Tasmania buses operated by the Tasmanian Government. The main hub is at the centrally located Hobart City Interchange on Elizabeth Street. The GreenCard fare ticketing system is held by about 100 thousand customers.[149]

There are also a small number of private bus services, departing from Murray Street and the Brooke Street Pier. These include the airport SkyBus, and charters and coaches by Tassielink Transit and Redline Coaches (now KINETIC, including the O'Driscoll Coaches Derwent Valley Link).

Tasmania spends the least per capita on public transport in Australia,[83] which is partly responsible for a weekday usage decline of 80.8% between 1964 and 2021.[84] However, the State Government has indicated a consolidation of routes into three main BRT spokes.

Road

[edit]
Tasman Bridge

Hobart's transport is centred around roads. The main arterial routes within the urban area are the Brooker Highway to Glenorchy and the northern suburbs, the Tasman Bridge and Bowen Bridge across the river to Rosny and the Eastern Shore. The East Derwent Highway to Lindisfarne, Geilston Bay, and Northwards to Brighton, the South Arm Highway leading to Howrah, Rokeby, Lauderdale and Opossum Bay and the Southern Outlet south to Kingston and the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. Leaving the city, motorists can travel the Lyell Highway to the west coast, Midland Highway to Launceston and the north, Tasman Highway to the east coast, or the Huon Highway to the far south.

Many of these highways were built after Australia's first motor vehicle transportation study by US consultants in the 1960s, with an apparent urgency to cater to growing road traffic volumes. However, most of the targets were not achieved in the years after 1985 despite the scale of these projects, with the large amount of public funds required curbing feasibility. Another side-effect of this transition in investment away from public transport is that Hobart has limited mode redundancy compared to larger Australian capitals and a higher proportion of vehicle traffic, meaning that individual incidents can shut the entire network down.[150][151]

As part of the Southern Transport Investment Program, Tasmania's largest transport project, the $786 million (as of 2023) New Bridgewater Bridge, is expected to finish by 2025.[152] Unlike the Tasman Bridge, it will be accessible to pedestrians upon opening.

Ferry

[edit]
Ena departing the Port of Hobart for MONA

There is a ferry service by Derwent Ferries which operates a single line (F2) between Brooke Street Pier and Bellerive Quay that operates six days a week.[153] It was initiated as a trial in 2021 servicing the Hobart City Centre and Bellerive on the eastern shore, garnering 110 thousand passengers by the end of the year.[154][155] The ferry provides a convenient alternative to crossing the Tasman Bridge choke point, with its purpose being to reduce congestion. It is seen as a first step in diversifying Hobart's transport options to reduce traffic problems by taking the number of cars off the road rather than inducing more traffic. More ferry terminal sites were revealed in 2023 to Regatta Point, Wrest Point, Wilkinsons Point, Howrah Point, Lindisfarne and Kingston Beach.[156]

There are also private tourist ferries like the Spirit of Hobart, and two MONA Roma catamarans which take 25 minutes to the Museum of Old and New Art.[157]

Ferry services from Hobart's Eastern Shore into the city were once a common form of public transportation, but with lack of government funding, as well as a lack of interest from the private sector, the commuter ferry service was closed for many decades – leaving Hobart's commuters relying solely on travel by automobiles and buses. There was however a water taxi service operating from the Eastern Shore into Hobart which provides an alternative to the Tasman Bridge (ferries were temporarily loaned from Sydney following the Tasman Bridge disaster). The MV Cartela was one of Australia's oldest still operating since 1912.

Air

[edit]
Hobart Airport terminal

Hobart is served by Hobart Airport with flights to/from Adelaide, Auckland, Brisbane, Canberra, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, and regional destinations including the Bass Strait islands. The smaller Cambridge Aerodrome mainly serves small charter airlines offering local tourist flights. In the past decade, Hobart International Airport received a huge upgrade, with the airport now being a first class airport facility.

In 2009, it was announced that Hobart Airport would receive more upgrades, including a first floor, aerobridges (currently, passengers must walk on the tarmac) and shopping facilities. Possible new international flights to Asia and New Zealand, and possible new domestic flights to Darwin and Cairns have been proposed. A second runway, possibly to be constructed in the next 15 years, would assist with growing passenger numbers to Hobart. Hobart Control Tower may be renovated and fitted with new radar equipment, and the airport's carpark may be extended further. Also, new facilities will be built just outside the airport. A new service station, hotel and day care centre have already been built and the road leading to the airport has been maintained and re-sealed. In 2016, work began on a 500-metre extension of the existing runway in addition to a $100 million upgrade of the airport. The runway extension is expected to allow international flights to land and increase air-traffic with Antarctica. This upgrade was, in part, funded under a promise made during the 2013 federal election by the Abbott government.[158]

Seaport

[edit]
Cruise ship and seaplane at the port

Hobart's main port is managed by TasPorts and has a variety of uses. In Sullivans Cove, the two Princes Wharves are used for Antarctic restocking operations, while there are many piers and pontoons for berthing sailing boats, fishing vessels and yachts (at Victoria and Constitution Docks, especially following the Sydney to Hobart) and a seaplane.[159] At Macquarie Point, the six Macquarie wharves are used for cruise ships (with a terminal onto Hunter Street by the port tower building) and defence vessels.[160] Previously, shipping and services to ferry people between Sydney and Hobart such as Tasmanian Steamers and the Australian National Line, and shipbuilding occurred nearby.[161]

Rail

[edit]

While freight rail no longer operates within Hobart (since 2014), TasRail still operates the Brighton Transport Hub which connects to the main line to the north of Tasmania. Locomotives can be seen in Bridgewater as they make their way from the Boyer Mill near New Norfolk on the operational part of the Derwent Valley railway.

Like many large Australian cities, Hobart once operated high-quality passenger rail services. This included a tram network which was closed in the early 1960s. The tracks are still visible in the older streets of Hobart. It was replaced by a short-lived trolleybus network consisting of six routes which operated until 1968. Suburban passenger trains, run by the Tasmanian Government Railways, were closed in 1974 and the intrastate passenger service, the Tasman Limited, ceased running in 1978. The Tasmanian Transport Museum in Glenorchy has a restored section of track for visitors.

There has been a push from public transport advocates and the two local councils[162][163] to establish a light rail network, intended to be fast, efficient, and eco-friendly, along existing tracks on the Northern Suburbs Transit Corridor to solve the frequent jamming of traffic in Hobart CBD. This has grown amidst the need for higher-capacity mass transit and an alternative State Government bus proposal. However The State Government haven't ruled out Light Rail but we are very conscious of how expensive it is.[164][165] The earlier Riverline proposal, which reached a business case (at $100 million, demonstrating benefits for socioeconomically disadvantaged areas of the city), was scrapped in the 2014 Australian federal budget.

Infrastructure

[edit]

Education

[edit]
The Hedberg, part of the University of Tasmania's Hobart campus

The Greater Hobart area contains 122 primary, secondary and pretertiary (College) schools distributed throughout Clarence, Glenorchy and Hobart City Councils and Kingborough and Brighton Municipalities. These schools are made up of a mix of public, catholic, private and independent run, with the heaviest distribution lying in the more densely populated West around the Hobart city core. The Department for Education, Children and Young People is responsible for government schools and Libraries Tasmania, which operates literacy services and libraries across the region, including the State Library of Tasmania where it is headquartered.

Hobart is home to the main campus of the University of Tasmania, a sandstone university located in Sandy Bay. On-site accommodation colleges include Christ College (founded in 1846, making it Australia's oldest tertiary institution), Jane Franklin Hall and St John Fisher College. UTAS also has many sites within the Hobart City Centre, where it hosts the Medical Science Precinct, the College of Arts, Law and Education's Hunter Street campus (which also has a TasTAFE training facility), and the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) nearby the CSIRO Marine Laboratories, as well as the Hytten Hall and Hobart Apartments accommodation[166] in Midtown. It also operates the Canopus Hill Observatory in Mount Rumney and the Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory in Cambridge.

TasTAFE operates a total of seven polytechnic campuses within the Greater Hobart area that provide vocational education and training.[167] These include the Campbell Street campus in the city, the Clarence campus in Warrane, and Drysdale (at Claremont College and on Collins Street).[168]

Health

[edit]
Hobart Private Hospital

The Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH) is the pre-eminent public hospital in Tasmania, located in central Hobart with 501 beds for emergency presentations and elective surgeries.[169] It also serves as the Hobart Clinical School teaching hospital for the University of Tasmania. There are also 9 ambulance stations in the Hobart region,[170] and the SES Southern Regional Headquarters is on Bathurst Street[171] (along with the Tasmania Fire Service Head Office on Melville/Argyle[172] and Tasmania Police Headquarters on Liverpool).

A private hospital, Hobart Private Hospital is located adjacent to the RHH and operated by Australian healthcare provider Healthscope. The company also owned another hospital in the city, the St Helen's Private Hospital,[173] which featured a mother-baby unit[174] but it was closed in 2023.[175] A new Tasman private hospital in New Town was proposed on a former WIN News site, but abandoned in 2023.[176]

The Calvary Hospital is operated by Little Company of Mary Health Care at its main campus the Calvary-St John's Private Hospital in Lenah Valley, and has an older location in South Hobart (the former Homoeopathic Hospital). It has a Private Rehabilitation Unit.[177]

The Hobart Clinic (formerly St Michael's Priory) is a not-for-profit operating a 27-bed psychiatric hospital in Rokeby and Mind Hub on Collins Street, with a focus on therapies.[178]

Utilities

[edit]

Drinking water and sewerage in the city is managed by TasWater, but many organisations and levels of government are involved at different stages. The first dams in Tasmania were built along the Hobart Rivulet and now there are many reservoirs in the region to safeguard the supply of water[179] (as while kunanyi / Mt Wellington receives high rainfall, the city itself is dry), such as the Waterworks reservoirs[180] via the Sandy Bay Rivulet, the Tolosa dam (disused in 2018)[181] and Lime Kiln Gully dam in Glenorchy, and the Flagstaff Gully dam and Risdon Brook dam (which stores treated water from the New Norfolk Bryn Estyn plant)[182] in Clarence.

TasNetworks is responsible for electricity and telecommunications provision.

Notable people

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]
Japanese Garden at Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens

See also

[edit]

Explanatory notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Excluding Bruny Island
  2. ^ Only including New Norfolk
  3. ^ In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, Scotland, Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately.
  4. ^ Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
  5. ^ The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the Anglo-Celtic group.[125]
  6. ^ Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.

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Further reading

[edit]
  • Bolt, Frank (2004). The Founding of Hobart 1803–1804. Kettering, Tasmania: Peregrine Pty Ltd. ISBN 0-9757166-0-3.
  • Timms, Peter (2009). In Search of Hobart. Sydney, NSW: University of New South Wales Press. ISBN 978-1-921410-54-3.
[edit]