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Coordinates: 52°3′34″N 1°9′20″E / 52.05944°N 1.15556°E / 52.05944; 1.15556
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{{About|the town in Suffolk, England}}
{{otheruses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{| class="bordered infobox" style="width:22em"
{{Use British English|date=December 2013}}
|-
{{Infobox settlement
!colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="#ff9999"|Borough of Ipswich
| name = Ipswich
|-
| other_name = Borough of Ipswich
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Image:SuffolkIpswich.png|150px|Ipswich]]<br>''Shown within [[Suffolk]]''
| settlement_type = [[Town]] and [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|borough]]
|-
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"|Geography
| border = infobox
|-
| total_width = 300
|width="45%"|Status:||Borough
| image_style = border:1;
|-
| perrow = 1/2/2
|[[Regions of England|Region]]:||[[East of England]]
| caption_align = center
|-
| image1 = Ipswich Christchurch Mansion Cropped.jpg
|Admin. County:||[[Suffolk]]
| alt1 = Christchurch Mansion
|-
| caption1 = [[Christchurch Mansion]]
|[[Surface area|Area]]:<br>- Total||[[List of English districts by area|Ranked 320th]]<br>[[1 E7 m²|39.42]] [[square kilometre|km²]]
| image2 = St_Mary_Le_Tower,_Ipswich_01.JPG
|-
| alt2 = St Mary-le-Tower
|Admin. HQ:||Ipswich
| caption2 = [[St Mary-le-Tower]]
|-
| image3 = Clear_sky_afternoon_on_the_Ipswich_Waterfront.jpg
|[[ONS coding system|ONS code]]:||42UD
| alt3 = The Ipswich Waterfront
|-
| caption3 = [[Ipswich Waterfront]]
!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"|Demographics
| image4 = Orwell-Bridge.jpg
|-
| alt4 = The Orwell Bridge
|[[Population]]:<br>- Total ({{EnglishStatisticsYear}})<br>- [[Density]]||[[List of English districts by population|Ranked {{EnglishDistrictRank|ONS=42UD}}]]<br>{{EnglishDistrictPopulation|ONS=42UD}}<br>{{EnglishDistrictDensity|ONS=42UD}} / km²
| caption4 = [[Orwell Bridge]]
|-
| image5 = Ipswich-Buttermarket-Cropped-Editedjpg.jpg
|Ethnicity:||93.4% White<br>3.6% Afro-Carib<br>1.8% S.Asian<br>1.2% Other
| alt5 = The Ipswich High Street
|-
| caption5 = Ipswich Town Centre
!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"|Politics
}}
|-
| image_shield = File:Coat of Arms of Ipswich Borough Council.svg
|colspan=2 align=center|
| shield_size = 100px
|-
| motto = ''Munia civitatis decus civium''<br />(The functions of citizenship are the glory of the citizens)
|[[Local government in England#Councils and councillors|Leadership]]:||Leader & Cabinet
| image_map = Ipswich UK locator map.svg
|-
| map_caption = Location within [[Suffolk]]
|Executive:||{{EnglishDistrictControl|ONS=42UD}}
| pushpin_map = England#UK
|-
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within England##Location within the United Kingdom
|[[MPs elected in the UK general election, 2005|MPs]]:||[[Michael Lord]], [[Chris Mole]]
| pushpin_relief = 1
|}
| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Country#United Kingdom|Country]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[England]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[East of England]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Ceremonial County|County]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Suffolk]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Districts of England|District]]
| subdivision_name4 = Ipswich
| parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
| parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Local government in England#Councillors and mayors|Leader and Cabinet]]
| governing_body = [[Ipswich Borough Council]]
| leader_title = [[List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| leader_name = [[Jack Abbott (politician)|Jack Abbott]]<br />[[Patrick Spencer]]
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = – [[List of English districts by area|District ranked {{English district area rank|GSS=E07000202}}]]
| area_total_km2 = 39.42
| population_total = [[List of English districts by population|District ranked {{English district rank|GSS=E07000202}}]]<br />133,384
| population_blank1_title = [[list of towns in England|The town]], 2011 census
| population_blank1 = 144,957<ref name="BUASD Pop">{{NOMIS2011|id=E35001385|title=Ipswich Built-up Area sub division|access-date =11 February 2023}}</ref>
| population_blank2_title = [[Ipswich built-up area|Built up area]], 2011 census
| population_blank2 = 178,835<ref name="BUA Pop">{{NOMIS2011|id=E34004730|title=Ipswich Built-up Area|access-date =11 February 2023}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = {{English district density|GSS=E07000202}}
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span>
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis">{{NOMIS2021|id=E07000202|title=Ipswich Local Authority|access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|Ethnic groups]]
| demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible list
| 84.3% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]
| 5.5% [[British Asians|Asian]]
| 4.6% [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed]]
| 3.5% [[Black British people|Black]]
| 2.1% [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|other]]
}}
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->| demographics_type2 = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis"/>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Religion in England|Religion]]
| demographics2_info1 = {{Collapsible list
| 45.3% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|no religion]]
| 42.2% [[Religion in England#Christianity|Christianity]]
| 8.6% [[Religion in England|other]]
| 3.9% [[Islam in England|Islam]]
}}
| coordinates = {{coord|52|3|34|N|1|9|20|E|region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = Postcode
| postal_code = [[IP postcode area|IP]]
| area_code = 01473
| blank_info = AV, AW, AX, AY
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom|Vehicle registration area code]]
| blank1_name = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
| blank1_info = 42UD
| website = {{URL|https://ipswich.gov.uk}}
| footnotes =
| parts_type = Areas of the town
| p1 = [[California, Ipswich|California]]
| p2 = [[Castle Hill, Ipswich, Suffolk|Castle Hill]]
| p3 = [[Chantry, Suffolk|Chantry]]
| p4 = [[Gainsborough, Ipswich|Gainsborough]]
| p5 = [[Greenwich, Ipswich|Greenwich]]
| p6 = [[Ipswich Village Development|Ipswich Village]]
| p7 = [[Ipswich Waterfront]]
| p8 = [[Kesgrave]] (Part)
| p9 = [[Maidenhall Estate]]
| p10 = [[Pinewood, Suffolk|Pinewood]] (Part)
| p11 = [[Purdis Farm]] (Part)
| p12 = [[Ravenswood, Ipswich|Ravenswood]]
| p13 = [[Rushmere, Ipswich|Rushmere]]
| p14 = [[Stoke, Suffolk|Stoke]]
| p15 = [[Stoke Park, Suffolk|Stoke Park]]
| p16 = [[Westbourne, Suffolk|Westbourne]]
| p17 = [[Whitehouse, Ipswich|Whitehouse]]
| p18 = [[Whitton, Ipswich|Whitton]]
}}

'''Ipswich''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-uk-Ipswich.ogg|ˈ|ɪ|p|s|w|ɪ|tʃ}}) is a port town and [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|borough]] in [[Suffolk]], England. It is the [[county town]], and largest in Suffolk, followed by [[Lowestoft]] and [[Bury St Edmunds]], and the third-largest population centre in [[East Anglia]], after [[Peterborough]] and [[Norwich]]. It is {{convert|50|mi}} northeast of [[London]] and in 2011 had a population of 144,957. The [[Ipswich built-up area]] is the fourth-largest in the [[East of England]] and the 42nd-largest in England and Wales. It includes the towns and villages of [[Kesgrave]], [[Woodbridge, Suffolk|Woodbridge]], [[Bramford]] and [[Martlesham Heath]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/adhocs/13053midyearpopulationestimatesbybuiltupareasincludingsubdivisionsbyagegroups2001to2019|title = Mid-year population estimates by built-up areas (Including subdivisions) by age groups, 2001 to 2019 - Office for National Statistics}}</ref>

Ipswich was first recorded during the medieval period as ''Gippeswic'', the town has also been recorded as ''Gyppewicus'' and ''Yppswyche''.<ref name="gazetteer" /> It has been continuously inhabited since the [[Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain|Saxon]] period,<ref name="gazetteer">{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=John Marius |date=1870–1872 |title=Descriptive Gazetteer Entry for Ipswich |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/752200 |url-status=live |journal=Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821135237/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/752200 |archive-date=21 August 2016 |access-date=27 July 2016}}</ref> and is believed to be one of the [[Oldest town in Britain|oldest towns]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="town">Hills, Catherine. [https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/EnglandOldestTown.htm "England's Oldest Town"]. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</ref> The settlement was of great economic importance to the [[Kingdom of England]] throughout its history, particularly in trade,<ref name=":0" /> with the town's historical dock, [[Ipswich Waterfront]], known as the largest and most important dock in the Kingdom.<ref name=":0">K. Wade, 'Gipeswic - East Anglia's first economic capital, 600-1066', in N. Salmon and R. Malster (eds), ''Ipswich From The First To The Third Millennium'' (Ipswich, 2001), 1-6.</ref><ref>[http://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-port-is-a-success-story-but-we-must-protect-old-waterfront-too-1-4884424 "Ipswich Port is a success story but we must protect old waterfront too"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317103206/http://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-port-is-a-success-story-but-we-must-protect-old-waterfront-too-1-4884424 |date=17 March 2018 }}. ''Ipswich Star''</ref>


Ipswich is divided into various [[Quarter (urban subdivision)|quarters]], with the town centre and the waterfront drawing the most footfall. The town centre features the retail shopping district and the historic [[town square]], known as the [[The Cornhill, Ipswich|Cornhill]]. The waterfront, south of the town centre on a meander of the River Orwell, offers a picturesque setting with a [[marina]], luxury yachts, high-rise apartment buildings, and a variety of restaurants and cafes. The waterfront is also home to the [[University of Suffolk]] campus.
[[Image:Ipswich St Nicholas St.jpg|right||240px|thumb|Timber framed buildings in St Nicholas Street]]
[[Image:Ipswich Ancient House.jpg|right|240px|thumb|The ''[[Ancient House]]'' is decorated with a particularly fine example of [[pargeting]]]]


Ipswich is surrounded by two [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty|Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB)]]: the [[Suffolk Coast and Heaths]] and [[Dedham Vale National Landscape|Dedham Vale]]. The town has a tourist sector, with 3.5 million people reported to have visited the town in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howlett |first=Adam |title=Ipswich sees boom in tourism - with visitor numbers up 2.5% |url=https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-sees-boom-in-tourism-with-visitor-numbers-up-2-5-1-5174936 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428135335/https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-sees-boom-in-tourism-with-visitor-numbers-up-2-5-1-5174936 |archive-date=28 April 2019 |access-date=28 April 2019 |website=Ipswich Star |date=30 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, Ipswich was ranked as an emerging global tourist destination by [[TripAdvisor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2020 |title=The top 25 emerging travel destinations |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/top-tripadvisor-travel-destinations-travellers-choice-2020-ipswich-kaliningrad-a9354951.html |access-date=25 February 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>
'''Ipswich''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|pronounced]] {{IPA|/ˈɪpswɪtʃ/}}) is the county town of [[Suffolk]] and a [[non-metropolitan district]] in [[East Anglia]], [[England]] on the [[estuary]] of the [[River Orwell]]. The town overspills the borough boundaries significantly, with only 85% of Ipswich's population living within the borough at the time of the [[2001 Census]] when it was the third-largest settlement in the [[United Kingdom]]'s [[East of England]] region, and the 38th largest urban area in [[England]].<ref>[[List of English cities by population]] from Census 2001 figures</ref>; [[As of 2006]], the town is estimated to have a population of approximately 140,000 inhabitants.


==History==
==History==
Ipswich is one of England's [[Oldest town in Britain|oldest towns]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Medieval Ipswich |url=http://www.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/ipswich1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613120046/http://www.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/ipswich1.html |archive-date=13 June 2007 |access-date=13 June 2007}}</ref><ref name = town/> and is claimed to be the oldest still continuing town to have been established and developed by the [[English people|English]],<ref name = town/> with continuous settlement since early [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] times.


===Roman settlement===
The town of Ipswich took shape in [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] times as the main centre between [[York]] and [[London]] for [[North Sea]] trade to [[Scandinavia]] and the [[Rhine]]. It served the [[Kingdom of East Anglia]], and began developing in the time of King [[Raedwald]], supreme ruler of the English (616-624). The famous ship-burial and treasure at [[Sutton Hoo]] nearby is probably his grave.
A large [[Roman fort]], part of the coastal defences of Britain, stood at [[Walton, Suffolk|Walton]] near [[Felixstowe]] ({{convert|13|mi|km}},<ref>Fairclough J. and Plunkett S. J. 'Drawings of Walton Castle and other Monuments in Walton and Felixstowe', ''Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History'' 39 Part 4, 419–459. See also Fairclough J. ''Boudica to Raedwald: East Anglia's Relations with Rome'' (Malthouse Press, Ipswich 2010), 174–77.</ref> and the largest [[Roman villa]] in Suffolk (possibly an administrative complex) stood at Castle Hill (north-west Ipswich).<ref>The so-called 'Whitton' villa, see Fairclough J. ''Boudica to Raedwald'' (cited above), 134–145.</ref>


===Middle Ages===
Before that, under the [[Roman empire]], the area was busy as the [[Orwell]] and [[River Gipping|Gipping]] formed an important route inland to rural towns and settlements. A large [[Roman fort]], part of the coast defences of Britain, stood at [[Felixstowe]], and the largest [[villa]] in Suffolk stood at Castle Hill (north-west Ipswich).
[[File:Ipswich Ancient House.jpg|thumb|[[Ancient House, Ipswich]] is decorated with a particularly fine example of [[pargeting]].]]


The modern town took shape in Anglo-Saxon times (7th–8th centuries) around the [[Port of Ipswich]]. As the coastal states of north-western Europe emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, essential [[North Sea]] trade and communication between eastern Britain and the continent (especially to [[Scandinavia]], and through the [[Rhine]]) passed through the former Roman ports of [[Lundenwic|London]] (serving the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Mercia|Mercia]], the [[Kingdom of Essex|East Saxons]], [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]]) and [[York]] (Eoforwic) (serving the [[Kingdom of Northumbria]]).
Occupation of the region around Ipswich and the rivers had been continuous since the [[Stone Age]], but the settlement at Ipswich itself belongs to the Roman period and after.


''Gipeswic'' (also in other spellings such as ''Gippeswich'')<ref>Bowen, Emanuel "An Accurate Map of the County of Suffolk Divided into its Hundreds c. 1760"</ref> arose as the equivalent to these, serving the [[Kingdom of East Anglia]],<ref name=":0" /><ref>Hodges, R. ''Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Town and Trade AD 600–1000'' (London 1982)</ref><ref>Plunkett S. ''Suffolk in Anglo-Saxon Times'' (Tempus, Stroud 2005), 76–78, 129–133, 148–52, 156–58, 200–202</ref><ref>Gardner, Rhodri "Ipswich, Cranfield's Mill", in "Archaeology in Suffolk 2005", ''Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History'' 41 Part 2, 2006, p.251</ref><ref>Verhulst A. E. ''The Rise of Cities in North-Western Europe'' (Cambridge University Press 1999), pp. 27–30</ref><ref>Malster R. ''A History of Ipswich'' (Phillimore, Chichester 2000), pp. 5–13.</ref> its early imported wares dating to the time of [[Rædwald of East Anglia|King Rædwald]], ruler of the East Angles (616–624). The famous ship-burial and treasure at [[Sutton Hoo]] nearby ({{convert|9|mi|km|disp=semicolon}}) is probably his grave. The [[Ipswich Museum]] houses [[replica]]s of the Roman [[Mildenhall Treasure|Mildenhall]] and [[Sutton Hoo treasure]]s. A gallery devoted to the town's origins includes [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] [[weapon]]s, [[jewellery]] and other artefacts.
The seventh-century town, called 'Gippeswick', was centred near the quay. Towards 700 AD, Frisian potters from the [[Netherlands]] area settled in Ipswich and set up the first large-scale potteries in England since Roman times. Their wares were traded far across England, and the industry was unique to Ipswich for 200 years.


<div style="float:left; clear:left; margin-right:1em;"></div>
With growing prosperity, in about the 720s a large new part of the town was laid out in the Buttermarket area. It was becoming a place of national and international importance. Parts of the ancient road plan still survive in its modern streets.


The seventh-century town was centred near the quay. Around 700 AD, Frisian potters from the [[Netherlands]] area settled in Ipswich and set up the first large-scale potteries in England since Roman times. Their wares were traded far across England, and the industry was unique to Ipswich for 200 years.<ref>K. Wade, "Gipeswic – East Anglia's First Economic Capital 600–1066", in Salmon N. P. and Malster R. (Eds), ''Ipswich From the First to the Third Millennium'' (Papers from an Ipswich Society Symposium), (Ipswich Society, Ipswich 2001), 1–6, at pp. 3–4.</ref><ref>Plunkett S. J. ''Suffolk in Anglo-Saxon Times'' (Tempus, Stroud 2005), 130–133, 201.</ref> With growing prosperity, in about 720 AD a large new part of the town was laid out in the Buttermarket area. Ipswich was becoming a place of national and international importance.<ref>Wade 2001.</ref> Parts of the ancient road plan still survive in its modern streets.
After the invasion of 869 Ipswich fell under [[Viking]] rule. The earth ramparts circling the town centre were probably raised by Vikings in Ipswich around 900 to prevent its recapture by the English. They were unsuccessful.


The town operated a [[Mint]] under royal licence from [[King Edgar]] of England in the 970s, which continued right through the [[Norman Conquest]] until the time of [[King John]], c1215, under each successive ruler. The name 'Gipeswic' appears on the coins.
After the invasion of 869, Ipswich fell under [[Viking]] rule. The earth ramparts circling the town centre were probably raised by Vikings in Ipswich around 900 to prevent its recapture by the English.<ref>Wade 2001, 5.</ref><ref>Malster R. ''A History of Ipswich'' (Phillimore, Chichester 2000), 13.</ref> They were unsuccessful. The town operated a [[Mint (coin)|mint]] under royal licence from King [[Edgar I of England|Edgar]] in the 970s, which continued through the [[Norman Conquest]] until the time of [[John of England|King John]], in about 1215.<ref>North J. J. ''English Hammered Coinage'' (Spink and Son, London 1980), ''Volume I: Early Anglo-Saxon to Henry III'', "Mint Towns" (p 194), Ipswich, Suffolk: Edgar to John. Example figure:[[Aethelred II]] first hand type, Plate X no. 23, Cat. 766 & p. 120.</ref> The abbreviation ''Gipes'' appears on the coins.


King John granted the town its first [[Municipal charter|charter]] in 1200, laying the medieval foundations of its modern civil government.<ref>Martin, Geoffrey "The Medieval and Early Modern Borough" in Salmon N. P. and Malster R. (eds), ''Ipswich From the First to the Third Millennium'' (Papers from an Ipswich Society Symposium), (Ipswich Society, Ipswich 2001), 7–17.</ref><ref>Text of charter (translated into English) and image of 1200 Town Seal, see [[John Wodderspoon|Wodderspoon, J.]], ''Memorials of the Ancient Town of Ipswich'' (Pawsey (Ipswich): Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans (London) 1850), 'Ancient Incorporation of the Town', pp 75–130, at pp 75–85.</ref> Thenceforth Ipswich strongly maintained its jurisdiction over the Liberty of Ipswich, an administrative area extending over about 35 square kilometres centred on the town.<ref>Briggs, Keith "The bounds of the Liberty of Ipswich", ''Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History'' 44, 19-38 (2017)</ref>
The [[Ipswich Museum]] houses [[replica]]s of the Roman [[Mildenhall Treasure]] and the [[Sutton Hoo treasure]], and a gallery devoted to the town's origins includes [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] [[weapon]]s, [[jewellery]] and other artefacts.


In the next four centuries it made the most of its wealth. Five large religious houses, including two [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] Priories (St Peter and St Paul, and Holy Trinity, both mid-12th century<ref>Malster 2000, 41–45.</ref><ref>Briggs, Keith "The rentals of Holy Trinity Priory in Ipswich", ''Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History'' 44, 456-461 (2019)</ref>), and those of the [[Ipswich Greyfriars]] ([[Franciscans]], before 1298), [[Ipswich Whitefriars]] ([[Carmelites]] founded 1278–79) and [[Ipswich Blackfriars]] ([[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], before 1263), stood in medieval Ipswich. The last Carmelite Prior of Ipswich was the celebrated [[John Bale]], author of the oldest English historical verse-drama (''Kynge Johan'', {{circa|1538}}).<ref>B. Zimmerman, 1899, 'The White Friars at Ipswich', ''Proc. Suffolk Institute of Archaeology'' 10 Part 2, 196–204, at p. 199.</ref> There were also several hospitals, including the leper hospital of St Mary Magdalene, founded before 1199.
[[John I of England|King John]] granted the town its first [[charter]] in [[1200]], and in the next four centuries it made most of its wealth trading Suffolk [[cloth]] with [[Europe|the Continent]]. Five large religious houses, including two Augustinian Priories, and the Greyfriars, Whitefriars and Blackfriars, stood in mediaeval Ipswich.


During the Middle Ages the [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Marian]] Shrine of [[Our Lady of Ipswich|Our Lady of Grace]] was a famous [[pilgrimage]] destination, and attracted a number of royal pilgrims. At the Reformation the statue was taken away to be burned, although it is now believed to have survived and still to exist in [[Nettuno]], Italy.
During the Middle Ages the [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Marian]] Shrine of [[Our Lady of Ipswich|Our Lady of Grace]] was a famous [[pilgrimage]] destination, and attracted many pilgrims including [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] and [[Katherine of Aragon]].<ref>Wodderspoon 1850, 331–332.</ref><ref>Malster 2000, 43–47, 63–67.</ref> At the Reformation the statue was taken away to London to be burned, though some claim that it survived and is preserved at [[Nettuno]], Italy.<ref>Malster 2000, 67.</ref>


Around 1380, [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] satirised the merchants of Ipswich in ''[[The Canterbury Tales]]''. [[Thomas Wolsey]], the future [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]], was born in Ipswich in 1473 as the son of a wealthy landowner. One of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]'s closest political allies, he founded a [[college]] in the town in 1528, which was for its brief duration one of the homes of the [[Ipswich School]].<ref>Blatchly J. M. ''A Famous Antient Seed-Plot of Learning'' (Ipswich School 2003), 27–41.</ref> He remains one of the town's most famed figures.
Around [[1380]], [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] satirised the merchants of Ipswich in the [[Canterbury Tales]].


===Early-modern era===
[[Thomas Cardinal Wolsey]], the son of a wealthy landowner, was born in Ipswich about [[1475]]. One of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]'s closest political allies, he founded a [[college]] in the town in [[1528]], which is now known as [[Ipswich School]]. He remains one of the town's most famed figures.
[[File:Early map of Ipswich published in 1780.jpg|thumb|Early map of Ipswich from Hodskinson's 1783 Map of Suffolk|alt=|left]]


During the 14th to 17th centuries Ipswich was a [[kontor]] for the [[Hanseatic League]], the port being used for imports and exports to the [[Baltic region|Baltic]].
In the time of Queen Mary the [[Ipswich Martyrs]] were burnt at the stake on the Cornhill for their [[Protestant]] beliefs. A monument commemorating this event now stands in [[Christchurch Park]].


In the time of [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary]] the [[Ipswich Martyrs]] were burnt at the stake on the Cornhill for their [[Protestant]] beliefs. A monument commemorating this event now stands in [[Christchurch Park]]. Ipswich was a printing, [[Bookselling|bookseller]] centre, and an entrepôt for continental books in the 16th century.<ref>King, John N. (1982) ''The English Reformation Literature: the Tudor Origins of the Protestant Tradition'' Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 100f. {{ISBN|9780691065021}}.</ref> From 1611 to 1634 Ipswich was a major centre for emigration to [[New England]]. This was encouraged by the Town Lecturer, [[Samuel Ward (minister)|Samuel Ward]]. His brother [[Nathaniel Ward]] was first minister of [[Ipswich, Massachusetts|Ipswich]], Massachusetts, where a promontory was named 'Castle Hill' after the place of that name in north-west Ipswich, UK. Ipswich was also one of the main ports of embarkation for puritans leaving other [[East Anglia]]n towns and villages for the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] during the 1630s and what has become known as the [[Great Migration (Puritan)|Great Migration]].<ref>Thompson, Roger, Mobility & Migration, East Anglian Founders of New England, 1629–1640, Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press, 1994</ref>
From [[1611]] to [[1634]] Ipswich was a major centre for emigration to [[New England]]. This was encouraged by the Town Lecturer, [[Samuel Ward]]. His brother [[Nathaniel Ward]] was first minister of [[Ipswich, Massachusetts]].


[[File:View of Ipswich from Christchurch Park c.1746-9.jpg|thumb|''View of Ipswich from [[Christchurch Park]]'' by [[Thomas Gainsborough]] {{circa|1746}}-49]]
Ipswich had a [[Ipswich Racecourse|racecourse]] which ran a mix of flat and National Hunt races from [[1710]] to [[1911]].


The painters [[John Constable]] and [[Thomas Gainsborough]] lived and worked in Ipswich. In [[1835]], [[Charles Dickens]] stayed in Ipswich and used it as a setting for scenes in his novel ''[[The Pickwick Papers]]''. The hotel where he resided first opened in 1518; it was then known as The Tavern and is now known as the Great White Horse Hotel. Dickens made the hotel famous in chapter XXI of ''The Pickwick Papers'', vividly describing the hotel's meandering corridors and stairs.
The painter [[Thomas Gainsborough]] lived and worked in Ipswich. In 1835, [[Charles Dickens]] stayed in Ipswich and used it as a setting for scenes in his novel ''[[The Pickwick Papers]]''. The hotel where he resided first opened in 1518; it was then known as The Tavern and later became known as the [[Great White Horse Hotel]]. Dickens made the hotel famous in chapter XXII of ''The Pickwick Papers'', vividly describing the hotel's meandering corridors and stairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dickens-online.info/the-pickwick-papers-page196.html |title=The Pickwick Papers|first=Charles|last=Dickens|publisher=Charles Dickens online|page=196}}</ref>


===19th and 20th centuries===
In 1797 Lord and Lady Nelson moved to Ipswich, and in 1800 [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Lord Nelson]] was appointed High Steward of Ipswich.
[[File:1810 Ransome & Son - painting - outdoor ten pin bowling.jpg|thumb|A ''circa'' 1810 painting of outdoor bowling near Ransome & Son Foundry, an early embodiment of Ipswich's longtime agricultural equipment maker [[Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies]]]]


In 1824 Dr [[George Birkbeck]], with support from several local businessmen, founded one of the first [[Mechanics' Institutes]], which survives to this day as the independent Ipswich Institute reading room and library.<ref>[http://ipswichinstitute.org.uk/ Ipswich Institute reading room and library]</ref> The building is located at 15 Tavern Street.
===Modern Ipswich===
The former airport has been re-developed into the new residential district of [[Ravenswood, Ipswich|Ravenswood]]. However, the front of the control building was saved. It was designed by Heining and Chitty in 1938 and [[Listed building|Grade 2 listed]]. The rest of the building was taken down after it was deemed unsafe to reuse.


In the mid-19th century [[coprolite]] (fossilised animal dung) was discovered; the material was mined and then dissolved in [[acid]], the resulting mixture forming the basis of [[Fisons]] fertiliser business.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fisons at the root of modern agriculture |url=http://www.yara.com/en/about/history/stories/fisons_inter.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060520151251/http://www.yara.com/en/about/history/stories/fisons_inter.html |archive-date=20 May 2006 |access-date=17 June 2007}}</ref>
Modern figures with Ipswich connections include the musician [[Nik Kershaw]], the children's TV presenter [[Brian Cant]], the [[punk rock]] band [[The Adicts]], [[heavy metal]] band [[Cradle of Filth]], [[cartoonist]] [[Carl Giles]], musician [[Charlie Simpson]] from [[Busted]] and [[Formula One]] owner [[Bernie Ecclestone]].


The [[Tolly Cobbold]] brewery, built in the 19th century and rebuilt 1894&ndash;1896, is one of the finest [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[brewery|breweries]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. There was a Cobbold brewery in the town from [[1746]] until [[2002]] when [[T.D. Ridley and Sons|Ridley's Breweries]] took Tolly Cobbold over.<ref>{{cite web | title=Tolly Cobbold Heritage | url=http://www.harwich.net/tolly/ | accessdate=June 18 | accessyear=2006}}</ref> [[Felix Thornley Cobbold]] presented [[Christchurch Mansion]] to the town in [[1896]].
The [[Tolly Cobbold]] brewery, built in the 18th century and rebuilt in 1894–96, is one of the finest [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[brewery|breweries]] in the UK. There was a Cobbold brewery in the town from 1746 until 2002 when [[Ridley's Brewery|Ridley's Breweries]] took Tolly Cobbold over.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tolly Cobbold Heritage |url=http://www.harwich.net/tolly/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424044119/http://www.harwich.net/tolly/ |archive-date=24 April 2006 |access-date=18 June 2006}}</ref> [[Felix Thornley Cobbold]] presented [[Christchurch Mansion]] to the town in 1896. Smaller breweries include St Jude's Brewery, situated in an 18th-century [[coach-house]] near the town centre.


Ipswich was subject to bombing by German [[Zeppelin]]s during [[World War I]] but the greatest damage by far occurred during the German bombing raids of [[World War II]]. The area in and around the docks was especially devastated. Eighty civilians died by enemy action in the Ipswich county borough area during the latter war.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CWGC Cemetery Report, Ipswich County Borough civilian war dead |url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/4005036/IPSWICH,%20COUNTY%20BOROUGH |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416181508/http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/4005036/IPSWICH,%20COUNTY%20BOROUGH |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=16 April 2015}}</ref> The last bombs to fall on Ipswich landed on Seymour Road at 2{{nbsp}}a.m. on 2 March 1945, killing nine people and destroying six houses.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2016 |title=Ransomes & Rapier WW1 & WW2 Memorials, Bourne Park Ipswich |url=http://www.ipswichwarmemorial.co.uk/ransomes-bourne-park/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220182457/http://www.ipswichwarmemorial.co.uk/ransomes-bourne-park/ |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=12 December 2016 |website=Ipswich War Memorial}}</ref>
[[Image:Central livery and bait stables.jpg|thumb|240px|right| Former stables,<ref>http://www.geocities.com/ipswich_lettering/fredsmithandco.html</ref> reflected in the glass panels of the [[Willis Building (Ipswich)|Willis Building]]]]
The town centre contains the glass-clad building owned by [[Willis (Insurance)|Willis Limited]], properly called the [[Willis Building (Ipswich)|Willis Building]] but still often called the "Willis-Faber building" by locals, as the company Willis Corroon themselves used to be called Willis Faber. Designed by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]], the building dates from [[1974]]. It became the youngest Grade I [[listed building]] in Britain in [[1991]].


The [[Willis Building (Ipswich)|Willis Building]] is a glass-clad building owned by [[Willis Group Holdings|Willis]]. Designed by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]], the building dates from 1974, when it was known as the Willis Faber & Dumas building. It became the youngest grade I [[listed building]] in Britain in 1991, being at the time one of only two listed buildings to be less than thirty years old.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1995 |title=Pioneering Management Guidelines for Modern Listed Buildings |url=http://ihbc.org.uk/context_archive/47/williscarroon.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071104011711/http://ihbc.org.uk/context_archive/47/williscarroon.htm |archive-date=4 November 2007 |access-date=26 October 2007 |publisher=Context }}</ref>
Ipswich is the last place in the area to have an independent bus company which has the unusual practice of naming its buses.


In September 1993, Ipswich and [[Arras]], Nord Pas-de-Calais, France, became twin towns, and a square in the new Buttermarket development was named Arras Square to mark the relationship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ipswich – Arras |url=http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/Partnerships/Ipswich+-+Arras.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330213916/http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/Partnerships/Ipswich%2B-%2BArras.htm |archive-date=30 March 2008 |access-date=6 May 2008 |publisher=Ipswich Borough Council }}</ref>
Ipswich has undergone an extensive [[gentrification]] programme in recent years, principally centred around the waterfront. Though this has turned a derelict dock area into an emerging residential and commercial centre, it is being completed at the expense of much of the town's industrial and maritime heritage and in spite of efforts made by a local group, [http://www.ipswichsociety.org.uk/index.php The Ipswich Society]. Much of this development is residential and is marketed at high net-worth individuals in the [[DINKY (acronym)|DINKY]] demographic. As such, some have considered it incompatible with Ipswich's existing [[socio-economic]] mix. It could therefore be considered to be aimed at encouraging [[economic migration]] to the town, particularly as a commutable [[satellite town]] of [[London]], although this would be an extreme commute for motorists, with central London being a 258 km (160 mile) round trip.


Ipswich formerly had a [[Ipswich Airport|municipal airport]] to the south-east of the town, which was opened in 1929 by the [[Ipswich Corporation]]. The airport was controversially closed in 1996. The site was redeveloped for housing as the Ravenswood estate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ipswich Airport History |url=http://www.ipswichairport.info/history.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929021103/http://www.ipswichairport.info/history.html |archive-date=29 September 2011 |access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref>
[[Holywells Park, Ipswich|Holywells Park]] is a 67 acre (27&nbsp;ha) public park, situated near the docks, that was painted by [[Thomas Gainsborough]].


===21st century===
Ipswich is set to be the main hub for [[University Campus Suffolk]], which will give [[Suffolk]] its first [[university]], though it is is essentially a collaborative project between Suffolk College and two other regional universities. It is hoped that within a decade, a University of Suffolk in its own right will become established out of UCS.
[[File:RS1497 Waterfront location (32)-lpr.jpg|thumb|The [[Ipswich Waterfront]]]]


Ipswich has experienced a building boom in the early part of the 21st century. Construction has mainly concentrated around the [[Deindustrialization|former industrial]] dock which is now known as the [[Ipswich Waterfront]]. Regeneration to the area has made it a hub of culture in Ipswich, the area boasts fine dining restaurants, a boutique hotel, and the new regional university, the [[University of Suffolk]]. The new high rise buildings of the Regatta Quay development has topped the list of the [[List of tallest buildings and structures in Ipswich|tallest buildings in Ipswich]]. The mixed-use high rise building, [[The Mill (building)|The Mill]], is currently the tallest building in Suffolk.
'Chantry' is the name of a housing estate and park, located in Ipswich, in East Anglia within England. Its schools include Chantry High School and the Chantry Infant and Junior Schools which have merged, and been renamed 'The Oaks'.


Ipswich has made several unsuccessful bids for [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geater |first=Paul |title=Suffolk to start new bid to bring city status to county town of Ipswich |url=https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/suffolk-backs-ipswich-city-bid-1-5301212 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062411/https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/suffolk-backs-ipswich-city-bid-1-5301212 |archive-date=24 February 2019 |access-date=23 February 2019 |website=Ipswich Star |date=30 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The town does not have a cathedral, so the [[Bishop of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich]] is based at [[Bury St Edmunds]], the former [[county town]] of [[West Suffolk (county)|West Suffolk]].
On [[13 March]] [[2007]] Ipswich was awarded the cleanest town award.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.eveningstar.co.uk/content/eveningstar/news/story.aspx?brand=ESTOnline&category=News&tBrand=ESTOnline&tCategory=news&itemid=IPED13%20Mar%202007%2015%3A10%3A35%3A483|title=Ipswich wins Clean Britain Award 2007|publisher=Evening Star|date=[[2007-03-13]]}}</ref>

Ipswich is the largest town in Suffolk, followed by [[Lowestoft]] and [[Bury St Edmunds]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Ipswich Guide |url=https://www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk/suffolk-coast-towns-and-villages/ipswich |access-date=11 July 2021 |website=www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk|publisher=The Suffolk Coast }}</ref><ref name="allabout">{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Explore Ipswich |url=https://allaboutipswich.com/ |website=All About Ipswich |access-date=12 July 2021 |language=en |date=11 July 2021}}</ref> and the third-largest population centre in [[East Anglia]], after [[Peterborough]] and [[Norwich]]. It is {{convert|50|mi}} northeast of [[London]] and in 2011 had a population of 144,957. The [[Ipswich built-up area]] is the fourth-largest in the [[East of England]] and the 42nd-largest in England and Wales.<ref name="BUA">{{Cite web |title=2011 Census - Built-up areas |url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921045319/http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=7 August 2013 |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]}}</ref> It includes the towns and villages of [[Kesgrave]], [[Woodbridge, Suffolk|Woodbridge]], [[Bramford]] and [[Martlesham Heath]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/adhocs/13053midyearpopulationestimatesbybuiltupareasincludingsubdivisionsbyagegroups2001to2019|title = Mid-year population estimates by built-up areas (Including subdivisions) by age groups, 2001 to 2019 - Office for National Statistics}}</ref>

==Localities==
[[File:Christchurch Park Ipswich (13).jpg|thumb|[[Christchurch Park]] is a large 82-acre park in the centre of the town.|alt=]]

The waterfront is now devoted primarily to leisure use and includes extensive recent development of residential apartment blocks and a university campus. Businesses operated from the dock include luxury boats and a timber merchant. Other industries have been established to the south of the wet dock. The area was flooded in 2013 during a tidal surge. In February 2019 a [[Floodgate|flood gate]], which protects the "New Cut", was unveiled. The flood barrier, similar in design to the [[Thames Barrier]], cost £67m.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 February 2019 |title=Flood barrier 'will protect 1,600 homes' |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-47165575 |url-status=live |access-date=10 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210015144/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-47165575 |archive-date=10 February 2019}}</ref>
The [[Ipswich Village Development]], begun in 2002 around Russell Road, is home to [[Suffolk County Council]] and [[Ipswich Borough Council]].

[[File:21, 23 And 23A, Buttermarket - Ipswich.jpg|thumb|Shops along the Ipswich high street|left]]

[[Holywells Ward, Ipswich]] is the area around [[Holywells Park, Ipswich|Holywells Park]], a {{convert|67|acre|ha|abbr=off|adj=on}} public park situated near the docks, and the subject of a painting by [[Thomas Gainsborough]]. Alexandra Park is the nearest park to the waterfront's northern quay, and situated on Back Hamlet, adjacent to [[University of Suffolk]].

Localities outside the town centre include [[Bixley Farm]], [[Broke Hall]], [[California, Suffolk|California]], [[Castle Hill, Ipswich, Suffolk|Castle Hill]], [[Chantry, Suffolk|Chantry]], The Dales, [[Gainsborough, Suffolk|Gainsborough]], Greenwich, [[Maidenhall]], [[Pinewood, Suffolk|Pinewood]], [[Priory Heath]], [[Racecourse, Suffolk|Racecourse]], [[Ravenswood, Ipswich|Ravenswood]] (built on a former airfield), [[Rose Hill, Suffolk|Rose Hill]], [[Rushmere, Ipswich|Rushmere]], [[Springvale, Ipswich|Springvale]], [[St Margarets, Ipswich|St Margarets]], [[Stoke, Suffolk|Stoke]], [[Warren Heath]], [[Westbourne, Suffolk|Westbourne]], [[Whitehouse, Ipswich|Whitehouse]] and [[Whitton, Ipswich|Whitton]].

To the east of the town is [[Trinity Park, Suffolk|Trinity Park]] near [[Bucklesham]] the home of the annual [[Suffolk Show]], a typical [[County shows in United Kingdom|county show]]. The 'Trinity' is the name given to the three animals native to the county of Suffolk, namely [[Red Poll]] cattle, the powerful [[Suffolk Punch]] horse and the black-faced [[Suffolk (sheep)|Suffolk]] sheep.


==Culture==
==Culture==
[[File:Cmglee Ipswich Museum exterior.jpg|thumb|The [[Ipswich Museum]]]]
Like many other similar towns, Ipswich is home to many artists, with galleries at [[Christchurch Mansion]], the Town Hall, a gallery in the [[Ancient House]] and the [[Artists Gallery]] in Electric House being the more prominent. The visual arts are further supported with many sites of sculpture with easy accessibility. The Borough Council promotes creation of new public works of art and has been known to make this a condition of planning permission<ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.ipswich.gov.uk/ppc/getDoc.aspx?s_Type=dec&s_File=g%3a%5c1995%5cIP_95_00148_FUL.pdf|accessdate=2007-04-06|title=Grant of Planning Permission}}</ref>.


Ipswich is home to many artists and has a number of galleries, the most prominent of which are at [[Christchurch Mansion]], the Town Hall, [[Ancient House, Ipswich|Ancient House]] and the Artists' Gallery in Electric House. The visual arts are further supported with many sculptures at easily accessible sites. The Borough Council promotes the creation of new public works of art and has been known to make this a condition of planning permission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grant of Planning Permission |url=http://online.ipswich.gov.uk/ppc/getDoc.aspx?s_Type=dec&s_File=g%3a%5c1995%5cIP_95_00148_FUL.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927152434/http://online.ipswich.gov.uk/ppc/getDoc.aspx?s_Type=dec&s_File=g:%5c1995%5cIP_95_00148_FUL.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=6 April 2007}}</ref> The town has three museums: [[Ipswich Museum]], the [[Ipswich Transport Museum]] and Christchurch Mansion.
Performing arts are well represented with Ipswich being home to [[DanceEast]] which has the primary aim of advocating innovation and development of dance in the East of England<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.danceeast.co.uk/AboutDanceEast/about.html|title=About DanceEast|accessdate=2007-04-06}}</ref>. They are building new premises as part of the waterfront development, these will be the first custom built dance facilities in the East of England at a cost of around £8million.


The [[New Wolsey Theatre]] is a 400-seat theatre situated on Civic Drive. Although the Wolsey Theatre was built in 1979, The New Wolsey Company took on the management and running of the Wolsey Theatre in 2000, opening its first production in February 2001.
Since [[1991]], there has been an annual [[arts festival]] called ''Ip-Art'' which brings together many events across art disciplines and different venues, notably a free music day in [[Christchurch Park]], which in [[2006]] had over 50 different acts performing over 7 stages.


DanceEast, which has the primary aim of advocating innovation and development of dance in the East of England is now resident in their new premises as part of the waterfront development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DanceEast |url=http://www.danceeast.co.uk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227152634/http://www.danceeast.co.uk/AboutDanceEast/about.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=6 April 2007 }}</ref> They are building new premises as part of the waterfront development. These are the first custom built dance facilities in the east of England at a cost of around £8 million.
==Politics==
[[Image:Ipswich borough council offices.jpg|thumb|right|Ipswich Borough Council offices, on Russell Road]]
Ipswich is governed locally by a two-tier Council System. Ipswich Borough Council fulfils District Council functions such as refuse collection, housing and planning and Suffolk County Council provides services such as education and social services.


[[Spill Festival of Performance]] was launched in Ipswich in 2007 and alternates between London and Ipswich yearly. In 2018, [[Clarion Call]] is the signature installation in the Festival<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarion Call |url=https://spillfestival.com/show/clarion-call/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707201832/https://spillfestival.com/show/clarion-call/ |archive-date=7 July 2018}}</ref> Installed at the historic town centre and waterfront in Ipswich, [[Clarion Call]] is a sonic intervention calls out to the setting sun in daily incantations, its voices reflecting contemporary Britain while exploring the local history of the [[World War I]], using audio technology originally employed in war and emergencies, and the voices and songs of women and girls, to create a soundscape of immense scale.
Between 1979 and September 2004 Ipswich Borough Council was under Labour control but the town is now governed by a coalition of Conservative and Liberal Democrat Councillors with Labour in opposition.


[[File:12 - Ed Sheeran.jpg|thumb|[[Ed Sheeran]] playing at Ipswich Arts Festival 2010|left]]
The County Council was controlled by a Labour/Liberal Democrat administration between May 1993 and May 2005 but has since reverted to Conservative control. This is despite the fact that 10 out of the 13 County Councillors representing Ipswich are Labour and only 1 is a Conservative.


[[Eastern Angles Theatre Company]] is based at the Sir [[John Mills]] Theatre in Ipswich, named after the famous actor who lived in Felixstowe as a child. In 2012 it celebrated its 30th anniversary. The group engages in rural tours and seasonal performances.
In April 2006 the local [[Non-metropolitan district|borough]] council initiated public discussions about the idea of turning the borough into a [[Unitary authority#United Kingdom|unitary authority]].<ref>
[http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/53E3AEE4-359D-4226-8AAF-2E985FF49140/0/unitary.pdf Richard Atkins, David Ellesmere, Elizabeth Harsant. ''The case for a unitary Ipswich'', (Ipswich: Ipswich Borough Council, April 2006)]</ref> Ipswich had constituted a [[county borough]] from 1889 to 1974, independent of the administrative county of [[East Suffolk]], and this status was not restored by the [[Local Government Commission for England (1992)|Banham/Cooksey Commission]] in the 1990s. Ipswich, [[Norwich]], [[Exeter]] and [[Oxford]] have united to campaign for unitary authority status for the four towns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exeter.gov.uk/media/pdf/c/t/Published_ONEI_INLOGOV_Report_April_2006.pdf|title=an independent review
of the case for unitary status|author=Institute of Local Government Studies|accessdate=2007-04-06}}</ref> Ipswich hopes to use the window of opportunity presented by the October 2006 [[Local government in the United Kingdom#Future in England|Local Government White Paper]] to regain unitary status. In March 2007, it was announced that Ipswich was one of sixteen councils successful for its bid, although consultation needs to take place before a final decision can be made in July 2007<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/suffolk/6498791.stm|title=Town council unitary bid success|date=2007-03-27|accessdate=2007-06-04}}</ref>


The Ipswich [[Arts Festival]], known as 'Ip-art' has been the town's annual summer arts festival since 2003 and seen a developing and varied programme of events from visual arts, performing arts, literature, film and music, notably a free music day in [[Christchurch Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ipswich Entertains - Open Air Music, Film and Theatre! |url=http://www.ip-art.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831023852/http://www.ip-art.com/ |archive-date=31 August 2005 |access-date=1 October 2005 |website=Ipswich Entertains}}</ref> The [[Ultrazang]] monthly live music night began in 2009.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/suffolk/hi/people_and_places/music/newsid_8556000/8556319.stm Gunslinger are back in Ipswich at Ultrazang (BBC)]</ref>
The town is covered by two parliamentary constituencies – [[Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Ipswich]], which covers about 75% and is represented by Labour MP [[Chris Mole]], and [[Central Suffolk and North Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Central Suffolk & North Ipswich]], which covers the remaining 25% and is represented by Conservative MP [[Michael Lord]].

The [[Ipswich Jazz Festival]] is a jazz music and arts festival started in 2015 in partnership with the Ipswich Arts Festival and mixes established jazz talent, rising stars and regional players.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Publishing |first=JJ |title=Review: Ipswich Jazz Festival |url=http://www.jazzjournal.co.uk/jazz-latest-news/923/review-ipswich-jazz-festival |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702134036/http://www.jazzjournal.co.uk/jazz-latest-news/923/review-ipswich-jazz-festival |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=29 June 2015 |website=www.jazzjournal.co.uk}}</ref>

Ipswich had a notable punk scene and influential grindcore band [[Extreme Noise Terror]], formed in the town in 1985.

It also features art and photography exhibitions, film screenings and workshops held in venues across the town.

==Media==
===Television===
Ipswich is covered by ''[[BBC Look East]]'' and ''[[ITV News Anglia]] '' both broadcast from [[Norwich]].
===Radio===
The town has five local radio stations, [[BBC Radio Suffolk]] which broadcast from its studios on St Matthews Street in the town, the commercial station [[Heart East]] which was founded in 1975 as Radio Orwell covering the A14 corridor in Suffolk, and [[Ipswich 102]] who took over the FM frequency in 2018, until 2020 when it rebranded as [[Greatest Hits Radio Ipswich & Suffolk]]. Then in September 2022, the station was rebranded again as [[Nation Radio Suffolk]] where it has one local show on weekday afternoons 1pm-4pm, hosted by Rob Chandler (who hosted the local afternoon show prior to the rebrand). The younger audience was catered for with Suffolk-based [[Kiss 105-108]], until September 2023 when its 106.4 frequency flipped over to carrying [[Greatest Hits Radio East|Greatest Hits Radio Ipswich & Suffolk]]. [[Ipswich Community Radio]] was launched in 2007.
===Newspapers===
The town's daily newspaper is the ''[[Ipswich Star]]'' a sister title to the county's daily newspaper the ''[[East Anglian Daily Times]]''.

==Buildings==
{{Main|:Category: Buildings and structures in Ipswich}}
{{Main|:List of tallest buildings and structures in Ipswich}}
[[File:Ipswich Cornhill 23-11-2020.png|thumb|[[Ipswich Town Hall]] on [[The Cornhill, Ipswich|The Cornhill]] town square]]
[[File:Endeavour House, home of Suffolk County Council - geograph.org.uk - 1305044.jpg|thumb|[[Endeavour House]], home of [[Suffolk County Council]]]]

In addition to the Christchurch Mansion and Ancient House, Ipswich in the 21st century has some important cultural buildings including the [[New Wolsey Theatre]] and the [[Regent Theatre, Ipswich|Regent Theatre]]—the largest theatre venue in East Anglia where, in 1964, [[the Beatles]] performed when it was still known as the Gaumont.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.beatlesbible.com/1964/10/31/live-gaumont-cinema-ipswich-2/|title=Live: Gaumont Cinema, Ipswich|date=31 October 1964|publisher=The Beatles Bible|access-date=4 June 2023}}</ref> There is also the [[Corn Exchange, Ipswich|Corn Exchange]] in King Street which was completed in 1882.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1374819|desc=Corn Exchange|access-date=4 June 2023}}</ref>

There are several medieval Ipswich churches but the grandest is [[St Mary-le-Tower|St. Mary-le-Tower]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The churches of Ipswich |url=http://www.suffolkchurches.co.uk/ipsintro.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616044000/http://www.suffolkchurches.co.uk/ipsintro.htm |archive-date=16 June 2007 |access-date=15 June 2007}}</ref> rebuilt by the Victorians. Holy Trinity Church by the waterfront is one of the few churches in the country which was built during the reign of William IV and whilst the outside looks plain, the interior is quite spectacular. The world's oldest circle of church bells is housed in [[St Lawrence Church, Ipswich|St Lawrence Church]], which is maintained by the [[Ipswich Historic Churches Trust]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Worthington |first=Mark |date=10 September 2009 |title=Oldest ring of bells played again |agency=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8247631.stm |access-date=10 September 2009}}</ref>

The [[Ancient House, Ipswich|Ancient House]] in the [[Buttermarket Centre, Ipswich|Buttermarket]] is an example of a merchant house which features tudor [[pargeting]] and the [[Ipswich window]].

The former [[East Suffolk County Hall]] is just east of the centre of Ipswich. It is listed as a building at risk by the [[Victorian Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ipswich's former County Hall |url=http://www.victoriansociety.org.uk/news/ipswichs-former-county-hall/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121182552/http://www.victoriansociety.org.uk/news/ipswichs-former-county-hall/ |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Victorian Society}}</ref> The Town Hall remains in use as an arts centre and events venue; it dates from 1866 (architects: Bellamy & Hardy of Lincoln). The 18th Century Grade II listed Old Post Office,<ref>Restoring Ipswich's Historic Old Post Office|url=https://rskgroup.com/project/restoring-ipswichs-historic-old-post-office/</ref> which was built in 1881, has been renovated and is now home to the Botanist bar.

Modern buildings include [[Endeavour House]] (headquarters of [[Suffolk County Council]] and formerly home of the [[TXU Corporation]]), [[Grafton House]] (home of [[Ipswich Borough Council]]) and [[Ipswich Crown Court]], all located on [[Russell Road (Ipswich)|Russell Road]] in the area known as the [[Ipswich Village Development]], which includes [[Portman Road]] stadium. The stadium has hosted England under-21, under-23, and international [[soccer]] matches, as well as [[rugby union]] and hockey matches.

In the waterfront area [[The Mill (Ipswich)|The Mill]] is the [[List of tallest buildings and structures in Ipswich|tallest building]] in [[East Anglia]], reaching 23 storeys.

On the north-west side of Ipswich lies [[Broomhill Pool, Ipswich|Broomhill Pool]], a Grade II listed Olympic-sized lido which opened in 1938 and closed in 2002, since which time a campaign to see it restored and re-opened has been run by the Broomhill Pool Trust. On the southern side of Ipswich is historic Belstead Lodge, now the [[Belstead Brook Hotel]].

==Governance==
{{Main|Ipswich Borough Council}}
The Municipal Borough of Ipswich was created in 1836<ref>{{cite web |title=Ipswich Boundaries |url=https://heritage.suffolk.gov.uk/ipswich-boundaries |website=heritage.suffolk.gov.uk |publisher=Suffolk County Council |access-date=1 August 2021 |language=en-gb}}</ref> by the [[Municipal Corporations Act 1835]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wodderspoon |first1=John |title=Memorials of the Ancient of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk |date=1850 |publisher=Longmans; and J. R. Smith |location=Ipswich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONVUAAAAcAAJ |language=en}}</ref> It was the form of [[local government]] for the [[ancient borough]] of Ipswich until the [[Local Government Act 1888]] replaced it with the County Borough of Ipswich in 1889. Both originated from the [[ancient borough]] of Ipswich. The local authority was [[Ipswich Corporation]]. Following the passage of the [[Reform Act 1832]], the government set up a [[Royal Commission]] in July 1833 to investigate how local councils worked.<ref name="RC on MCs">{{cite web |last1=Bloy |first1=Marjie |title=Royal Commission on Municipal Corporations (1835) |url=http://www.historyhome.co.uk/peel/politics/muncorp.htm |website=www.historyhome.co.uk |publisher=Marjie Bloy |access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref> In 1974 it was replaced by the non-metropolitan district of Ipswich and [[Ipswich Borough Council]] became the local authority, with county council duties fulfilled by [[Suffolk County Council]].

Following the [[Local Government Act 1888]], the county of [[Suffolk]] outside of Ipswich was split into [[East Suffolk (county)|East Suffolk]] and [[West Suffolk (county)|West Suffolk]] for administrative purposes and the term [[administrative county]] was introduced. There was a level of continuity as Ipswich was still run by the [[Ipswich Corporation]], independently from East Suffolk (which surrounded it), although the county council was based in Ipswich at [[East Suffolk County Hall]].

In 1974 following the [[Local Government Act 1972]] and Ipswich became a [[non-metropolitan district]] with [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|borough status]] in the administrative county of [[Suffolk]] with the same boundaries as the abolished county borough.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1972/2039/schedule/part/35/made|title=The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972|publisher=[[legislation.gov.uk]]|accessdate=19 July 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Ipswich borough council offices.jpg|thumb|Ipswich Borough Council offices at [[Grafton House]], on [[Russell Road (Ipswich)|Russell Road]]]]

Ipswich is governed locally by a two-tier council system. [[Ipswich Borough Council]] fulfils [[non-metropolitan district|district council]] functions such as refuse collection, housing and planning and [[Suffolk County Council]] provides the [[County Council|county council]] services such as transport, education and social services.

The town is covered by two parliamentary constituencies: [[Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Ipswich]], which is represented by Labour MP [[Jack Abbott (politician)|Jack Abbott]] and covers about 75% of the town, and [[Central Suffolk and North Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Central Suffolk & North Ipswich]], which covers the remaining 25% and is represented by Conservative MP [[Patrick Spencer]].

In April 2006 the [[Non-metropolitan district|borough]] council initiated public discussions about the idea of turning the borough into a [[Unitary authority#United Kingdom|unitary authority]];<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Richard Atkins |last2=David Ellesmere |last3=Elizabeth Harsant |date=1 April 2006 |title=The case for a unitary Ipswich |url=http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/53E3AEE4-359D-4226-8AAF-2E985FF49140/0/unitary.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031022547/http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/53E3AEE4-359D-4226-8AAF-2E985FF49140/0/unitary.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2008 |access-date=24 April 2013 |publisher=Ipswich Borough Council}}</ref> Ipswich had constituted a [[county borough]] from 1889 to 1974, independent of the administrative county of [[East Suffolk (county)|East Suffolk]], and this status was not restored by the [[Local Government Commission for England (1992)|Banham/Cooksey Commission]] in the 1990s. Ipswich, Norwich, [[Exeter]] and [[Oxford]] united to campaign for unitary authority status for the four towns, hoping to use the window of opportunity presented by the October 2006 [[Local government in the United Kingdom#Future in England|Local Government White Paper]]. In March 2007, it was announced that Ipswich was one of 16 shortlisted councils<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2007 |title=Town council unitary bid success |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/suffolk/6498791.stm |url-status=live |access-date=4 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825135348/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/suffolk/6498791.stm |archive-date=25 August 2007}}</ref> and on 25 July 2007, the secretary of state{{who|date=March 2024}} announced that she was minded to implement the unitary proposal for Ipswich, but that there were 'a number of risks relating to the financial case set out in the proposal',<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2007 |title=Decision letters for the unitary proposals |url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/localgovernment/pdf/decision-letter-ipswich |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070905172741/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/localgovernment/pdf/decision-letter-ipswich |archive-date=5 September 2007 |access-date=27 March 2008 |publisher=Department for Communities and Local Government}}</ref> on which she invited Ipswich to undertake further work before a final decision was taken.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 2007 |title=Borough is awarded unitary status |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/suffolk/6915736.stm |access-date=5 January 2010}}</ref> In December 2007 plans were put into doubt as the government announced that it had "delayed" the unitary bids for Ipswich and Exeter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 December 2007 |title=Unitary bid put on hold |url=http://www.eveningstar.co.uk/content/eveningstar/news/story.aspx?brand=ESTOnline&category=News&tBrand=ESTOnline&tCategory=News&itemid=IPED05%20Dec%202007%2012%3A25%3A01%3A000 |work= Evening Star 24 |access-date=29 December 2007}}</ref> In July 2008 the [[Boundary Committee for England|Boundary Committee]] announced its preferred option was for a unitary authority covering Ipswich and the south eastern corner of Suffolk, including Felixstowe.<ref>[http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/56659/Report-on-Norfolk-Suffolk-review-web.pdf Draft proposals for unitary local government in Norfolk and Suffolk] Boundary Committee {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202223946/http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/56659/Report-on-Norfolk-Suffolk-review-web.pdf |date=2 December 2008 }}</ref>


==Industry==
==Industry==
[[File:Fairline testing facility Ipswich and 4 Yachts.jpg|thumb|Four [[Fairline Yachts Ltd.|Fairline Yachts]] outside Fairline's Ipswich testing facility]]
Industry around Ipswich has had a strong agricultural bias with [[Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies|Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies Ltd]], one of the most famous agricultural manufacturers, located in the town. It is notable that the worlds first commercial [[lawnmower|motorised lawnmower]] was built by Ransomes in 1902. There was a [[sugar beet]] factory at Ipswich for many years; it was closed in 2001 as part of a rationalisation by [[British Sugar]].


Being the county town of agricultural Suffolk, industry around Ipswich has had a strong farming bias with [[Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies|Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies Ltd]], one of the most famous agricultural manufacturers, located in the town. The world's first commercial [[lawnmower|motorised lawnmower]] was built by Ransomes in 1902. [[Ransomes & Rapier]] was a major British manufacturer of railway equipment and later cranes, from 1869 to 1987. There was a [[sugar beet]] factory at Ipswich for many years; it was closed in 2001 as part of a rationalisation by [[British Sugar]]. This agricultural link is preserved in the [[Ipswich Town F.C.|local football club]]'s nickname "The Tractor Boys". Phillips & Piper Ltd on Old Foundry Road employed many women who sewed equestrian and hunt jackets for Harrods, Pytchley, and other labels for 130 years, finally closing down in June 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Days Gone By - Sew many wonderful memories of Phillips and Piper clothing works in Ipswich |url=https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/days-gone-by-sew-many-wonderful-memories-of-phillips-and-piper-clothing-works-in-ipswich-1-4613560 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084445/https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/days-gone-by-sew-many-wonderful-memories-of-phillips-and-piper-clothing-works-in-ipswich-1-4613560 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |access-date=26 December 2018 |website=Ipswich Star |date=13 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
The [[British Telecom|British Telecom Research Laboratories]] were located to the east of the town in 1975 at [[Martlesham Heath]]. They are now a [[science park]] called [[Adastral Park]].


[[File:Willis Building Ipswich.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|230x230px|The [[Willis Building (Ipswich)|Willis Building]] in Ipswich was one of [[Foster and Partners|Foster + Partners]] earliest commissions, built in 1975.]]
==Transport infrastructure==
[[Image:Spring road railway-bridge 24o06.JPG|right|240px|thumb|Railway viaduct over Spring Road, Ipswich]]
[[Ipswich railway station]] is located on the [[Great Eastern Main Line]] from [[London Liverpool Street]] to [[Norwich]]. It is also the junction of railway lines to [[Felixstowe]] and [[Lowestoft]]. The station is served by [['one']]. There is another railway station serving the Rose Hill area. It is called [[Ipswich Derby Road Railway Station]] and is on the line to Felixstowe.


The [[British Telecom|British Telecom Research Laboratories]] were located to the east of the town in 1975 at [[Martlesham Heath]]; it is now a [[science park]] called [[Adastral Park]]. The area was originally [[RAF Martlesham Heath]], a World War II airfield. Part of the old airfield is now the site of [[Suffolk Constabulary]]'s police headquarters.
The Ipswich [[trolleybus]] system opened on 2 September 1923 and closed on 23 August 1963.<ref>[http://www.semple.biz/glasgow/ipswich.shtml UK Trolleybus Systems - Ipswich]</ref>


A key employment sector is insurance, both wholesale and retail sectors. Some of the major players with a key presence in Ipswich include [[AXA|Axa]], [[Churchill Insurance|Churchill]], [[Legal & General]], [[Liverpool Victoria|LV]] and [[Willis Towers Watson]]. Access to a skilled and experienced workforce has also led to the establishment of ancillary businesses serving these companies, including call centres dealing with sales and claims.
Ipswich is still a flourishing port, handling several million tonnes of [[cargo]] each year.


Ipswich is one of the [[Haven ports]] and is still a working port, handling several million tonnes of [[cargo]] each year. Prior to decommissioning, [[HMS Grafton (F80)|HMS ''Grafton'']] was a regular visitor to the port and has special links with the town and the county of Suffolk. [[HMS Orwell|HMS ''Orwell'']], named after the river, is also closely linked with Ipswich.
The town used to feature a small grass-runway airport ([[ICAO]] code: EGSE). Officially opened on [[26 June]] 1930 by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. There were regular flights in the early days by [[Channel Airways]] to [[Jersey]] and later [[Suckling Airways]] to [[the Netherlands]]. On [[31 December]] [[1996]] [[Ipswich Airport]] was delicensed, and ceased to be registered by the [[Civil Aviation Authority]].<ref>[http://www.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk/hairport.htm Ipswich Airport], Ipswich Transport Museum</ref> The land is now used for the Ravenswood estate.


==Demography==
Ipswich is served by a mature road network. Key roads include the [[A12 road|A12]], [[A14 road|A14]], [[A1156 road|A1156]] and the [[A1214 road|A1214]].
===Ethnicity===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic group
! colspan="10" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2|last1= Equality|first1= Commission for Racial}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name=":4122">Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405213012/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm |date=5 April 2022 }} (Table 6)</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name=":362">{{Cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!114,118
!96.7%
!111,691
!95.5%
!109,381
!93.4%
!118,596
!88.9%
!117,757
!84.4%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|106,309
|90.8%
|110,624
|82.9%
|104,208
|74.6%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|706
|
|610
|0.5%
|587
|0.4%
|-
|White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|149
|
|356
|0.3%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|663
|0.5%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,366
|
|7,213
|5.4%
|11,943
|8.6%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total
!–
!–
!1,609
!1.4%
!2,562
!2.2%
!5,740
!4.3%
!7,611
!5.4%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|464
|
|839
|
|1,801
|
|2,366
|1.7%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|73
|
|158
|
|242
|
|376
|0.3%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|595
|
|913
|
|1,687
|
|2,015
|1.4%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|312
|
|449
|
|666
|
|749
|0.5%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: Other Asian
|–
|–
|165
|
|203
|
|1,344
|
|2,105
|1.5%
|-
![[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total
!–
!–
!2,991
!2.6%
!2,159
!1.8%
!3,096
!2.3%
!4,882
!3.5%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|–
|–
|90
|
|247
|
|1,554
|
|2,483
|1.8%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|1,725
|
|1,625
|
|1,025
|
|1,508
|1.1%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|–
|–
|1,176
|
|287
|
|517
|
|891
|0.6%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!2,658
!2.3%
!4,816
!3.6%
!6,409
!4.6%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,545
|
|2,579
|
|3,016
|2.2%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|234
|
|655
|
|1,151
|0.8%
|-
|Mixed: White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|333
|
|637
|
|820
|0.6%
|-
|Mixed: Other Mixed
|–
|–
|–
|–
|546
|
|945
|
|1,422
|1.0%
|-
!Other: Total
!–
!–
!675
!0.6%
!309
!0.3%
!1,136
!0.9%
!2,984
!2.2%
|-
|Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|151
|
|357
|0.3%
|-
|Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|675
|0.6%
|309
|0.3%
|985
|
|2,627
|1.9%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Non-White: Total
!3,897
!3.3%
!5,275
!4.5%
!7,688
!6.6%
!14,788
!11.1%
!21,886
!15.6%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!118,015
!100%
!116,966
!100%
!117,069
!100%
!133,384
!100%
!139,643
!100%
|}

===Religion===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="2" |Religion
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS007 - Religion - Nomis - 2001 |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/ks007 |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=KS209EW (Religion) - Nomis - 2011 |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks209ew |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1|title=Religion - Religion by local authorities, ONS}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Holds religious beliefs
!82,632
!70.5
!77,048
!57.8
!67,664
!48.5
|-
|[[File:Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg|26x26px]] [[Christians|Christian]]
| align="right" |79,719
| align="right" |68.1
| align="right" |70,797
| align="right" |53.1
| align="right" |58,898
| align="right" |42.2
|-
|[[File:Dharma_Wheel.svg|20x20px]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]]
| align="right" |216
| align="right" |0.2
| align="right" |495
| align="right" |0.4
| align="right" |596
| align="right" |0.4
|-
|[[File:Om.svg|21x21px]] [[Hinduism|Hindu]]
| align="right" |489
| align="right" |0.4
| align="right" |1,102
| align="right" |0.8
| align="right" |1,342
| align="right" |1.0
|-
|[[File:Star_of_David.svg|23x23px]] [[Jews|Jewish]]
| align="right" |106
| align="right" |0.1
| align="right" |83
| align="right" |0.1
| align="right" |101
| align="right" |0.1
|-
|[[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|20x20px]] [[Muslim]]
| align="right" |1,462
| align="right" |1.2
| align="right" |3,577
| align="right" |2.7
| align="right" |5,433
| align="right" |3.9
|-
|[[File:Khanda.svg|24x24px]] [[Sikhism|Sikh]]
| align="right" |246
| align="right" |0.2
| align="right" |343
| align="right" |0.3
| align="right" |456
| align="right" |0.3
|-
|Other religion
| align="right" |394
| align="right" |0.3
| align="right" |651
| align="right" |0.5
| align="right" |838
| align="right" |0.6
|-
!No religion
! align="right" |23,813
! align="right" |20.3
! align="right" |46,687
! align="right" |35.0
| align="right" |63,256
| align="right" |45.3
|-
!Religion not stated
! align="right" |10,624
! align="right" |9.1
! align="right" |9,649
! align="right" |7.2
! align="right" |8,722
! align="right" |6.2
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total population
! align="right" |117,069
! align="right" |100.0
! align="right" |133,384
! align="right" |100.0
! align="right" |139,642
! align="right" |100.0
|}

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Ipswich}}
{{unreferenced|section|date=April 2024}}
[[File:Class 745 Cerhenice.jpg|thumb|247x247px|[[Greater Anglia]] operates train services in the Ipswich area, including to [[Liverpool Street railway station|London Liverpool Street]].]]

[[Ipswich railway station]] is on the [[Great Eastern Main Line]] from [[Liverpool Street railway station|London]] to [[Norwich railway station|Norwich]], the [[East Suffolk Line]] to [[Lowestoft railway station|Lowestoft]] and the [[Felixstowe Branch Line]]. Trains are run by [[Greater Anglia]], which operates direct services to cities including London, [[Cambridge railway station|Cambridge]], [[Chelmsford railway station|Chelmsford]], [[Norwich railway station|Norwich]] and [[Peterborough railway station|Peterborough]]. [[Ipswich engine shed]] opened in 1846 and closed in 1968. Ipswich is still a signing-on point for locomotive crews and a [[Motive power depot#Stabling and fuelling points|stabling point]]. The town has a smaller suburban station at [[Derby Road railway station|Derby Road]] east of the town centre, on the Felixstowe branch line.

Ipswich is close to the [[A12 road (England)|A12]] and the [[A14 road (England)|A14]] roads. The [[Orwell Bridge]] which carries the A14 over the [[River Orwell]] connects it to the [[Port of Felixstowe]], a major container port {{convert|12|mi|0|abbr=out}} to the east.

Bus services in Ipswich are operated by [[Ipswich Buses]], [[First Eastern Counties]], [[Beestons]] and several smaller companies. Town services operate mainly from Tower Ramparts bus station and regional services from the Ipswich Old Cattle Market bus station. Ipswich Airport closed in 1996.

Ipswich is on [[Sustrans]]'s [[National Cycle Route 1]] and [[National Cycle Route 51]].


==Sport==
==Sport==
[[File:2002-07-16 Portman Road.jpg|290x290px|thumb|[[Portman Road]], home ground of [[Ipswich Town FC|Ipswich Town]]|alt=]]
Ipswich has its own [[football (soccer)|football]] team, [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town Football Club]], who were established in 1878 and play at the 30,000 capacity Portman Road Stadium. They have a strong rivalry with [[Norwich City F.C.]]. Ipswich Town was home to two successful England managers, Sir [[Alf Ramsey]] and Sir [[Bobby Robson]]. They won the League Championship in 1962 during Ramsey's reign and an [[FA Cup]] in 1978 and the [[UEFA Cup]] in 1981 under Robson. They currently play in English football's second-tier league, the Football Championship. The teams's Portman Road Stadium has a capacity of around 30,000.


Ipswich's sole professional [[association football]] club is [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]], which was established in 1878 and play at the 30,300-capacity [[Portman Road|Portman Road stadium]]. They will play in the [[Premier League]] from the 2024-25 season, having been promoted from [[EFL Championship]] as runners-up in the [[2023–24 EFL Championship|2023–24 season]]. Elected to the [[English Football League|Football League]] in 1938,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Club History |url=http://www.itfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0,,10272~342496,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227034454/http://www.itfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0%2C%2C10272~342496%2C00.html |archive-date=27 December 2005 |access-date=25 November 2008 |publisher=Ipswich Town F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Stadium |url=http://www.itfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0,,10272~347159,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050908085245/http://www.itfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0%2C%2C10272~347159%2C00.html |archive-date=8 September 2005 |access-date=16 March 2007 |publisher=Ipswich Town F.C.}}</ref> they have a strong [[East Anglian derby|rivalry]] with [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]], and were the previous club of the two most successful [[England national football team|England]] managers; [[Alf Ramsey]], who was buried in the Old Cemetery in the town on his death in 1999, and [[Bobby Robson]]. Ipswich won the First Division title in [[1961–62 Football League|1961–62]] in their first season as a top division club during Ramsey's reign, as well as the [[1977–78 FA Cup|1978 FA Cup]] and the [[1980–81 UEFA Cup|1981 UEFA Cup]] under Robson. The club are also undefeated at home in all European competitions, having won 25 and drawn six of 31 matches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Club honours |url=http://www.itfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0,,10272~347323,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213211801/http://www.itfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0%2C%2C10272~347323%2C00.html |archive-date=13 December 2005 |access-date=25 November 2008 |publisher=Ipswich Town F.C.}}</ref>
Ipswich also has a very successful [[Motorcycle speedway|Speedway]] team, the [[Ipswich Witches]], who have ridden at their [[Foxhall Stadium]] home, on the outskirts of Ipswich, for over 50 years. Despite being one of the most successful teams in British Speedway history, crowds have dwindled to around 1,500 people per race meeting.


Ipswich is also home to several [[non-League football]] clubs, including [[Ipswich Wanderers F.C.|Ipswich Wanderers]] and [[Whitton United F.C.|Whitton United]] in the [[Eastern Counties Football League|Eastern Counties League]], and [[Achilles F.C.|Achilles]], [[Crane Sports F.C.|Crane Sports]], and [[Ransomes Sports F.C.|Ransomes Sports]] among others in the [[Suffolk and Ipswich Football League|Suffolk & Ipswich League]]. The town has representation in both codes of [[Rugby football|rugby]]. There are two [[rugby union]] teams – Ipswich RFC, who play in London 2 North East League, and Ipswich YM RUFC – and one [[rugby league]] side – [[Ipswich Rhinos]], who play in the [[Rugby League Conference]]. [[Ipswich Cardinals]] are an [[American football]] team, playing in the South-East Conference of BAFACL 1; the second tier of the [[BAFA Community Leagues]].
Ipswich is also home to football minor-lower league, [[Ipswich Wanderers]].


The [[Motorcycle speedway|speedway]] team, the [[Ipswich Witches]], have ridden at [[Foxhall Stadium]] on the outskirts of Ipswich since 1951<ref>{{Cite web |title=Club Info |url=http://www.ipswichspeedway.com/club-info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322213403/http://www.ipswichspeedway.com/club-info |archive-date=22 March 2010 |access-date=21 August 2010 |publisher=Ipswich Speedway}}</ref> and have won the top-tier league title four times, the knock-out cup five times and the second-tier knock-out cup twice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Club Honours |url=http://www.ipswichspeedway.com/club-info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322213403/http://www.ipswichspeedway.com/club-info |archive-date=22 March 2010 |access-date=21 August 2010 |publisher=Ipswich Speedway}}</ref> The stadium is also used regularly for [[Hot Rods (oval racing)|Hot Rod]], [[Stock car racing in the United Kingdom|Stock Car]] and [[Banger racing]] events, hosting major events throughout the year on the stadium's outer tarmac oval.
The town also has an amateur [[rugby league]] side, [[Ipswich Rhinos]], who play in the [[Rugby League Conference]].


[[Ipswich Gymnastics Centre]] is one of only three fully [[London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games|Olympic]] accredited [[gymnastics]] facilities in the [[United Kingdom|UK.]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 November 2006 |title=Ipswich bids for Olympic glory |publisher=Ipswich Star |url=https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/ipswich-bids-for-olympic-glory-1-111158}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games |author-link=London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games |date=3 March 2008 |title=East – Pre-games Training Camp Guide |url=http://www.london2012.com/documents/training-camps/east-of-england-selected-facilities.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122001858/http://www.london2012.com/documents/training-camps/east-of-england-selected-facilities.pdf |archive-date=22 November 2008 }}</ref>
==Famous residents==
*English punk rockers [[The Adicts]]
* English [[Crust]] [[Deathgrind]] band [[Extreme Noise Terror]]
*[[Brian Cant]] - Children's TV Presenter (Notably ''[[Play School]]'', ''[[Camberwick Green]]'' and ''[[Trumpton]]'')
*[[Keith Deller]] - Darts player - 1983 BDO world champion.
*[[Kieron Dyer]] - Midfielder for [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] (1999-Present) and ex-[[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]] player (1996-1999)
*[[Bernie Ecclestone]] - Formula 1 CEO
*[[Carl Giles]] - Cartoonist
*[[Ian Hendry]] - actor (Notably, ''[[The Hill (film)|The Hill]]'', ''[[Get Carter]]'' and ''[[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]]'')
*[[Sir Trevor Nunn]] [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] - Stage and Film Director. Director of the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] for 18 years (1968-1986)
*[[Jenny Platt]] - Actress best known for her role as barmaid [[Violet Wilson]] in the long running [[ITV]] soap, ''[[Coronation Street]]''
*[[Charlie Simpson]] - Frontman of the band [[Fightstar]] and former singer of [[Busted]]
*[[Richard Wright (footballer)|Richard Wright]] - former Ipswich goalkeeper, now with [[Everton F.C.|Everton]].
*[[Dani Filth]] - Lead singer of heavy metal band [[Cradle of Filth]].
*[[Jane Lapotaire]] - Actress


Ipswich has a rich history of public swimming. During the 1830s, there were at least three designated swimming places - one was near St Cement's, the second was next to [[St Mary-at-the-Quay Church, Ipswich|St Mary-At-The Quay]] and the third not far from [[Stoke Bridge]]. These were all closed in the late 1830s during the building of the wet dock.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ipswich Historic Lettering: Water |url=https://www.ipswich-lettering.co.uk/water.html |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=www.ipswich-lettering.co.uk}}</ref> A designated enclosed area of the [[River Orwell]], called [[Stoke Bathing Place]], was created to cater for the swimmers. It was damaged in the floods of 1953 but maps show the swimming place still in situ as late as 1973. Ipswich Swimming,<ref>{{Cite web |title=teamIpswich Swimming |url=http://www.teamipswich4.moonfruit.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714113912/http://www.teamipswich4.moonfruit.com/ |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=21 August 2010 |publisher=teamIpswich Swimming}}</ref> formed in 1884 as Ipswich Swimming Club, used the Stoke Swimming Place.<ref>{{Citation |last=Kindred |first=David |title=Ipswich stoke bath (2) |date=2013-07-16 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/kindredspirituk/14656126019/ |access-date=2024-02-24}}</ref> [[Fore Street Swimming Pool]] opened in 1894. The pool is still in use and is the second oldest swimming pool in is in the UK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angel Lane » The Ipswich Society |url=http://www.ipswichsociety.org.uk/fore-st-facelift/history/angel-lane/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=www.ipswichsociety.org.uk}}</ref> [[Pipers Vale Pool]] opened in 1937 after replacing the [[West End Bathing Place]], which had closed in 1936 due to fears that it was polluting the [[River Orwell]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heritage Gateway - Results |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=b519f1b9-6943-4f3f-92d2-e4ddfbd26d64&resourceID=19191 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=www.heritagegateway.org.uk}}</ref> [[Broomhill Pool|Broom Hill pool]] opened, in 1986, which was prompted to serve the western side of the town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heritage Gateway - Results |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=b519f1b9-6943-4f3f-92d2-e4ddfbd26d64&resourceID=19191 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=www.heritagegateway.org.uk}}</ref> It closed in 2002 but is about to be restored with the plan of opening again in 2025/26. [[St Matthew's Baths]] was opened in 1924 and closed in 1984 when [[Crown Pools]] opened, which is still in use.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-01-25 |title=Historic pool re-opens as gym |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/suffolk/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_9373000/9373167.stm#:~:text=The%20St%20Matthew's%20Baths%20on,including%20Cream%20and%20Led%20Zeppelin%20. |access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=St Matthew's Baths » The Ipswich Society |url=http://www.ipswichsociety.org.uk/newsletter/newsletter-april-2011-issue-183/st-matthew-s-baths/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=www.ipswichsociety.org.uk}}</ref> The Ipswich Swimming Club, is based there although they use the [[Fore Street Swimming Pool|Fore Street swimming pool]], too. The most successful Ipswich Swimming Club member is [[FINA World Aquatics Championships|World Championship]] [[gold medal]]list [[Karen Pickering]]. There are plans for a new "low carbon aquatics centre" with the intention of opening next to [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town Football Club]] in 2027.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-08 |title=Ipswich council plans to close Crown Pools and build new aquatics centre |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-61728576 |access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
==Ipswich murders==
{{main|2006 Ipswich murder investigation}}
{{current-section}}
A suspected [[serial killer]] or [[spree killer]] responsible for the murders of at least five women in Ipswich gained notoriety in late 2006, as the [[2006 Ipswich murder investigation|Ipswich Murderer]] (or Suffolk Strangler). The five women have been identified as [[prostitution|sex workers]]; their bodies were found in December 2006.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/suffolk/6171355.stm</ref> [[Suffolk Constabulary]] have formally linked the murders in their investigation, which is ongoing. Assistant Chief Constable Cheer of the Suffolk police advised women involved in the sex trade to keep off the streets at a press conference held on the [[December 11]] 2006.<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/article/0,,1969564,00.html</ref> Town authorities and local businesses have organised shuttle services to transport women home from work, as well as many providing rape alarms.
At 7:20 am [[December 18]], Tom Stephens (age 37) was arrested at his home in [[Trimley St Martin]] near Felixstowe, suspected of the murders. Stephens (who works at [[Tesco]], [[Martlesham Heath]]) was interviewed by the ''[[The Daily Mirror|Sunday Mirror]]'' on [[December 17]], stating that he knew the victims and that he did not have an alibi for the time of the murders. He also stated that the bodies were found in the area in which he lives, and that he is innocent. A second suspect, [[Steven Gerald James Wright]] (age 48), who works at the Port of Felixstowe, was arrested at his house in Ipswich on [[December 19]].<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/suffolk/6192085.stm</ref> On December 21st, Wright was charged with the murders of Gemma Adams, 25, Anneli Alderton, 24, Tania Nicol, 19, Paula Clennell, 24, and Annette Nicholls, 29. He appeared in Ipswich's [[Magistrates' Court]] on 22 December 2006 and was remanded in custody until 2 January 2007 to appear in Ipswich [[Crown Court]]. Stephens was released on bail without charge, pending further inquiries.


Ipswich had a [[Ipswich Racecourse|racecourse]] which ran a mix of flat and National Hunt races.
==External links==
{{commonscat|Ipswich}}
'''Ipswich Information'''
*[http://ipswiki.org Ipswiki] - For contributions outside the wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|Content Policy]]
*[http://www.easf.org.uk/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Women%27s+Organisations Womens'Organisations]
*[http://www.easf.org.uk/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Ipswich+Community+Centres Community centres]
*[http://www.ipswichgigs.co.uk/ Alternative Live Music In Ipswich]


==Education==
'''Ipswich institutions'''
===Schools===
*[http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/ Ipswich Borough Council]
{{Main|List of schools in Suffolk}}
*[http://www.itfc.co.uk Ipswich Town Football Club]
[[File:Ipswich School.jpg|thumb|[[Ipswich School]] was established in 1399.|alt=|265x265px]]
*[http://www.eveningstar.co.uk/ Evening Star] (Local Newspaper)
[[File:University Campus Suffolk , Ipswich Waterfront - geograph.org.uk - 1077464.jpg|thumb|The Waterfront Building of the [[University of Suffolk]]|300x300px]]
*[http://www.twtd.co.uk/messages Ipswich Town Message Board]
*[http://www.ipswichsociety.org.uk/ The Ipswich Society]


State-funded secondary schools include comprehensive schools such as [[Copleston High School]], [[St Alban's Catholic High School, Ipswich|St Alban's Catholic High School]], Holbrook Academy, Holbrook Primary and [[Northgate High School, Ipswich|Northgate High School]] and academies such as [[Ipswich Academy]] and [[Chantry Academy]]. Ipswich is also home to several independent schools, including [[Royal Hospital School]], [[Ipswich School]] (both are co-educational and members of the [[Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]), [[Ipswich High School, Suffolk|Ipswich High School]] (has recently changed from girls only to girls and boys) and [[St Joseph's College, Ipswich|St Joseph's College]] (Catholic, co-educational) which hosts an international summer camp.


===Further and higher education===
'''History'''
[[Suffolk New College]] is a [[further education]] college located in Ipswich, serving students from the town and wider area. There is also a [[sixth form college]], [[One (sixth form college)|One]], which serves students from the same area.
*[http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/Services/Museums+and+Mansion/ Ipswich Museum]
*[http://cliffordroadshelter.org.uk Clifford Road Air Raid Shelter Museum, Ipswich]
*[http://www.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/ipswmap1.html Medieval town plan of Ipswich Town]
*[http://www.ipswichtransportmuseum.co.uk/ Ipswich Transport Museum]
*[http://www.oldstratforduponavon.com/ipswich A Few Views of Ipswich and Pin Mill in Old Postcards]


Ipswich is the location of the [[University of Suffolk]], [[Suffolk]]'s first Higher Education Institution (HEI), established in 2007. It was originally University Campus Suffolk, a collaborative venture involving the [[University of Essex]] in [[Colchester]], the [[University of East Anglia]] in [[Norwich]], various further education colleges and Suffolk County Council. However, the university was granted its own degree awarding powers in November 2015, and in May 2016 it was awarded university status. The university was renamed to the University of Suffolk in August 2016, prior to its former name University Campus Suffolk.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 2016 |title=Campus renamed as independent university |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-36307221 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042713/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-36307221 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |access-date=21 July 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=4 July 2016 |title=University Campus Suffolk gains approval to become the University of Suffolk |url=https://www.ucs.ac.uk/About/News/2016/20160517_University-Campus-Suffolk-gains-approval-to-become-the-University-of-Suffolk.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521083104/http://www.ucs.ac.uk/About/News/2016/20160517_University-Campus-Suffolk-gains-approval-to-become-the-University-of-Suffolk.aspx |archive-date=21 May 2016 |access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>
'''Projects and initiatives'''

*[http://www.ipswich-angle.com/ ipswich.angle] (Community project to promote leisure activities and community spirt in the town)
==Climate==
*[http://www.ipswichlife.com: Ipswich Life] (Growing site for Leisure and Activities)
Ipswich experiences an [[oceanic climate]], like the rest of the British Isles, with a narrow range of temperature and rainfall spread evenly throughout the year. One of the two nearest for which data is available is East Bergholt, about {{convert|7|mi|0|abbr=out}} south west of the town centre and at a similar elevation, and similar river valley/estuary situation. The average July maximum of {{convert|23.2|C}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1971–0 July average maximum |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=13&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TX&stationid=1841 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127154940/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=13&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TX&stationid=1841 |archive-date=27 November 2011 |access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> is the third-highest for a major settlement in the country, behind London and Colchester, illustrating the relative warmth of the area during the summer part of the year. The record maximum is {{convert|35.2|C}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=2003 Record maximum |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=2003&indexid=TXx&stationid=1841 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127153207/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=2003&indexid=TXx&stationid=1841 |archive-date=27 November 2011 |access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> set during August 2003. Typically, 24.9 days of the year will record a maximum temperature of {{convert|25.1|C}} or above, and the warmest day of the year should reach {{convert|30.0|C}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=1971–00 Average warmest day |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=5&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1841 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127154101/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=5&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1841 |archive-date=27 November 2011 |access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> on average.
*[http://www.orwellchurch.co.uk Orwell Centre] (Orwell Church Centre on the Waterfront close to University Campus Suffolk)

*[http://www.townpastors.co.uk Town Pastors Ipswich] (Christian initiative to care for people out on the streets from 10pm to 4am)
The absolute minimum is {{convert|-16.1|C}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=1963 Minimum |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TNn&stationid=1841 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127154104/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TNn&stationid=1841 |archive-date=27 November 2011 |access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> set in January 1963, although frosts have been recorded in all months except July, August and September. In an average year, 55.33 nights will report an air frost. The lowest temperature to be recorded in recent years was {{convert|-14.5|C}} during December 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2010 Minimum |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=18&year=2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=1841 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426211824/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=18&year=2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=1841 |archive-date=26 April 2014 |access-date=25 February 2013}}</ref>
*[http://www.out-and-about.org.uk: Out & About] (Get involved and support disabled children in Ipswich through volunteering or fundraising)

*[http://www.ip-art.com/ Ipswich Arts Festival] (Annual festival of Dance, Music and Art)
As with much of East Anglia, rainfall is low, averaging 569.3mm<ref>{{Cite web |title=1971–00 average annual rainfall |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR&stationid=1841 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127150112/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR&stationid=1841 |archive-date=27 November 2011 |access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> in a typical year, with 103.8 days of the year<ref>{{Cite web |title=1971–00 annual average raindays |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR1&stationid=1841 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127151212/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR1&stationid=1841 |archive-date=27 November 2011 |access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> reporting over 1mm of rain. All averages refer to the period 1971–2000.
*[http://cefn.com/curiosity/ Curiosity Collective Art Project]: making Ipswich interesting

*[http://www.ip1zine.com/ IP1 Magazine]: project to promote journalism and creative production skills in the town.
The weather station at [[Levington]] is even closer than East Bergholt at {{convert|9.4|km|order=flip}} from the town centre further down the river estuary on the way to [[Felixstowe]]. It has a slightly more marine climate than East Bergholt, with slightly lower highs and milder lows throughout the year in the 1981–2010 average period. It is slightly less prone to frosts, averaging 35.5 such occurrences in a calendar year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ipswich Climate Averages 1981-2010 |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/u12b4mhxm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518065140/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/u12b4mhxm |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=8 May 2015 |publisher=Met Office}}</ref> Sunshine levels at 1,707.7 hours per annum are relatively high for the British Isles, but not abnormal for southern parts of England.
*[http://www.easf.org.uk/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Ipswich+Community+Centres List of Ipswich community centres] by [http://www.easf.org.uk easf]

*[http://www.keyarts.org/ Key Arts] (An artist-run space for Ipswich)
[[Wattisham]] is {{convert|16|miles|order=flip}} from Ipswich, but has a higher altitude of {{convert|86|m|order=flip}}. As a result, high temperatures there are a little lower than East Bergholt and Levington, but lows are similar. In average year, there are around 43 nights of frost recorded at Wattisham (as well as two days of frost), and one day when the temperature exceeds {{convert|30|C}}.

{{Weather box|location = East Bergholt, elevation 7 m, 1971–2000, extremes 1960–
|collapsed =
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan record high C = 15.9
|Feb record high C = 18.1
|Mar record high C = 23.1
|Apr record high C = 25.6
|May record high C = 28.9
|Jun record high C = 33.5
|Jul record high C = 35.0
|Aug record high C = 35.2
|Sep record high C = 31.5
|Oct record high C = 29.0
|Nov record high C = 20.6
|Dec record high C = 15.9
|year record high C = 35.2
|Jan high C = 7.3
|Feb high C = 7.5
|Mar high C = 10.4
|Apr high C = 13.5
|May high C = 17.5
|Jun high C = 21.2
|Jul high C = 23.2
|Aug high C = 23.0
|Sep high C = 20.1
|Oct high C = 14.9
|Nov high C = 10.3
|Dec high C = 7.9
|year high C = 14.7
|Jan low C = 0.9
|Feb low C = 0.8
|Mar low C = 2.3
|Apr low C = 3.5
|May low C = 6.2
|Jun low C = 10.0
|Jul low C = 12.3
|Aug low C = 12.2
|Sep low C = 9.8
|Oct low C = 6.6
|Nov low C = 3.1
|Dec low C = 1.6
|year low C = 5.8
|Jan record low C = −16.1
|Feb record low C = −13.9
|Mar record low C = −11.1
|Apr record low C = −5.8
|May record low C = −4.0
|Jun record low C = -1.1
|Jul record low C = 2.3
|Aug record low C = 2.2
|Sep record low C = 0.0
|Oct record low C = −5.5
|Nov record low C = −8.4
|Dec record low C = −14.5
|year record low C = −16.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 52.14
|Feb precipitation mm = 34.07
|Mar precipitation mm = 41.63
|Apr precipitation mm = 42.06
|May precipitation mm = 41.80
|Jun precipitation mm = 51.86
|Jul precipitation mm = 35.50
|Aug precipitation mm = 49.12
|Sep precipitation mm = 51.31
|Oct precipitation mm = 58.14
|Nov precipitation mm = 56.25
|Dec precipitation mm = 54.52
|year precipitation mm = 569.31
|source 1 = KNMI<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2011 |title=Climate Normals 1971–2000 |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=RR&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=18&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-588333.333336&miny=-4650000.000001&maxx=278333.333335&maxy=-3999999.999998&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=431&mainmap.y=265&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521175349/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=RR&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=18&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-588333.333336&miny=-4650000.000001&maxx=278333.333335&maxy=-3999999.999998&MapSize=560,420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=431&mainmap.y=265&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom |archive-date=21 May 2012 |access-date=26 February 2011 |publisher=KNMI}}</ref>
|date=February 2011}}

{{Weather box|location = Levington, elevation 22 m, {{convert|9.4|km|order=flip}} from Ipswich, 1991–2020 averages
|collapsed = y
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan high C = 7.6
|Feb high C = 8.0
|Mar high C = 10.5
|Apr high C = 13.8
|May high C = 17.0
|Jun high C = 20.0
|Jul high C = 22.7
|Aug high C = 22.5
|Sep high C = 19.4
|Oct high C = 15.2
|Nov high C = 10.8
|Dec high C = 8.1
|year high C = 14.7
|Jan low C = 2.5
|Feb low C = 2.2
|Mar low C = 3.5
|Apr low C = 4.9
|May low C = 8.1
|Jun low C = 10.9
|Jul low C = 13.3
|Aug low C = 13.2
|Sep low C = 11.2
|Oct low C = 8.6
|Nov low C = 5.1
|Dec low C = 2.8
|year low C = 7.2
|Jan precipitation mm = 47.12
|Feb precipitation mm = 42.05
|Mar precipitation mm = 37.29
|Apr precipitation mm = 34.78
|May precipitation mm = 39.21
|Jun precipitation mm = 50.51
|Jul precipitation mm = 49.26
|Aug precipitation mm = 47.93
|Sep precipitation mm = 48.68
|Oct precipitation mm = 59.87
|Nov precipitation mm = 55.45
|Dec precipitation mm = 56.75
|year precipitation mm = 568.90
|Jan sun = 68.2
|Feb sun = 85.3
|Mar sun = 126.6
|Apr sun = 184.6
|May sun = 222.4
|Jun sun = 214.5
|Jul sun = 227.4
|Aug sun = 202.3
|Sep sun = 158.4
|Oct sun = 119.0
|Nov sun = 73.4
|Dec sun = 60.4
|year sun = 1741.6

|source 1 = Met Office<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Levington Climate Normals 1991–2020 |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10zuu3ye |access-date=5 August 2023 |publisher=Met Office}}</ref>
|date=August 2023}}

{{Weather box|location = Wattisham, elevation 86 m, 1991–2020, extremes 1973–
|collapsed = y
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan record high C = 14.4
|Feb record high C = 17.6
|Mar record high C = 20.4
|Apr record high C = 25.6
|May record high C = 27.6
|Jun record high C = 33.0
|Jul record high C = 35.7
|Aug record high C = 35.3
|Sep record high C = 29.7
|Oct record high C = 28.2
|Nov record high C = 18.1
|Dec record high C = 15.0
|year record high C = 35.7
|Jan high C = 6.7
|Feb high C = 7.4
|Mar high C = 10.0
|Apr high C = 13.3
|May high C = 16.5
|Jun high C = 19.5
|Jul high C = 22.1
|Aug high C = 21.9
|Sep high C = 18.7
|Oct high C = 14.4
|Nov high C = 10.0
|Dec high C = 7.1
|year high C = 14.1
|Jan low C = 1.4
|Feb low C = 1.2
|Mar low C = 2.6
|Apr low C = 4.3
|May low C = 7.2
|Jun low C = 10.1
|Jul low C = 12.3
|Aug low C = 12.3
|Sep low C = 9.9
|Oct low C = 7.5
|Nov low C = 4.2
|Dec low C = 2.0
|year low C = 6.3
|Jan record low C = −15.0
|Feb record low C = −10.0
|Mar record low C = −7.1
|Apr record low C = −4.6
|May record low C = −2.3
|Jun record low C = 0.5
|Jul record low C = 1.0
|Aug record low C = 4.0
|Sep record low C = -1.7
|Oct record low C = −3.5
|Nov record low C = −6.2
|Dec record low C = −12.8
|year record low C = −15.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 41.92
|Feb precipitation mm = 38.55
|Mar precipitation mm = 45.50
|Apr precipitation mm = 32.71
|May precipitation mm = 47.15
|Jun precipitation mm = 46.04
|Jul precipitation mm = 49.25
|Aug precipitation mm = 61.15
|Sep precipitation mm = 43.89
|Oct precipitation mm = 55.74
|Nov precipitation mm = 57.26
|Dec precipitation mm = 48.13
|year precipitation mm = 567.291
|source 1 = Meteostat<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=Ipswich |url=https://meteostat.net/en/place/gb/ipswich?s=03590&t=2023-07-22%2F2023-07-29 |access-date=5 August 2023 |publisher=Meteostat}}</ref>
|date=August 2023}}

==People==
{{main category|People from Ipswich}}
<!-- See discussion on the talk page for criteria for inclusion, which loosely summarised is having somewhere in the town named after them, a Blue Plaque or a statue erected in the town in their honour. -->[[File:Statue of Thomas Wolsey - Ipswich.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Thomas Wolsey]] on St Peters Street]]

The Tudor Cardinal [[Thomas Wolsey]] was born in the town.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Wolsey, Thomas | volume= 28 |last= Pollard | first= Albert Frederick |author-link= Albert Pollard| pages = 779&ndash;780 |short= 1}}</ref> Sir [[Samuel Mayart]], the judge and political theorist, was born in Ipswich in 1585. The artist [[Thomas Gainsborough]]<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Gainsborough, Thomas | volume= 11 |last= Rossetti |first= William Michael |author-link= William Michael Rossetti| pages = 388&ndash;389 |short= 1}}</ref> and the cartoonist [[Carl Giles|"Giles"]] worked here, [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio, Lord Nelson]], became Steward of Ipswich, and [[Margaret Catchpole]] began her adventurous career here. [[Alf Ramsey]] and [[Bobby Robson]] were both successful managers of [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]]. Ipswich was the birthplace in 1741 of [[Sarah Trimmer]], née Kirby, writer and critic of children's literature and among the first to introduce pictorial material and animals and the natural world into it.<ref>Barbara Brandon Schnorrenberg, "Trimmer, Sarah (1741–1810)", In: ODNB, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27740. Retrieved 8 September 2014, pay-walled.]</ref> Also born in Ipswich is [[Sam Claflin]], who appeared in ''[[The Hunger Games (film series)|The Hunger Games]]'' and [[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|''Peaky Blinders'']].

Actor and director [[Richard Ayoade]], best known for his role as Maurice Moss in ''[[The IT Crowd]]'', was brought up in Ipswich,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barkham |first=Patrick |date=1 October 2008 |title=What's behind Richard Ayoade's loser act? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2008/oct/02/comedy.television |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201223018/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2008/oct/02/comedy.television |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=11 December 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> as was the ceramic artist [[Blanche Georgiana Vulliamy]],<ref>[http://suffolkartists.co.uk/index.cgi?choice=painter&pid=1866 VULLIAMY, Blanche Georgina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216032050/https://suffolkartists.co.uk/index.cgi?choice=painter&pid=1866 |date=16 December 2018 }} (sic) at suffolkartists.co.uk, accessed 28 January 2018</ref>
and the musician [[Nandi Bushell]].
[[Hugh Catchpole]], a noted educationist with over 60 years of association with military schools and colleges in India and Pakistan, was born in Ipswich.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 September 2008 |title=Hugh Catchpole: An institution unto himself |language=en-US |work=DAWN.COM |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/827620 |url-status=live |access-date=11 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311142545/https://www.dawn.com/news/827620 |archive-date=11 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hugh Catchpole: Founder Principal |url=http://www.cch.edu.pk/about-us/2013-10-12-02-45-19/founder-principal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311140756/http://www.cch.edu.pk/about-us/2013-10-12-02-45-19/founder-principal.html |archive-date=11 March 2018 |access-date=11 March 2018 |website=www.cch.edu.pk |language=en-gb}}</ref>

[[Jeremy Wade]], an extreme angler known for hosting TV shows such as ''River Monsters'' and ''Dark Waters'', was born in Ipswich.

==Twin towns==
Ipswich is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:

* [[Arras]], France, since 1994<ref name="Archant twinning">{{Cite web |title=British towns twinned with French towns |url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=5 July 2013 |access-date=11 July 2013 |website=Archant Community Media Ltd}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* In [[Serena Valentino]]'s Villains novel ''Poor Unfortunate Soul: A Tale of the Sea Witch'', [[Ursula (The Little Mermaid)|Ursula]] appears in Ipswich and proceeds to turn the citizens of the town into twisted sea creatures, reminiscent of the horror tales of author [[HP Lovecraft]]. She is stopped upon the arrival of [[King Triton]].
* In the [[Dead Parrot sketch]] by [[Monty Python's Flying Circus]], the customer is sent to [[Bolton]] for a replacement but was falsely told he was in Ipswich: "C: This is Bolton, is it? O: (with a fake moustache) No, it's Ipswich."
* In the 1934 [[Dennis Wheatley]] novel ''[[Black August (novel)|Black August]]'' the main characters, after a series of adventures, are held prisoners in Ipswich where a local Communist government has been set up; they are sentenced to death as enemies of the State, but are freed when the revolution is overthrown.

==See also==
* [[List of college towns]]
* [[List of English districts]]
* [[List of locations in Australia with an English name]]
* [[List of tallest buildings and structures in Ipswich]]
* [[List of towns in England]]
* [[List of U.S. places named after non-U.S. places]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
<references/>


==Further reading==
{{East_of_England}}
* Howgego, Caleb. ''Ipswich in 50 Buildings'' (Amberley, 2019) {{ISBN|978-1-4456-7999-0}}
* Howgego, Caleb. ''Ipswich Through Time'' (Amberley, 2015) {{ISBN|978-1-4456-3631-3}}
* Kindred, David. ''Ipswich Past & Present'' (The History Press, 2004) {{ISBN|978-0-7509-3921-8}}
* Malster, Robert. ''A History of Ipswich'' (Phillimore, 2000) {{ISBN|978-1-8607-7148-4}}
* Malster, Robert. ''Ipswich: A Pictorial History'' (Phillimore, 1991) {{ISBN|978-0-8503-3786-0}}
* Twinch, Carol. ''The History of Ipswich'' (Breedon Books, 2008) {{ISBN|978-1-8598-3625-5}}
* Twinch, Carol. ''Walks Through History Ipswich'' (DB Publishing, 2011) {{ISBN|978-1-9082-3457-5}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ipswich}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Ipswich (England)}}
* [http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/ Ipswich Borough Council]
* [http://www.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/ipswmap1.html Medieval town plan of Ipswich Town]
* {{Cite web |title=East Anglian Film Archive: "Ipswich" search results - eafa.org.uk |url=http://www.eafa.org.uk/search.aspx#&&page=1&navid=&tagid=123%2c%2c%2c&psize=50 |access-date=2 May 2012}}

{{Suffolk}}
{{Hanseatic League}}
{{East of England}}
{{Associated British Ports}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Ipswich| ]]
[[Category:Ipswich| ]]
[[Category:English county towns]]
[[Category:Towns in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Suffolk]]
[[Category:County towns in England]]
[[Category:Non-metropolitan districts of Suffolk]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]]
[[Category:River Orwell]]
[[Category:River Orwell]]
[[Category:Hanseatic League]]
[[Category:Trading posts of the Hanseatic League]]
[[Category:Local government in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Shire districts]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1st millennium]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Suffolk]]

[[Category:Boroughs in England]]
[[ar:إبسويتش]]
[[bg:Ипсуич]]
[[da:Ipswich]]
[[de:Ipswich]]
[[eo:Ipswich]]
[[fr:Ipswich]]
[[id:Ipswich]]
[[nl:Ipswich (stad)]]
[[ja:イプスウィッチ]]
[[no:Ipswich]]
[[pl:Ipswich]]
[[fi:Ipswich]]
[[sv:Ipswich]]

Latest revision as of 21:23, 16 December 2024

Ipswich
Borough of Ipswich
Coat of arms of Ipswich
Motto(s): 
Munia civitatis decus civium
(The functions of citizenship are the glory of the citizens)
Location within Suffolk
Location within Suffolk
Ipswich is located in England
Ipswich
Ipswich
Location within England
Ipswich is located in the United Kingdom
Ipswich
Ipswich
Location within the United Kingdom
Coordinates: 52°3′34″N 1°9′20″E / 52.05944°N 1.15556°E / 52.05944; 1.15556
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryEngland
RegionEast of England
CountySuffolk
DistrictIpswich
Areas of the town
Government
 • TypeLeader and Cabinet
 • BodyIpswich Borough Council
 • MPsJack Abbott
Patrick Spencer
Area
 • Total
15.22 sq mi (39.42 km2)
Population
 • Total
District ranked 166th
133,384
 • Density9,130/sq mi (3,524/km2)
 • The town, 2011 census
144,957[1]
 • Built up area, 2011 census
178,835[2]
Ethnicity (2021)
 • Ethnic groups
List
Religion (2021)
 • Religion
List
Postcode
Area code01473
Vehicle registration area codeAV, AW, AX, AY
ONS code42UD
Websiteipswich.gov.uk

Ipswich (/ˈɪpswɪ/ ) is a port town and borough in Suffolk, England. It is the county town, and largest in Suffolk, followed by Lowestoft and Bury St Edmunds, and the third-largest population centre in East Anglia, after Peterborough and Norwich. It is 50 miles (80 km) northeast of London and in 2011 had a population of 144,957. The Ipswich built-up area is the fourth-largest in the East of England and the 42nd-largest in England and Wales. It includes the towns and villages of Kesgrave, Woodbridge, Bramford and Martlesham Heath.[4]

Ipswich was first recorded during the medieval period as Gippeswic, the town has also been recorded as Gyppewicus and Yppswyche.[5] It has been continuously inhabited since the Saxon period,[5] and is believed to be one of the oldest towns in the United Kingdom.[6] The settlement was of great economic importance to the Kingdom of England throughout its history, particularly in trade,[7] with the town's historical dock, Ipswich Waterfront, known as the largest and most important dock in the Kingdom.[7][8]

Ipswich is divided into various quarters, with the town centre and the waterfront drawing the most footfall. The town centre features the retail shopping district and the historic town square, known as the Cornhill. The waterfront, south of the town centre on a meander of the River Orwell, offers a picturesque setting with a marina, luxury yachts, high-rise apartment buildings, and a variety of restaurants and cafes. The waterfront is also home to the University of Suffolk campus.

Ipswich is surrounded by two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB): the Suffolk Coast and Heaths and Dedham Vale. The town has a tourist sector, with 3.5 million people reported to have visited the town in 2016.[9] In 2020, Ipswich was ranked as an emerging global tourist destination by TripAdvisor.[10]

History

[edit]

Ipswich is one of England's oldest towns,[11][6] and is claimed to be the oldest still continuing town to have been established and developed by the English,[6] with continuous settlement since early Anglo-Saxon times.

Roman settlement

[edit]

A large Roman fort, part of the coastal defences of Britain, stood at Walton near Felixstowe (13 miles (21 km),[12] and the largest Roman villa in Suffolk (possibly an administrative complex) stood at Castle Hill (north-west Ipswich).[13]

Middle Ages

[edit]
Ancient House, Ipswich is decorated with a particularly fine example of pargeting.

The modern town took shape in Anglo-Saxon times (7th–8th centuries) around the Port of Ipswich. As the coastal states of north-western Europe emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, essential North Sea trade and communication between eastern Britain and the continent (especially to Scandinavia, and through the Rhine) passed through the former Roman ports of London (serving the kingdoms of Mercia, the East Saxons, Kent) and York (Eoforwic) (serving the Kingdom of Northumbria).

Gipeswic (also in other spellings such as Gippeswich)[14] arose as the equivalent to these, serving the Kingdom of East Anglia,[7][15][16][17][18][19] its early imported wares dating to the time of King Rædwald, ruler of the East Angles (616–624). The famous ship-burial and treasure at Sutton Hoo nearby (9 miles; 14 km) is probably his grave. The Ipswich Museum houses replicas of the Roman Mildenhall and Sutton Hoo treasures. A gallery devoted to the town's origins includes Anglo-Saxon weapons, jewellery and other artefacts.

The seventh-century town was centred near the quay. Around 700 AD, Frisian potters from the Netherlands area settled in Ipswich and set up the first large-scale potteries in England since Roman times. Their wares were traded far across England, and the industry was unique to Ipswich for 200 years.[20][21] With growing prosperity, in about 720 AD a large new part of the town was laid out in the Buttermarket area. Ipswich was becoming a place of national and international importance.[22] Parts of the ancient road plan still survive in its modern streets.

After the invasion of 869, Ipswich fell under Viking rule. The earth ramparts circling the town centre were probably raised by Vikings in Ipswich around 900 to prevent its recapture by the English.[23][24] They were unsuccessful. The town operated a mint under royal licence from King Edgar in the 970s, which continued through the Norman Conquest until the time of King John, in about 1215.[25] The abbreviation Gipes appears on the coins.

King John granted the town its first charter in 1200, laying the medieval foundations of its modern civil government.[26][27] Thenceforth Ipswich strongly maintained its jurisdiction over the Liberty of Ipswich, an administrative area extending over about 35 square kilometres centred on the town.[28]

In the next four centuries it made the most of its wealth. Five large religious houses, including two Augustinian Priories (St Peter and St Paul, and Holy Trinity, both mid-12th century[29][30]), and those of the Ipswich Greyfriars (Franciscans, before 1298), Ipswich Whitefriars (Carmelites founded 1278–79) and Ipswich Blackfriars (Dominicans, before 1263), stood in medieval Ipswich. The last Carmelite Prior of Ipswich was the celebrated John Bale, author of the oldest English historical verse-drama (Kynge Johan, c. 1538).[31] There were also several hospitals, including the leper hospital of St Mary Magdalene, founded before 1199.

During the Middle Ages the Marian Shrine of Our Lady of Grace was a famous pilgrimage destination, and attracted many pilgrims including Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon.[32][33] At the Reformation the statue was taken away to London to be burned, though some claim that it survived and is preserved at Nettuno, Italy.[34]

Around 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer satirised the merchants of Ipswich in The Canterbury Tales. Thomas Wolsey, the future cardinal, was born in Ipswich in 1473 as the son of a wealthy landowner. One of Henry VIII's closest political allies, he founded a college in the town in 1528, which was for its brief duration one of the homes of the Ipswich School.[35] He remains one of the town's most famed figures.

Early-modern era

[edit]
Early map of Ipswich from Hodskinson's 1783 Map of Suffolk

During the 14th to 17th centuries Ipswich was a kontor for the Hanseatic League, the port being used for imports and exports to the Baltic.

In the time of Queen Mary the Ipswich Martyrs were burnt at the stake on the Cornhill for their Protestant beliefs. A monument commemorating this event now stands in Christchurch Park. Ipswich was a printing, bookseller centre, and an entrepôt for continental books in the 16th century.[36] From 1611 to 1634 Ipswich was a major centre for emigration to New England. This was encouraged by the Town Lecturer, Samuel Ward. His brother Nathaniel Ward was first minister of Ipswich, Massachusetts, where a promontory was named 'Castle Hill' after the place of that name in north-west Ipswich, UK. Ipswich was also one of the main ports of embarkation for puritans leaving other East Anglian towns and villages for the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the 1630s and what has become known as the Great Migration.[37]

View of Ipswich from Christchurch Park by Thomas Gainsborough c. 1746-49

The painter Thomas Gainsborough lived and worked in Ipswich. In 1835, Charles Dickens stayed in Ipswich and used it as a setting for scenes in his novel The Pickwick Papers. The hotel where he resided first opened in 1518; it was then known as The Tavern and later became known as the Great White Horse Hotel. Dickens made the hotel famous in chapter XXII of The Pickwick Papers, vividly describing the hotel's meandering corridors and stairs.[38]

19th and 20th centuries

[edit]
A circa 1810 painting of outdoor bowling near Ransome & Son Foundry, an early embodiment of Ipswich's longtime agricultural equipment maker Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies

In 1824 Dr George Birkbeck, with support from several local businessmen, founded one of the first Mechanics' Institutes, which survives to this day as the independent Ipswich Institute reading room and library.[39] The building is located at 15 Tavern Street.

In the mid-19th century coprolite (fossilised animal dung) was discovered; the material was mined and then dissolved in acid, the resulting mixture forming the basis of Fisons fertiliser business.[40]

The Tolly Cobbold brewery, built in the 18th century and rebuilt in 1894–96, is one of the finest Victorian breweries in the UK. There was a Cobbold brewery in the town from 1746 until 2002 when Ridley's Breweries took Tolly Cobbold over.[41] Felix Thornley Cobbold presented Christchurch Mansion to the town in 1896. Smaller breweries include St Jude's Brewery, situated in an 18th-century coach-house near the town centre.

Ipswich was subject to bombing by German Zeppelins during World War I but the greatest damage by far occurred during the German bombing raids of World War II. The area in and around the docks was especially devastated. Eighty civilians died by enemy action in the Ipswich county borough area during the latter war.[42] The last bombs to fall on Ipswich landed on Seymour Road at 2 a.m. on 2 March 1945, killing nine people and destroying six houses.[43]

The Willis Building is a glass-clad building owned by Willis. Designed by Norman Foster, the building dates from 1974, when it was known as the Willis Faber & Dumas building. It became the youngest grade I listed building in Britain in 1991, being at the time one of only two listed buildings to be less than thirty years old.[44]

In September 1993, Ipswich and Arras, Nord Pas-de-Calais, France, became twin towns, and a square in the new Buttermarket development was named Arras Square to mark the relationship.[45]

Ipswich formerly had a municipal airport to the south-east of the town, which was opened in 1929 by the Ipswich Corporation. The airport was controversially closed in 1996. The site was redeveloped for housing as the Ravenswood estate.[46]

21st century

[edit]
The Ipswich Waterfront

Ipswich has experienced a building boom in the early part of the 21st century. Construction has mainly concentrated around the former industrial dock which is now known as the Ipswich Waterfront. Regeneration to the area has made it a hub of culture in Ipswich, the area boasts fine dining restaurants, a boutique hotel, and the new regional university, the University of Suffolk. The new high rise buildings of the Regatta Quay development has topped the list of the tallest buildings in Ipswich. The mixed-use high rise building, The Mill, is currently the tallest building in Suffolk.

Ipswich has made several unsuccessful bids for city status.[47] The town does not have a cathedral, so the Bishop of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich is based at Bury St Edmunds, the former county town of West Suffolk.

Ipswich is the largest town in Suffolk, followed by Lowestoft and Bury St Edmunds,[48][49] and the third-largest population centre in East Anglia, after Peterborough and Norwich. It is 50 miles (80 km) northeast of London and in 2011 had a population of 144,957. The Ipswich built-up area is the fourth-largest in the East of England and the 42nd-largest in England and Wales.[50] It includes the towns and villages of Kesgrave, Woodbridge, Bramford and Martlesham Heath.[51]

Localities

[edit]
Christchurch Park is a large 82-acre park in the centre of the town.

The waterfront is now devoted primarily to leisure use and includes extensive recent development of residential apartment blocks and a university campus. Businesses operated from the dock include luxury boats and a timber merchant. Other industries have been established to the south of the wet dock. The area was flooded in 2013 during a tidal surge. In February 2019 a flood gate, which protects the "New Cut", was unveiled. The flood barrier, similar in design to the Thames Barrier, cost £67m.[52] The Ipswich Village Development, begun in 2002 around Russell Road, is home to Suffolk County Council and Ipswich Borough Council.

Shops along the Ipswich high street

Holywells Ward, Ipswich is the area around Holywells Park, a 67-acre (27-hectare) public park situated near the docks, and the subject of a painting by Thomas Gainsborough. Alexandra Park is the nearest park to the waterfront's northern quay, and situated on Back Hamlet, adjacent to University of Suffolk.

Localities outside the town centre include Bixley Farm, Broke Hall, California, Castle Hill, Chantry, The Dales, Gainsborough, Greenwich, Maidenhall, Pinewood, Priory Heath, Racecourse, Ravenswood (built on a former airfield), Rose Hill, Rushmere, Springvale, St Margarets, Stoke, Warren Heath, Westbourne, Whitehouse and Whitton.

To the east of the town is Trinity Park near Bucklesham the home of the annual Suffolk Show, a typical county show. The 'Trinity' is the name given to the three animals native to the county of Suffolk, namely Red Poll cattle, the powerful Suffolk Punch horse and the black-faced Suffolk sheep.

Culture

[edit]
The Ipswich Museum

Ipswich is home to many artists and has a number of galleries, the most prominent of which are at Christchurch Mansion, the Town Hall, Ancient House and the Artists' Gallery in Electric House. The visual arts are further supported with many sculptures at easily accessible sites. The Borough Council promotes the creation of new public works of art and has been known to make this a condition of planning permission.[53] The town has three museums: Ipswich Museum, the Ipswich Transport Museum and Christchurch Mansion.

The New Wolsey Theatre is a 400-seat theatre situated on Civic Drive. Although the Wolsey Theatre was built in 1979, The New Wolsey Company took on the management and running of the Wolsey Theatre in 2000, opening its first production in February 2001.

DanceEast, which has the primary aim of advocating innovation and development of dance in the East of England is now resident in their new premises as part of the waterfront development.[54] They are building new premises as part of the waterfront development. These are the first custom built dance facilities in the east of England at a cost of around £8 million.

Spill Festival of Performance was launched in Ipswich in 2007 and alternates between London and Ipswich yearly. In 2018, Clarion Call is the signature installation in the Festival[55] Installed at the historic town centre and waterfront in Ipswich, Clarion Call is a sonic intervention calls out to the setting sun in daily incantations, its voices reflecting contemporary Britain while exploring the local history of the World War I, using audio technology originally employed in war and emergencies, and the voices and songs of women and girls, to create a soundscape of immense scale.

Ed Sheeran playing at Ipswich Arts Festival 2010

Eastern Angles Theatre Company is based at the Sir John Mills Theatre in Ipswich, named after the famous actor who lived in Felixstowe as a child. In 2012 it celebrated its 30th anniversary. The group engages in rural tours and seasonal performances.

The Ipswich Arts Festival, known as 'Ip-art' has been the town's annual summer arts festival since 2003 and seen a developing and varied programme of events from visual arts, performing arts, literature, film and music, notably a free music day in Christchurch Park.[56] The Ultrazang monthly live music night began in 2009.[57]

The Ipswich Jazz Festival is a jazz music and arts festival started in 2015 in partnership with the Ipswich Arts Festival and mixes established jazz talent, rising stars and regional players.[58]

Ipswich had a notable punk scene and influential grindcore band Extreme Noise Terror, formed in the town in 1985.

It also features art and photography exhibitions, film screenings and workshops held in venues across the town.

Media

[edit]

Television

[edit]

Ipswich is covered by BBC Look East and ITV News Anglia both broadcast from Norwich.

Radio

[edit]

The town has five local radio stations, BBC Radio Suffolk which broadcast from its studios on St Matthews Street in the town, the commercial station Heart East which was founded in 1975 as Radio Orwell covering the A14 corridor in Suffolk, and Ipswich 102 who took over the FM frequency in 2018, until 2020 when it rebranded as Greatest Hits Radio Ipswich & Suffolk. Then in September 2022, the station was rebranded again as Nation Radio Suffolk where it has one local show on weekday afternoons 1pm-4pm, hosted by Rob Chandler (who hosted the local afternoon show prior to the rebrand). The younger audience was catered for with Suffolk-based Kiss 105-108, until September 2023 when its 106.4 frequency flipped over to carrying Greatest Hits Radio Ipswich & Suffolk. Ipswich Community Radio was launched in 2007.

Newspapers

[edit]

The town's daily newspaper is the Ipswich Star a sister title to the county's daily newspaper the East Anglian Daily Times.

Buildings

[edit]
Ipswich Town Hall on The Cornhill town square
Endeavour House, home of Suffolk County Council

In addition to the Christchurch Mansion and Ancient House, Ipswich in the 21st century has some important cultural buildings including the New Wolsey Theatre and the Regent Theatre—the largest theatre venue in East Anglia where, in 1964, the Beatles performed when it was still known as the Gaumont.[59] There is also the Corn Exchange in King Street which was completed in 1882.[60]

There are several medieval Ipswich churches but the grandest is St. Mary-le-Tower,[61] rebuilt by the Victorians. Holy Trinity Church by the waterfront is one of the few churches in the country which was built during the reign of William IV and whilst the outside looks plain, the interior is quite spectacular. The world's oldest circle of church bells is housed in St Lawrence Church, which is maintained by the Ipswich Historic Churches Trust.[62]

The Ancient House in the Buttermarket is an example of a merchant house which features tudor pargeting and the Ipswich window.

The former East Suffolk County Hall is just east of the centre of Ipswich. It is listed as a building at risk by the Victorian Society.[63] The Town Hall remains in use as an arts centre and events venue; it dates from 1866 (architects: Bellamy & Hardy of Lincoln). The 18th Century Grade II listed Old Post Office,[64] which was built in 1881, has been renovated and is now home to the Botanist bar.

Modern buildings include Endeavour House (headquarters of Suffolk County Council and formerly home of the TXU Corporation), Grafton House (home of Ipswich Borough Council) and Ipswich Crown Court, all located on Russell Road in the area known as the Ipswich Village Development, which includes Portman Road stadium. The stadium has hosted England under-21, under-23, and international soccer matches, as well as rugby union and hockey matches.

In the waterfront area The Mill is the tallest building in East Anglia, reaching 23 storeys.

On the north-west side of Ipswich lies Broomhill Pool, a Grade II listed Olympic-sized lido which opened in 1938 and closed in 2002, since which time a campaign to see it restored and re-opened has been run by the Broomhill Pool Trust. On the southern side of Ipswich is historic Belstead Lodge, now the Belstead Brook Hotel.

Governance

[edit]

The Municipal Borough of Ipswich was created in 1836[65] by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.[66] It was the form of local government for the ancient borough of Ipswich until the Local Government Act 1888 replaced it with the County Borough of Ipswich in 1889. Both originated from the ancient borough of Ipswich. The local authority was Ipswich Corporation. Following the passage of the Reform Act 1832, the government set up a Royal Commission in July 1833 to investigate how local councils worked.[67] In 1974 it was replaced by the non-metropolitan district of Ipswich and Ipswich Borough Council became the local authority, with county council duties fulfilled by Suffolk County Council.

Following the Local Government Act 1888, the county of Suffolk outside of Ipswich was split into East Suffolk and West Suffolk for administrative purposes and the term administrative county was introduced. There was a level of continuity as Ipswich was still run by the Ipswich Corporation, independently from East Suffolk (which surrounded it), although the county council was based in Ipswich at East Suffolk County Hall.

In 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972 and Ipswich became a non-metropolitan district with borough status in the administrative county of Suffolk with the same boundaries as the abolished county borough.[68]

Ipswich Borough Council offices at Grafton House, on Russell Road

Ipswich is governed locally by a two-tier council system. Ipswich Borough Council fulfils district council functions such as refuse collection, housing and planning and Suffolk County Council provides the county council services such as transport, education and social services.

The town is covered by two parliamentary constituencies: Ipswich, which is represented by Labour MP Jack Abbott and covers about 75% of the town, and Central Suffolk & North Ipswich, which covers the remaining 25% and is represented by Conservative MP Patrick Spencer.

In April 2006 the borough council initiated public discussions about the idea of turning the borough into a unitary authority;[69] Ipswich had constituted a county borough from 1889 to 1974, independent of the administrative county of East Suffolk, and this status was not restored by the Banham/Cooksey Commission in the 1990s. Ipswich, Norwich, Exeter and Oxford united to campaign for unitary authority status for the four towns, hoping to use the window of opportunity presented by the October 2006 Local Government White Paper. In March 2007, it was announced that Ipswich was one of 16 shortlisted councils[70] and on 25 July 2007, the secretary of state[who?] announced that she was minded to implement the unitary proposal for Ipswich, but that there were 'a number of risks relating to the financial case set out in the proposal',[71] on which she invited Ipswich to undertake further work before a final decision was taken.[72] In December 2007 plans were put into doubt as the government announced that it had "delayed" the unitary bids for Ipswich and Exeter.[73] In July 2008 the Boundary Committee announced its preferred option was for a unitary authority covering Ipswich and the south eastern corner of Suffolk, including Felixstowe.[74]

Industry

[edit]
Four Fairline Yachts outside Fairline's Ipswich testing facility

Being the county town of agricultural Suffolk, industry around Ipswich has had a strong farming bias with Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies Ltd, one of the most famous agricultural manufacturers, located in the town. The world's first commercial motorised lawnmower was built by Ransomes in 1902. Ransomes & Rapier was a major British manufacturer of railway equipment and later cranes, from 1869 to 1987. There was a sugar beet factory at Ipswich for many years; it was closed in 2001 as part of a rationalisation by British Sugar. This agricultural link is preserved in the local football club's nickname "The Tractor Boys". Phillips & Piper Ltd on Old Foundry Road employed many women who sewed equestrian and hunt jackets for Harrods, Pytchley, and other labels for 130 years, finally closing down in June 1982.[75]

The Willis Building in Ipswich was one of Foster + Partners earliest commissions, built in 1975.

The British Telecom Research Laboratories were located to the east of the town in 1975 at Martlesham Heath; it is now a science park called Adastral Park. The area was originally RAF Martlesham Heath, a World War II airfield. Part of the old airfield is now the site of Suffolk Constabulary's police headquarters.

A key employment sector is insurance, both wholesale and retail sectors. Some of the major players with a key presence in Ipswich include Axa, Churchill, Legal & General, LV and Willis Towers Watson. Access to a skilled and experienced workforce has also led to the establishment of ancillary businesses serving these companies, including call centres dealing with sales and claims.

Ipswich is one of the Haven ports and is still a working port, handling several million tonnes of cargo each year. Prior to decommissioning, HMS Grafton was a regular visitor to the port and has special links with the town and the county of Suffolk. HMS Orwell, named after the river, is also closely linked with Ipswich.

Demography

[edit]

Ethnicity

[edit]
Ethnic group Year
1981 estimations[76] 1991[77] 2001[78] 2011[79] 2021[80]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 114,118 96.7% 111,691 95.5% 109,381 93.4% 118,596 88.9% 117,757 84.4%
White: British 106,309 90.8% 110,624 82.9% 104,208 74.6%
White: Irish 706 610 0.5% 587 0.4%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller 149 356 0.3%
White: Roma 663 0.5%
White: Other 2,366 7,213 5.4% 11,943 8.6%
Asian or Asian British: Total 1,609 1.4% 2,562 2.2% 5,740 4.3% 7,611 5.4%
Asian or Asian British: Indian 464 839 1,801 2,366 1.7%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 73 158 242 376 0.3%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 595 913 1,687 2,015 1.4%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese 312 449 666 749 0.5%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 165 203 1,344 2,105 1.5%
Black or Black British: Total 2,991 2.6% 2,159 1.8% 3,096 2.3% 4,882 3.5%
Black or Black British: African 90 247 1,554 2,483 1.8%
Black or Black British: Caribbean 1,725 1,625 1,025 1,508 1.1%
Black or Black British: Other Black 1,176 287 517 891 0.6%
Mixed or British Mixed: Total 2,658 2.3% 4,816 3.6% 6,409 4.6%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 1,545 2,579 3,016 2.2%
Mixed: White and Black African 234 655 1,151 0.8%
Mixed: White and Asian 333 637 820 0.6%
Mixed: Other Mixed 546 945 1,422 1.0%
Other: Total 675 0.6% 309 0.3% 1,136 0.9% 2,984 2.2%
Other: Arab 151 357 0.3%
Other: Any other ethnic group 675 0.6% 309 0.3% 985 2,627 1.9%
Non-White: Total 3,897 3.3% 5,275 4.5% 7,688 6.6% 14,788 11.1% 21,886 15.6%
Total 118,015 100% 116,966 100% 117,069 100% 133,384 100% 139,643 100%

Religion

[edit]
Religion 2001[81] 2011[82] 2021[83]
Number % Number % Number %
Holds religious beliefs 82,632 70.5 77,048 57.8 67,664 48.5
Christian 79,719 68.1 70,797 53.1 58,898 42.2
Buddhist 216 0.2 495 0.4 596 0.4
Hindu 489 0.4 1,102 0.8 1,342 1.0
Jewish 106 0.1 83 0.1 101 0.1
Muslim 1,462 1.2 3,577 2.7 5,433 3.9
Sikh 246 0.2 343 0.3 456 0.3
Other religion 394 0.3 651 0.5 838 0.6
No religion 23,813 20.3 46,687 35.0 63,256 45.3
Religion not stated 10,624 9.1 9,649 7.2 8,722 6.2
Total population 117,069 100.0 133,384 100.0 139,642 100.0

Transport

[edit]
Greater Anglia operates train services in the Ipswich area, including to London Liverpool Street.

Ipswich railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line from London to Norwich, the East Suffolk Line to Lowestoft and the Felixstowe Branch Line. Trains are run by Greater Anglia, which operates direct services to cities including London, Cambridge, Chelmsford, Norwich and Peterborough. Ipswich engine shed opened in 1846 and closed in 1968. Ipswich is still a signing-on point for locomotive crews and a stabling point. The town has a smaller suburban station at Derby Road east of the town centre, on the Felixstowe branch line.

Ipswich is close to the A12 and the A14 roads. The Orwell Bridge which carries the A14 over the River Orwell connects it to the Port of Felixstowe, a major container port 12 miles (19 km) to the east.

Bus services in Ipswich are operated by Ipswich Buses, First Eastern Counties, Beestons and several smaller companies. Town services operate mainly from Tower Ramparts bus station and regional services from the Ipswich Old Cattle Market bus station. Ipswich Airport closed in 1996.

Ipswich is on Sustrans's National Cycle Route 1 and National Cycle Route 51.

Sport

[edit]
Portman Road, home ground of Ipswich Town

Ipswich's sole professional association football club is Ipswich Town, which was established in 1878 and play at the 30,300-capacity Portman Road stadium. They will play in the Premier League from the 2024-25 season, having been promoted from EFL Championship as runners-up in the 2023–24 season. Elected to the Football League in 1938,[84][85] they have a strong rivalry with Norwich City, and were the previous club of the two most successful England managers; Alf Ramsey, who was buried in the Old Cemetery in the town on his death in 1999, and Bobby Robson. Ipswich won the First Division title in 1961–62 in their first season as a top division club during Ramsey's reign, as well as the 1978 FA Cup and the 1981 UEFA Cup under Robson. The club are also undefeated at home in all European competitions, having won 25 and drawn six of 31 matches.[86]

Ipswich is also home to several non-League football clubs, including Ipswich Wanderers and Whitton United in the Eastern Counties League, and Achilles, Crane Sports, and Ransomes Sports among others in the Suffolk & Ipswich League. The town has representation in both codes of rugby. There are two rugby union teams – Ipswich RFC, who play in London 2 North East League, and Ipswich YM RUFC – and one rugby league side – Ipswich Rhinos, who play in the Rugby League Conference. Ipswich Cardinals are an American football team, playing in the South-East Conference of BAFACL 1; the second tier of the BAFA Community Leagues.

The speedway team, the Ipswich Witches, have ridden at Foxhall Stadium on the outskirts of Ipswich since 1951[87] and have won the top-tier league title four times, the knock-out cup five times and the second-tier knock-out cup twice.[88] The stadium is also used regularly for Hot Rod, Stock Car and Banger racing events, hosting major events throughout the year on the stadium's outer tarmac oval.

Ipswich Gymnastics Centre is one of only three fully Olympic accredited gymnastics facilities in the UK.[89][90]

Ipswich has a rich history of public swimming. During the 1830s, there were at least three designated swimming places - one was near St Cement's, the second was next to St Mary-At-The Quay and the third not far from Stoke Bridge. These were all closed in the late 1830s during the building of the wet dock.[91] A designated enclosed area of the River Orwell, called Stoke Bathing Place, was created to cater for the swimmers. It was damaged in the floods of 1953 but maps show the swimming place still in situ as late as 1973. Ipswich Swimming,[92] formed in 1884 as Ipswich Swimming Club, used the Stoke Swimming Place.[93] Fore Street Swimming Pool opened in 1894. The pool is still in use and is the second oldest swimming pool in is in the UK.[94] Pipers Vale Pool opened in 1937 after replacing the West End Bathing Place, which had closed in 1936 due to fears that it was polluting the River Orwell.[95] Broom Hill pool opened, in 1986, which was prompted to serve the western side of the town.[96] It closed in 2002 but is about to be restored with the plan of opening again in 2025/26. St Matthew's Baths was opened in 1924 and closed in 1984 when Crown Pools opened, which is still in use.[97][98] The Ipswich Swimming Club, is based there although they use the Fore Street swimming pool, too. The most successful Ipswich Swimming Club member is World Championship gold medallist Karen Pickering. There are plans for a new "low carbon aquatics centre" with the intention of opening next to Ipswich Town Football Club in 2027.[99]

Ipswich had a racecourse which ran a mix of flat and National Hunt races.

Education

[edit]

Schools

[edit]
Ipswich School was established in 1399.
The Waterfront Building of the University of Suffolk

State-funded secondary schools include comprehensive schools such as Copleston High School, St Alban's Catholic High School, Holbrook Academy, Holbrook Primary and Northgate High School and academies such as Ipswich Academy and Chantry Academy. Ipswich is also home to several independent schools, including Royal Hospital School, Ipswich School (both are co-educational and members of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference), Ipswich High School (has recently changed from girls only to girls and boys) and St Joseph's College (Catholic, co-educational) which hosts an international summer camp.

Further and higher education

[edit]

Suffolk New College is a further education college located in Ipswich, serving students from the town and wider area. There is also a sixth form college, One, which serves students from the same area.

Ipswich is the location of the University of Suffolk, Suffolk's first Higher Education Institution (HEI), established in 2007. It was originally University Campus Suffolk, a collaborative venture involving the University of Essex in Colchester, the University of East Anglia in Norwich, various further education colleges and Suffolk County Council. However, the university was granted its own degree awarding powers in November 2015, and in May 2016 it was awarded university status. The university was renamed to the University of Suffolk in August 2016, prior to its former name University Campus Suffolk.[100][101]

Climate

[edit]

Ipswich experiences an oceanic climate, like the rest of the British Isles, with a narrow range of temperature and rainfall spread evenly throughout the year. One of the two nearest for which data is available is East Bergholt, about 7 miles (11 km) south west of the town centre and at a similar elevation, and similar river valley/estuary situation. The average July maximum of 23.2 °C (73.8 °F)[102] is the third-highest for a major settlement in the country, behind London and Colchester, illustrating the relative warmth of the area during the summer part of the year. The record maximum is 35.2 °C (95.4 °F),[103] set during August 2003. Typically, 24.9 days of the year will record a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above, and the warmest day of the year should reach 30.0 °C (86.0 °F),[104] on average.

The absolute minimum is −16.1 °C (3.0 °F),[105] set in January 1963, although frosts have been recorded in all months except July, August and September. In an average year, 55.33 nights will report an air frost. The lowest temperature to be recorded in recent years was −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) during December 2010.[106]

As with much of East Anglia, rainfall is low, averaging 569.3mm[107] in a typical year, with 103.8 days of the year[108] reporting over 1mm of rain. All averages refer to the period 1971–2000.

The weather station at Levington is even closer than East Bergholt at 5.8 miles (9.4 km) from the town centre further down the river estuary on the way to Felixstowe. It has a slightly more marine climate than East Bergholt, with slightly lower highs and milder lows throughout the year in the 1981–2010 average period. It is slightly less prone to frosts, averaging 35.5 such occurrences in a calendar year.[109] Sunshine levels at 1,707.7 hours per annum are relatively high for the British Isles, but not abnormal for southern parts of England.

Wattisham is 26 kilometres (16 miles) from Ipswich, but has a higher altitude of 282 feet (86 m). As a result, high temperatures there are a little lower than East Bergholt and Levington, but lows are similar. In average year, there are around 43 nights of frost recorded at Wattisham (as well as two days of frost), and one day when the temperature exceeds 30 °C (86 °F).

Climate data for East Bergholt, elevation 7 m, 1971–2000, extremes 1960–
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.9
(60.6)
18.1
(64.6)
23.1
(73.6)
25.6
(78.1)
28.9
(84.0)
33.5
(92.3)
35.0
(95.0)
35.2
(95.4)
31.5
(88.7)
29.0
(84.2)
20.6
(69.1)
15.9
(60.6)
35.2
(95.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1)
7.5
(45.5)
10.4
(50.7)
13.5
(56.3)
17.5
(63.5)
21.2
(70.2)
23.2
(73.8)
23.0
(73.4)
20.1
(68.2)
14.9
(58.8)
10.3
(50.5)
7.9
(46.2)
14.7
(58.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6)
0.8
(33.4)
2.3
(36.1)
3.5
(38.3)
6.2
(43.2)
10.0
(50.0)
12.3
(54.1)
12.2
(54.0)
9.8
(49.6)
6.6
(43.9)
3.1
(37.6)
1.6
(34.9)
5.8
(42.4)
Record low °C (°F) −16.1
(3.0)
−13.9
(7.0)
−11.1
(12.0)
−5.8
(21.6)
−4
(25)
−1.1
(30.0)
2.3
(36.1)
2.2
(36.0)
0.0
(32.0)
−5.5
(22.1)
−8.4
(16.9)
−14.5
(5.9)
−16.1
(3.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 52.14
(2.05)
34.07
(1.34)
41.63
(1.64)
42.06
(1.66)
41.80
(1.65)
51.86
(2.04)
35.50
(1.40)
49.12
(1.93)
51.31
(2.02)
58.14
(2.29)
56.25
(2.21)
54.52
(2.15)
569.31
(22.41)
Source: KNMI[110]
Climate data for Levington, elevation 22 m, 5.8 miles (9.4 km) from Ipswich, 1991–2020 averages
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7)
8.0
(46.4)
10.5
(50.9)
13.8
(56.8)
17.0
(62.6)
20.0
(68.0)
22.7
(72.9)
22.5
(72.5)
19.4
(66.9)
15.2
(59.4)
10.8
(51.4)
8.1
(46.6)
14.7
(58.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5)
2.2
(36.0)
3.5
(38.3)
4.9
(40.8)
8.1
(46.6)
10.9
(51.6)
13.3
(55.9)
13.2
(55.8)
11.2
(52.2)
8.6
(47.5)
5.1
(41.2)
2.8
(37.0)
7.2
(45.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47.12
(1.86)
42.05
(1.66)
37.29
(1.47)
34.78
(1.37)
39.21
(1.54)
50.51
(1.99)
49.26
(1.94)
47.93
(1.89)
48.68
(1.92)
59.87
(2.36)
55.45
(2.18)
56.75
(2.23)
568.90
(22.40)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 68.2 85.3 126.6 184.6 222.4 214.5 227.4 202.3 158.4 119.0 73.4 60.4 1,741.6
Source: Met Office[111]
Climate data for Wattisham, elevation 86 m, 1991–2020, extremes 1973–
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.4
(57.9)
17.6
(63.7)
20.4
(68.7)
25.6
(78.1)
27.6
(81.7)
33.0
(91.4)
35.7
(96.3)
35.3
(95.5)
29.7
(85.5)
28.2
(82.8)
18.1
(64.6)
15.0
(59.0)
35.7
(96.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.7
(44.1)
7.4
(45.3)
10.0
(50.0)
13.3
(55.9)
16.5
(61.7)
19.5
(67.1)
22.1
(71.8)
21.9
(71.4)
18.7
(65.7)
14.4
(57.9)
10.0
(50.0)
7.1
(44.8)
14.1
(57.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5)
1.2
(34.2)
2.6
(36.7)
4.3
(39.7)
7.2
(45.0)
10.1
(50.2)
12.3
(54.1)
12.3
(54.1)
9.9
(49.8)
7.5
(45.5)
4.2
(39.6)
2.0
(35.6)
6.3
(43.3)
Record low °C (°F) −15
(5)
−10
(14)
−7.1
(19.2)
−4.6
(23.7)
−2.3
(27.9)
0.5
(32.9)
1.0
(33.8)
4.0
(39.2)
−1.7
(28.9)
−3.5
(25.7)
−6.2
(20.8)
−12.8
(9.0)
−15
(5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41.92
(1.65)
38.55
(1.52)
45.50
(1.79)
32.71
(1.29)
47.15
(1.86)
46.04
(1.81)
49.25
(1.94)
61.15
(2.41)
43.89
(1.73)
55.74
(2.19)
57.26
(2.25)
48.13
(1.89)
567.291
(22.33)
Source: Meteostat[112]

People

[edit]
Statue of Thomas Wolsey on St Peters Street

The Tudor Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was born in the town.[113] Sir Samuel Mayart, the judge and political theorist, was born in Ipswich in 1585. The artist Thomas Gainsborough[114] and the cartoonist "Giles" worked here, Horatio, Lord Nelson, became Steward of Ipswich, and Margaret Catchpole began her adventurous career here. Alf Ramsey and Bobby Robson were both successful managers of Ipswich Town. Ipswich was the birthplace in 1741 of Sarah Trimmer, née Kirby, writer and critic of children's literature and among the first to introduce pictorial material and animals and the natural world into it.[115] Also born in Ipswich is Sam Claflin, who appeared in The Hunger Games and Peaky Blinders.

Actor and director Richard Ayoade, best known for his role as Maurice Moss in The IT Crowd, was brought up in Ipswich,[116] as was the ceramic artist Blanche Georgiana Vulliamy,[117] and the musician Nandi Bushell. Hugh Catchpole, a noted educationist with over 60 years of association with military schools and colleges in India and Pakistan, was born in Ipswich.[118][119]

Jeremy Wade, an extreme angler known for hosting TV shows such as River Monsters and Dark Waters, was born in Ipswich.

Twin towns

[edit]

Ipswich is twinned with:

[edit]
  • In Serena Valentino's Villains novel Poor Unfortunate Soul: A Tale of the Sea Witch, Ursula appears in Ipswich and proceeds to turn the citizens of the town into twisted sea creatures, reminiscent of the horror tales of author HP Lovecraft. She is stopped upon the arrival of King Triton.
  • In the Dead Parrot sketch by Monty Python's Flying Circus, the customer is sent to Bolton for a replacement but was falsely told he was in Ipswich: "C: This is Bolton, is it? O: (with a fake moustache) No, it's Ipswich."
  • In the 1934 Dennis Wheatley novel Black August the main characters, after a series of adventures, are held prisoners in Ipswich where a local Communist government has been set up; they are sentenced to death as enemies of the State, but are freed when the revolution is overthrown.

See also

[edit]

References

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Further reading

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