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{{Short description|Pacific tropical storm in 2024}}
{{Short description|Western Pacific tropical storm}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Draft topics|east-asia|stem}}
{{AfC topic|other}}
{{AfC submission|||ts=20240816163624|u=HurricaneEdgar|ns=118}}
{{AFC submission|d|nn|u=122.2.115.63|ns=118|decliner=CFA|declinets=20240809002159|ts=20240809001801}} <!-- Do not remove this line! -->

{{AFC comment|1=This was copied without attribution from [[2024 Pacific typhoon season]]. Please see [[WP:CWW]] and add proper attribution before resubmitting. <span style=white-space:nowrap;>[[User:CFA|<span style="background-color:#e0f7fa;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-family:Arial black"><span style=color:#00c>C</span> <span style=color:red>F</span> <span style=color:#5ac18e>A</span></span>]] <span style="background-color:#e6e6fa;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-family:Arial black">[[User talk:CFA|💬]]</span></span> 00:31, 9 August 2024 (UTC)}}

{{AFC comment|1=Government sources do not count towards notability. <span style=white-space:nowrap;>[[User:CFA|<span style="background-color:#e0f7fa;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-family:Arial black"><span style=color:#00c>C</span> <span style=color:red>F</span> <span style=color:#5ac18e>A</span></span>]] <span style="background-color:#e6e6fa;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-family:Arial black">[[User talk:CFA|💬]]</span></span> 00:21, 9 August 2024 (UTC)}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Other hurricanes|List of storms named Maria|the 2024 typhoon}}
{{Infobox weather event
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Severe Tropical Storm Maria
| name = Severe Tropical Storm Maria
| image = Maria 2024-08-09 0325Z.jpg
| image = Maria 2024-08-09 0325Z.jpg
| caption = Severe Tropical Storm Maria on August 9, 2024
| caption = Maria shortly after peak intensity, while approaching Japan on August 9
| formed = August 5, 2024
| formed = August 5, 2024
| dissipated = August 14, 2024
| dissipated = August 14, 2024
}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA
}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA
| winds = 60
| winds = 55
| pressure = 980
| pressure = 980
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
Line 31: Line 17:
| year = 2024
| year = 2024
| casualties =
| casualties =
| fatalities = None
| fatalities =
| injuries =
| injuries = None
| missing =
| missing =
| damage = None
| damage = None
| damage-suffix =
| damage-suffix =
| areas = [[Bonin Islands]], [[Japan]]
| areas = [[Bonin Islands]], Japan
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[2024 Pacific typhoon season]]
| season = [[2024 Pacific typhoon season]]
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}}
}}


'''Severe Tropical Storm Maria''' was the third [[tropical cyclone]] to make landfall over the Pacific coast of the [[Tōhoku region]] of Japan in early August 2024. [[Tropical cyclogenesis|Forming]] as the fifth [[Tropical cyclone naming|named]] storm of the [[2024 Pacific typhoon season|annual typhoon season]] on August 5, Maria further intensified into a severe tropical storm and later into a minimal typhoon on August 8. It soon reached its peak intensity that day, with 10-minute [[Maximum sustained wind|sustained winds]] of {{convert|60|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} and a minimum [[Atmospheric pressure|barometric pressure]] of {{convert|980|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|comma=off|sortable=on}}. However, the storm's structure became asymmetric to the northeast due to the shielding effect of the [[Japanese Alps]] on its western periphery. The storm made landfall [[Ōfunato]], a city in [[Iwate Prefecture]], [[Japan]] with winds of {{convert|45|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} before traversing northern [[Honshu]] and emerging into the [[Sea of Japan]] on August 12. The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) continued to monitor the system until it was last noted at 18:00 UTC on August 14.
'''Severe Tropical Storm Maria''' was the third [[tropical cyclone]] to make [[landfall]] over the Pacific coast of the [[Tōhoku region]] of Japan—behind only [[2016 Pacific typhoon season|2016]]'s [[Typhoon Lionrock|Lionrock]] and [[2021 Pacific typhoon season|2021]]'s [[Tropical Storm Nepartak (2021)|Nepartak]]—in early August 2024. [[Tropical cyclogenesis|Forming]] as the fifth [[named storm]] of the [[2024 Pacific typhoon season|annual typhoon season]] on August 5, Maria further intensified into a severe tropical storm and later into a minimal typhoon on August 8. It soon reached its peak intensity that day, with 10-minute [[Maximum sustained wind|sustained winds]] of {{convert|55|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} and a minimum [[barometric pressure]] of {{convert|980|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|comma=off|sortable=on}}. However, the storm's structure became asymmetric to the northeast due to the shielding effect of the [[Japanese Alps]] on its western periphery. The storm made landfall [[Ōfunato]], a city in [[Iwate Prefecture]], Japan with winds of {{convert|45|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} before traversing northern [[Honshu]] and emerging into the [[Sea of Japan]] on August 12. It continued to be monitored until it was last noted on August 14.


Record-breaking rainfall totals were observed in Iwate Prefecture, reaching {{convert|19|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} in [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]] and {{convert|12.6|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} in [[Otsuchi, Iwate|Otsuchi]], nearly double the average rainfall amount for August. Controlled releases of the [[Taki Dam (Iwate, Japan)|Taki Dam]] in Kuji forced the evacuation of 8,300 people as the highest evacuation alert level was issued. Several homes were flooded in [[Iwaizumi, Iwate|Iwaizumi]], [[Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi]], and [[Miyako, Iwate|Miyako]].
In advance of Maria, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] issued warnings about potential landslides, overflowing rivers, and flooding in low-lying areas, as well as strong winds. Record-breaking rainfall was observed in Iwate Prefecture, with [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]] receiving {{convert|19|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} and [[Otsuchi, Iwate|Otsuchi]] {{convert|12.6|in|mm|1|abbr=out}}—nearly double the usual amount for the month—prompting the evacuation of around 2,000 residents. Several homes were flooded in [[Iwaizumi]], [[Kamaishi]], and [[Miyako, Iwate|Miyako]], and a Level 5 emergency warning was declared for the Osanai and Kokuji regions in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture. No damage or injuries were reported from Maria; however, Japan was impacted just days later by a more powerful cyclone named [[Typhoon Ampil (2024)|Typhoon Ampil]].


==Meteorological history==
==Meteorological history==
{{Storm path|Maria 2024 path.png|colors=new}}
{{Storm path|Maria 2024 path.png|colors=new}}
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The [[Tropical cyclogenesis|origins]] of Severe Tropical Storm Maria can be traced back to August 5, when the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) reported that a tropical depression had formed.<ref name=":1">{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp27.rjtd..txt |title=Warning and Summary 050600 |date=August 5, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240805083222/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp27.rjtd..txt |archive-date=August 5, 2024}}</ref> Later that day, the United States [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) began tracking it, noting the depression was in an environment with low to moderate [[wind shear]], warm [[sea surface temperatures]], and good equatorward outflow aloft.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|type=abpw|designation=94W|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt|date=August 5, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240805211042/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt|time=2100Z|archive-date=August 5, 2024|reissued=1}}</ref> At 09:00&nbsp;[[UTC]] on August 6, the JTWC issued a [[tropical cyclone formation alert]] on the disturbance, which was located {{convert|368|nmi|mi km|abbr=on|order=out}} north-northwest of [[Iwo Jima]], along the eastern periphery of the monsoon gyre,<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=August 6, 2024|type=tcfa|designation=94W|time=0930Z|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp9424web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240806092347/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp9424web.txt|archive-date=August 6, 2024|access-date=August 6, 2024}}</ref> prior to it being designated as ''06W''.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 7, 2024|type=warn|category=TD|designation=06W|no=1|name=Six|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240807054342/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref> The development of a [[central dense overcast]] and a ragged [[Eye (cyclone)|eye]] feature signified its intensification into a tropical storm,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 7, 2024|type=prog|category=TD|designation=06W|no=3|name=Six|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240807145548/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref> leading the JMA to [[Tropical cyclone naming|name]] it ''Maria'' on August 7.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq31.rjtd..txt |title=Prognostic Reasoning No. 6 for TS Maria (2405) |date=August 7, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240808090332/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240807/180000/A_WTPQ30RJTD071800_C_RJTD_20240807195816_66.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 8, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=4|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240808090924/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240807/210000/A_WDPN31PGTW072100_C_RJTD_20240807213334_36.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref> Maria then turned northeastward, moving along the northwestern edge of a [[subtropical ridge]], and intensified into a severe tropical storm on August 8 due to a favorable environment for development.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq31.rjtd..txt |title=Prognostic Reasoning No. 8 for STS Maria (2405) |date=August 8, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240808085606/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq30.rjtd..txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref>
[[File:Ampil, Maria, Son-Tinh, and 09W 2024-08-13.jpg|thumb|Four systems active on August 13: Maria (''top left''); Ampil (''bottom left''); Son-Tinh (''center right''); and Tropical Depression 09W (''bottom right''; precursor to Wukong).]]
⚫
The [[Tropical cyclogenesis|origins]] of Severe Tropical Storm Maria can be traced back to August 5, when the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) reported that a tropical depression had formed.<ref name=":1">{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp27.rjtd..txt |title=Warning and Summary 050600 |date=August 5, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240805083222/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp27.rjtd..txt |archive-date=August 5, 2024}}</ref> Later that day, the United States [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) began tracking it, noting the depression was in an environment with low to moderate [[wind shear]], warm [[sea surface temperatures]], and good equatorward outflow aloft.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|type=abpw|designation=94W|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt|date=2024-08-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240805211042/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt|time=2100Z|archive-date=2024-08-05|reissued=1}}</ref> At 09:00&nbsp;UTC on August 6, the JTWC issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert|tropical cyclone formation alert]] on the disturbance, which was located {{convert|368|nmi|mi km|abbr=on|order=out}} north-northwest of [[Iwo Jima]], along the eastern periphery of the monsoon gyre,<ref>{{cite JTWC|date=August 6, 2024|type=tcfa|designation=94W|time=0930Z|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp9424web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240806092347/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp9424web.txt|archive-date=August 6, 2024|access-date=August 6, 2024}}</ref> prior to it being designated as ''06W''.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 7, 2024|type=warn|category=TD|designation=06W|no=1|name=Six|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240807054342/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref> The development of a [[central dense overcast]] and a ragged [[eye]] feature signified its intensification into a tropical storm,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 7, 2024|type=prog|category=TD|designation=06W|no=3|name=Six|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240807145548/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref> leading the JMA to [[Tropical cyclone naming|name]] it ''Maria'' on August 7.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq31.rjtd..txt |title=Prognostic Reasoning No. 6 for TS Maria (2405) |date=August 7, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240808090332/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240807/180000/A_WTPQ30RJTD071800_C_RJTD_20240807195816_66.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 8, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=4|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240808090924/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240807/210000/A_WDPN31PGTW072100_C_RJTD_20240807213334_36.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref> Maria then turned northeastward, moving along the northwestern edge of a [[subtropical ridge]], and intensified into a severe tropical storm on August 8 due to a favorable environment for development.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq31.rjtd..txt |title=Prognostic Reasoning No. 8 for STS Maria (2405) |date=August 8, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240808085606/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq30.rjtd..txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref> Maria's structure improved, featuring spiral bands of deep convection and a well-defined symmetrical circulation.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 8, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=7|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240808152352/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0624prog.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref> Around 18:00 UTC, the JMA estimated peak 10-minute [[Maximum sustained wind|sustained winds]] of {{convert|60|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} and a minimum [[Atmospheric pressure|barometric pressure]] of {{convert|980|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|comma=off|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq31.rjtd..txt |title=Prognostic Reasoning No. 10 for STS Maria (2405) |date=August 8, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.is/2024.08.09-094444/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240808/180000/A_WTPQ30RJTD081800_C_RJTD_20240808193717_30.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref>


Concurrently, the JTWC then reported that Maria had rapidly intensified into a minimal typhoon due to strong equatorward and poleward outflow.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 8, 2024|type=prog|category=TY|designation=06W|no=8|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2024-08-08-2050-wp0624prog.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref> However, Maria's wind field became more asymmetric, with its associated convection shifting northward, causing Maria to weaken into a tropical storm on August 9,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 9, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=10|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2024-08-09-0910-wp0624prog.txtt|archive-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref> with deep convection becoming displaced to the northeast of an increasingly exposed low-level circulation center.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 9, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=12|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240810091045/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240809/210000/A_WDPN31PGTW092100_C_RJTD_20240809205617_41.txt|archive-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> However, satellite imagery later revealed that convection was wrapping around the system's defined low-level circulation,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 11, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=18|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240811083837/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 11, 2024}}</ref> and a partial eyewall developed in the western semicircle of the center.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 10, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=14|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240810090538/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> Unfavorable upper-level winds associated with the subtropical [[jet stream]] began to take their toll on Maria.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 10, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=16|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.is/2024.08.11-085739/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240810/210000/A_WDPN31PGTW102100_C_RJTD_20240810204217_57.txt|archive-date=August 11, 2024}}</ref> The storm had formed a compact core with an enhanced convection structure at its center,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 11, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=19|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.is/2024.08.11-144815/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 11, 2024}}</ref> while deep convection—an early sign of a developing ragged eye—had started to encircle the system's center.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 11, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=18|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.is/2024.08.11-083837/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 11, 2024}}</ref>
Maria's structure improved, featuring spiral bands of deep convection and a well-defined symmetrical circulation.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 8, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=7|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240808152352/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0624prog.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}}</ref> Around 18:00 UTC, the JMA estimated peak 10-minute [[Maximum sustained wind|sustained winds]] of {{convert|55|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} and a minimum [[barometric pressure]] of {{convert|980|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|comma=off|sortable=on}}.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq31.rjtd..txt |title=Prognostic Reasoning No. 10 for STS Maria (2405) |date=August 8, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240809094444/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240808/180000/A_WTPQ30RJTD081800_C_RJTD_20240808193717_30.txt|archive-date=August 9, 2024}}</ref> Concurrently, the JTWC then reported that Maria had rapidly intensified into a minimal typhoon, with 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|70|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}}, due to strong equatorward and poleward outflow.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 8, 2024|type=prog|category=TY|designation=06W|no=8|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240808000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-date=August 8, 2024}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2024-08-08-2050-wp0624prog.txt Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809093226/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2024-08-08-2050-wp0624prog.txt |date=August 9, 2024 }}</ref> Maria's wind field became more asymmetric, with its associated convection shifting northward, causing Maria to weaken into a tropical storm on August 9,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 9, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=10|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240809000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-date=August 9, 2024}} [https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2024-08-09-0910-wp0624prog.txtt Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809094656/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2024-08-09-0910-wp0624prog.txtt |date=August 9, 2024 }}</ref> with deep convection becoming displaced to the northeast of an increasingly exposed low-level circulation center.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 9, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=12|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240810091045/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240809/210000/A_WDPN31PGTW092100_C_RJTD_20240809205617_41.txt|archive-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> However, satellite imagery later revealed that convection was wrapping around the system's defined low-level circulation,<ref name="metoc.navy.mil">{{Cite JTWC|date=August 11, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=18|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240811083837/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 11, 2024}}</ref> and a partial eyewall developed in the western semicircle of the center.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 10, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=14|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240810090538/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 10, 2024}}</ref> Unfavorable upper-level winds associated with the subtropical [[jet stream]] began to take their toll on Maria.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 10, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=16|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240811085739/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240810/210000/A_WDPN31PGTW102100_C_RJTD_20240810204217_57.txt|archive-date=August 11, 2024}}</ref> The storm had developed a compact core with an enhanced convection structure at its center,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 11, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=19|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240811144815/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 11, 2024}}</ref> while deep convection—an early sign of a developing ragged eye—had started to encircle the system's center.<ref name="metoc.navy.mil"/> However, shortly afterward, the storm's structure became asymmetric to the northeast due to the shielding effect of the [[Japanese Alps]] on its western periphery.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 12, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=21|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240812083910/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240812/030000/A_WDPN31PGTW120300_C_RJTD_20240812023144_1.txt|archive-date=August 12, 2024}}</ref> At 00:00 UTC on August 12, the storm made [[landfall]] [[Ōfunato]],<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 12, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=22|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240812082714/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 12, 2024}}</ref> a city in [[Iwate Prefecture]], Japan with winds of {{convert|45|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} before traversing northern [[Honshu]] and emerging into the [[Sea of Japan]].<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 12, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=23|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240812151607/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 12, 2024}}</ref> This makes Maria the third tropical cyclone to make landfall over the Pacific coast of the [[Tōhoku region]] of Japan since the JMA began record-keeping in 1951.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Jiji |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Typhoon Maria Makes Landfall in Northeastern Japan (UPDATE 1) |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20240812-204480/ |access-date=August 12, 2024 |website=japannews.yomiuri.co.jp |language=en |archive-date=August 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819104829/https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20240812-204480/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The others were [[Typhoon Lionrock]] in [[2016 Pacific typhoon season|2016]] and [[Tropical Storm Nepartak (2021)|Tropical Storm Nepartak]] in [[2021 Pacific typhoon season|2021]].<ref name=":0" /> Soon after, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system as it became an exposed circulation center,<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 12, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=24|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240813093409/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 13, 2024}}</ref> while the JMA continued to monitor it until it was last noted on August 14.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp27.rjtd..txt |title=Warning and Summary 141800 |date=August 14, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240815104415/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20240814/180000/A_WWJP27RJTD141800_C_RJTD_20240814202931_19.txt |archive-date=August 15, 2024}}</ref>


However, shortly afterward, the storm's structure became asymmetric to the northeast due to the shielding effect of the [[Japanese Alps]] on its western periphery.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 12, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=21|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.is/2024.08.12-083910/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20240812/030000/A_WDPN31PGTW120300_C_RJTD_20240812023144_1.txt|archive-date=August 12, 2024}}</ref> At 00:00 UTC on August 12, the storm made landfall [[Ōfunato]],<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 12, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=22|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.is/2024.08.12-082714/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 12, 2024}}</ref> a city in [[Iwate Prefecture]], [[Japan]] with winds of {{convert|45|kn|km/h mph|abbr=on|order=out|round=5|sortable=on}} before traversing northern [[Honshu]] and emerging into the [[Sea of Japan]].<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 12, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=23|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.is/2024.08.12-151607/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 12, 2024}}</ref> This makes Maria the third tropical cyclone to make [[landfall]] over the Pacific coast of the [[Tōhoku region]] of Japan since the JMA began record-keeping in 1951.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Jiji |date=2024-08-12 |title=Typhoon Maria Makes Landfall in Northeastern Japan (UPDATE 1) |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20240812-204480/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=japannews.yomiuri.co.jp |language=en}}</ref> It is the first such event since [[Typhoon Lionrock]] in [[2016 Pacific typhoon season|2016]] and the second since [[Tropical Storm Nepartak (2021)|Tropical Storm Nepartak]] in [[2021 Pacific typhoon season|2021]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Traylor |first=Daniel |date=2024-08-11 |title=Tropical Storm Maria set for rare Tohoku landfall from Pacific coast |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/11/japan/tropical-storm-maria-tohoku/ |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}}</ref> Soon after, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system as it became an exposed circulation center.<ref>{{Cite JTWC|date=August 12, 2024|type=prog|category=TS|designation=06W|no=24|name=Maria|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/wp0224web.txt|archive-url=https://archive.is/2024.08.13-093409/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt|archive-date=August 12, 2024}}</ref> The JMA continued to monitor the system until it was last noted at 18:00 UTC on August 14.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwjp27.rjtd..txt |title=Warning and Summary 141800 |date=August 14, 2024 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=August 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.md/2024.08.15-104415/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/RJTD/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20240814/180000/A_WWJP27RJTD141800_C_RJTD_20240814202931_19.txt |archive-date=August 15, 2024}}</ref>
== Effects in Japan ==
== Effects in Japan ==
[[File:2024 CIMSS 06W Maria visible infrared satellite loop.gif|left|thumb|203x203px|Maria making landfall in Japan on August 12.]]
[[File:2024 CIMSS 06W Maria visible infrared satellite loop.gif|thumb|255x255px|Maria making landfall in Japan on August 12.]]
The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) warned on August 11 of potential landslides and overflowing rivers and flooding in low-lying areas, and strong winds.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Traylor |first=Daniel |date=2024-08-11 |title=Tropical Storm Maria set for rare Tohoku landfall from Pacific coast |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/11/japan/tropical-storm-maria-tohoku/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}}</ref> The [[East Japan Railway Company]] also announced the suspension of trips to [[Tōhoku region|Tōhoku]], [[Akita (city)|Akita]], and [[Yamagata (city)|Yamagata]] via the [[Shinkansen]] due to rainfall from Maria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Severe tropical storm Maria continues to disrupt life in northeastern Japan {{!}} Al Bawaba |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/severe-tropical-storm-maria-continues-to-disrupt-normal-life-in-northeastern-japan/3301468 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=www.aa.com.tr |language=en}}</ref> In the [[Bonin Islands|Bonin Islands,]] winds of {{Cvt|55|kph|mph}} were recorded at [[Iwo Jima]]. Maria's arrival resulted in the cancellation of flights to the Aomori, Misawa, Akita, Hanamaki, Sendai, Yamagata and Niigata airports, including 78 local flights by [[Japan Airlines]] and many flights by [[All Nippon Airways]], effecting over 7,000 passengers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=France-Presse |first=Agence |date=2024-08-12 |title=Severe Tropical Storm Maria makes landfall in Japan |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/245068/severe-tropical-storm-maria-makes-landfall-in-japan |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shimbun |first=The Yomiuri |date=2024-08-12 |title=Typhoon Maria Brings Record-breaking Rain to Japan's Tohoku Region; Akita Shinkansen Line Partially Closed (UPDATE1) |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20240812-204581/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=japannews.yomiuri.co.jp |language=en}}</ref> According to East Japan Railway Co., bullet train services between Akita and Morioka stations on the Akita Shinkansen Line were suspended Monday afternoon. Strong winds resulted in trees falling on the roads of Ofunato in the [[Iwate Prefecture]]. Community centers in [[Kesennuma]] of the neighbouring [[Miyagi Prefecture]] were set up as evacuation centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 11, 2024 |title=Strong wind, rain sweep across Japan as Typhoon Maria makes landfall |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/world/2024/8/12/strong-wind-rain-sweep-across-japan-as-typhoon-maria-makes-landfall-1341 |website=NEWS ABN-CBN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Benoza |first=Kathleen |date=2024-08-12 |title=Tohoku on alert as Tropical Storm Maria moves over region |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/12/japan/tropical-storm-maria-landfall/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}}</ref> Record-breaking rainfall on the Iwate Prefecture saw {{convert|18.5|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} of rain in 48 hours. This was the most in the region since reliable meteorological records began to be kept by the JMA in 1978.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-12 |title=Tropical storm Maria hits Japan with record rain |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/severe-tropical-storm-maria-makes-landfall-in-japan-forces-flights-to-be-cancelled |access-date=2024-08-12 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> Rainfall similar to this occured in the same prefecture saw [[Ōtsuchi, Iwate|Ōtsuchi]] recorded rainfall was 286.5 mm of rainfall in the 48-hour period ending.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Typhoon makes landfall in Iwate Prefecture, drops record rainfalls |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15386169 |work=THE ASAHI SHIMBUN}}</ref> Flooding effected homes in Iwaizumi and [[Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Traylor |first=Daniel |date=2024-08-13 |title=Focus shifts to incoming typhoon as Tropical Storm Maria dissipates |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/13/japan/tropical-storm-maria-weakens/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}}</ref>
The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] warned on potential landslides and overflowing rivers and flooding in low-lying areas, and strong winds.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Traylor |first=Daniel |date=August 11, 2024 |title=Tropical Storm Maria set for rare Tohoku landfall from Pacific coast |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/11/japan/tropical-storm-maria-tohoku/ |access-date=August 12, 2024 |website=The Japan Times |language=en |archive-date=August 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819104837/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/11/japan/tropical-storm-maria-tohoku/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A Level 5 emergency warning was issued for the Osanai and Kokuji regions in [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]] City, Iwate Prefecture.<ref name="Japan Times Landfall">{{Cite web |last=Benoza |first=Kathleen |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Tohoku on alert as Tropical Storm Maria moves over region |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/12/japan/tropical-storm-maria-landfall/ |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=The Japan Times |language=en |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812112513/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/12/japan/tropical-storm-maria-landfall/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[East Japan Railway Company]] also announced the suspension of trips to [[Tōhoku]], [[Akita (city)|Akita]], and [[Yamagata (city)|Yamagata]] via the [[Shinkansen]] due to rainfall from Maria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Severe tropical storm Maria continues to disrupt life in northeastern Japan {{!}} Al Bawaba |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/severe-tropical-storm-maria-continues-to-disrupt-normal-life-in-northeastern-japan/3301468 |access-date=August 12, 2024 |website=www.aa.com.tr |language=en |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812161148/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/severe-tropical-storm-maria-continues-to-disrupt-normal-life-in-northeastern-japan/3301468 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[Bonin Islands]], winds of {{Cvt|55|kph|mph}} were recorded at [[Iwo Jima]]. Maria's arrival resulted in the cancellation of flights to the Aomori, Misawa, Akita, Hanamaki, Sendai, Yamagata and Niigata airports, including 78 local flights by [[Japan Airlines]] and many flights by [[All Nippon Airways]], effecting over 7,000 passengers.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Severe Tropical Storm Maria makes landfall in Japan |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/245068/severe-tropical-storm-maria-makes-landfall-in-japan |access-date=August 12, 2024 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812075437/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/245068/severe-tropical-storm-maria-makes-landfall-in-japan |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Japan News Record">{{Cite news |last=Shimbun |first=The Yomiuri |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Typhoon Maria Brings Record-breaking Rain to Japan's Tohoku Region; Akita Shinkansen Line Partially Closed (UPDATE1) |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20240812-204581/ |access-date=August 12, 2024 |website=japannews.yomiuri.co.jp |language=en |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812161148/https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20240812-204581/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to East Japan Railway Co., bullet train services between Akita and Morioka stations on the Akita Shinkansen Line were suspended on the afternoon of August 12. Strong winds resulted in trees falling on the roads of Ōfunato in the [[Iwate Prefecture]]. Community centers in [[Kesennuma]] of the neighbouring [[Miyagi Prefecture]] were set up as evacuation centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 11, 2024 |title=Strong wind, rain sweep across Japan as Typhoon Maria makes landfall |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/world/2024/8/12/strong-wind-rain-sweep-across-japan-as-typhoon-maria-makes-landfall-1341 |website=NEWS ABN-CBN |access-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812082719/https://news.abs-cbn.com/world/2024/8/12/strong-wind-rain-sweep-across-japan-as-typhoon-maria-makes-landfall-1341 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Japan Times Landfall" />


Record-breaking rainfall totals were observed in Iwate Prefecture, reaching {{convert|19|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} in [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]] and {{convert|12.6|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} in [[Otsuchi, Iwate|Otsuchi]], nearly double the average rainfall amount for August.<ref name="JapanTimes1">{{Cite news |author1=Daniel Traylor |date=August 13, 2024 |title=Focus shifts to incoming typhoon as Tropical Storm Maria dissipates |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/13/japan/tropical-storm-maria-weakens/ |access-date=August 13, 2024 |work=The Japan Times}}</ref><ref name="Yomiuri1">{{Cite news |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Typhoon Maria Brings Record-breaking Rain to Japan’s Tohoku Region; Akita Shinkansen Line Partially Closed (UPDATE1) |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20240812-204581/ |access-date=August 13, 2024 |work=Yomiuri Shimbun}}</ref> Officials announced an emergency water release at the city’s at [[Taki Dam (Iwate, Japan)|Taki Dam]] to prevent it from completely filling up due to rainfall from Maria. An evacuation order was issued for the city of [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]]. Over 8,300 people were given the highest warning in the town of [[Iwaizumi, Iwate|Iwaizumi, Iwate.]]<ref name=":0" /> Preparation for the storm was adequate, as over 2,000 people took shelter as the storm made landfall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Storm dumps intense rainfall on north Japan, sending some people to shelter |url=https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/storm-dumps-intense-rainfall-on-north-japan-sending-some-people-to-shelter-124081200081_1.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref> A river flooded along the coast of the Iwate Prefecture, causing damage to roads. Rainfall and flooding also caused damage to nearby buildings. A much larger river also overflowed, damaging the sidewalk nearby.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flooded river in northeastern Japan as Typhoon Maria makes landfall |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/flooded-river-in-northeastern-japan-as-typhoon-maria-makes-landfall/vi-AA1oDyU2?ocid=msedgntp&pc=HCTS&cvid=f507cf01c8604c16887e943a1e489d08&ei=14#details |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> Maria caused approximately 300 power outages in Iwate Prefecture.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-12 |title=Tropical storm Maria hits northern Japan, causes record rainfall and flight cancellations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/tropical-storm-maria-hits-northern-japan-causes-record-rainfall-and-flight-cancellations/articleshow/112461834.cms |access-date=2024-08-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Fumio Kishida]] assured that the government would rapidly provide information and aid to the communities in the affected regions.<ref name=":1" />
Record-breaking rainfall on the Iwate Prefecture saw {{convert|18.5|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} of rain in 48 hours. This was the most in the region since reliable meteorological records began to be kept by the JMA in 1978.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Tropical storm Maria hits Japan with record rain |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/severe-tropical-storm-maria-makes-landfall-in-japan-forces-flights-to-be-cancelled |access-date=August 12, 2024 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923 |archive-date=August 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817113922/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/severe-tropical-storm-maria-makes-landfall-in-japan-forces-flights-to-be-cancelled |url-status=live }}</ref> Flooding effected homes in Iwaizumi and [[Kamaishi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Traylor |first=Daniel |date=August 13, 2024 |title=Focus shifts to incoming typhoon as Tropical Storm Maria dissipates |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/13/japan/tropical-storm-maria-weakens/ |access-date=August 13, 2024 |website=The Japan Times |language=en |archive-date=August 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813134341/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/13/japan/tropical-storm-maria-weakens/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Record-breaking rainfall totals were observed in Iwate Prefecture, reaching {{convert|19|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} in Kuji and {{convert|12.6|in|mm|1|abbr=out}} in [[Ōtsuchi, Iwate|Ōtsuchi]], nearly double the average rainfall amount for August.<ref name="Japan News Record" /> Officials announced an emergency water release at the city's at [[Taki Dam (Iwate, Japan)|Taki Dam]] to prevent it from completely filling up due to rainfall from Maria. An evacuation order was issued for the city of Kuji. Over 8,300 people were given the highest warning in the town of [[Iwaizumi, Iwate]].<ref name=":0" /> Preparation for the storm was adequate, as over 2,000 people took shelter as the storm made landfall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Storm dumps intense rainfall on north Japan, sending some people to shelter |url=https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/storm-dumps-intense-rainfall-on-north-japan-sending-some-people-to-shelter-124081200081_1.html |access-date=August 12, 2024 |website=www.business-standard.com |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812161146/https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/storm-dumps-intense-rainfall-on-north-japan-sending-some-people-to-shelter-124081200081_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A river flooded along the coast of the Iwate Prefecture, causing damage to roads. Rainfall and flooding also caused damage to nearby buildings. A much larger river also overflowed, damaging the sidewalk nearby.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flooded river in northeastern Japan as Typhoon Maria makes landfall |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/flooded-river-in-northeastern-japan-as-typhoon-maria-makes-landfall/vi-AA1oDyU2?ocid=msedgntp&pc=HCTS&cvid=f507cf01c8604c16887e943a1e489d08&ei=14#details |access-date=August 12, 2024 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> Maria caused power outages in approximately 300 households in Iwate Prefecture.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Tropical storm Maria hits northern Japan, causes record rainfall and flight cancellations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/tropical-storm-maria-hits-northern-japan-causes-record-rainfall-and-flight-cancellations/articleshow/112461834.cms |access-date=August 17, 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=August 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819104844/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/tropical-storm-maria-hits-northern-japan-causes-record-rainfall-and-flight-cancellations/articleshow/112461834.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Prime Minister [[Fumio Kishida]] assured that the government would rapidly provide information and aid to the communities in the affected regions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shimbun |first=The Yomiuri |date=2024-08-12 |title=Japan PM Fumio Kishida Announces to Take All Possible Anti-Disaster Measures against Typhoon Maria |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/politics-government/20240812-204583/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=japannews.yomiuri.co.jp |language=en |archive-date=August 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814204743/https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/politics-government/20240812-204583/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Fire and Disaster Management Agency]] reported that there were no damages or injuries associated with Severe Tropical Storm Maria.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Tropical Storm "Maria" makes landfall in Japan bringing record-breaking rainfall |url=https://watchers.news/2024/08/12/tropical-storm-maria-makes-landfall-in-japan-bringing-record-breaking-rainfall/ |access-date=August 17, 2024 |website=The Watchers |language=en-US |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812164719/https://watchers.news/2024/08/12/tropical-storm-maria-makes-landfall-in-japan-bringing-record-breaking-rainfall/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{portal|Tropical cyclones}}
{{portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[List of storms named Maria|Other storms of the same name]]
*[[Weather of 2024]]
*[[Weather of 2024]]
*[[Tropical cyclones in 2024]]
*[[Tropical cyclones in 2024]]
*[[Typhoon Jongdari]] – had similar track to Maria.
*[[Typhoon Jongdari]] – had a similar track to Maria.
{{clear}}


== References ==
== References ==
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Severe Tropical Storm Maria (2024)}}
{{Commons category|Severe Tropical Storm Maria (2024)}}
*[https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc24/WPAC/06W.MARIA/ 06W.MARIA] from the [[United States Naval Research Laboratory]]
[http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/202405.html.en General Information] of Typhoon Maria (2405) from Digital Typhoon
*[http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/202405.html.en General Information] of Severe Tropical Storm Maria (2405) from Digital Typhoon
*[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T2405.png JMA Best Track Data (Graphics)] of Severe Tropical Storm Maria (2405)
*[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T2405.pdf JMA Best Track Data] of Severe Tropical Storm Maria (2405) (in Japanese)
{{2024 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria}}
{{2024 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
[[Category:2024 Pacific typhoon season]]
[[:Category:2024 Pacific typhoon season]]
[[Category:Western Pacific tropical storms]]
[[:Category:Tropical cyclones in 2024]]
[[Category:August 2024 events in Japan]]
[[Category:2024 disasters in Japan]]
[[Category:Typhoons in Japan]]

Latest revision as of 04:34, 29 December 2024

Severe Tropical Storm Maria
Maria shortly after peak intensity, while approaching Japan on August 9
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 5, 2024
DissipatedAugust 14, 2024
Severe tropical storm
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds100 km/h (65 mph)
Lowest pressure980 hPa (mbar); 28.94 inHg
Category 1-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds130 km/h (80 mph)
Lowest pressure969 hPa (mbar); 28.61 inHg
Overall effects
InjuriesNone
DamageNone
Areas affectedBonin Islands, Japan
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season

Severe Tropical Storm Maria was the third tropical cyclone to make landfall over the Pacific coast of the Tōhoku region of Japan—behind only 2016's Lionrock and 2021's Nepartak—in early August 2024. Forming as the fifth named storm of the annual typhoon season on August 5, Maria further intensified into a severe tropical storm and later into a minimal typhoon on August 8. It soon reached its peak intensity that day, with 10-minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 980 hPa (28.94 inHg). However, the storm's structure became asymmetric to the northeast due to the shielding effect of the Japanese Alps on its western periphery. The storm made landfall Ōfunato, a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph) before traversing northern Honshu and emerging into the Sea of Japan on August 12. It continued to be monitored until it was last noted on August 14.

In advance of Maria, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued warnings about potential landslides, overflowing rivers, and flooding in low-lying areas, as well as strong winds. Record-breaking rainfall was observed in Iwate Prefecture, with Kuji receiving 19 inches (482.6 mm) and Otsuchi 12.6 inches (320.0 mm)—nearly double the usual amount for the month—prompting the evacuation of around 2,000 residents. Several homes were flooded in Iwaizumi, Kamaishi, and Miyako, and a Level 5 emergency warning was declared for the Osanai and Kokuji regions in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture. No damage or injuries were reported from Maria; however, Japan was impacted just days later by a more powerful cyclone named Typhoon Ampil.

Meteorological history

[edit]
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Severe Tropical Storm Maria can be traced back to August 5, when the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that a tropical depression had formed.[1] Later that day, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began tracking it, noting the depression was in an environment with low to moderate wind shear, warm sea surface temperatures, and good equatorward outflow aloft.[2] At 09:00 UTC on August 6, the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on the disturbance, which was located 423 mi (682 km) north-northwest of Iwo Jima, along the eastern periphery of the monsoon gyre,[3] prior to it being designated as 06W.[4] The development of a central dense overcast and a ragged eye feature signified its intensification into a tropical storm,[5] leading the JMA to name it Maria on August 7.[6][7] Maria then turned northeastward, moving along the northwestern edge of a subtropical ridge, and intensified into a severe tropical storm on August 8 due to a favorable environment for development.[8]

Maria's structure improved, featuring spiral bands of deep convection and a well-defined symmetrical circulation.[9] Around 18:00 UTC, the JMA estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 980 hPa (28.94 inHg).[10] Concurrently, the JTWC then reported that Maria had rapidly intensified into a minimal typhoon, with 1-minute sustained winds of 130 km/h (80 mph), due to strong equatorward and poleward outflow.[11] Maria's wind field became more asymmetric, with its associated convection shifting northward, causing Maria to weaken into a tropical storm on August 9,[12] with deep convection becoming displaced to the northeast of an increasingly exposed low-level circulation center.[13] However, satellite imagery later revealed that convection was wrapping around the system's defined low-level circulation,[14] and a partial eyewall developed in the western semicircle of the center.[15] Unfavorable upper-level winds associated with the subtropical jet stream began to take their toll on Maria.[16] The storm had developed a compact core with an enhanced convection structure at its center,[17] while deep convection—an early sign of a developing ragged eye—had started to encircle the system's center.[14] However, shortly afterward, the storm's structure became asymmetric to the northeast due to the shielding effect of the Japanese Alps on its western periphery.[18] At 00:00 UTC on August 12, the storm made landfall Ōfunato,[19] a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph) before traversing northern Honshu and emerging into the Sea of Japan.[20] This makes Maria the third tropical cyclone to make landfall over the Pacific coast of the Tōhoku region of Japan since the JMA began record-keeping in 1951.[21] The others were Typhoon Lionrock in 2016 and Tropical Storm Nepartak in 2021.[22] Soon after, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system as it became an exposed circulation center,[23] while the JMA continued to monitor it until it was last noted on August 14.[24]

Effects in Japan

[edit]
Maria making landfall in Japan on August 12.

The Japan Meteorological Agency warned on potential landslides and overflowing rivers and flooding in low-lying areas, and strong winds.[22] A Level 5 emergency warning was issued for the Osanai and Kokuji regions in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture.[25] The East Japan Railway Company also announced the suspension of trips to Tōhoku, Akita, and Yamagata via the Shinkansen due to rainfall from Maria.[26] In the Bonin Islands, winds of 55 km/h (34 mph) were recorded at Iwo Jima. Maria's arrival resulted in the cancellation of flights to the Aomori, Misawa, Akita, Hanamaki, Sendai, Yamagata and Niigata airports, including 78 local flights by Japan Airlines and many flights by All Nippon Airways, effecting over 7,000 passengers.[27][28] According to East Japan Railway Co., bullet train services between Akita and Morioka stations on the Akita Shinkansen Line were suspended on the afternoon of August 12. Strong winds resulted in trees falling on the roads of Ōfunato in the Iwate Prefecture. Community centers in Kesennuma of the neighbouring Miyagi Prefecture were set up as evacuation centres.[29][25]

Record-breaking rainfall on the Iwate Prefecture saw 18.5 inches (469.9 mm) of rain in 48 hours. This was the most in the region since reliable meteorological records began to be kept by the JMA in 1978.[30] Flooding effected homes in Iwaizumi and Kamaishi.[31] Record-breaking rainfall totals were observed in Iwate Prefecture, reaching 19 inches (482.6 mm) in Kuji and 12.6 inches (320.0 mm) in Ōtsuchi, nearly double the average rainfall amount for August.[28] Officials announced an emergency water release at the city's at Taki Dam to prevent it from completely filling up due to rainfall from Maria. An evacuation order was issued for the city of Kuji. Over 8,300 people were given the highest warning in the town of Iwaizumi, Iwate.[22] Preparation for the storm was adequate, as over 2,000 people took shelter as the storm made landfall.[32] A river flooded along the coast of the Iwate Prefecture, causing damage to roads. Rainfall and flooding also caused damage to nearby buildings. A much larger river also overflowed, damaging the sidewalk nearby.[33] Maria caused power outages in approximately 300 households in Iwate Prefecture.[34] Prime Minister Fumio Kishida assured that the government would rapidly provide information and aid to the communities in the affected regions.[35] The Fire and Disaster Management Agency reported that there were no damages or injuries associated with Severe Tropical Storm Maria.[36]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Warning and Summary 050600 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 5, 2024. Archived from the original on August 5, 2024. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  2. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 2100Z 5 August 2024 Reissued (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 5, 2024. Archived from the original on August 5, 2024. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  3. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 94W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 6, 2024. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
  4. ^ Tropical Depression 06W (Six) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 7, 2024. Archived from the original on August 7, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  5. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 06W (Six) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 7, 2024. Archived from the original on August 7, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  6. ^ Prognostic Reasoning No. 6 for TS Maria (2405) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 7, 2024. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  7. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 4 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 8, 2024. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  8. ^ Prognostic Reasoning No. 8 for STS Maria (2405) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 8, 2024. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  9. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 7 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 8, 2024. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  10. ^ Prognostic Reasoning No. 10 for STS Maria (2405) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 8, 2024. Archived from the original on August 9, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  11. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 06W (Maria) Warning No. 8 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 8, 2024. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024. Alt URL Archived August 9, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 10 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 9, 2024. Archived from the original on August 9, 2024. Retrieved August 9, 2024. Alt URL Archived August 9, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 12 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 9, 2024. Archived from the original on August 10, 2024. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  14. ^ a b Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 18 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 11, 2024. Archived from the original on August 11, 2024. Retrieved August 11, 2024.
  15. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 14 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 10, 2024. Archived from the original on August 10, 2024. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  16. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 16 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 10, 2024. Archived from the original on August 11, 2024. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  17. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 19 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 11, 2024. Archived from the original on August 11, 2024. Retrieved August 11, 2024.
  18. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 21 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 12, 2024. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  19. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 22 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 12, 2024. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  20. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 23 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 12, 2024. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  21. ^ Press, Jiji (August 12, 2024). "Typhoon Maria Makes Landfall in Northeastern Japan (UPDATE 1)". japannews.yomiuri.co.jp. Archived from the original on August 19, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  22. ^ a b c Traylor, Daniel (August 11, 2024). "Tropical Storm Maria set for rare Tohoku landfall from Pacific coast". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on August 19, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  23. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 06W (Maria) Warning No. 24 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 12, 2024. Archived from the original on August 13, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  24. ^ Warning and Summary 141800 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 14, 2024. Archived from the original on August 15, 2024. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  25. ^ a b Benoza, Kathleen (August 12, 2024). "Tohoku on alert as Tropical Storm Maria moves over region". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  26. ^ "Severe tropical storm Maria continues to disrupt life in northeastern Japan | Al Bawaba". www.aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  27. ^ "Severe Tropical Storm Maria makes landfall in Japan". INQUIRER.net. Agence France-Presse. August 12, 2024. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  28. ^ a b Shimbun, The Yomiuri (August 12, 2024). "Typhoon Maria Brings Record-breaking Rain to Japan's Tohoku Region; Akita Shinkansen Line Partially Closed (UPDATE1)". japannews.yomiuri.co.jp. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  29. ^ "Strong wind, rain sweep across Japan as Typhoon Maria makes landfall". NEWS ABN-CBN. August 11, 2024. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  30. ^ "Tropical storm Maria hits Japan with record rain". The Straits Times. August 12, 2024. ISSN 0585-3923. Archived from the original on August 17, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  31. ^ Traylor, Daniel (August 13, 2024). "Focus shifts to incoming typhoon as Tropical Storm Maria dissipates". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on August 13, 2024. Retrieved August 13, 2024.
  32. ^ "Storm dumps intense rainfall on north Japan, sending some people to shelter". www.business-standard.com. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  33. ^ "Flooded river in northeastern Japan as Typhoon Maria makes landfall". www.msn.com. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  34. ^ "Tropical storm Maria hits northern Japan, causes record rainfall and flight cancellations". The Times of India. August 12, 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on August 19, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  35. ^ Shimbun, The Yomiuri (August 12, 2024). "Japan PM Fumio Kishida Announces to Take All Possible Anti-Disaster Measures against Typhoon Maria". japannews.yomiuri.co.jp. Archived from the original on August 14, 2024. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
  36. ^ "Tropical Storm "Maria" makes landfall in Japan bringing record-breaking rainfall". The Watchers. August 12, 2024. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
[edit]
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