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| producer = G. Mac Brown<br />[[Scott Rudin]]<br />Suzanne Santry<br />[[Adam Schroeder]]
| producer = G. Mac Brown<br />[[Scott Rudin]]<br />Suzanne Santry<br />[[Adam Schroeder]]
| writer = [[Paul Rudnick]]
| writer = [[Paul Rudnick]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Kevin Kline]]
* [[Kevin Kline]]
* [[Joan Cusack]]
* [[Joan Cusack]]
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| editing = [[Daniel P. Hanley]]<br />[[John Jympson]]
| editing = [[Daniel P. Hanley]]<br />[[John Jympson]]
| studio = [[Spelling Films]]
| studio = [[Spelling Films]]
| distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]] (United States, France and United Kingdom){{efn|Co-distributed in the United Kingdom and France with [[United International Pictures]].<ref name="lum" />}}<br>Spelling Films (Overseas)
| distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|1997|9|19}}
| released = {{Film date|1997|9|19}}
| runtime = 92 minutes
| runtime = 92 minutes
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* William Parry as Fred Mooney
* William Parry as Fred Mooney
* [[William Duell]] as Emmett Wilson
* [[William Duell]] as Emmett Wilson
* [[Alice Drummond]] as Aunt Susie
* Richard Woods as Revered Morgan
* Richard Woods as Revered Morgan
* [[Kevin Chamberlin]] as Carl Mickley
* [[Kevin Chamberlin]] as Carl Mickley
Line 144: Line 145:


===Critical reception===
===Critical reception===
''In & Out'' was well received by critics. The performances were widely praised, especially Cusack,<ref name="movies.nytimes.com">{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/19/movies/film-review-yo-what-a-fabulous-window-treatment.html | title = Yo! What a Fabulous Window Treatment | date = September 19, 1997 | first= Janet |last=Maslin |author-link=Janet Maslin | work =[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> who earned an Oscar nod, and Kline.<ref name="Ebert">{{cite news|last1=Ebert |first1= Roger |date=September 19, 1997 |author-link=Roger Ebert |title= In & Out movie review & film summary (1997) |url= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/in-and-out-1997 |work= Chicago Sun-Times }}</ref> The film also gained attention for depicting homosexuality in a "mainstream" comedy about "Middle America,"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/09/26/out-3/ |date=1997-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526103458/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,289552,00.html |archive-date=2007-05-26 |url-status=live |title=In & Out |first=Lisa |last=Schwarzbaum |author-link=Lisa Schwarzbaum |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> which, Rita Kempley Howe wrote in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', "manages to simultaneously flaunt and flout [[gay stereotype]]s."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/inandoutkemp.htm |title=In & Out, Closet Encounters |date=September 19, 1997 |first=Rita |last=Kempley Howe |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Critics also noted its generally asexual treatment of homosexuality: [[Janet Maslin]] commented in ''[[The New York Times]]'' that the film is not one "to associate gayness with actual sex,"<ref name="movies.nytimes.com"/> while ''[[TV Guide]]'' quipped that it "finally gets discussion about gay people out of the bedroom and into the record store."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/in-and-out/review/2030009504/ |title=In & Out: Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213042233/http://movies.tvguide.com/out/132078 |archive-date=2013-12-13 |url-status=live |website=TV Guide}}</ref> Despite generally positive reviews, several critics, even those who were complimentary, felt that the ending was weak and did not live up to the rest of the film.<ref name="movies.nytimes.com"/><ref name="Ebert" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/inandouthowe.htm |title=In & Out's Half Empty Closet |first=Desson |last=Thomson |date=September 19, 1997 |author-link=Desson Thomson |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
''In & Out'' was well received by critics. The performances were widely praised, especially Cusack,<ref name="movies.nytimes.com">{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/19/movies/film-review-yo-what-a-fabulous-window-treatment.html | title = Yo! What a Fabulous Window Treatment | date = September 19, 1997 | first= Janet |last=Maslin |author-link=Janet Maslin | work =[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> who earned an Oscar nod, and Kline.<ref name="Ebert">{{cite news|last1=Ebert |first1= Roger |date=September 19, 1997 |author-link=Roger Ebert |title= In & Out movie review & film summary (1997) |url= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/in-and-out-1997 |work= Chicago Sun-Times }}</ref> The film also gained attention for depicting homosexuality in a "mainstream" comedy about "Middle America,"<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/09/26/out-3/ |date=1997-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526103458/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,289552,00.html |archive-date=2007-05-26 |url-status=live |title=In & Out |first=Lisa |last=Schwarzbaum |author-link=Lisa Schwarzbaum |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> which, Rita Kempley Howe wrote in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', "manages to simultaneously flaunt and flout [[gay stereotype]]s."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/inandoutkemp.htm |title=In & Out, Closet Encounters |date=September 19, 1997 |first=Rita |last=Kempley Howe |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Critics also noted its generally asexual treatment of homosexuality: [[Janet Maslin]] commented in ''[[The New York Times]]'' that the film is not one "to associate gayness with actual sex,"<ref name="movies.nytimes.com"/> while ''[[TV Guide]]'' quipped that it "finally gets discussion about gay people out of the bedroom and into the record store."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/in-and-out/review/2030009504/ |title=In & Out: Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213042233/http://movies.tvguide.com/out/132078 |archive-date=2013-12-13 |url-status=live |website=TV Guide}}</ref> Despite generally positive reviews, several critics, even those who were complimentary, felt that the ending was weak and did not live up to the rest of the film.<ref name="movies.nytimes.com"/><ref name="Ebert" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/inandouthowe.htm |title=In & Out's Half Empty Closet |first=Desson |last=Thomson |date=September 19, 1997 |author-link=Desson Thomson |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>


The film has a 75% approval rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10; the site's consensus states: "It doesn't always find comfortable ground between broad comedy and social commentary, but lively performances—especially from Kevin Kline and Joan Cusack—enrich ''In & Out''{{'}}s mixture of laughs and sexual tolerance."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/in_and_out/ | title = In & Out | website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=August 7, 2024 }}</ref> On [[Metacritic]] the film has a rating of 70 based on reviews from 18 critics.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.metacritic.com/movie/in-out/critic-reviews | title = In & Out | website = [[Metacritic]]}}</ref>
The film has a 75% approval rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10; the site's consensus states: "It doesn't always find comfortable ground between broad comedy and social commentary, but lively performances—especially from Kevin Kline and Joan Cusack—enrich ''In & Out''{{'}}s mixture of laughs and sexual tolerance."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/in_and_out/ | title = In & Out | website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=August 7, 2024 }}</ref> On [[Metacritic]] the film has a rating of 70 based on reviews from 18 critics.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.metacritic.com/movie/in-out/critic-reviews | title = In & Out | website = [[Metacritic]]}}</ref>
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| [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{nom}}
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://chicagofilmcritics.org/awards-blog/archives |title=1988-2013 Award Winner Archives |website=[[Chicago Film Critics Association]] |access-date=August 24, 2021}}</ref>
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://chicagofilmcritics.org/awards-blog/archives |title=1988-2013 Award Winner Archives |website=[[Chicago Film Critics Association]] |date=January 2013 |access-date=August 24, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Chlotrudis Society for Independent Film|Chlotrudis Awards]]
| [[Chlotrudis Society for Independent Film|Chlotrudis Awards]]
Line 290: Line 291:


===Home media===
===Home media===
''In & Out'' was released on Region 1 DVD on October 21, 1998.<ref name="Region1">{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/6305127670 |title=''In & Out'' |website=Amazon.com}}</ref> The release does not include any extras besides the theatrical trailer. The Region 2 DVD was released on April 9, 2001.<ref name="Region2">{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B000058E3M |title=''In & Out'' |website=Amazon.co.uk}}</ref> The film received a new 4K remaster and was released on Blu-ray on 1 June 2021 in the United States<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/In-and-Out-Blu-ray/133326/|title=In and Out Blu-ray|website=blu-ray.com}}</ref> and is currently available on iTunes in 4K with Dolby Vision HDR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In & Out on iTunes|date=19 September 1997|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/movie/in-out/id359055514|website=iTunes|language=en-US|access-date=2021-06-12}}</ref>
''In & Out'' was released on Region 1 DVD on October 21, 1998.<ref name="Region1">{{cite book|title=''In & Out'' |asin=6305127670 }}</ref> The release does not include any extras besides the theatrical trailer. The Region 2 DVD was released on April 9, 2001.<ref name="Region2">{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B000058E3M |title=''In & Out'' |website=Amazon.co.uk}}</ref> The film received a new 4K remaster and was released on Blu-ray on June 1, 2021 in the United States<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/In-and-Out-Blu-ray/133326/|title=In and Out Blu-ray|website=blu-ray.com}}</ref> and is currently available on iTunes in 4K with Dolby Vision HDR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In & Out on iTunes|date=19 September 1997|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/movie/in-out/id359055514|website=iTunes|language=en-US|access-date=2021-06-12}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[List of LGBT-related films]]
* [[List of LGBT-related films]]


==References==
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{wikiquote|In & Out}}
{{wikiquote|In & Out}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Allmovie title}}
* {{mojo title}}
* {{mojo title}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes}}
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[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1997 comedy films]]
[[Category:1997 comedy films]]
[[Category:American comedy films]]
[[Category:1997 LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:1997 LGBT-related films]]
[[Category:1990s American films]]
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[[Category:American LGBT-related films]]
[[Category:1990s English-language films]]
[[Category:1990s English-language films]]
[[Category:Films about anti-LGBT sentiment]]
[[Category:American comedy films]]
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[[Category:American LGBTQ-related films]]
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[[Category:Films about anti-LGBTQ sentiment]]
[[Category:Films about educators]]
[[Category:Films about educators]]
[[Category:Films about weddings in the United States]]
[[Category:Films about weddings in the United States]]
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[[Category:Homophobia in fiction]]
[[Category:Films directed by Frank Oz]]
[[Category:Films directed by Frank Oz]]
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[[Category:Films produced by Scott Rudin]]
[[Category:Films scored by Marc Shaiman]]
[[Category:Films set in 1997]]
[[Category:Films set in 1997]]
[[Category:Films set in Indiana]]
[[Category:Films set in Indiana]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Films shot in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Films shot in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Paul Rudnick]]
[[Category:Gay-related films]]
[[Category:Gay-related films]]
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[[Category:Homophobia in fiction]]
[[Category:LGBTQ-related comedy films]]
[[Category:LGBTQ-related comedy films]]
[[Category:Paramount Pictures films]]
[[Category:Paramount Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films produced by Scott Rudin]]
[[Category:Satellite Award–winning films]]
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[[Category:Films scored by Marc Shaiman]]
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[[Category:Films with screenplays by Paul Rudnick]]
[[Category:Spelling Films films]]
[[Category:Spelling Films films]]
[[Category:1990s American films]]

Latest revision as of 18:50, 25 December 2024

This article is about the film. For other uses, see In and out (disambiguation).
In & Out
Theatrical release poster
Directed byFrank Oz
Written byPaul Rudnick
Produced byG. Mac Brown
Scott Rudin
Suzanne Santry
Adam Schroeder
Starring
CinematographyRob Hahn
Edited byDaniel P. Hanley
John Jympson
Music byMarc Shaiman
Production
company
Distributed byParamount Pictures (United States, France and United Kingdom)[a]
Spelling Films (Overseas)
Release date
  • September 19, 1997 (1997-09-19)
Running time
92 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$35 million
Box office$63.9 million

In & Out is a 1997 American comedy film directed by Frank Oz, written by Paul Rudnick, and starring Kevin Kline, Tom Selleck, Joan Cusack, Matt Dillon, Debbie Reynolds, Bob Newhart, Shalom Harlow, and Wilford Brimley. Cusack was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. [2]

The film was inspired by Tom Hanks's tearful speech when he accepted his 1994 Oscar (for his role in Philadelphia), in which he mentioned his high-school drama coach Rawley Farnsworth, and his former classmate John Gilkerson, "two of the finest gay Americans, two wonderful men that I had the good fortune to be associated with."[3] The film became one of mainstream Hollywood's first few attempts at a comedic "gay movie" of its era, and was widely noted at the time for a 12-second kiss between Kevin Kline and Tom Selleck.

Plot

[edit]

Howard Brackett is a well-liked English literature teacher, living a quiet life in the fictional town of Greenleaf, Indiana, with his fiancée and fellow teacher Emily Montgomery, who has low self-esteem and recently lost weight for the wedding.

The town is filled with anticipation over the nomination of Howard's former student Cameron Drake in the Best Actor category at the Academy Awards for his portrayal of a gay soldier in To Serve and Protect. Cameron wins, and in his acceptance speech he thanks Howard, dedicating the award to him, finishing his speech with "and he's gay".

Howard's family, friends, students, co-workers and Emily are shocked, but that is nothing compared to Howard's own reaction of disbelief and indignation. He angrily reassures those who know him that he is heterosexual. Reporters invade his hometown and harass him for interviews following the awards night telecast. Howard is placed under the scrutiny of his boss, Principal Tom Halliwell, who is uncomfortable with the attention being brought to the school.

Although the other reporters leave after getting their story, one stays behind: on-camera entertainment reporter Peter Malloy, who wants to wait the week out so he can cover Howard's wedding to Emily. Howard confesses to a priest who recommends he sleep with Emily in order to prove his heterosexuality. Howard finds he cannot go through with it due to his conflicting emotions and Emily's concern for his well-being.

Howard crosses paths with Peter, who reveals that he is gay. Peter narrates his own experience in coming out to his family. Howard insists that he is not gay, prompting Peter to kiss him. Although shocked, he reacts somewhat positively to the kiss.

Howard's final measure to restore his heterosexuality is the use of a self-help audio cassette, although that fails as well. During the wedding ceremony, Emily recites her vow without hesitation, but when Howard is prompted by the minister, he finally comes out as gay. The wedding is called off, and although Peter is proud of him, Howard is angry with himself for hurting Emily.

Howard is fired from the school because of his coming out. Despite no longer being on the faculty, he is allowed to attend the graduation ceremony to support his students and sits on stage with his former co-workers. Having learned of the ensuing media blitz while in Los Angeles, Cameron flies to his hometown with his supermodel girlfriend and shows up at the ceremony.

When Cameron learns that his former teacher became ineligible for the "Teacher of the Year" award due to being dismissed for being gay, he publicly questions if the reason given, that the community would not have supported Howard's continued employment, is valid. Spurred on by this, when one student who got into college—thanks to Howard's hard work—proclaims himself to be gay, his classmates join him to proclaim themselves to be gay as well, showing their support. Howard's family follows suit, as do his friends, and all the townsfolk assembled. Although Howard does not win "Teacher of the Year", Cameron presents him with his Oscar to the cheers of the crowd.

Howard's wedding-crazy mother finally gets a wedding—her own, when she and her husband renew their vows. Howard, Peter and the rest of the townsfolk attend the reception. Among the crowd are Emily and Cameron, who appear to have begun a relationship. Everyone dances to the Village People song "Macho Man".

Cast

[edit]

Production

[edit]

According to Frank Oz, production had to be stopped temporarily because "we all got sick...because we all got the flu."[4] Oz and Wilford Brimley reportedly did not get along during production; however neither of them have ever elaborated on what caused the friction between the two.[5][6]

Selected for its "beautiful auditorium, a great gymnasium" and other aesthetic qualities, the Pompton Lakes High School in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey was used extensively as a filming location for In & Out.[7]

Some filming was done in Northport, New York, located on the north shore of Long Island in Suffolk County.[8]

Soundtrack

[edit]
In & Out Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by
Various Artists / Marc Shaiman
ReleasedSeptember 23, 1997
GenreSoundtrack
LabelMotown

At first, Frank Oz asked Miles Goodman to do the music for In & Out. Goodman, who composed several of Oz's previous films, died before he could do so.[4]

A soundtrack was released on Tuesday, September 23, 1997, featuring previously recorded songs as well as Marc Shaiman's instrumental music composed for the film.

  1. "I Will Survive" - Diana Ross
  2. "Wedding Preparations" (instrumental)
  3. "Everything's Coming up Roses" - Ethel Merman
  4. "'To Serve and Protect'" (instrumental)
  5. "Howard Is Outed" (instrumental)
  6. "The Morning After" (instrumental)
  7. "The Bachelor Party" (instrumental)
  8. "Interviews with Townsfolk" (instrumental)
  9. "Homosection" (instrumental)
  10. "I Don't" (instrumental)
  11. "Mom & Dad" (instrumental)
  12. "Cameron & Emily" (instrumental)
  13. "Crazy" - Patsy Cline
  14. "Teacher of the Year/People/The Wedding" (instrumental)
  15. "Macho Man" - Village People

Release

[edit]

Critical reception

[edit]

In & Out was well received by critics. The performances were widely praised, especially Cusack,[9] who earned an Oscar nod, and Kline.[10] The film also gained attention for depicting homosexuality in a "mainstream" comedy about "Middle America,"[11] which, Rita Kempley Howe wrote in The Washington Post, "manages to simultaneously flaunt and flout gay stereotypes."[12] Critics also noted its generally asexual treatment of homosexuality: Janet Maslin commented in The New York Times that the film is not one "to associate gayness with actual sex,"[9] while TV Guide quipped that it "finally gets discussion about gay people out of the bedroom and into the record store."[13] Despite generally positive reviews, several critics, even those who were complimentary, felt that the ending was weak and did not live up to the rest of the film.[9][10][14]

The film has a 75% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10; the site's consensus states: "It doesn't always find comfortable ground between broad comedy and social commentary, but lively performances—especially from Kevin Kline and Joan Cusack—enrich In & Out's mixture of laughs and sexual tolerance."[15] On Metacritic the film has a rating of 70 based on reviews from 18 critics.[16]

Accolades

[edit]
Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
20/20 Awards Best Actress in a Supporting Role Joan Cusack Nominated
Academy Awards Best Supporting Actress Nominated [17]
American Comedy Awards Funniest Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Won
Artios Awards Best Casting for Feature Film – Comedy Margery Simkin Nominated [18]
Awards Circuit Community Awards Best Actress in a Supporting Role Joan Cusack Nominated
Blockbuster Entertainment Awards Favorite Actor – Comedy Kevin Kline Nominated [19]
Favorite Actress – Comedy Joan Cusack Nominated
Favorite Supporting Actor – Comedy Tom Selleck Nominated
Favorite Supporting Actress – Comedy Debbie Reynolds Nominated
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards Best Supporting Actress Joan Cusack 2nd Place [20]
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Best Supporting Actress Nominated [21]
Chlotrudis Awards Best Supporting Actress Won [22]
Critics' Choice Awards Best Supporting Actress Won [23]
GLAAD Media Awards Outstanding Film – Wide Release Won [24]
Golden Globe Awards Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Kevin Kline Nominated [25]
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Joan Cusack Nominated
MTV Movie Awards Best Kiss Kevin Kline and Tom Selleck Nominated [26]
New York Film Critics Circle Awards Best Supporting Actress Joan Cusack Won [27]
Online Film & Television Association Awards Best Comedy/Musical Actor Kevin Kline Nominated [28]
Best Comedy/Musical Actress Joan Cusack Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Nominated
Satellite Awards Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Nominated [29]
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Kevin Kline Nominated
Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Joan Cusack Won
Society of Texas Film Critics Awards Best Supporting Actress Won [30]

American Film Institute recognition:

Box office

[edit]

The film did well at the box office, grossing $15,019,821 in its opening weekend and $63,856,929 over its entire theatrical run.[32]

Home media

[edit]

In & Out was released on Region 1 DVD on October 21, 1998.[33] The release does not include any extras besides the theatrical trailer. The Region 2 DVD was released on April 9, 2001.[34] The film received a new 4K remaster and was released on Blu-ray on June 1, 2021 in the United States[35] and is currently available on iTunes in 4K with Dolby Vision HDR.[36]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Co-distributed in the United Kingdom and France with United International Pictures.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference lum was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Garner, Chris (March 24, 1998). "A 'Titanic' winner". Gannett News Service. Iowa City Press-Citizen. p. 17. Archived from the original on May 6, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  3. ^ "Be True to Your School". People. April 11, 1994. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Plume, Kenneth (February 10, 2000). "Interview with Frank Oz (Part 3 of 4)". IGN. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  5. ^ Rossen, Jake (September 27, 2018). "10 Hearty Facts About Wilford Brimley". Mental Floss. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  6. ^ Clark, John (August 12, 2007). "Frank Oz and that little voice inside". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2015. Also in the guts-hating category are Wilford Brimley (with whom Oz crossed swords on "In & Out")...
  7. ^ "Pompton Lakes Remembers When Debbie Reynolds Came To Town". Teaneck Daily Voice. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  8. ^ Wait, Brittany (September 7, 2013). "Northport diner started as dining car, ended up in movie 'In & Out'". Newsday.
  9. ^ a b c Maslin, Janet (September 19, 1997). "Yo! What a Fabulous Window Treatment". The New York Times.
  10. ^ a b Ebert, Roger (September 19, 1997). "In & Out movie review & film summary (1997)". Chicago Sun-Times.
  11. ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (September 26, 1997). "In & Out". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 26, 2007.
  12. ^ Kempley Howe, Rita (September 19, 1997). "In & Out, Closet Encounters". The Washington Post.
  13. ^ "In & Out: Review". TV Guide. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013.
  14. ^ Thomson, Desson (September 19, 1997). "In & Out's Half Empty Closet". The Washington Post.
  15. ^ "In & Out". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  16. ^ "In & Out". Metacritic.
  17. ^ "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
  18. ^ "Nominees/Winners". Casting Society of America. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  19. ^ "Blockbuster Entertainment Awards Nominees Announced". Blockbuster Entertainment. December 17, 1997. Archived from the original on February 14, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2018 – via PR Newswire.
  20. ^ "BSFC Winners: 1990s". Boston Society of Film Critics. July 27, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  21. ^ "1988-2013 Award Winner Archives". Chicago Film Critics Association. January 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  22. ^ "4th Annual Chlotrudis Awards". Chlotrudis Society for Independent Films. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  23. ^ "The BFCA Critics' Choice Awards :: 1997". Broadcast Film Critics Association. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  24. ^ "'Wedding,' 'Ellen' vie for GLAAD nods". Variety. January 22, 1998. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
  25. ^ "In & Out – Golden Globes". HFPA. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  26. ^ "1998 MTV Movie Awards". MTV. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
  27. ^ "1997 New York Film Critics Circle Awards". New York Film Critics Circle. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  28. ^ "2nd Annual Film Awards (1997)". Online Film & Television Association. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  29. ^ "1998 Satellite Awards". Satellite Awards. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  30. ^ "Texas Critics Honor "The Sweet Hereafter" as Best Picture". IndieWire. January 5, 1998. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
  31. ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs Nominees" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  32. ^ "In & Out". Box Office Mojo.
  33. ^ In & Out. ASIN 6305127670.
  34. ^ "In & Out". Amazon.co.uk.
  35. ^ "In and Out Blu-ray". blu-ray.com.
  36. ^ "In & Out on iTunes". iTunes. September 19, 1997. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
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