New Melilla: Difference between revisions

New Melilla

Melilla La Nueva
New Melilla Melilla La Nueva
Ensanche
Country	Spain
Autonomous City	Melilla
Modernist expansion	1901

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New Melilla or Ensanche de Melilla is the widening of the Spanish city of Melilla that emerged in the 19th century, but especially during the 20th century.^[1]^[2]

History

From the end of the 19th century, a period of splendour began in Melilla, which created a modern city, and after Barcelona, the Spanish city with the greatest representation of modernist art, as well as the greatest representation of modernism in Africa.^[3]^[4]

There are more than a thousand listed buildings that form part of the Historic-Artistic Complex of the City of Melilla, a Bien de Interés Cultural, and are spread throughout the central expansion and its neighbourhoods. Many of them are projects by an architect from the Barcelona School based in Melilla, Enrique Nieto, who produced a very extensive modernist work, as a follower of the architect Lluis Domènech i Montaner. His floral modernist buildings stand out. Other modernist authors in Melilla were Emilio Alzugaray Goicoechea and Tomás Moreno Lázaro. In the 1930s, Art Deco took hold in Melilla's architecture, and architects such as Francisco Hernanz Martínez or Lorenzo Ros Costa created spectacular buildings in the city's neighbourhoods.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Exterior forts

Fuerte de Camellos
Fortín de Reina Regente
Fuerte de Cabrerizas Altas
Fuerte de Rostrogordo

They are a set of fortifications, forts not connected to each other and at a considerable distance from each other, built in the second half of the 19th century in a neo-medieval style that is rather more graceful than threatening, overflowing with a beauty that in some cases, when painted in bright colours, such as orange, makes one forget their defensive function, they seem more like elements of games and fun than defensive structures.

They are built with local stone for the walls and bricks for the arches and vaults, with obsolete fortification techniques, incapable of facing modern artillery, since the Riffian Kabyles, the enemy from which they had to defend Melilla, did not have artillery.

Historicisms

Almost all public buildings, places of worship.

Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
Military Chapel
Former College of Good Counsel
Gaselec Building
Central Mosque
Bombillo Fountain
House of Crystals

Eclecticisms

Metropol Building
Grupo de Escuelas Mixtas Alfonso XIII
Melilla Port Authority Building
Estación sanitaria del Puerto de Melilla (Former health station of the Port of Melilla)
Carmen Balaca's House
Headquarters of the Civil Society La Constructora
Polígono Market
Polígono Market

The eclectic is another based on mixing elements, alternating them and increasing the ornamentation, with greater richness of wrought iron and the appearance of flying cornices, highlighting Droctoveo Castañón, house of Carmen Balaca and headquarters of the North African Company and José de la Gándara, the Mixed Schools Group, current headquarters of the Department of Economy and Finance of the Autonomous City of Melilla, the Metropol building, the Melilla Port Authority building and the Polígono market.

Modernism

Enrique Nieto He is the introducer of modernism in Melilla. Although what best defines Melilla architecture is modernism, a true continuation of the Rococo, with a very rich ornamentation, of infinite and suggestive forms and varied colours.^[9]

Former editorial office of El Telegrama del Rif
Official Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation
Furniture La Reconquista
Former Military Commissary
Former Reconquista Department Store
David J. Melul House
House of Jose Zea and Manuel Alvadalejo
House of Jose Garcia Alvaro
House of Juan Montes Hoyo

Emilio Alzugaray

College of the Brothers of the Christian Schools
House of Solomon Cohen
Casa de las Fieras (Melilla) (House of Beasts)
House of Jose Morely
Samuel Salama's Widow's House

Art Deco

Monumental Cinema Sport

His masterpiece is the Monumental Cinema Sport (1930–1932).

Enrique Nieto

Palace of the Assembly
Red Building
Enrique Nieto's House
Carcaño's House
Rafael Rico Albert's House
Real Market

Francisco Hernanz

On the other hand, Francisco Hernanz who created zigzag works such as the House of Jacinto García Marfil, (1932), developed the aerodynamic art deco, with sober lines and almost no decoration, such as the House of Luis Raya (1935), the House of Abraham Benatar, the House of Bertila Seoane and the House of Parres.^[10]

Rationalism

Bank of Spain building
Post Office Building in Melilla
Amram J. Wahnon House
Cervantes Street, 4

Industrial architecture

Mineral Bridge
CEMR Viaduct
CEMR mineral warehouses
CEMR mineral loading dock
CEMR mineral loading dock

Modern architecture

V Centenario Towers
Chacel Building

Municipal Cemetery of the Immaculate Conception

Margallo Pantheon
Pantheon of Heroes
Pantheon of Heroes
Regular Pantheon number 5

It is the main cemetery of the Spanish city of Melilla. It is located in the Plaza del Cementerio, at the end of the Cañada del Agua. Its construction began in 1890, under the project of the commander of engineers Eligio Suza and contracted by Manuel Fernández, and was inaugurated on January 1, 1892, and blessed by the vicar Juan Verdejo.

Sculptural elements

Monument to the Heroes of Taxdirt
Monument to the Heroes and Martyrs of the Campaigns
Monument to the Heroes of Spain
Monument to Pedro de Estopiñán and Virués
Statue of Legion Commander Francisco Franco Bahamonde
Encuentros
Tribute to Fernando Arrabal
Tribute to Melilla Modernism

Squares

Plaza de España.
Plaza Menéndez Pelayo

Parks

Hernandez Park

It is the most important park in Melilla, it was built in 1902 in the shape of a trapezoid according to the design of the engineer Vicente García del Campo, and is located in the Plaza de España

Lobera Park

It is named after its founder Cándido Lobera Girela, who, as president of the Board of Arbitration, created this park to prevent the construction of barracks on his land.

Juan Carlos I Rey Forest Park

Agustin Jerez Park

References

^ Bravo Nieto, Antonio (2008). Modernismo y art decó en la arquitectura de Melilla (Ediciones Bellaterra-UNED Melilla ed.). Barcelona : [Melilla]: Edicions Bellaterra ; UNED-Melilla. ISBN 978-84-7290-428-6. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ Bravo Nieto, Antonio (2002). Melilla: guía histórico, artística y turística de Melilla (1a. ed.). León, España: Everest. ISBN 84-241-9300-8. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ "Conjunto del Ensanche Modernista de Melilla". Melilla Monumental (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ Costa, Tania (2 March 2023). "Fondo archivístico del mes: Memoria para el ensanche de Melilla. El nacimiento de una ciudad". El Faro de Melilla (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ Gallego Aranda, Salvador (1996). Enrique Nieto en Melilla: la ciudad proyectada. Granada: Servicio de Publ. de la Univ. de Granada. ISBN 9788433822611. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ Bravo Nieto, Antonio (1996). La construcción de una ciudad europea en el contexto norteafricano: arquitectos e ingenieros en la Melilla contemporánea (1. ed.). Melilla: Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publ. [u.a.] ISBN 84-87291-68-6. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ Bravo Nieto, Antonio (1997). La ciudad de Melilla y su autores: diccionario biográfico de arquitectos e ingenieros (finales del siglo XIX y primera mitad del XX) (1. ed.). Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla: Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publicaciones. ISBN 84-87291-81-3. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ Gallego Aranda, Salvador; Nieto, Enrique (2010). Enrique Nieto: un paseo por su arquitectura. Melilla: Fundación Melilla Ciudad Monumental. ISBN 978-84-96101-89-0. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ "Melilla". Turismo Melilla (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ "Una exposición ensalza el proyecto de ensanche de las fortificaciones de Melilla del ingeniero militar Francisco Roldán y Vizcaíno - MelillaHoy". Melilla Hoy (in Spanish). 2 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[1] Bravo Nieto, Antonio (2008). Modernismo y art decó en la arquitectura de Melilla (Ediciones Bellaterra-UNED Melilla ed.). Barcelona : [Melilla]: Edicions Bellaterra ; UNED-Melilla. ISBN 978-84-7290-428-6. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[2] Bravo Nieto, Antonio (2002). Melilla: guía histórico, artística y turística de Melilla (1a. ed.). León, España: Everest. ISBN 84-241-9300-8. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[3] "Conjunto del Ensanche Modernista de Melilla". Melilla Monumental (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[4] Costa, Tania (2 March 2023). "Fondo archivístico del mes: Memoria para el ensanche de Melilla. El nacimiento de una ciudad". El Faro de Melilla (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[5] Gallego Aranda, Salvador (1996). Enrique Nieto en Melilla: la ciudad proyectada. Granada: Servicio de Publ. de la Univ. de Granada. ISBN 9788433822611. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[6] Bravo Nieto, Antonio (1996). La construcción de una ciudad europea en el contexto norteafricano: arquitectos e ingenieros en la Melilla contemporánea (1. ed.). Melilla: Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publ. [u.a.] ISBN 84-87291-68-6. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[7] Bravo Nieto, Antonio (1997). La ciudad de Melilla y su autores: diccionario biográfico de arquitectos e ingenieros (finales del siglo XIX y primera mitad del XX) (1. ed.). Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla: Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publicaciones. ISBN 84-87291-81-3. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[8] Gallego Aranda, Salvador; Nieto, Enrique (2010). Enrique Nieto: un paseo por su arquitectura. Melilla: Fundación Melilla Ciudad Monumental. ISBN 978-84-96101-89-0. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[9] "Melilla". Turismo Melilla (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[10] "Una exposición ensalza el proyecto de ensanche de las fortificaciones de Melilla del ingeniero militar Francisco Roldán y Vizcaíno - MelillaHoy". Melilla Hoy (in Spanish). 2 October 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

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[2]

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[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

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[9]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Rough translation|1=Spanish|listed=yes|date=November 2024}}
 {{Infobox settlement
 <!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
@@ Line 9: / Line 10: @@
  | nickname                 =
  | etymology                =
- | settlement_type          = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous City]]
+ | settlement_type          = [[Ensanche]]
  | total_type               = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
  | motto                    =
@@ Line 34: / Line 35: @@
  | pushpin_label_position   = left
  | pushpin_label            =
  | pushpin_map_caption      =
 <!-- Location ------------->
@@ Line 70: / Line 71: @@
 }}
-'''New Melilla''' or Ensanche de Melilla is the expansion of the Spanish city of [[Melilla]] that emerged in the 19th century, but especially during the 20th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bravo Nieto |first1=Antonio |title=Modernismo y art decó en la arquitectura de Melilla |date=2008 |publisher=Edicions Bellaterra ; UNED-Melilla |location=Barcelona : [Melilla] |isbn=978-84-7290-428-6 |edition=Ediciones Bellaterra-UNED Melilla |access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bravo Nieto |first1=Antonio |title=Melilla: guía histórico, artística y turística de Melilla |date=2002 |publisher=Everest |location=León, España |isbn=84-241-9300-8 |edition=1a. |access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref>
+'''New Melilla''' or Ensanche de Melilla is the widening of the Spanish city of [[Melilla]] that emerged in the 19th century, but especially during the 20th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bravo Nieto |first1=Antonio |title=Modernismo y art decó en la arquitectura de Melilla |date=2008 |publisher=Edicions Bellaterra ; UNED-Melilla |location=Barcelona : [Melilla] |isbn=978-84-7290-428-6 |edition=Ediciones Bellaterra-UNED Melilla |access-date=30 September 2024|url= https://www.laretrografia.com/tienda/libro-antiguo-siglo-xxi-2008-modernismo-y-art-deco-en-la-arquitectura-de-melilla-de-antonio-bravo-nieto/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bravo Nieto |first1=Antonio |title=Melilla: guía histórico, artística y turística de Melilla |date=2002 |publisher=Everest |location=León, España |isbn=84-241-9300-8 |edition=1a. |access-date=30 September 2024|url= https://www.laretrografia.com/tienda/libro-antiguo-siglo-xxi-2008-modernismo-y-art-deco-en-la-arquitectura-de-melilla-de-antonio-bravo-nieto/}}</ref>
 ==History==
-From the end of the 19th century, a period of splendour began in Melilla, which created a modern city, and after [[Barcelona]], the Spanish city with the greatest representation of [[modernist]] art, as well as the greatest representation of modernism in Africa.
+From the end of the 19th century, a period of splendour began in Melilla, which created a modern city, and after [[Barcelona]], the Spanish city with the greatest representation of [[modernist]] art, as well as the greatest representation of modernism in Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Conjunto del Ensanche Modernista de Melilla |url=https://melillamonumental.es/conjuntos-y-propuestas-de-recorridos/conjunto-del-ensanche-modernista-de-melilla/ |website=Melilla Monumental |access-date=30 September 2024 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Costa |first1=Tania |title=Fondo archivístico del mes: Memoria para el ensanche de Melilla. El nacimiento de una ciudad |url=https://elfarodemelilla.es/fondo-archivistico-del-mes-memoria-para-el-ensanche-de-melilla-el-nacimiento-de-una-ciudad/ |website=El Faro de Melilla |access-date=30 September 2024 |language=es |date=2 March 2023}}</ref>
-There are more than a thousand listed buildings that form part of the '''Historic-Artistic Complex of the City of Melilla''', a [[Bien de Interés Cultural]], and are spread throughout the central expansion and its neighbourhoods. Many of them are projects by an architect from the Barcelona School based in Melilla, [[Enrique Nieto y Nieto]], who produced a very extensive modernist work, as a follower of the architect [[Lluis Domènech i Montaner]]. His floral modernist buildings stand out. Other modernist authors in Melilla were [[Emilio Alzugaray Goicoechea]] and [[Tomás Moreno Lázaro]]. In the 1930s, [[Art Deco]] took hold in Melilla's architecture, and architects such as [[Francisco Hernanz Martínez]] or [[Lorenzo Ros Costa]] created spectacular buildings in the city's neighbourhoods.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gallego Aranda |first1=Salvador |title=Enrique Nieto en Melilla: la ciudad proyectada |date=1996 |publisher=Servicio de Publ. de la Univ. de Granada |location=Granada |isbn=9788433822611 |access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bravo Nieto |first1=Antonio |title=La construcción de una ciudad europea en el contexto norteafricano: arquitectos e ingenieros en la Melilla contemporánea |date=1996 |publisher=Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publ. [u.a.] |location=Melilla |isbn=84-87291-68-6 |edition=1. |access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bravo Nieto |first1=Antonio |title=La ciudad de Melilla y su autores: diccionario biográfico de arquitectos e ingenieros (finales del siglo XIX y primera mitad del XX) |date=1997 |publisher=Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publicaciones |location=Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla |isbn=84-87291-81-3 |edition=1. |access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gallego Aranda |first1=Salvador |last2=Nieto |first2=Enrique |title=Enrique Nieto: un paseo por su arquitectura |date=2010 |publisher=Fundación Melilla Ciudad Monumental |location=Melilla |isbn=978-84-96101-89-0 |access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref>
+There are more than a thousand listed buildings that form part of the '''Historic-Artistic Complex of the City of Melilla''', a [[Bien de Interés Cultural]], and are spread throughout the central expansion and its neighbourhoods. Many of them are projects by an architect from the Barcelona School based in Melilla, [[Enrique Nieto (architect)|Enrique Nieto]], who produced a very extensive modernist work, as a follower of the architect '''Lluis Domènech i Montaner'''. His floral modernist buildings stand out. Other modernist authors in Melilla were '''Emilio Alzugaray Goicoechea''' and '''Tomás Moreno Lázaro'''. In the 1930s, [[Art Deco]] took hold in Melilla's architecture, and architects such as '''Francisco Hernanz Martínez''' or '''Lorenzo Ros Costa''' created spectacular buildings in the city's neighbourhoods.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gallego Aranda |first1=Salvador |title=Enrique Nieto en Melilla: la ciudad proyectada |date=1996 |publisher=Servicio de Publ. de la Univ. de Granada |location=Granada |isbn=9788433822611 |access-date=30 September 2024|url= https://www.laretrografia.com/tienda/libro-antiguo-siglo-xxi-2008-modernismo-y-art-deco-en-la-arquitectura-de-melilla-de-antonio-bravo-nieto/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bravo Nieto |first1=Antonio |title=La construcción de una ciudad europea en el contexto norteafricano: arquitectos e ingenieros en la Melilla contemporánea |date=1996 |publisher=Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publ. [u.a.] |location=Melilla |isbn=84-87291-68-6 |edition=1. |access-date=30 September 2024|url= https://www.laretrografia.com/tienda/libro-antiguo-siglo-xxi-2008-modernismo-y-art-deco-en-la-arquitectura-de-melilla-de-antonio-bravo-nieto/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bravo Nieto |first1=Antonio |title=La ciudad de Melilla y su autores: diccionario biográfico de arquitectos e ingenieros (finales del siglo XIX y primera mitad del XX) |date=1997 |publisher=Consejería de Cultura, Educación, Juventud y Deporte, Servicio de Publicaciones |location=Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla |isbn=84-87291-81-3 |edition=1. |access-date=30 September 2024|url= https://www.laretrografia.com/tienda/libro-antiguo-siglo-xxi-2008-modernismo-y-art-deco-en-la-arquitectura-de-melilla-de-antonio-bravo-nieto/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gallego Aranda |first1=Salvador |last2=Nieto |first2=Enrique |title=Enrique Nieto: un paseo por su arquitectura |date=2010 |publisher=Fundación Melilla Ciudad Monumental |location=Melilla |isbn=978-84-96101-89-0 |access-date=30 September 2024|url= https://www.laretrografia.com/tienda/libro-antiguo-siglo-xxi-2008-modernismo-y-art-deco-en-la-arquitectura-de-melilla-de-antonio-bravo-nieto/}}</ref>
 ==Exterior forts==
 <gallery>
-File:Fuerte de Camellos, Melilla 7.jpg|[[Fuerte de Camellos]]
+File:Fuerte de Camellos, Melilla 7.jpg|Fuerte de Camellos
-File:Fortín de Reina Regente 7.jpg| [[Fortín de Reina Regente]]
+File:Fortín de Reina Regente 7.jpg| Fortín de Reina Regente
-File:Fuerte de Cabrerizas Altas, Nevada del 2005 (2) (7085316031).jpg|[[Fuerte de Cabrerizas Altas]]
+File:Fuerte de Cabrerizas Altas, Nevada del 2005 (2) (7085316031).jpg|Fuerte de Cabrerizas Altas
-File:Fuerte de Rostrogordo.jpg|[[Fuerte de Rostrogordo]]
+File:Fuerte de Rostrogordo.jpg|Fuerte de Rostrogordo
 </gallery>
-They are a set of fortifications, [[fort]]s not connected to each other and at a considerable distance from each other, built in the second half of the 19th century in a [[neo-medieval]] style that is rather more graceful than threatening, overflowing with a beauty that in some cases, when painted in bright colours, such as orange, makes one forget their defensive function, they seem more like elements of games and fun than defensive structures.
+They are a set of fortifications, [[fort]]s not connected to each other and at a considerable distance from each other, built in the second half of the 19th century in a [[Medieval revival architecture|neo-medieval]] style that is rather more graceful than threatening, overflowing with a beauty that in some cases, when painted in bright colours, such as orange, makes one forget their defensive function, they seem more like elements of games and fun than defensive structures.
-They are built with local stone for the walls and bricks for the arches and vaults, with obsolete fortification techniques, incapable of facing modern artillery, since the [[Riffian Kabyles]], the enemy from which they had to defend Melilla, did not have artillery.
+They are built with local stone for the walls and bricks for the arches and vaults, with obsolete fortification techniques, incapable of facing modern artillery, since the '''Riffian Kabyles''', the enemy from which they had to defend Melilla, did not have artillery.
 == Historicisms ==
@@ Line 95: / Line 96: @@
 <gallery>
-File:Iglesiasagradocorazon.jpg|[[Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús (Melilla)|Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus]]
+File:Iglesiasagradocorazon.jpg|Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
-File:Melilla en abril de 2014 05.jpg|[[Military Chapel]]
+File:Melilla en abril de 2014 05.jpg|Military Chapel
-Uned- melilla.jpg|[[Former College of Good Counsel]]
+Uned- melilla.jpg|Former College of Good Counsel
-File:Edificio en calle Cándido Lobera. Arquitecto Mauricio Jalvo (1930). Melilla (España). Estilo Historicista.jpg|[[Gaselec Building]]
+File:Edificio en calle Cándido Lobera. Arquitecto Mauricio Jalvo (1930). Melilla (España). Estilo Historicista.jpg|Gaselec Building
-File:Mezquita central melilla.jpg|[[Central Mosque]]
+File:Mezquita central melilla.jpg|Central Mosque
-FUENTE DEL BOMBILLO.jpg| [[Bombillo Fountain]]
+FUENTE DEL BOMBILLO.jpg| Bombillo Fountain
-File:CASA DE LOS CRISTALES.jpg|[[House of Crystals]]
+File:CASA DE LOS CRISTALES.jpg|House of Crystals
 </gallery>
@@ Line 107: / Line 108: @@
 <gallery>
-File:Edificio Metropol2.jpg|[[Metropol Building]]
+File:Edificio Metropol2.jpg|Metropol Building
-File:Antiguo Hospital de la Cruz Roja.jpg|[[Grupo de Escuelas Mixtas Alfonso XIII]]
+File:Antiguo Hospital de la Cruz Roja.jpg|Grupo de Escuelas Mixtas Alfonso XIII
-File:Edificio Autoridad Portuaria (Melilla).jpg|[[Melilla Port Authority Building]]
+File:Edificio Autoridad Portuaria (Melilla).jpg|Melilla Port Authority Building
-File:CLUB MARÍTIMO (MELILLA).jpg|[[Estación sanitaria del Puerto de Melilla|Former health station of the Port of Melilla]]
+File:CLUB MARÍTIMO (MELILLA).jpg|Estación sanitaria del Puerto de Melilla (Former health station of the Port of Melilla)
-File:Casa de Carmen Balaca, Melilla.jpg|[[Carmen Balaca's House]]
+File:Casa de Carmen Balaca, Melilla.jpg|Carmen Balaca's House
-File:La Constructora.jpg|[[Headquarters of the Civil Society La Constructora]]
+File:La Constructora.jpg|Headquarters of the Civil Society La Constructora
-File:Mercado del Polígono .jpg|[[Polígono Market]]
+File:Mercado del Polígono .jpg|Polígono Market
-File:Mercado Central2.jpg|[[Polígono Market]]
+File:Mercado Central2.jpg|Polígono Market
 </gallery>
-The [[eclectic]] is another based on mixing elements, alternating them and increasing the ornamentation, with greater richness of wrought iron and the appearance of flying cornices, highlighting [[Droctoveo Castañón]], [[house of Carmen Balaca]] and [[headquarters of the North African Company]] and [[José de la Gándara]], the [[Mixed Schools Group]], current headquarters of the [[Department of Economy and Finance of the Autonomous City of Melilla]], the [[Metropol building]], the [[Melilla Port Authority building]] and the [[Polígono market]].
+The [[Eclecticism in architecture|eclectic]] is another based on mixing elements, alternating them and increasing the ornamentation, with greater richness of wrought iron and the appearance of flying cornices, highlighting '''Droctoveo Castañón''', house of Carmen Balaca and headquarters of the North African Company and '''José de la Gándara''', the Mixed Schools Group, current headquarters of the Department of Economy and Finance of the Autonomous City of Melilla, the Metropol building, the Melilla Port Authority building and the Polígono market.
 ==Modernism==
 '''Enrique Nieto'''
-He is the introducer of modernism in [[Melilla]]. Although what best defines Melilla architecture is modernism, a true continuation of the [[Rococo]], with a very rich ornamentation, of infinite and suggestive forms and varied colours.
+He is the introducer of modernism in [[Melilla]]. Although what best defines Melilla architecture is modernism, a true continuation of the [[Rococo]], with a very rich ornamentation, of infinite and suggestive forms and varied colours.<ref>{{cite web |title=Melilla |url=https://melillaturismo.com/melilla/ |website=Turismo Melilla |access-date=30 September 2024 |language=es}}</ref>
 <gallery>
-File:EDIFICIO DEL ANTIGÜA REDACCIÓN EL TELEGRAMA DEL RIF.jpg|[[Former editorial office of El Telegrama del Rif]]
+File:EDIFICIO DEL ANTIGÜA REDACCIÓN EL TELEGRAMA DEL RIF.jpg|Former editorial office of El Telegrama del Rif
-File:CAMARA DE COMERCIO MELILLA.jpg|[[Official Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation]]
+File:CAMARA DE COMERCIO MELILLA.jpg|Official Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation
-File:EDIFICIO MUEBLES LA RECONQUISTA.jpg|[[Furniture La Reconquista]]
+File:EDIFICIO MUEBLES LA RECONQUISTA.jpg|Furniture La Reconquista
-File:Economato Militar.jpg|[[Former Military Commissary]]
+File:Economato Militar.jpg|Former Military Commissary
-File:Grandes Almacenes La Reconquista, Melilla 7.jpg|[[Former Reconquista Department Store]]
+File:Grandes Almacenes La Reconquista, Melilla 7.jpg|Former Reconquista Department Store
-File:Melul2.jpg|[[David J. Melul House]]
+File:Melul2.jpg|David J. Melul House
-File:Casa de José Zea y Manuel Alvadalejo.jpg|[[House of Jose Zea and Manuel Alvadalejo]]
+File:Casa de José Zea y Manuel Alvadalejo.jpg|House of Jose Zea and Manuel Alvadalejo
-File:Edificio El Acueducto.jpg|[[House of Jose Garcia Alvaro]]
+File:Edificio El Acueducto.jpg|House of Jose Garcia Alvaro
-File:Edificio La Pilarica.jpg|[[House of Juan Montes Hoyo]]
+File:Edificio La Pilarica.jpg|House of Juan Montes Hoyo
 </gallery>
@@ Line 139: / Line 140: @@
 <gallery>
-File:COLEGIO LA SALLE EL CARMEN (MELILLA).jpg| [[Colegio La Salle El Carmen|College of the Brothers of the Christian Schools]]
+File:COLEGIO LA SALLE EL CARMEN (MELILLA).jpg| College of the Brothers of the Christian Schools
-File:Casa de Salomón Cohen.png|[[House of Solomon Cohen]]
+File:Casa de Salomón Cohen.png|House of Solomon Cohen
-File:CASA DE LAS FIERAS (MELILLA).jpg|[[Casa de las Fieras (Melilla)|House of Beasts]]
+File:CASA DE LAS FIERAS (MELILLA).jpg|Casa de las Fieras (Melilla) (House of Beasts)
-File:Casa de José Morely.jpg|[[House of Jose Morely]]
+File:Casa de José Morely.jpg|House of Jose Morely
-File:Casa modernista del barrio del Real.jpg|[[Samuel Salama's Widow's House]]
+File:Casa modernista del barrio del Real.jpg|Samuel Salama's Widow's House
 </gallery>
@@ Line 149: / Line 150: @@
 <gallery>
-File:Teatro-Cine Monumental, Melilla.jpg|[[Monumental Cinema Sport]]
+File:Teatro-Cine Monumental, Melilla.jpg|Monumental Cinema Sport
 </gallery>
-His masterpiece is the [[Monumental Cinema Sport]] (1930-1932).
+His masterpiece is the '''Monumental Cinema Sport''' (1930–1932).
 === Enrique Nieto ===
 <gallery>
-File:Palacio de la Asamblea de Melilla.jpg|[[Palacio de la Asamblea de Melilla|Palace of the Assembly]]
+File:Palacio de la Asamblea de Melilla.jpg|Palace of the Assembly
-File:Edificio Avenida de la Democracia 8.jpg|[[Red Building]],
+File:Edificio Avenida de la Democracia 8.jpg|Red Building
-File:Casa enrique nieto.jpg|[[Enrique Nieto's House]]
+File:Casa enrique nieto.jpg|Enrique Nieto's House
-File:CASA CARCAÑO.jpg|[[Carcaño's House]]
+File:CASA CARCAÑO.jpg|Carcaño's House
-File:CASA DE RAFAEL RICO ALBERT. ENRIQUE NIETO 1933-1935.jpg|[[Rafael Rico Albert's House]],
+File:CASA DE RAFAEL RICO ALBERT. ENRIQUE NIETO 1933-1935.jpg|Rafael Rico Albert's House
-File:Mercado del real melilla.jpg|[[Real Market]]
+File:Mercado del real melilla.jpg|Real Market
 </gallery>
 === Francisco Hernanz ===
-On the other hand, [[Francisco Hernanz]] who created zigzag works such as the [[House of Jacinto García Marfil]], (1932), developed the aerodynamic art deco, with sober lines and almost no decoration, such as the [[House of Luis Raya]] (1935), the [[House of Abraham Benatar]], the [[House of Bertila Seoane]] and the [[House of Parres]].
+On the other hand, '''Francisco Hernanz''' who created zigzag works such as the House of Jacinto García Marfil, (1932), developed the aerodynamic art deco, with sober lines and almost no decoration, such as the House of Luis Raya (1935), the House of Abraham Benatar, the House of Bertila Seoane and the House of Parres.<ref>{{cite web |title=Una exposición ensalza el proyecto de ensanche de las fortificaciones de Melilla del ingeniero militar Francisco Roldán y Vizcaíno - MelillaHoy |url=https://melillahoy.es/una-exposicion-ensalza-el-proyecto-de-ensanche-de-las-fortificaciones-de-melilla-del-ingeniero-militar-francisco-roldan-y-vizcaino/ |website=Melilla Hoy |access-date=30 September 2024 |language=es |date=2 October 2023}}</ref>
 == Rationalism ==
 <gallery>
-File:ANTIGUO EDIFICIO BANCO ESPAÑA EN MELILLA.jpg|[[Edificio del Banco de España (Melilla)|Bank of Spain building]]
+File:ANTIGUO EDIFICIO BANCO ESPAÑA EN MELILLA.jpg|Bank of Spain building
-File:Antiguo_Edificio_Correos.jpg|[[Post Office Building in Melilla]]
+File:Antiguo_Edificio_Correos.jpg|Post Office Building in Melilla
-File:Casa de Amrram J. Wahnon.jpg|[[Amram J. Wahnon House]]
+File:Casa de Amrram J. Wahnon.jpg|Amram J. Wahnon House
 File:Calle Cervantes, 4, Cruce (5247517082).jpg|Cervantes Street, 4
 </gallery>
@@ Line 180: / Line 181: @@
 <gallery>
-File:PUENTE DE LOS ALEMANES.jpg|[[Mineral Bridge]]
+File:PUENTE DE LOS ALEMANES.jpg|Mineral Bridge
-File:VIADUCTO CEMR (MELILLA).jpg|[[CEMR Viaduct]]
+File:VIADUCTO CEMR (MELILLA).jpg|CEMR Viaduct
-File:Almacenes de mineral de la CEMR y Central Eléctrica, Melilla.jpg|[[CEMR mineral warehouses]]
+File:Almacenes de mineral de la CEMR y Central Eléctrica, Melilla.jpg|CEMR mineral warehouses
-File:Cargadero del Mineral Melilla.jpg|[[CEMR mineral loading dock]]
+File:Cargadero del Mineral Melilla.jpg|CEMR mineral loading dock
-File:Embarcadero_Puerto_Noray_-_panoramio.jpg|[[CEMR mineral loading dock]]
+File:Embarcadero_Puerto_Noray_-_panoramio.jpg|CEMR mineral loading dock
 </gallery>
@@ Line 190: / Line 191: @@
 <gallery>
-File:Edificio V Centenario, Melilla.jpg|[[V Centenario Towers]]
+File:Edificio V Centenario, Melilla.jpg|V Centenario Towers
-File:EDIFICIO ESQUINA CALLE GENERAL CHACEL Y AVENIDAD JUAN CARLOS. MELILLA.jpg|[[Chacel Building]]
+File:EDIFICIO ESQUINA CALLE GENERAL CHACEL Y AVENIDAD JUAN CARLOS. MELILLA.jpg|Chacel Building
 </gallery>
@@ Line 199: / Line 200: @@
 File:Entrada al Cementerio Municipal de la Purísima Concepción, Melilla.jpg
 File:Cementerio_de_Melilla,_2008.jpg
-File:Panteón Margallo.jpg|[[Margallo Pantheon]]
+File:Panteón Margallo.jpg|Margallo Pantheon
-File:Panteón de los Héroes2.jpg|[[Pantheon of Heroes]]
+File:Panteón de los Héroes2.jpg|Pantheon of Heroes
-File:Melilla a los que sucumbieron por la Patria.jpg|[[Pantheon of Heroes]]
+File:Melilla a los que sucumbieron por la Patria.jpg|Pantheon of Heroes
-File:Panteón Regulares número 5.jpg|[[Regular Pantheon number 5]]
+File:Panteón Regulares número 5.jpg|Regular Pantheon number 5
 </gallery>
-It is the main cemetery of the Spanish city of '''Melilla'''. It is located in the [[Plaza del Cementerio]], at the end of the [[Cañada del Agua]]. Its construction began in 1890, under the project of the commander of engineers [[Eligio Suza]] and contracted by [[Manuel Fernández]], and was inaugurated on January 1, 1892, and blessed by the vicar [[Juan Verdejo]].
+It is the main cemetery of the Spanish city of '''Melilla'''. It is located in the '''Plaza del Cementerio''', at the end of the Cañada del Agua. Its construction began in 1890, under the project of the commander of engineers '''Eligio Suza''' and contracted by '''Manuel Fernández''', and was inaugurated on January 1, 1892, and blessed by the vicar '''Juan Verdejo'''.
 === Sculptural elements ===
 <gallery>
-File:Monumento a los Héroes de Taxdirt.jpg|[[Monument to the Heroes of Taxdirt]]
+File:Monumento a los Héroes de Taxdirt.jpg|Monument to the Heroes of Taxdirt
-File:Plaza de España, Melilla (3).jpg|[[Monument to the Heroes and Martyrs of the Campaigns]]
+File:Plaza de España, Melilla (3).jpg|Monument to the Heroes and Martyrs of the Campaigns
-File:Monumento_al_Ej%C3%A9rcito_de_la_Victoria,_Melilla_(2).jpg|[[Monument to the Heroes of Spain]]
+File:Monumento_al_Ej%C3%A9rcito_de_la_Victoria,_Melilla_(2).jpg|Monument to the Heroes of Spain
-File:Estatua de Pedro de Estopiñán en Melilla.jpg|[[Monument to Pedro de Estopiñán and Virués]]
+File:Estatua de Pedro de Estopiñán en Melilla.jpg|Monument to Pedro de Estopiñán and Virués
-File:Estatua de Franco en Melilla.jpg|[[Statue of Legion Commander Francisco Franco Bahamonde]]
+File:Estatua de Franco en Melilla.jpg|Statue of Legion Commander Francisco Franco Bahamonde
-File:Encuentros (Melilla).jpg|[[Encuentros (escultura)|Encuentros]]
+File:Encuentros (Melilla).jpg|Encuentros
-File:Mustafa arruf- fernando arrabal.jpg|[[Homenaje a Fernando Arrabal (escultura)|Tribute to Fernando Arrabal]]
+File:Mustafa arruf- fernando arrabal.jpg|Tribute to Fernando Arrabal
-File:Homenaje al Modernismo Melillense.jpg|[[Tribute to Melilla Modernism]]
+File:Homenaje al Modernismo Melillense.jpg|Tribute to Melilla Modernism
 </gallery>
@@ Line 224: / Line 225: @@
 <gallery>
 File:Plaza de España de Melilla (2).jpg|[[Plaza de España (Melilla)|Plaza de España]].
-File:Plaza_Menéndez_Pelayo,_Melilla.jpg|[[Plaza de Menéndez Pelayo (Melilla)|Plaza Menéndez Pelayo]]
+File:Plaza_Menéndez_Pelayo,_Melilla.jpg|Plaza Menéndez Pelayo
 </gallery>
@@ Line 239: / Line 240: @@
 </gallery>
-It is the most important park in Melilla, it was built in 1902 in the shape of a trapezoid according to the design of the [[engineer]] [[Vicente García del Campo]], and is located in the [[Plaza de España (Melilla)|Plaza de España]]
+It is the most important park in Melilla, it was built in 1902 in the shape of a trapezoid according to the design of the [[engineer]] '''Vicente García del Campo''', and is located in the [[Plaza de España (Melilla)|Plaza de España]]
 ==== Lobera Park ====
@@ Line 249: / Line 250: @@
 </gallery>
-It is named after its founder [[Cándido Lobera Girela]], who, as president of the Board of Arbitration, created this park to prevent the construction of barracks on his land.
+It is named after its founder '''Cándido Lobera Girela''', who, as president of the Board of Arbitration, created this park to prevent the construction of barracks on his land.
 ==== Juan Carlos I Rey Forest Park ====