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{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
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|name= Sir Francis Davies
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|image= Gen Sir Francis Davies (cropped).jpg
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==Military career==
==Military career==
Davies was [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] as a [[second lieutenant]] into the part-time [[4th (Worcestershire Militia) Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment]] in July 1881.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24999|page=3690|date=26 July 1881}}</ref><ref name=lh>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/DAVIES8.shtml Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives]</ref> He transferred from the Worcesters to a regular commission in the [[Grenadier Guards]], the same regiment in which his father and grandfather had served, as a [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] on 14 May 1884,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25353|page=2127|date=13 May 1884}}</ref> becoming [[adjutant]] to the 2nd Battalion of his new regiment in 1893.<ref name=lh/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 28 October 1895, he was in 1897 posted to [[South Africa]] where he became a deputy assistant adjutant general (DAAG) for the [[Cape of Good Hope]], and received a further promotion to [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]] on 12 July 1899.<ref name=lh/><ref>Hart's Army list, 1903</ref>
Davies was [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned]] as a [[second lieutenant]] into the part time [[4th (Worcestershire Militia) Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment]] in July 1881.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24999|page=3690|date=26 July 1881}}</ref><ref name=lh>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/DAVIES8.shtml Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives]</ref> He transferred from the Worcesters to a [[Standing army|Regular Army]] commission in the [[Grenadier Guards]], the same regiment in which his father and grandfather had served, as a [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] in May 1884,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25353|page=2127|date=13 May 1884}}</ref> becoming [[adjutant]] to the 2nd Battalion of his new regiment in August 1893.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26428|page=4356|date=1 August 1893}}</ref>


After the outbreak of the [[Second Boer War]] in October 1899, he served as a DAAG, responsible for intelligence at army headquarters in South Africa.<ref name=lh/> He was appointed acting Commissioner of Police for [[Johannesburg]] in 1900,<ref name=lh/> and received a [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] promotion to [[Lieutenant colonel (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant colonel]] dated 29 November 1900.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27306|page=2705|date=19 April 1901}}</ref>
Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in October 1895,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26697|page=82|date=7 January 1896}}</ref> he was, in 1897, posted to [[South Africa]] where he became a deputy assistant adjutant general (DAAG) for the [[Cape of Good Hope]], and received a further promotion to [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]] in July 1899.<ref>Hart's Army list, 1903</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27102|page=4583|date=25 July 1899}}</ref><ref name="Riley" />


After the outbreak of the [[Second Boer War]] in October 1899, he served as a DAAG, responsible for intelligence at army headquarters in South Africa.<ref name=lh/> He was appointed acting commissioner of police for [[Johannesburg]] in 1900,<ref name=lh/> and received a [[Brevet (military)|brevet promotion]] to [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant colonel]] dated 29 November 1900.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27306|page=2705|date=19 April 1901}}</ref>
⚫
Davies returned to the United Kingdom in 1902 and was temporarily employed in the Intelligence Department until he became Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General at the [[War Office]] on 7 September 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=13 October 1902 |page=7 |issue=36897| }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27486|date=21 October 1902|page=6652}}</ref> Two years later he was appointed Assistant Director of Military Operations in 1904.<ref name=lh/> He was the British delegate to the International Conference on Wireless Telegraphy in [[Berlin]] in 1906 and then Assistant Quartermaster General for [[Western Command (United Kingdom)|Western Command]] in 1907.<ref name=lh/> He was made [[General Officer Commanding]] [[1st Mechanised Brigade (United Kingdom)|1 (Guards) Brigade]] in 1909 and then Director of Staff Duties at the [[War Office]] in 1913.<ref name=lh/>


⚫
Davies returned to the United Kingdom in 1902 and was temporarily employed in the intelligence department until he became deputy assistant quartermaster general (DAQMG) at the [[War Office]] on 7 September 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=13 October 1902 |page=7 |issue=36897| }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27486|date=21 October 1902|page=6652}}</ref> Two years later he was appointed assistant director of military operations in 1904.<ref name=lh/> He was the British delegate to the International Conference on Wireless Telegraphy in [[Berlin]] in 1906 and then, promoted to lieutenant colonel while serving on [[half-pay]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27963|page=7371|date=2 November 1906}}</ref> assistant quartermaster general (AQMG) for [[Western Command (United Kingdom)|Western Command]] in 1907.<ref name=lh/> He was promoted to colonel in February 1907.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27997|page=1194|date=19 February 1907}}</ref> After serving as a general staff officer, grade 1 (GSO1) from January 1908,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28106|page=807|date=4 February 1908}}</ref> he was then promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general in November 1909 and made [[general officer commanding]] (GOC) of the [[1st Armoured Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|1st (Guards) Brigade]], taking over from [[Arthur Henniker-Major]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28314|page=9231|date=3 December 1909}}</ref>
⚫
In October 1914, two months after the [[British entry into World War I]], Davies was appointed as [[general officer commanding]] (GOC) of the [[8th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|8th Division]],<ref>[http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf Army Commands] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |date=5 July 2015 }}</ref> which had been created only recently from Regular Army units scattered around the [[British Empire]]. The division, along with its GOC, was soon sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], where the rest of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]] (BEF) was already serving, and where the division would remain for the rest of the war.<ref name="Riley">{{cite book|last=Riley|first=Alec|title=Gallipoli Diary 1915|publisher=Little Gully Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-0645235913|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oHZREAAAQBAJ&q=gallipoli+diary+alec+riley|page=268-269}}</ref> The 8th, serving under the command of Lieutenant-General [[Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson|Sir Henry Rawlinson]]'s [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|IV Corps]], saw major action for the first time in 1915 at the [[Battle of Neuve Chapelle]] in March and later in the [[Battle of Aubers Ridge]],<ref>[http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/warstudies/research/projects/lionsdonkeys/d.aspx University of Birmingham]</ref> two months later, both of which resulted in heavy casualties.<ref>https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/8th-division/</ref><ref name="Riley" />


Managing to retain his temporary rank, he then took over as brigadier general, general staff (BGGS) of [[Aldershot Command]], in succession to Brigadier General [[Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet|William Robertson]], in August 1910.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28404|page=5669|date=5 August 1910}}</ref> He was promoted to major general in May 1913<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28720|page=3592|date=20 May 1913}}</ref> and, in October of that year, became director of staff duties at the War Office.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28764|page=7153|date=14 October 1913}}</ref>
⚫
Towards the end of July Davies was posted away from the fighting in France and Belgium to take over the command of [[VIII Corps (United Kingdom)|VIII Corps]], then heavily engaged in the [[Gallipoli campaign]], from Lieutenant-General [[Aylmer Hunter-Weston]]. Davies, promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant-general,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29629|page=8294|date=20 August 1915}}</ref> took over as its GOC on 8 August from Major-General [[William Douglas (British Army officer, born 1858)|William Douglas]], GOC [[42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division|42nd (East Lancashire) Division]], who in turn was in temporary command of the corps as well as his own division.<ref name="Riley" /> He brought with him from the fierce fighting on the Western Front valuable combat experience and, it is said, "his contribution to what was a very difficult period (and the greater part) of the campaign has been largely overlooked. He inherited a shattered and demoralised corps, starved of resources and reinforcement. Over the five months of his tenure his ideas and energy were the catalyst for a myriad of tactical and systematic improvements which greatly improved the fighting efficiency of his force, allowing his troops to achieve tactical superiority over the enemy facing them".<ref name="Riley" />


[[File:Gen Sir Francis Davies.jpg|thumb|left|Davies in France, 1916.]]
⚫
In the aftermath of the evacuation of British and [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] forces from Gallipoli in January 1916, Davies was moved on to succeed Lieutenant-General [[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|Sir Julian Byng]] as GOC of [[IX Corps (United Kingdom)|IX Corps]], which had also fought at Gallipoli but had now been relocated to the Western Front. Davies was in command only until June when he returned to the United Kingdom to serve as [[Military Secretary (United Kingdom)|Military Secretary]],<ref name=lh/> a post he held until after the end of the war, finally relinquishing to Lieutenant-General [[Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode|Sir Philip Chetwode]] in June 1919.<ref name="Riley" />


⚫
In October 1914, two months after the [[British entry into World War I]], Davies was appointed as GOC of the [[8th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|8th Division]],<ref>[http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf Army Commands] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |date=5 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28933|supp=y |page=8115|date=9 October 1914}}</ref> which had been created only recently from Regular Army units scattered around the [[British Empire]]. The division, along with its GOC, was soon sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], where the rest of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]] (BEF) was already serving, and where the division would remain for the rest of the war.<ref name="Riley">{{cite book|last=Riley|first=Alec|title=Gallipoli Diary 1915|publisher=Little Gully Publishing|year=2021|isbn=978-0645235913|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oHZREAAAQBAJ&q=gallipoli+diary+alec+riley|pages=268–269}}</ref> The 8th, serving under the command of Lieutenant-General [[Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson|Sir Henry Rawlinson]]'s [[IV Corps (United Kingdom)|IV Corps]], saw major action for the first time in 1915 at the [[Battle of Neuve Chapelle]] in March and later in the [[Battle of Aubers Ridge]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/warstudies/research/projects/lionsdonkeys/d.aspx |title=University of Birmingham |access-date=16 October 2011 |archive-date=13 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013062812/http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/warstudies/research/projects/lionsdonkeys/d.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> two months later, both of which resulted in heavy casualties.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/8th-division/ | title=8th Division }}</ref><ref name="Riley" />
⚫
Later that year, Davies was appointed general officer commanding-in-chief (GOC-in-C) of [[Scottish Command]] in 1919; after being promoted to the rank of [[General (United Kingdom)|full general]] in July 1921,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32401|page=5915|date=22 February 1921|supp=y}}</ref> he retired from the army in 1923.<ref name=lh/>

⚫
Towards the end of July Davies was posted away from the fighting in France and Belgium to take over the command of [[VIII Corps (United Kingdom)|VIII Corps]], then heavily engaged in the [[Gallipoli campaign]], from Lieutenant-General [[Aylmer Hunter-Weston]]. Davies, promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant-general,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29269|page=8294|date=20 August 1915}}</ref> took over as its GOC on 8 August from Major-General [[William Douglas (British Army officer, born 1858)|William Douglas]], GOC [[42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division|42nd (East Lancashire) Division]], who in turn was in temporary command of the corps as well as his own division.<ref name="Riley" /> He brought with him from the fierce fighting on the Western Front valuable combat experience and, it is said, "his contribution to what was a very difficult period (and the greater part) of the campaign has been largely overlooked. He inherited a shattered and demoralised corps, starved of resources and reinforcement. Over the five months of his tenure his ideas and energy were the catalyst for a myriad of tactical and systematic improvements which greatly improved the fighting efficiency of his force, allowing his troops to achieve tactical superiority over the enemy facing them".<ref name="Riley" />

⚫
In the aftermath of the evacuation of British and [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] forces from Gallipoli in January 1916, Davies was moved on to succeed Lieutenant General [[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|The Hon. Sir Julian Byng]] as GOC of [[IX Corps (United Kingdom)|IX Corps]], which had also fought at Gallipoli but had now been relocated to the Western Front. Davies was in command only until June when he returned to the United Kingdom to serve as [[Military Secretary (United Kingdom)|Military Secretary]],<ref name=lh/> a post he held until after the end of the war, finally relinquishing to Lieutenant General [[Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode|Sir Philip Chetwode]] in June 1919.<ref name="Riley" /> His rank of lieutenant general became substantive in January 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=13044|page=229|date=26 January 1917|city=e}}</ref>

⚫
Later that year, Davies was appointed general officer commanding-in-chief (GOC-in-C) of [[Scottish Command]] in 1919; after being promoted to the rank of [[General (United Kingdom)|full general]] in July 1921,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32401|page=5915|date=22 February 1921|supp=y}}</ref> and after serving as [[lieutenant of the Tower of London]], he retired from the army in April 1926.<ref name=lh/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33155|page=2861|date=27 April 1926}}</ref>


==Freemasonry==
==Freemasonry==
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[[Category:Military personnel from Worcestershire]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Worcestershire]]
[[Category:Military personnel from London]]
[[Category:Military personnel from London]]
[[Category:People of the Gallipoli campaign]]

Latest revision as of 15:04, 31 December 2024

Sir Francis Davies
Sir Francis Davies, c.1916
Born(1864-07-03)3 July 1864
London, England[1]
Died18 March 1948(1948-03-18) (aged 83)
Pershore, Worcestershire, England
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service / branchBritish Army
Years of service1881–1923
RankGeneral
UnitWorcestershire Regiment
Grenadier Guards
CommandsScottish Command
8th Division
1st Guards Brigade
Battles / warsSecond Boer War
First World War
AwardsKnight Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

General Sir Francis John Davies, KCB, KCMG, KCVO (3 July 1864 – 18 March 1948) was a senior British Army officer who commanded the 8th Division during the First World War.[2]

Early life and education

[edit]

Davies was born in London, the son of Lieutenant General Henry Fanshawe Davies and his wife, Ellen Christine Alexandra Hankey. His grandfather was General Francis John Davies (brother and heir of Thomas Henry Hastings Davies, MP for Worcester)[3] and his great-grandfather was Admiral of the Fleet Sir Thomas Byam Martin.[4] The family seat was Elmley Castle, Pershore, Worcestershire. His younger brother was Major General Henry Rodolph Davies. He was educated at Eton College.[2]

Military career

[edit]

Davies was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the part time 4th (Worcestershire Militia) Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment in July 1881.[5][6] He transferred from the Worcesters to a Regular Army commission in the Grenadier Guards, the same regiment in which his father and grandfather had served, as a lieutenant in May 1884,[7] becoming adjutant to the 2nd Battalion of his new regiment in August 1893.[8]

Promoted to captain in October 1895,[9] he was, in 1897, posted to South Africa where he became a deputy assistant adjutant general (DAAG) for the Cape of Good Hope, and received a further promotion to major in July 1899.[10][11][12]

After the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, he served as a DAAG, responsible for intelligence at army headquarters in South Africa.[6] He was appointed acting commissioner of police for Johannesburg in 1900,[6] and received a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel dated 29 November 1900.[13]

Davies returned to the United Kingdom in 1902 and was temporarily employed in the intelligence department until he became deputy assistant quartermaster general (DAQMG) at the War Office on 7 September 1902.[14][15] Two years later he was appointed assistant director of military operations in 1904.[6] He was the British delegate to the International Conference on Wireless Telegraphy in Berlin in 1906 and then, promoted to lieutenant colonel while serving on half-pay,[16] assistant quartermaster general (AQMG) for Western Command in 1907.[6] He was promoted to colonel in February 1907.[17] After serving as a general staff officer, grade 1 (GSO1) from January 1908,[18] he was then promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general in November 1909 and made general officer commanding (GOC) of the 1st (Guards) Brigade, taking over from Arthur Henniker-Major.[19]

Managing to retain his temporary rank, he then took over as brigadier general, general staff (BGGS) of Aldershot Command, in succession to Brigadier General William Robertson, in August 1910.[20] He was promoted to major general in May 1913[21] and, in October of that year, became director of staff duties at the War Office.[22]

Davies in France, 1916.

In October 1914, two months after the British entry into World War I, Davies was appointed as GOC of the 8th Division,[23][24] which had been created only recently from Regular Army units scattered around the British Empire. The division, along with its GOC, was soon sent to the Western Front, where the rest of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was already serving, and where the division would remain for the rest of the war.[12] The 8th, serving under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Rawlinson's IV Corps, saw major action for the first time in 1915 at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March and later in the Battle of Aubers Ridge,[25] two months later, both of which resulted in heavy casualties.[26][12]

Towards the end of July Davies was posted away from the fighting in France and Belgium to take over the command of VIII Corps, then heavily engaged in the Gallipoli campaign, from Lieutenant-General Aylmer Hunter-Weston. Davies, promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant-general,[27] took over as its GOC on 8 August from Major-General William Douglas, GOC 42nd (East Lancashire) Division, who in turn was in temporary command of the corps as well as his own division.[12] He brought with him from the fierce fighting on the Western Front valuable combat experience and, it is said, "his contribution to what was a very difficult period (and the greater part) of the campaign has been largely overlooked. He inherited a shattered and demoralised corps, starved of resources and reinforcement. Over the five months of his tenure his ideas and energy were the catalyst for a myriad of tactical and systematic improvements which greatly improved the fighting efficiency of his force, allowing his troops to achieve tactical superiority over the enemy facing them".[12]

In the aftermath of the evacuation of British and Allied forces from Gallipoli in January 1916, Davies was moved on to succeed Lieutenant General The Hon. Sir Julian Byng as GOC of IX Corps, which had also fought at Gallipoli but had now been relocated to the Western Front. Davies was in command only until June when he returned to the United Kingdom to serve as Military Secretary,[6] a post he held until after the end of the war, finally relinquishing to Lieutenant General Sir Philip Chetwode in June 1919.[12] His rank of lieutenant general became substantive in January 1917.[28]

Later that year, Davies was appointed general officer commanding-in-chief (GOC-in-C) of Scottish Command in 1919; after being promoted to the rank of full general in July 1921,[29] and after serving as lieutenant of the Tower of London, he retired from the army in April 1926.[6][30]

Freemasonry

[edit]

From 1919 until his death in 1948, Davies served as Provincial Grand Master of Freemasons in Worcestershire. During his time in office, 50 new masonic lodges were dedicated and he personally participated at 41 of these. From 1935 to 1947 he also held the position of Deputy Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England, paying official visits to numerous Provinces in this country and to many Grand Lodges overseas.[31]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 1911 England Census
  2. ^ a b "Obituary: General Sir F. Davies – A Gallipoli Commander". The Times. 19 March 1948. p. 7.
  3. ^ Salmon, Philip. "DAVIES, Thomas Henry Hastings (1789-1846), of Elmley Castle, Worcs". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  4. ^ Walford, Edward (1876). The County Families of the United Kingdom Or Royal Manual of the Titled and Untitled Aristocracy of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 265. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  5. ^ "No. 24999". The London Gazette. 26 July 1881. p. 3690.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
  7. ^ "No. 25353". The London Gazette. 13 May 1884. p. 2127.
  8. ^ "No. 26428". The London Gazette. 1 August 1893. p. 4356.
  9. ^ "No. 26697". The London Gazette. 7 January 1896. p. 82.
  10. ^ Hart's Army list, 1903
  11. ^ "No. 27102". The London Gazette. 25 July 1899. p. 4583.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Riley, Alec (2021). Gallipoli Diary 1915. Little Gully Publishing. pp. 268–269. ISBN 978-0645235913.
  13. ^ "No. 27306". The London Gazette. 19 April 1901. p. 2705.
  14. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36897. London. 13 October 1902. p. 7.
  15. ^ "No. 27486". The London Gazette. 21 October 1902. p. 6652.
  16. ^ "No. 27963". The London Gazette. 2 November 1906. p. 7371.
  17. ^ "No. 27997". The London Gazette. 19 February 1907. p. 1194.
  18. ^ "No. 28106". The London Gazette. 4 February 1908. p. 807.
  19. ^ "No. 28314". The London Gazette. 3 December 1909. p. 9231.
  20. ^ "No. 28404". The London Gazette. 5 August 1910. p. 5669.
  21. ^ "No. 28720". The London Gazette. 20 May 1913. p. 3592.
  22. ^ "No. 28764". The London Gazette. 14 October 1913. p. 7153.
  23. ^ Army Commands Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ "No. 28933". The London Gazette (Supplement). 9 October 1914. p. 8115.
  25. ^ "University of Birmingham". Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  26. ^ "8th Division".
  27. ^ "No. 29269". The London Gazette. 20 August 1915. p. 8294.
  28. ^ "No. 13044". The Edinburgh Gazette. 26 January 1917. p. 229.
  29. ^ "No. 32401". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 February 1921. p. 5915.
  30. ^ "No. 33155". The London Gazette. 27 April 1926. p. 2861.
  31. ^ Overview of the origins of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Worcestershire. Retrieved 12 November 2015
Military offices
New command GOC 8th Division
1914–1915 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Military Secretary
1916–1919 		Succeeded by
Preceded by GOC-in-C Scottish Command
1919–1923 		Succeeded by
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