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'''Titanium Sponge Plant''' |
'''Titanium Sponge Plant''' is an [[India|Indian]] [[manufacturing plant]] that produces [[titanium sponge]], a material used in aeronautics, light defence vehicles, and more. It is located at Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd ([[Kerala Minerals and Metals|KMML]]), Chavara, [[Kollam]] district of [[Kerala]]. It is the only plant in the world which carries out all aspects of the aerospace-grade titanium sponge manufacturing process under one roof<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ISRO's titanium sponge plant in Kerala fully commissioned |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-10/news/65415517_1_kmml-isro-indian-space-research-organisation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818232952/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-10/news/65415517_1_kmml-isro-indian-space-research-organisation |archive-date=August 18, 2015 |accessdate=2015-11-01 |website=timesofindia-economictimes}}</ref>. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The importance of establishing |
The importance of establishing domestic titanium production was realised{{By whom?|date=December 2024}}{{When?|date=December 2024}} due to the country's large demand and import of titanium and magnesium alloys from countries like China, Russia and Japan. Dr. [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|APJ Abdul Kalam]], a scientist and the former President of India, highlighted the issue in a speech at the Kerala Legislative Assembly.<ref name="ISRO Plant operational">{{Cite web|title = Indigenous Titanium Sponge Plant operational - ISRO|url = http://www.isro.gov.in/indigenous-titanium-sponge-plant-operational|website = www.isro.gov.in|accessdate = 2015-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118124004/https://www.isro.gov.in/indigenous-titanium-sponge-plant-operational|archive-date=2015-11-18}}</ref> The plant was fully commissioned in August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = ISRO's titanium sponge plant in Kerala fully commissioned|url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-10/news/65415517_1_kmml-isro-indian-space-research-organisation|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150818232952/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-10/news/65415517_1_kmml-isro-indian-space-research-organisation|url-status = dead|archive-date = August 18, 2015|website = timesofindia-economictimes|accessdate = 2015-11-01}}</ref> |
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==Establishment== |
==Establishment== |
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The successful implementation |
The successful implementation{{Vague|date=December 2024|reason=Implementation of what?}} was achieved after about twenty years of continuous research by the Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory ([[Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory|DMRL]] under [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]). The project is funded by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre ([[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|VSSC]] under [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title = Titanium sponge plant to open in India in July|url = http://www.interlinkmetals.co.uk/titanium-sponge-plant-to-open-in-india-in-july/|website = Interlink Metals|date = 2012-06-22|accessdate = 2015-11-01}}</ref> |
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==Ranking== |
==Ranking== |
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India is the seventh country in the world to have such a complex structured TSP which has the technology to make titanium sponge<ref name=":2" /> and the first to have done all the process under one roof in indigenous manner. The company, Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML), has also won awards for commercialising the technology. |
India is the seventh country in the world to have such a complex structured TSP which has the technology to make titanium sponge<ref name=":2" />, and the first to have done all the process under one roof in indigenous manner. The company, Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML), has also won awards for commercialising the technology. |
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==Design and capacity== |
==Design and capacity== |
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The plant has an intricate design to carry out manufacturing of titanium alloy wrought products and fabrication of hardware.<ref name="ISRO Plant operational" /> Titanium sponge is an alloy product that is produced through [[Kroll process]], which includes leaching or heated vacuum distillation to make the metal almost 99.7% pure.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Work is being done actively to increase the capacity of the TSP for the proposed 10000 TPY{{expand acronym}}. A memorandum of understanding has also been signed by the KMML with [[Steel Authority of India]] (SAIL) for a joint venture to prepare titanium sponge at large scale. |
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| ⚫ | India has the third largest reserves of Titanium containing minerals, and was the sixth largest [[List of countries by titanium production|country by Titanium production]] in 2013. However, the high purity Titanium sponge (defined as containing at least 99.7% Titanium) as raw material is still imported for aerospace applications from countries like Japan, Russia and China.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title = Soon, space programmes will use indigenously made titanium sponge|url = http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/soon-space-programmes-will-use-indigenously-made-titanium-sponge/article7527360.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2015-08-12|access-date = 2015-11-01|issn = 0971-751X|language = en}}</ref> Using the indigenously made titanium sponge, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|VSSC]] realized the aerospace-grade alloy, having formula '''Ti<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>V,''' at [[Mishra Dhatu Nigam]] (Midhani) in Hyderabad. |
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== Applications == |
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The material produced by the plant is useful for liquid propellant tanks for launch vehicles, inter tank structures, gas bottle/liners and interface rings for satellites.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Manufacturing plants]] |
[[Category:Manufacturing plants]] |
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[[Category:Physics experiments]] |
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[[Category:Titanium companies]] |
[[Category:Titanium companies]] |
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[[Category:Aerospace materials]] |
[[Category:Aerospace materials]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:59, 10 January 2025
Titanium Sponge Plant is an Indian manufacturing plant that produces titanium sponge, a material used in aeronautics, light defence vehicles, and more. It is located at Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd (KMML), Chavara, Kollam district of Kerala. It is the only plant in the world which carries out all aspects of the aerospace-grade titanium sponge manufacturing process under one roof[1].
History
[edit]The importance of establishing domestic titanium production was realised[by whom?][when?] due to the country's large demand and import of titanium and magnesium alloys from countries like China, Russia and Japan. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, a scientist and the former President of India, highlighted the issue in a speech at the Kerala Legislative Assembly.[2] The plant was fully commissioned in August 2015.[3]
Establishment
[edit]The successful implementation[vague] was achieved after about twenty years of continuous research by the Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL under DRDO). The project is funded by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC under ISRO).[1][4]
Ranking
[edit]India is the seventh country in the world to have such a complex structured TSP which has the technology to make titanium sponge[5], and the first to have done all the process under one roof in indigenous manner. The company, Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML), has also won awards for commercialising the technology.
Design and capacity
[edit]The plant has an intricate design to carry out manufacturing of titanium alloy wrought products and fabrication of hardware.[2] Titanium sponge is an alloy product that is produced through Kroll process, which includes leaching or heated vacuum distillation to make the metal almost 99.7% pure.[1]
Work is being done actively to increase the capacity of the TSP for the proposed 10000 TPY[expand acronym]. A memorandum of understanding has also been signed by the KMML with Steel Authority of India (SAIL) for a joint venture to prepare titanium sponge at large scale.
India has the third largest reserves of Titanium containing minerals, and was the sixth largest country by Titanium production in 2013. However, the high purity Titanium sponge (defined as containing at least 99.7% Titanium) as raw material is still imported for aerospace applications from countries like Japan, Russia and China.[5] Using the indigenously made titanium sponge, VSSC realized the aerospace-grade alloy, having formula Ti6Al4V, at Mishra Dhatu Nigam (Midhani) in Hyderabad.
Future prospects
[edit]Proposals for future work include magnesium recovery from MgCl2 (magnesium chloride) to set up an additional facility on similar lines, as well as to expand titanium production capacity from 500 MT to 1000 MT.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "ISRO's titanium sponge plant in Kerala fully commissioned". timesofindia-economictimes. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
- ^ a b "Indigenous Titanium Sponge Plant operational - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
- ^ "ISRO's titanium sponge plant in Kerala fully commissioned". timesofindia-economictimes. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
- ^ "Titanium sponge plant to open in India in July". Interlink Metals. 2012-06-22. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
- ^ a b c "Soon, space programmes will use indigenously made titanium sponge". The Hindu. 2015-08-12. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2015-11-01.