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{{Short description|Species of land snail}}
{{Short description|Species of land snail}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = File:A_chilhoweensis.jpg
| image = A_chilhoweensis.jpg
| image_caption = Mature and juvenile queen craters found in Tennessee
| image_caption = Mature and juvenile queen craters found in Tennessee
| status = G4
| status = G4
| status_system = TNC
| status_ref = <ref name=":1"/>
| genus = Appalachina
| genus = Appalachina
| species = chilhoweensis
| species = chilhoweensis
| authority = Lewis, 1870
| authority = (J. Lewis, 1871)
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite WoRMS |title=''Appalachina chilhoweensis'' |id=1352037 |access-date=10 November 2024}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref =
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
{{Species list
| Helix chilhoweensis | J. Lewis, 1871
| Polygyra chilhoweensis | (J. Lewis, 1871)
}}
}}
}}


'''''Appalachina chilhoweensis''''', also known as the '''queen crater''', is a fairly rare species of [[Pulmonata|pulmonate]] [[land snail]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Polygyridae|Polygridae]]. It is the largest [[North America|North American]] land snail found east of the [[Rocky Mountains]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smokies Snail Gallery |url=https://www.asc.ohio-state.edu/eeob/molluscs/snails.html |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Ohio State University}}</ref> It is named after [[Chilhowee Mountain]].<ref>Pilsbry, Henry A. "Mollusca of the Great Smoky Mountains." ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' (1900): 110-150.</ref>
'''''Appalachina chilhoweensis''''', also known as the '''queen crater''', is a species of [[Pulmonata|pulmonate]] [[land snail]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Polygyridae|Polygridae]]. It is the largest [[North America|North American]] land snail found east of the [[Rocky Mountains]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smokies Snail Gallery |url=https://www.asc.ohio-state.edu/eeob/molluscs/snails.html |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Ohio State University}}</ref> It is named after [[Chilhowee Mountain]].<ref>Pilsbry, Henry A. "Mollusca of the Great Smoky Mountains." ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' (1900): 110-150.</ref>


== Physical appearance ==
== Physical appearance ==


The queen crater is a large snail, with a shell ranging from 26.5 to 42 mm in diameter. The base of the shell is yellow-brown in color, with dark-brown splotches and a pale, broad lip.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Queen Crater |url=https://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/13280489 |website=Project Noah}}</ref>
The queen crater is a large snail, with a shell ranging from {{cvt|26.5|to|42|mm}} in diameter. The base of the shell is yellow-brown in color, with dark-brown splotches and a pale, broad lip.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Queen Crater |url=https://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/13280489 |website=Project Noah}}</ref>

== Ecology ==
== Ecology ==
The queen crater is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[southeastern United States]], being found in [[Tennessee]], [[Kentucky]], and [[North Carolina]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Appalachina chilhoweensis |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.120948/Appalachina_chilhoweensis |access-date= |website=NatureServe Explorer}}</ref> It is fairly common in Tennessee, and its populations are considered secure. However, in Kentucky and North Carolina, where the species is considerably rarer, it is listed as [[NatureServe conservation status|imperiled]].<ref name=":1" />
The queen crater is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[southeastern United States]], being found in [[Tennessee]], [[Kentucky]], and [[North Carolina]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=''Appalachina chilhoweensis'' |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.120948/Appalachina_chilhoweensis |access-date= |website=NatureServe Explorer}}</ref> It is fairly common in Tennessee, and its populations are considered secure. However, in Kentucky and North Carolina, where the species is considerably rarer, it is listed as [[NatureServe conservation status|imperiled]].<ref name=":1" />


The queen crater is most commonly found in mixed upland [[hardwood]] forests, high up in the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian mountains]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> They typically reside on wooded hillsides or slopes, under [[Plant litter|leaf litter]] or on or around [[sandstone]] [[Scree|talus]].<ref>Dourson, D.C. 2013. ''Land snails of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and southern Appalachians''. Goatslug Publications, Bakersville, NC. 336 pp.</ref> The highest elevation a queen crater has been recorded at is 1,666 meters, or 5,465.88 feet.<ref>Dourson, Daniel C., and Keith Langdon. "Land snails of selected rare high elevation forests and heath balds of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." ''Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science'' 128.2 (2012): 27-32.</ref>
The queen crater is most commonly found in mixed upland [[hardwood]] forests, high up in the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian mountains]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> They typically reside on wooded hillsides or slopes, under [[Plant litter|leaf litter]] or on or around [[sandstone]] [[Scree|talus]].<ref>Dourson, D.C. 2013. ''Land snails of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and southern Appalachians''. Goatslug Publications, Bakersville, NC. 336 pp.</ref> The highest elevation a queen crater has been recorded at is 1,666 meters, or 5,465.88 feet.<ref>Dourson, Daniel C., and Keith Langdon. "Land snails of selected rare high elevation forests and heath balds of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." ''Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science'' 128.2 (2012): 27-32.</ref>
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=J. |title=Notes on the land shells of east Tennessee |journal=American Journal of Conchology |date=1871 |volume=6 |issue=3 |page=191}}

==External links==
* {{cite journal |last1=Emberton |first1=K.C. |title=When shells do not tell: 145 million years of evolution in North America's polygyrid land snails, with a revision and conservation priorities. |journal=Malacologia |date=1995 |volume=37 |issue=1 |page=93 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13113494}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3709491}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3709491}}


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[[Category:Fauna of the Eastern United States]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Eastern United States]]
[[Category:Gastropods described in 1870]]
[[Category:Gastropods described in 1870]]
[[Category:Polygyridae]]

Latest revision as of 20:04, 12 November 2024

Appalachina chilhoweensis
Mature and juvenile queen craters found in Tennessee

Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Polygyridae
Genus: Appalachina
Species:
A. chilhoweensis
Binomial name
Appalachina chilhoweensis
(J. Lewis, 1871)
Synonyms[2]
  • Helix chilhoweensis J. Lewis, 1871
  • Polygyra chilhoweensis (J. Lewis, 1871)

Appalachina chilhoweensis, also known as the queen crater, is a species of pulmonate land snail in the family Polygridae. It is the largest North American land snail found east of the Rocky Mountains.[3] It is named after Chilhowee Mountain.[4]

Physical appearance

[edit]

The queen crater is a large snail, with a shell ranging from 26.5 to 42 mm (1.04 to 1.65 in) in diameter. The base of the shell is yellow-brown in color, with dark-brown splotches and a pale, broad lip.[5]

Ecology

[edit]

The queen crater is endemic to the southeastern United States, being found in Tennessee, Kentucky, and North Carolina.[1] It is fairly common in Tennessee, and its populations are considered secure. However, in Kentucky and North Carolina, where the species is considerably rarer, it is listed as imperiled.[1]

The queen crater is most commonly found in mixed upland hardwood forests, high up in the Appalachian mountains.[1][5] They typically reside on wooded hillsides or slopes, under leaf litter or on or around sandstone talus.[6] The highest elevation a queen crater has been recorded at is 1,666 meters, or 5,465.88 feet.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Appalachina chilhoweensis". NatureServe Explorer.
  2. ^ "Appalachina chilhoweensis". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  3. ^ "Smokies Snail Gallery". Ohio State University. Retrieved 2024-11-09.
  4. ^ Pilsbry, Henry A. "Mollusca of the Great Smoky Mountains." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1900): 110-150.
  5. ^ a b "Queen Crater". Project Noah.
  6. ^ Dourson, D.C. 2013. Land snails of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and southern Appalachians. Goatslug Publications, Bakersville, NC. 336 pp.
  7. ^ Dourson, Daniel C., and Keith Langdon. "Land snails of selected rare high elevation forests and heath balds of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science 128.2 (2012): 27-32.
  • Lewis, J. (1871). "Notes on the land shells of east Tennessee". American Journal of Conchology. 6 (3): 191.
[edit]
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