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Members of this family are either unicellular or colonial. Cells are cylindrical, polyhedral, spherical, or sometimes nearly spherical. Cells contain a single parietal, [[chloroplast]] with a [[pyrenoid]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Philipose|first1=M.T.|title= Chlorococcales|pages= 1–365|location=New Delhi|publisher= Indian Council of Agricultural Research|date=1967}}</ref> The cell wall may be smooth or covered in warts, ribs or other ornamentation.<ref>{{cite book | title= Chlorophyceae (Grünalgen), Ordnung Chlorococcales | last1=Komárek | first1=J. | last2=Fott | first2=B. | date=1983 | publisher= E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung | series=Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers | language=German | pages=1044 }}</ref>
Members of this family are either unicellular or colonial. Cells are cylindrical, polyhedral, spherical, or sometimes nearly spherical. Cells contain a single parietal, [[chloroplast]] with a [[pyrenoid]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Philipose|first1=M.T.|title= Chlorococcales|pages= 1–365|location=New Delhi|publisher= Indian Council of Agricultural Research|date=1967}}</ref> The cell wall may be smooth or covered in warts, ribs or other ornamentation.<ref>{{cite book | title= Chlorophyceae (Grünalgen), Ordnung Chlorococcales | last1=Komárek | first1=J. | last2=Fott | first2=B. | date=1983 | publisher= E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung | series=Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers | language=German | pages=1044 }}</ref>


Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually. In [[Asexual reproduction]], the mother cell becomes a number of zoospores and swim inside the enlarged mother cell wall, until they attach to each other and become a new colony. In ''[[Tetraedron]]'', the cells do not produce zoospores but produce [[autospore]]s within the enlarged mother cell wall. Sexual reproduction, when observed, occurs via [[isogamous]] gametes.<ref name=Buchheim/>
Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually. In [[asexual reproduction]], the mother cell becomes a number of zoospores and swim inside the enlarged mother cell wall, until they attach to each other and become a new colony. In ''[[Tetraedron]]'', the cells do not produce zoospores but produce [[autospore]]s within the enlarged mother cell wall. Sexual reproduction, when observed, occurs via [[isogamous]] gametes.<ref name=Buchheim/>


Because the cell wall of some Hydrodictyaceae contain [[sporopollenin]], they decay very slowly and thus last long in the [[fossil record]].<ref name=Komarek_and_Jankovska>{{cite book | isbn= 978-3-443-60035-8 | title= Review of the Green Algal Genus Pediastrum; Implication for Pollen-analytical Research | year=2001 | pages = 127 | first1=Jirí |last1=Komárek |first2= Vlasta |last2=Jankovská | series=Bibliotheca Phycologica | publisher= Schweizerbart Science Publishers }}</ref>
Because the cell wall of some Hydrodictyaceae contain [[sporopollenin]], they decay very slowly and thus last long in the [[fossil record]].<ref name=Komarek_and_Jankovska>{{cite book | isbn= 978-3-443-60035-8 | title= Review of the Green Algal Genus Pediastrum; Implication for Pollen-analytical Research | year=2001 | pages = 127 | first1=Jirí |last1=Komárek |first2= Vlasta |last2=Jankovská | series=Bibliotheca Phycologica | publisher= Schweizerbart Science Publishers }}</ref>
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* ''[[Helierella]]''
* ''[[Helierella]]''
* ''[[Hydrodictyon]]''
* ''[[Hydrodictyon]]''
* †''[[Hydrodictyopsis]]''
* ''[[Lacunastrum]]''
* ''[[Lacunastrum]]''
* ''[[Monactinus]]''
* ''[[Monactinus]]''
* ''[[Parapediastrum]]''
* ''[[Parapediastrum]]''
* †''[[Pediastrites]]''
* ''[[Pediastrum]]''
* ''[[Pediastrum]]''
* ''[[Pseudopediastrum]]''
* ''[[Pseudopediastrum]]''
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Traditionally, the genus ''Tetraedron'' was excluded and placed within the [[Chlorellaceae]], because of autospore formation.<ref name=Buchheim/> However, the genus produces autospores within an enlarged cell wall, similar to ''Pediastrum'', and molecular phylogenetic evidence shows that they are related.<ref name=Buchheim/>
Traditionally, the genus ''Tetraedron'' was excluded and placed within the [[Chlorellaceae]], because of autospore formation.<ref name=Buchheim/> However, the genus produces autospores within an enlarged cell wall, similar to ''Pediastrum'', and molecular phylogenetic evidence shows that they are related.<ref name=Buchheim/>


Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest the following relationships (not all genera are included):<ref name=Buchheim/><ref name=Jena>{{cite journal | doi=10.5507/fot.2014.005 | title=Strain survey on three continents confirms the polyphyly of the genus Pediastrum (Hydrodictyaceae, Chlorophyceae) | date=2014 | last1=Jena | first1=Mrutyunjay | last2=Bock | first2=Christina | last3=Behera | first3=Chhandashree | last4=Adhikary | first4=Siba P. | last5=Krienitz | first5=Lothar | journal=Fottea | volume=14 | pages=63–76 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00940.x |title=Molecular phylogenetic relationships in the freshwater family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an emphasis on ''Pediastrum duplex'' <sup>1</sup> |date=2011 |last1=McManus |first1=Hilary A. |last2=Lewis |first2=Louise A. |journal=Journal of Phycology |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=152–163 |pmid=27021721 |bibcode=2011JPcgy..47..152M }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/ajb2.1066 |title=Organellar phylogenomics inform systematics in the green algal family Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae) and provide clues to the complex evolutionary history of plastid genomes in the green algal tree of life |date=2018 |last1=McManus |first1=Hilary A. |last2=Fučíková |first2=Karolina |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul O. |last4=Lewis |first4=Louise A. |last5=Karol |first5=Kenneth G. |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=105 |issue=3 |pages=315–329 |pmid=29722901 }}</ref>
Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest the following relationships (not all genera are included):<ref name=Buchheim/><ref name=Jena>{{cite journal | doi=10.5507/fot.2014.005 | title=Strain survey on three continents confirms the polyphyly of the genus Pediastrum (Hydrodictyaceae, Chlorophyceae) | date=2014 | last1=Jena | first1=Mrutyunjay | last2=Bock | first2=Christina | last3=Behera | first3=Chhandashree | last4=Adhikary | first4=Siba P. | last5=Krienitz | first5=Lothar | journal=Fottea | volume=14 | pages=63–76 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00940.x |title=Molecular phylogenetic relationships in the freshwater family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an emphasis on ''Pediastrum duplex'' <sup>1</sup> |date=2011 |last1=McManus |first1=Hilary A. |last2=Lewis |first2=Louise A. |journal=Journal of Phycology |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=152–163 |pmid=27021721 |bibcode=2011JPcgy..47..152M }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/ajb2.1066 |title=Organellar phylogenomics inform systematics in the green algal family Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae) and provide clues to the complex evolutionary history of plastid genomes in the green algal tree of life |date=2018 |last1=McManus |first1=Hilary A. |last2=Fučíková |first2=Karolina |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul O. |last4=Lewis |first4=Louise A. |last5=Karol |first5=Kenneth G. |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=105 |issue=3 |pages=315–329 |pmid=29722901 |doi-access=free }}</ref>


{{clade|label1=Hydrodictyaceae|1=
{{clade|label1=Hydrodictyaceae|1=

Latest revision as of 05:05, 2 December 2024

Hydrodictyaceae
Pediastrum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Clade: Viridiplantae
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Sphaeropleales
Family: Hydrodictyaceae
Dumortier, 1829
Genera[1]

See text

Hydrodictyaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.[1] They are found in freshwater habitats worldwide.[2]

Members of this family are either unicellular or colonial. Cells are cylindrical, polyhedral, spherical, or sometimes nearly spherical. Cells contain a single parietal, chloroplast with a pyrenoid.[3] The cell wall may be smooth or covered in warts, ribs or other ornamentation.[4]

Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually. In asexual reproduction, the mother cell becomes a number of zoospores and swim inside the enlarged mother cell wall, until they attach to each other and become a new colony. In Tetraedron, the cells do not produce zoospores but produce autospores within the enlarged mother cell wall. Sexual reproduction, when observed, occurs via isogamous gametes.[2]

Because the cell wall of some Hydrodictyaceae contain sporopollenin, they decay very slowly and thus last long in the fossil record.[5]

Genera

[edit]

The family Hydrodictyaceae includes the following genera:[1]

Traditionally, the genus Tetraedron was excluded and placed within the Chlorellaceae, because of autospore formation.[2] However, the genus produces autospores within an enlarged cell wall, similar to Pediastrum, and molecular phylogenetic evidence shows that they are related.[2]

Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest the following relationships (not all genera are included):[2][6][7][8]

Hydrodictyaceae

Pediastrum

Hydrodictyon

Pseudopediastrum

Monactinus

Lacunastrum

Stauridium

Parapediastrum

Sorastrum

Tetraedron

Neochloridaceae (outgroup)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Hydrodictyaceae". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
  2. ^ a b c d e Buchheim, Mark; Buchheim, Julie; Carlson, Tracy; Braband, Anke; Hepperle, Dominik; Krienitz, Lothar; Wolf, Matthias; Hegewald, Eberhard (2005). "Phylogeny of the Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae): Inferences from rDNA Data". Journal of Phycology. 41 (5): 1039–1054. Bibcode:2005JPcgy..41.1039B. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00129.x. S2CID 83698514.
  3. ^ Philipose, M.T. (1967). Chlorococcales. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research. pp. 1–365.
  4. ^ Komárek, J.; Fott, B. (1983). Chlorophyceae (Grünalgen), Ordnung Chlorococcales. Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers (in German). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. p. 1044.
  5. ^ Komárek, Jirí; Jankovská, Vlasta (2001). Review of the Green Algal Genus Pediastrum; Implication for Pollen-analytical Research. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Schweizerbart Science Publishers. p. 127. ISBN 978-3-443-60035-8.
  6. ^ Jena, Mrutyunjay; Bock, Christina; Behera, Chhandashree; Adhikary, Siba P.; Krienitz, Lothar (2014). "Strain survey on three continents confirms the polyphyly of the genus Pediastrum (Hydrodictyaceae, Chlorophyceae)". Fottea. 14: 63–76. doi:10.5507/fot.2014.005.
  7. ^ McManus, Hilary A.; Lewis, Louise A. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetic relationships in the freshwater family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an emphasis on Pediastrum duplex 1". Journal of Phycology. 47 (1): 152–163. Bibcode:2011JPcgy..47..152M. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00940.x. PMID 27021721.
  8. ^ McManus, Hilary A.; Fučíková, Karolina; Lewis, Paul O.; Lewis, Louise A.; Karol, Kenneth G. (2018). "Organellar phylogenomics inform systematics in the green algal family Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae) and provide clues to the complex evolutionary history of plastid genomes in the green algal tree of life". American Journal of Botany. 105 (3): 315–329. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1066. PMID 29722901.


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