W National Park

W Transborder Park
IUCN category II (national park)
Mékrou River in the W-National Park
IUCN Protected Areas of the WAP complex
Location	Niger-Burkina Faso-Benin
Nearest city	Kandi (Benin), Diapaga (Burkina Faso), Tapoa (Niger)
Coordinates	12°31′31″N 2°39′48″E
Area	10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi)
Established	August 4, 1954
Governing body	ECOPAS, Governments of Niger, Burkina Faso, and Benin
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	W Regional Park
Type	Natural
Criteria	vii, ix, x
Designated	1996 (20th session)
Reference no.	749bis
Region	Africa
Ramsar Wetland
Official name	Parc national du W
Designated	30 April 1987
Reference no.	355
Ramsar Wetland
Official name	Parc National du W
Designated	27 June 1990
Reference no.	492
Ramsar Wetland
Official name	Site Ramsar du Complexe W
Designated	2 February 2007
Reference no.	1668

The W National Park (French: Parc national du W) or W Regional Park (French: W du Niger) is a major national park in West Africa around a meander in the Niger River shaped like the letter W (French: double v). The park includes areas of the three countries Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso, and is governed by the three governments. Until 2008, the implementation of a regional management was supported by the EU-funded project ECOPAS (Protected Ecosystems in Sudano-Sahelian Africa, French: Ecosystèmes protégés en Afrique soudano-sahélienne). The three national parks operate under the name W Transborder Park (French: Parc Regional W). The section of W National Park lying in Benin, measuring over 8,000 km² (3,100 sq mi), came under the full management of African Parks in June 2020. In Benin, W National Park is contiguous with Pendjari National Park which is also under the management of African Parks.

History

The W National Park of Niger was created by decree on 4 August 1954, and since 1996 has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Within Niger, the Park is listed as a National Park, IUCN Type II, and is part of a larger complex of Reserves and protected areas. These include the adjacent Dallol Bosso (Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar) on the eastern bank of the Niger River and the partial overlap of the smaller "Parc national du W" (Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar). The three parks are BirdLife International Important Bird Areas (IBAs) of types A1 and A3 (IBA codes IBA NE001, IBA BF008, and IBA BJ001).

W National Park Massacre

Main article: W National Park massacre

On 8 February 2022, two African Parks patrol vehicles in Benin's portion of the W National Park ran over land mines suspected to be planted by Islamic terrorists, killing eight people.

Geography

Bends in the River Niger which give W National Park its distinctive name

In the three nations, the regional park covers some 10,000 km² (3,900 sq mi) largely uninhabited by humans, having been until the 1970s a malarial zone of wetlands formed by the delta of the Mékrou River with the Niger, broken by rocky hills. Historically, the area has been at one time a major area of human habitation, judged by the important archaeological sites (mostly tombs) found in the area.

Flora

A total of 454 species of plants were recorded in the park, including two orchids found only in Niger. The park also constitutes the southern limit of tiger bush plateaus distribution in Niger.

Fauna

The park is known for its large mammals, including aardvark, baboon, African buffalo, caracal, cheetah, African bush elephant, hippopotamus, African leopard, West African lion, serval and warthog. The park provides a home for some of West Africa's last wild African elephants. However, the rare West African giraffe, today restricted to small parts of the Niger, is absent from the area. The W park is also known for historic occurrence of packs of the endangered West African wild dog, although this canid may now be locally extinct.

The park is one of the last strongholds for the Northwest African cheetah. A small population of 25 individuals is estimated to be resident across the W–Arli–Pendjari protected area complex.

The W National Park is also known for its bird populations, especially transitory migrating species, with over 350 species identified in the park. The park has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area.

Gallery

• 
  Bush elephants
• 
  Roan antelope
• 
  Kob antelope
• 
  Oribis
• 
  Landscape
• 
  Tantalus monkey

See also

• Pendjari National Park

Literature

• Convers Arnaud, Chaibou Issa, Binot Aurélie, Dulieu Dominique (2007) La gestion de la transhumance dans la zone d’influence du parc régional du w par le programme ecopas: une « approche projet » pour l’aménagement de la périphérie du parc. Vertigo Hors Série 4. URL : http://vertigo.revues.org/761; DOI : 10.4000/vertigo.761
• Benoit M (1998) Statut et usage du sol en périphérie du parc national du "W" du Niger. Tome 1 : Contribution à l’étude du milieu naturel et des ressources végétales du canton de Tamou et du Parc du "W". ORSTOM, Niamey, Niger, 41 p. [1]
• Doussa S (2004) Les impacts de la culture cotonnière sur la gestion des ressources naturelles du Parc W. Maitrise, Université de Ouagadougou.
• Grégoire JM, Fournier A, Eva H & Sawadogo L (2003) Caractérisation de la dynamique des feux et de l’évolution du couvert dans le Parc du W: Burkina Faso, Bénin et Niger. 64 S. [2]
• Hogan C.Michael (2009) Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
• Koster S, Grettenberger J (1983). "A preliminary survey of birds in Park W Niger". Malimbus. 5: 62–72.
• Nacoulma, B.M.I. (2012): Dynamique et stratégies de conservation de la végétation et de la phytodiversité du complexe écologique du Parc National du W du Burkina Faso. PhD thesis, Université de Ouagadougou.
• Nacoulma, B.M.I., Schmidt, M., Hahn, K., Thiombiano, A. (2020): A checklist of vascular plants of the W National Park in Burkina Faso, including the adjacent hunting zones of Tapoa-Djerma and Kondio. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e54205. [3]
• Poche R (1976). "A checklist of National Park W, Niger". Africa Mig. Field. 41 (3): 113–115.
• Poche R (1973). "Niger's threatened park 'W'". Oryx. 12 (2): 216–222. doi:10.1017/s003060530001156x.
• Rabeil T (2003) Distribution potentielles des grands mammifères dans le Parc du W au Niger. Doctoral Thesis, Univ. Paris VII. 463 S. [4]
• Price et al. (2003) The “W” Regional Park of Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger - Building on a Process of Regional Integration to Address both Local Interests and Transboundary Challenges. World Parks Congress 2003, Durban, RSA. In: Pansky, Diane (ed.). 2005. Governance Stream of the Vth World Parks Congress. Ottawa, Canada: Parks Canada and IUCN/WCPA. ISBN R62-375/2003E-MRC 0-662-40433-5. [5]
• W National Park of Niger. 2009. [6]
• Zwarg A, Schmidt M, Janßen T, Hahn K, Zizka G (2012) Plant diversity, functional traits and soil conditions of grass savannas on lateritic crusts (bowé) in south eastern Burkina Faso. Flora et Vegetatio Sudano-Sambesica 15: 15–24. [7]

External links

• W National Park travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Detailed Nigerien government tourist map.
• WCMC World Heritage Site Data Sheet
• UNESCO Page on W National Park
• BirdLife IBA Factsheet 'W' National Park.
• Le Parc du W du Niger (Niger, Burkina Faso, Bénin): Aires protégées Burkina Faso - Niger - Bénin. Centre IRD d'Orléans Research Summary, University of Orleans (France)