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Cassandreia, Cassandrea, or Kassandreia (Ancient Greek: Κασσάνδρεια, Kassándreia) was once one of the most important cities in Ancient Macedonia, founded by and named after Cassander in 316 BC. It was located on the site of the earlier Ancient Greek city of Potidaea, at the isthmus of the Pallene peninsula.^[1] The fact that Cassander named it after himself suggests that he may have intended it to be his capital, and if the canal which cuts the peninsula at this point was dug or at least planned in his time, he may have intended to develop his naval forces using it as a base with a harbour on each of the east and west sides. Cassandreia soon became a great and powerful city, surpassing the other Macedonian towns in wealth. Philip V of Macedon made Cassandreia his main naval base.^[2] At the end of the Roman Republic, around 43 BC by order of Brutus a Roman colony was settled by the proconsul Q. Hortensius Hortalus, which in 30 BC was resettled by August with the installation of new settlers and took the official name Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis.^[3] The territory of the colony had included within its boundaries the peninsula of Pallini and the district stretched north of the canal to the foot of the mountain Cholomontas.^[4] The colony enjoyed ius Italicum, and is mentioned in Pliny the Elder's encyclopaedia^[5] and in inscriptions. It was destroyed by the Huns and Slavs around 540 AD.^[1]

The modern settlement of Kassandreia (named Valta before 1955) lies to the south of the ancient site. The ancient site of Cassandreia, near the town Nea Poteidaia, has not been excavated.

The Christian diocese based on the ancient town is mentioned in the early 10th-century Notitiae Episcopatuum of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise. Its bishop Hermogenes participated in both the Robber Council of Ephesus in 449 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451.^[6]^[7] In addition to the ancient Greek Orthodox metropolis (el), Cassandria is also listed today by the Catholic Church as a titular see.^[8]

Notable people

Aristobulus (4th century BC), historian
Poseidippus (3rd century BC), comic poet

References

^ ^a ^b POTEIDAIA (Nea Poteidaia) Chalkidike, Greece, entry in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites.
^ Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Cassandreia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
^ [1] Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine D. C. Samsaris, The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis), Dodona 16(1), 1987, p. 354-362
^ [2] Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine D. C. Samsaris, The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis), Dodona 16(1), 1987, p. 363-437
^ Pliny the Elder, Natural History Book 4 Chapter 17
^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 77-78
^ Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 429
^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 860

F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine, Supplément du BCH 16, Athens, 1988.
[3] D. C. Samsaris, The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis), Dodona 16(1), 1987, p. 353-437
John R. Melville-Jones, 'L'ixola di Caxandria' in Thesaurismata 27, 1997, 125–138.

External links

Greek Coinage of Cassandreia, by Moushmov number

40°11′42″N 23°19′48″E / 40.195°N 23.330°E / 40.195; 23.330

[princeton-1] POTEIDAIA (Nea Poteidaia) Chalkidike, Greece, entry in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites.

[DGRG-2] Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Cassandreia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

[3] [1] Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine D. C. Samsaris, The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis), Dodona 16(1), 1987, p. 354-362

[4] [2] Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine D. C. Samsaris, The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis), Dodona 16(1), 1987, p. 363-437

[5] Pliny the Elder, Natural History Book 4 Chapter 17

[6] Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 77-78

[7] Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 429

[8] Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 860

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+{{Short description|City in Ancient Macedonia}}
-'''Cassandreia''' (Greek: Κασσάνδρεια '''Kassandreia''', modern transliteration: '''Kassandria''') or '''Cassandria''' was one of the most important cities in Ancient [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]] founded by and named after [[Cassander]] in [[316 BC]] located near the site of the earlier[[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] city of [[Potidaea]].  The territory comprised the areas of [[Olynthus]] and [[Mekyberna]] to the northeast,  [[Bottiaea]] to the northwest and the small isthmus of Pallene (now Kassandra) to the east.  At the end of the [[Roman Republic]], a Roman colony was settled around [[43 BC]] by the order of [[Brutus]], by the proconsul Q. Hortensius Hortatus.  The official colonial name was ''Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis''.  The colony enjoyed ''[[ius Italicum]]''.  It is mentioned in [[Pliny the Elder]]'s encyclopaedia (IV, 36) and in its inscriptions.
+{{Redirect|Kassandreia (ancient city)|a town in Greece|Kassandreia}}
+[[File:Cassandreia location.jpg|thumb|Cassandreia]]
+'''Cassandreia''', '''Cassandrea''',  or '''Kassandreia''' ({{langx|grc|Κασσάνδρεια}}, ''Kassándreia'') was once one of the most important cities in [[Ancient Macedonia]], founded by and named after [[Cassander]] in 316 BC. It was located on the site of the earlier [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] city of [[Potidaea]], at the isthmus of the [[Pallene, Chalcidice|Pallene]] peninsula.<ref name=princeton>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0006:entry=poteidaia POTEIDAIA (Nea Poteidaia) Chalkidike, Greece], entry in The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites.</ref> The fact that Cassander named it after himself suggests that he may have intended it to be his capital, and if the canal which cuts the peninsula at this point was dug or at least planned in his time, he may have intended to develop his naval forces using it as a base with a harbour on each of the east and west sides. Cassandreia soon became a great and powerful city, surpassing the other Macedonian towns in wealth. [[Philip V of Macedon]] made Cassandreia his main naval base.<ref name=DGRG>{{cite DGRG|title=Cassandreia}}</ref> At the end of the [[Roman Republic]], around 43 BC by order of Brutus a Roman colony was settled by the proconsul Q. Hortensius Hortalus, which in 30 BC was resettled by August with the installation of new settlers and took the official name ''Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis''.<ref>[http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6116/1/13.%20%CE%97%20%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424175948/http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6116/1/13.%20%CE%97%20%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1.pdf |date=2017-04-24 }} D. C. Samsaris, ''The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia  (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis)'', Dodona 16(1), 1987, p. 354-362</ref> The territory of the colony had included within its boundaries the peninsula of Pallini and the district stretched north of the canal to the foot of the mountain Cholomontas.<ref>[http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6116/1/13.%20%CE%97%20%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424175948/http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6116/1/13.%20%CE%97%20%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1.pdf |date=2017-04-24 }} D. C. Samsaris, ''The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia  (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis)'', Dodona 16(1), 1987, p. 363-437</ref> The colony enjoyed ''[[ius Italicum]]'', and is mentioned in [[Pliny the Elder]]'s encyclopaedia<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'' Book 4 Chapter 17</ref> and in inscriptions. It was destroyed by the [[Huns]] and [[Slavs]] around 540 AD.<ref name=princeton/>
-The modern settlement of [[Kassandra, Greece|Kassandra]] (Kassandreia) is south of the ancient site south of the present-day canal.  The ancient site of Cassandreia is not excavated.  The peninsula of Kassandra lies to the south. This was the westermost of the three peninsulas of Halkidike, the middle one being the Sithone/Torone peninsula and the eastermost Mount Athos.
+The modern settlement of [[Kassandreia]] (named Valta before 1955) lies to the south of the ancient site. The ancient site of Cassandreia, near the town [[Nea Poteidaia]], has not been excavated.
-Its southernmost point is near Paliouri which is also the prefecture's southernmost point, the promontories includes the [[Kassandreia (cape)|Kassandreia]] to the west and the [[Kanastraio]] to the east.  Except for Kanastraio, none of these capes marks the extremities of the peninsula except for the eastern part.
+The Christian [[diocese]] based on the ancient town is mentioned in the early 10th-century ''[[Notitiae Episcopatuum]]'' of [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Emperor]] [[Leo VI the Wise]]. Its bishop Hermogenes participated in both the [[Robber Council]] of Ephesus in 449 and the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451.<ref>Michel Lequien, [https://books.google.com/books?id=86weAemI-e4C ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 77-78</ref><ref>Pius Bonifacius Gams, [http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=65154&dirids=1 ''Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae''], Leipzig 1931, p.&nbsp;429</ref> In addition to the ancient Greek Orthodox metropolis <small>([[:el:Ιερά Μητρόπολις Κασσανδρείας|el]])</small>, Cassandria is also listed today by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular see]].<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 860</ref>
-The canal on the norther side of [[Nea Potidaia]] to the north divides the peninsula from the rest of Chalkidiki.
+== Notable people ==
-The peninsula of Kassandra features picturesque villages, beautiful green nature filled with grasslands and forests, beaches including one in Sani, and tourist attractions.
+*[[Aristobulus of Cassandreia|Aristobulus]] (4th century BC), historian
-__NOTOC__
+*[[Poseidippus of Cassandreia|Poseidippus]] (3rd century BC), comic poet
-==The Peninsula==
-===Settlements===
-*[[Agia Paraskevi (Chalkidiki), Greece]]
-*[[Athytos]]
-*[[Chanioti]] or Hanioti
-*[[Fourka (Chalkidiki)]]
-*[[Kalandra]]
-*[[Kallithea (Chalkidiki), Greece]]
-*[[Kassandreia]]
-*[[Kriopigi]]
-*[[Mola Kalyva]]
-*[[Nea Potidaia]]
-*[[Nea Fokaia]]
-*[[Nea Skioni]]
-*[[Paliouri]]
-*[[Pefkochori]]
-*[[Polychrono]] or Polihrono
-*[[Sani, Griekenland]]
-*[[Siviri]]
-*[[Paralia Fourkas]]
-*[[Kassandrino]]
-==History==
-Kassandra was one of the places that rebelled against the [[Ottoman]] in 1821. Because it managed to stop the Turkish army from fighting the south [[Greece]] rebels it was burnt from edge to edge. The refugees moved with fishing boats to the islands of [[Skiathos]], [[Skopelos]], [[Alonissos]] and [[Evoia]]. Nobody lived in the peninsula for more than 30 years. Then the population started to gather again. In 1912 it became a part of [[Greece]].
-The peninsula was lined with paved road in the mid-[[20th century]].  Tourism also arrived beginning after the war period of [[World War II]] and the [[Greek Civil War]].  More paved roads were added in the [[1970s]] and the [[1980s]] and tourism popped out.  Agriculture shifted to tourism and other businesses as its primary industry in the [[1980s]].
-On [[August 22]], [[2006]], the peninsula was struck by a major forest fire (see also [[Forest fires in Greece, 2006]]) that affected the central and the southern parts of the peninsula, the day of the heatwave when temperatures soared nearly 40°C.  Several houses were destroyed including villas, hotels and one campground disappeared as the natural beauty was to be erased.  It burnt about 1,000 to 2,000 ha of forests including some farmlands.  Aerial pictures were reported near [[Sani, Greece|Sani]] Beach inland to a point where pastures and mountain roads are located and saw smoke throughout the peninsula.  It can be seen across the gulf.  The cause of this tremendous fire was dry lightning occurred throughout the evening.  Power were cut to all affected villages.  The forest fire lasted nearly five days and devastated the economy and the peninsula.  All roads in the southern part were closed.  Villages that were affected were [[Chanioti]], [[Nea Skioni]], [[Polychrono]], [[Pefkochori]], [[Kriopigi]], [[Kassandrino]] and near the coastline.
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
-*[[F. Papazoglou]], ''[[Les villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine]]'' , Supplément du BCH 16, [[Athens]], 1988.
+*F. Papazoglou, ''Les villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine'', Supplément du BCH 16, [[Athens]], 1988.
-*[[D. Samsaris]], ''[[La colonie romaine de Cassandréa en Macédoine. Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis]]'' (''The Roman Colony of Cassandra in Macedonia.  Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis''). [[Dodona]] 16(1), 1987, 353-437.
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170424175948/http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6116/1/13.%20%CE%97%20%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1.pdf] D. C. Samsaris, ''The Roman Colony of Cassandreia in Macedonia  (Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis)'', Dodona 16(1), 1987, p.&nbsp;353-437
+*John R. Melville-Jones, 'L'ixola di Caxandria' in Thesaurismata 27, 1997, 125–138.
-{{Wikinews|Forest fire in Chalkidiki causes political attention in Greece}}
 ==External links==
+*[http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/macedonia/cassandrea/i.html Greek Coinage of Cassandreia], [https://web.archive.org/web/20140214032451/http://wildwinds.com/moushmov/cassandrea.html by Moushmov number]
+{{Authority control}}
-*[http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/macedonia/cassandrea/i.html Greek Coinage of Cassandreia], [http://www.wildwinds.com/moushmov/cassandrea.html by Moushmov number]
+{{coord|40.195|23.330|region:GR|display=title}}
-*[http://www.ionbee.net/gallery/greece/hanioti.php Pictures of Hanioti]
-*[http://www.hri.org/news/greek/ana/2006/06-08-22.ana Forest fire rampaged Chalkidiki on August 22, 2006] from the [[Athens News Agency]]
-[[Category:316 BC establishments]]
+[[Category:316 BC]]
+[[Category:Populated places established in the 4th century BC]]
+[[Category:Macedonian colonies]]
+[[Category:Hellenistic colonies in Chalcidice]]
 [[Category:Ancient Greek cities]]
-[[Category:Chalcidice]]
+[[Category:Coloniae (Roman)]]
-[[Category:Headlands of Greece]]
+[[Category:Former populated places in Greece]]
+[[Category:Ancient Cassandreians| ]]
+[[Category:Antipatrid colonies in Macedonia]]
-[[de:Kassandreia]]
+[[Category:310s BC establishments]]
-[[fr:Cassandréia]]
+[[Category:Populated places in ancient Macedonia]]
-[[nl:Kassandra (schiereiland)]]
+[[Category:Dioceses of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]
-[[sv:Kassandria]]
+[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Europe]]