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{{Short description|Famous geophysicists}}
This is a '''list of geophysicists''', people who were trained in or practice [[geophysics]]:
[[Image:Zhang Heng.jpg|thumb|upright|Zhang Heng, inventor of the first [[seismoscope]] ]]
This is a '''list of geophysicists''', people who made [[Notability in English Wikipedia|notable]] contributions to [[geophysics]], whether or not geophysics was their primary field. These include historical figures who laid the foundations for the field of geophysics.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Gillmor|editor-first= C. Stewart|title=History of geophysics |volume=1|year=1986|publisher=American Geophysical Union|location=Washington|issn=8755-1217}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Gillmor|editor-first= C. Stewart|title=History of geophysics |volume=2|year=1986|publisher=American Geophysical Union|location=Washington|isbn=978-0-87590-276-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Landa|editor-first=Edward R.|title=History of geophysics|volume=3: The History of Hydrology|year=1987|publisher=American Geophysical Union|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-0-87590-277-7|editor2-first=Simon |editor2-last=Ince}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Gillmor|editor-first=C. Stewart|title=History of geophysics|year=1990|volume=4 |publisher=American Geophysical Union|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-87590-278-4}}</ref> More recently, some of the top awards for geophysicists are the [[Vetlesen Prize]] (intended to be the equivalent of a [[Nobel Prize]] for geology or geophysics); the [[William Bowie Medal]] (the top award of the [[American Geophysical Union]]); the [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (the top award of the [[Society of Exploration Geophysicists]]); and the [[Crafoord Prize]] for geosciences. Some geophysicists have also won more general prizes such as the Nobel Prize and the [[Kyoto Prize]].


<!-- Evidence of notability required, such as a Wikipedia article. -->
* [[Albert P. Crary]]
{{Compact ToC|name=no|center=yes|top=no|seealso=yes|notes=|refs=yes|custom1=}}
* [[Maurice Ewing]]
* [[Harry Hammond Hess]]
* [[M. King Hubbert]]
* [[Schlumberger brothers|Conrad and Marcel Schlumberger]]
* [[Alfred Wegener]]
* [[J. Lamar Worzel]]


==A==
[[Category:Lists of people by occupation|Geophysicists]] [[Category:Geophysics]]
* [[Leason Adams]] (American, 1887–1969) – high pressure mineral physics
* [[Thomas J Ahrens]] (American, 1936–2010) – experimental methods for modeling [[hypervelocity]] impacts and materials in the [[Outer core|Earth's core]] and [[mantle (geology)|mantle]]
* [[Hannes Alfvén]] (Swedish, 1908–1995) – [[Alfvén waves]], [[magnetohydrodynamics]] of [[magnetosphere]]; [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]
* [[Giuseppina Aliverti]] (Italian, 1894–1982) – [[Geophysics|geophysicist]] remembered for developing the Aliverti-Lovera method of measuring the radioactivity of water
* [[Keiiti Aki]] (Japanese-American, 1930–2005) – seismology; [[William Bowie Medal]]
* [[Claude Allègre]] (French, 1937– ) [[Crafoord Prize]]
* [[Don L. Anderson]] (American, 1933–2014) – [[seismology]] and [[Earth's interior]] (including the [[Preliminary reference Earth model]]); [[Crafoord Prize]]
* [[Nigel Anstey]] (British, 1927– ) – [[exploration geophysics|exploration geophysicist]] ; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)
* [[Tanya Atwater]] (American, 1942– ) – [[plate tectonic]] history of North America

==B==
[[Image:Albert Francis Birch00.jpg|thumb|upright|Francis Birch]]
* [[George Edward Backus]] (American, 1930– ) – geophysical mathematician, development of geophysical [[Inverse problem|inverse methods]]; contributions to [[dynamo theory]]
* Milo Backus (American, 1932–2018) – [[exploration geophysics|exploration geophysicist]]; practical 3D exploration; [[Maurice_Ewing_Medal]] (SEG)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Milo Backus |encyclopedia=SEG wiki |year= |publisher=Society of Exploration Geophysicists |location= |url=https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Milo_Backus |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[Peter Barlow (mathematician)|Peter Barlow]] (English, 1776–1862) – experimental and observational studies of [[terrestrial magnetism]], [[Copley Medal]]
* [[Anthony R. Barringer]] (Canadian/American, 1925–2009) – developed the INPUT airborne electromagnetic system for detecting [[ore]]s ; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)
* [[Julius Bartels]] (German, 1899–1964) – contributed to physics of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]]; [[geomagnetism]], [[meteorology]] and the physics of the [[ionosphere]]
* [[Louis Agricola Bauer|Louis Bauer]] (American, 1865–1932) – mapped the [[Earth's magnetic field]]
* [[Hugo Benioff]] (American, 1899–1968) – discovered [[Wadati–Benioff zone|link between deep earthquakes and subduction zones]]
* [[Lloyd Berkner]] (American, 1905–1967) – studied the ionosphere
* [[Henry Bryant Bigelow]] (American, 1879–1967) – awarded the [[William Bowie Medal]]
* [[Francis Birch (geophysicist)|Francis Birch]] (American, 1903–1992) – developed [[mineral physics|theoretical and experimental models]] for the [[Earth's interior]]; [[Vetlesen Prize]]
* [[Kristian Birkeland]] (Norwegian, 1867–1917) – first realized that energetic electrons cause the [[aurora (astronomy)|aurora]]; nominated 7 times for [[Nobel Prize]]
* [[Abu Rayhan Biruni]] (Persian, 973–1048) – made accurate measure of [[circumference of Earth]] and other contributions to [[geodesy]]
* [[Jacob Bjerknes]] (Norwegian-American, 1897–1975) – awarded the William Bowie Medal
* [[Patrick Blackett]] (English, 1897–1974) – [[paleomagnetism]], [[continental drift]], [[Nobel Prize]]
* [[Martin Bott]] (British, 1926–2018) – [[magnetic anomaly|magnetic anomalies]], [[gravity anomaly|gravity anomalies]]
* [[Pierre Bouguer]] (French, 1698–1758) – [[geodesy]]; the [[Bouguer anomaly|Bouguer gravity anomaly]]
* [[William Bowie (engineer)|William Bowie]] (American, 1872–1940) – [[geodesy]] and [[isostasy]]
* [[Wallace Smith Broecker]] (American, 1931–2019) – [[climate]], [[ocean circulation]]; Crafoord Prize, Vetlesen Prize
* [[Bernard Brunhes]] (French, 1867–1910) – [[paleomagnetism]]; discovered the [[Brunhes–Matuyama reversal|first geomagnetic reversal]]
* [[Walter Hermann Bucher]] (German-American, 1888–1965) – awarded the William Bowie Medal
* [[Edward Bullard]] (British, 1907–1980) – developed theory of [[geodynamo]], pioneered use of [[seismology]] to study the sea floor, and used seafloor [[bathymetry]] to test [[continental drift]]
* [[Keith Edward Bullen]] (New Zealand-born, 1906–1976) – [[seismology|seismological]] interpretation of the [[Structure of the Earth|deep structure of the Earth's mantle and core]]
* [[Victor Robertovich Bursian]] (Russian, 1886–1945) – pioneer in theory of [[Electrical resistivity tomography]]

==C==
[[Image:Cavendish Henry signature.jpg|thumb|upright|Henry Cavendish]]
* [[Henry Cavendish]] (British, 1731–1810) – made first estimate of the [[Earth mass|mass of the Earth]]
* [[Anny Cazenave]] (French, 1944– ) – geodesy and satellite altimetry; awarded William Bowie Medal
* Vlastislav Cervený (Czech) – [[exploration geophysics|exploration geophysicist]]; seismic ray theory; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Vlastislav Cervený |encyclopedia=SEG wiki |year= |publisher=Society of Exploration Geophysicists |location= |url=https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Vlastislav_Cervený |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[Sydney Chapman (mathematician)|Sydney Chapman]] (British, 1888–1970) – predicted [[magnetosphere]]; developed theories for effect of [[solar wind]] on [[geomagnetic storm]]s and [[aurora (astronomy)|aurorae]]
* [[Jule Gregory Charney]] (American, 1917–1981) – dynamical meteorology; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Jon Claerbout]] (American, 1937– ) – [[exploration geophysics]] seismic data processing and imaging; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)
* [[Alexis Clairaut]] (French, 1713–1765) – proved [[Clairaut's theorem]] and calculated the [[Earth ellipsoid|ellipticity of the Earth]]
* [[William Compston]] (Australian, 1931– ) – developed the Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro Probe for isotopic analyses of geological samples
* [[Vincent Courtillot]] (French, 1948– ) – [[paleomagnetism|paleomagnetist]]; promoted theory that [[mass extinctions]] are caused by [[Large igneous provinces|massive volcanic episodes]]
* [[Thomas Cowling]] (English, 1906–1990) – solar magnetic field, dynamo theory
* [[Allan V. Cox]] (American, 1926–1987) – created a timeline for [[geomagnetic reversals]] and was a pioneer in [[plate tectonics]]; Vetlesen Prize
* [[Albert P. Crary]] (American, 1911–1987) – [[Arctic exploration|Arctic]] and [[History of Antarctica|Antarctic]] exploration, [[seismology]]

==D==
[[File:Adam Dziewoński, Schlosshotel Linderhof - 09150004 ff34219 03.jpg|thumb|upright|Adam Dziewoński]]
* [[Reginald Aldworth Daly]] (Canadian, 1871–1957) – awarded the William Bowie Medal
* [[George Howard Darwin]] (British, 1845–1912) – analyzed [[tides]] and tidal friction; first to develop mathematical theory for evolution of the Sun–Earth–Moon system
* [[Arthur Louis Day]] (American, 1869–1960) – mineral physics and volcanology
* [[Everette Lee DeGolyer]] (American, 1886–1956) – [[exploration geophysics]] in the petroleum industry
* [[Robert S. Dietz]] (American, 1914–1995) – proposed (and named) – theory of [[seafloor spreading]]; discovered several [[impact craters]] including [[Sudbury Basin]]
* Hewitt Dix (American, 1905–1987) – [[exploration geophysics]]; creator of the Dix equation for reflection velocity, recipient of the [[Maurice Ewing Medal]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=C. Hewitt Dix |encyclopedia=SEG wiki |year= |publisher=Society of Exploration Geophysicists |location= |url=https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/C._Hewitt_Dix |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[Richard Doell]] (American, 1923–2008) – created a timeline for geomagnetic reversals and was a pioneer in plate tectonics; Vetlesen Prize
* [[James Dooge]] (Irish, 1922–2010) – hydrology
* [[Erich von Drygalski]] (German, 1865–1949) – polar explorer and geophysicist
* [[Adam Dziewonski]] (Polish/American, 1936–2016) – [[Structure of the Earth|large-scale structure of Earth's interior]] and nature of [[earthquakes]]; Crafoord Prize

==E==
* [[Carl Eckart]] (American, 1902–1973) – [[underwater acoustics]]; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Walter M. Elsasser]] (American, 1904–1991) – first mathematical [[dynamo theory]] for Earth's [[outer core]]
* [[Loránd Eötvös]] (Hungarian, 1848–1919) – developed a highly accurate [[Torsion spring#Torsion balance|torsion balance]] for [[gravimetry]]
* [[Eratosthenes]] (Greek, c. 276 BC–195 BC) – measured circumference of the Earth and the tilt of its axis
* [[Maurice Ewing]] (American, 1906–1974) – broad contributions to seafloor seismology; predicted and discovered the [[SOFAR channel]]

==F==
[[File:Joseph Siffrein Duplessis - Benjamin Franklin - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright|Benjamin Franklin]]
* [[Gerhard Fanselau]] (German, 1904–1982) – geomagnetic observations
* [[Joe Farman|Joseph Charles Farman]] (British, 1930–2013) – co-discoverer of the [[ozone hole]]
* [[Yevgeny Konstantinovich Fyodorov]] (Russian, 1910–1981) – pioneer in Arctic geophysical survey
* [[Osmond Fisher]] (British, 1817–1914) – [[continental drift]]
* [[John Adam Fleming]] (American, 1877–1956) – magnetosphere and atmospheric electricity
* [[James David Forbes]] (British, 1809–1868) – built the first [[seismometer]]
* [[Scott Forbush]] (American, 1904–1984) – solar-terrestrial interactions and the [[Forbush decrease]]
* [[Efi Foufoula-Georgiou]] (Greek, 1957–) – [[wavelet]] analysis
* [[Gillian Foulger]] (English, 1952– ) – [[plate theory (volcanism)|plate theory]]
* [[Robert Were Fox the Younger]] (British, 1789–1877) – discovered the [[geothermal gradient]]; constructed a [[dip circle]] for use at sea
* [[Benjamin Franklin]] (American, 1706–1790) – established that [[lightning]] is electrical

==G==
* [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] (German, 1777–1855) – first mathematical representation of [[Earth's magnetic field]]; geodetic surveys
* [[Henry Gellibrand]] (English, 1597–1637) – discovered that [[Magnetic dip|magnetic declination]] varies with time
* [[James Freeman Gilbert]] (American, 1931–2014) – development of geophysical [[Inverse problem|inverse theory]]; network of seismometers to study Earth's free oscillation
* [[William Gilbert (astronomer)|William Gilbert]] (English, 1544–1603) – early magnetic experiments; first to argue that the Earth itself is magnetic
* [[George Graham (clockmaker)|George Graham]] (English 1673 – November 1751) – discovery of the [[diurnal variation]] of the [[Earth's magnetic field]]; related [[Aurora borealis]] to magnetic field variations
* [[Cecil H. Green]] (British-born American, 1900–2003) – [[exploration geophysics]] geophysical entrepreneur and philanthropist; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)
* [[Harsh Gupta]] (Indian, 1942– ) – methodology for discriminating normal earthquakes from reservoir-induced ones, study on the genesis of stable continental region earthquakes; [[Padma Shri]], [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] and [[Waldo E. Smith Award]]
* [[Beno Gutenberg]] (American, 1889–1960) – probability distribution of earthquake energies and relation of energy to magnitude

==H==
[[File:Stieler, Joseph Karl - Alexander von Humboldt - 1843.jpg|thumb|upright|Alexander von Humboldt in 1843]]
* [[Edmond Halley]] (English, 1656–1742) – first chart of [[Earth's magnetic field]]
* [[Christopher Hansteen]] (Norwegian, 1784–1873) – produced the first charts of the intensity of the [[Earth's magnetic field]]
* [[Harry Hammond Hess]] (American, 1906–1969) – seafloor [[gravity anomalies]] and theory of [[seafloor spreading]]
* [[Georg Hartmann]] (German, 1489–1564) – kept early records of [[magnetic declination]]
* [[Bernhard Haurwitz]] (American, 1905–1986) – meteorology
* [[Veikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen]] (Finnish, 1895–1971) – studies of the global [[geoid]]
* [[Raymond Hide]] (British, 1929–2016)
* [[Arthur Holmes]] (British, 1890–1965) – performed first [[uranium–lead dating]]
* [[M. King Hubbert]] (American, 1903–1989) – correct statement of [[Darcy's law]] and mathematical demonstration that rock undergoes [[Deformation (geology)#Plastic deformation|plastic deformation]]; Vetlesen Prize
* [[Alexander von Humboldt]] (German, 1769–1859) – global network of [[geomagnetic]] observatories
* [[Rosemary Hutton]] (Scottish, 1925–2004) – geophysicist and pioneer of [[magnetotellurics]]

==I==
* [[Akitsune Imamura]] (Japanese, 1870–1948) – seismologist
* [[Ted Irving]] (Canadian, 1927–2014) – early [[paleomagnetism|paleomagnetic]] evidence for [[continental drift]]
* [[Ahmet Mete Işıkara]] (Turkish, 1941–2013) – earthquake scientist

==J==
* [[James A. Jackson]] (English, 1954– ) – seismologist; contributed to rebuttal of the 'jelly sandwich' model of the crust
* [[J.A. Jacobs|John Arthur “Jack” Jacobs]] (English 1916 – 2003) - primary area of research was geomagnetism
* [[Harold Jeffreys]] (British, 1891–1989) – deduced that the Earth's [[outer core]] is molten; contributed to [[mathematical geophysics]]; Vetlesen Prize
* [[Lucy Jones]] (American, 1955– ) – earthquake science and safety
* [[Thomas H. Jordan]] (American, 1948– ) – seismic contributions to [[plate tectonics]]


==K==
* [[Hiroo Kanamori]] (American, 1936– ) – fundamental contributions to the physics of [[earthquakes]]; [[Kyoto Prize]]
* [[Louise H. Kellogg]] (American, 1959–2019) – modeling of the Earth's mantle
* William Thomson, [[Lord Kelvin]] (Irish, 1824–1907) – influential estimate of the [[age of the Earth]], ultimately proved incorrect

==L==
* [[Kurt Lambeck]] (Dutch, 1941– ) – changed understanding of the ways [[post-glacial rebound]] affects [[Current sea level rise|ocean levels]]; awarded [[Wollaston Medal]] and [[Balzan Prize]]
* [[Johann von Lamont]] (Scottish, 1805–1879) – surveys of the [[Earth's magnetic field]]
* [[Louis J. Lanzerotti]] (American, 1938– ) – magnetosphere and ionosphere; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Joseph Larmor]] (Northern Irish, 1857–1942) – [[Larmor precession|proton precession]], dynamo theory
* [[Inge Lehmann]] (Danish, 1888–1993) – [[seismology|seismologist]] who discovered the [[Lehmann discontinuity]] and argued for a solid [[inner core]]
* [[Xavier Le Pichon]] (French, 1937– ) – constructed history of plate motions
* [[Royden Charles Lilwall]] (British, 1944-2023) - Geophysicist / seismologist locating the epicenter of earthquakes
* [[Humphrey Lloyd (physicist)|Humphrey Lloyd]] (Irish, 1800–1881) – observational geomagnetism
* [[Cinna Lomnitz]] (Chilean–Mexican, 1925–2016) – creator of "Lomnitz Law", founder of Mexico's first seismic network and editor of ''[[Geofísica Internacional]]''
* [[Andrew Long]] (Australian, 1965– ) – developed widely used instruments for marine exploration for oil and gas; Honorary Lecturer (Pacific South) for the [[Society of Exploration Geophysicists]]
* [[Augustus Edward Hough Love]] (English, 1863–1940) – developed theory of [[Love waves]]
* [[Bruce P. Luyendyk]] (American, 1943– ) – marine geophysics
* [[Transverse isotropy|Leon Thomsen]] (American, 1942 ) - Seismic anisotropy Thomsen parameters (Awards: [[Maurice Ewing Medal]], [[National Academy of Engineering|N.A.E.]])

==M==
[[File:Marcia McNutt-201002.jpg|thumb|upright|Marcia McNutt]]
[[Image:Mohorovicic - pametni deska Klementinum.jpg|thumb|upright|Andrija Mohorovičić]]

* [[Gordon J. F. MacDonald]] (American, 1929–2002) – investigated rotation of the Earth and [[true polar wander]]
* [[James B. Macelwane]] (American, 1883–1956) – seismologist; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan]] (French, 1678 –1771) – [[figure of the Earth|shape of the Earth]] and [[aurora (astronomy)|aurora]]
* [[Robert Mallet]] (Irish, 1810–1881) – developed controlled source [[seismology]]; coined terms ''seismology'' and ''[[epicenter]]''
* [[Syukuro Manabe]] (Japanese, 1931– ) – climate models; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Pierre de Maricourt]] (Petrus Peregrinus) (French, [[floruit|fl.]] 1269) – first extant treatise on properties of [[magnets]]; detailed study of the [[compass]]
* [[Edme Mariotte]] (French, 1620–1684) – one of the pioneers of modern [[hydrology]]; used floats to measure river flow
* [[Drummond Matthews]] (British, 1931–1997) – used ocean [[magnetic anomalies]] to confirm theory of [[seafloor spreading]]
* [[Motonori Matuyama]] (Japanese, 1884–1958) – first to show that a [[geomagnetic reversal]] had occurred in the past
* [[Dan McKenzie (geophysicist)|Dan McKenzie]] (British, 1942– ) – mathematical framework for [[plate tectonics]]; [[mantle convection]]; [[sedimentary basin]] formation; Crafoord Prize
* Harry Mayne (American, 1913–1990) – [[exploration geophysics|exploration geophysicist]], invented CRP stacking for noise reduction; [[Maurice_Ewing_Medal|Maurice Ewing Medal (SEG)]]
* [[Marcia McNutt]] (American, 1952– ) – elastic strength of [[lithosphere]]; identified the South Pacific superswell
* [[Felix Andries Vening Meinesz]] (Dutch, 1887–1966) – developed a precise [[gravimeter]] and discovered [[gravity anomalies]] above the ocean floor
* [[Oscar Edward Meinzer]] (American, 1876–1948) – groundwater hydrology; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Henry William Menard]] (American, 1920–1986) – plate tectonics; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Giuseppe Mercalli]] (Italian, 1850–1914) – developed [[Mercalli intensity scale]] for measuring [[earthquakes]]
* [[John Milne]] (British, 1849–1913) – invented the horizontal pendulum [[seismograph]]
* [[Andrija Mohorovičić]] (Croatian, 1857–1936) – identified [[Mohorovičić discontinuity]];
* [[W. Jason Morgan]] (American, 1935–2023) – [[geodynamics]], [[plate tectonics]]
* [[Jean Morlet]] (French, 1931–2007) – developed the [[wavelet transform]] for [[exploration geophysics]]
* [[Lawrence Morley]] (Canadian, 1920–2013)) – used ocean [[magnetic anomalies]] to confirm theory of [[seafloor spreading]]
* Ahsan Mubarak (Pakistani, ?) – seismic detection of nuclear tests
* [[Walter Munk]] (American, 1917–2019) – rotation of the earth; acoustic tomography of the oceans; Crafoord Prize, Vetlesen Prize, [[Kyoto Prize]]

==N==
* [[Louis Néel]] (French, 1904–2000) – developed theory to explain the [[thermoremanent magnetization|stable magnetization]] in volcanic rocks; [[Nobel Prize]] in physics
* [[Marcia Neugebauer]] (American, 1932– ) – space physicist and president of the [[American Geophysical Union]]
* [[Marcel Nicolet]] (Belgian, 1912–1996) – ionosphere; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Robert Norman]] (English, [[Wiktionary:circa|circa]] 1550–1600) – re-discovery of [[magnetic dip]]
* Amos_Nur (American, 1938–2024) – [[exploration geophysics]]; rock physics; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ray |first1=Elaine |title=Amos Nur awarded Maurice Ewing Medal for contributions to geophysics |url=https://news.stanford.edu/thedish/2011/09/29/amos-nur-awarded-maurice-ewing-medal-for-contributions-to-geophysics/ |accessdate=5 October 2020 |work=The Dish |publisher=Stanford University |date=29 September 2011 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Amos Nur |encyclopedia=SEG wiki |year= |publisher=Society of Exploration Geophysicists |location= |url=https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Amos_Nur |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>

==O==
* [[Abel Idowu Olayinka]] (Nigerian, 1958– ) – applied geophysicist
* [[Richard Dixon Oldham]] (British, 1858–1936) – seismologist, first clear evidence for separate arrivals of [[P-wave]]s, [[S-wave]]s and [[Seismic wave#Surface waves|surface waves]] on [[seismogram]]s; first clear evidence for Earth's core

==P==
[[File:Frank Press Jerusalem1953.jpg|thumb|upright|Frank Press, Jerusalem 1953]]
* [[Luigi Palmieri]] (Italian, 1807–1896) – seismic studies of [[Mount Vesuvius]]
* [[Eugene Parker]] (American, 1927–2022) – solar wind and magnetospheres of the Earth and Sun; awarded Kyoto Prize, National Medal of Science, William Bowie Medal
* Antares Parvulescu (American, 1923–1998) – inventor of the first time-reversal experiment, and matched equivalent-space signal (MESS) processing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Navy physicist Antares Parvulescu dies at 74|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/07/18/navy-physicist-antares-parvulescu-dies-at-74/5313b6d2-3834-41c5-942e-6f1c7c924ce8/|accessdate=6 September 2016|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=18 July 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Larmat|first1=Carène|last2=Clay|first2=Clarence S.|title=Time Reversal in Seismology|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics|series=Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series |year=2011 |pages=1449–1452|doi=10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_234|isbn=978-90-481-8701-0 }}</ref>
* [[Blaise Pascal]] (French, 1623–1662) – demonstrated that [[atmospheric pressure]] decreases with altitude
* [[Chaim Leib Pekeris]] (American, 1908–1993) – mathematical methods to study free vibrations of Earth, tides, and origin of [[Earth's magnetic field]]; Vetlesen Prize
* [[William Richard Peltier]] (Canadian, 1943– ) – [[geophysical fluid dynamics]], [[glacial rebound]], [[climate change]], Vetlesen Prize
* [[Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt]] (French, 13th century) – wrote the first extant treatise describing the properties of [[magnets]] and the earliest detailed discussion of freely pivoting [[compass]] needles
* [[Pierre Perrault (scientist)|Pierre Perrault]] (1608–1680) – developed the concept of the [[hydrological cycle]]
* [[Alexis Perrey]] (French, 1807–1882) – seismologist
* [[Walter C. Pitman, III]] (American, 1931–2019) – [[seafloor spreading]] and tectonics
* [[George W. Platzman]] (American, 1920–2008) – [[geophysical fluid dynamics]], [[numerical weather prediction]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Koppes|first=Steve|title=George W. Platzman, meteorologist, 1920–2008|url=http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2008/08/18/george-w-platzman-meteorologist-1920-2008|work=UChicagoNews|publisher=The University of Chicago|date=18 August 2008|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref>
* [[John Henry Pratt]] (British, 1809–1871) – laid foundation for principle of [[isostasy]]
* [[Frank Press]] (American, 1924–2020) – design of a long-period seismograph, and the first detection of the Earth's normal modes of oscillation; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)
* [[Albert Thomas Price]] (British, 1903–1978) – geomagnetism and global electromagnetic induction

==R==
* [[Harry Fielding Reid]] (American, 1859–1944) – [[elastic-rebound theory]] and other contributions to seismology
* [[Roger Revelle]] (American, 1909–1991) – global warming and plate tectonics; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Charles Francis Richter]] (American, 1900–1985) – creation of [[Richter magnitude scale]]
* [[Ted Ringwood]] (Australian, 1930–1993) – mineral physics; awarded William Bowie Medal and Wollaston Medal
* Enders Robinson (American, 1928– ) – [[exploration geophysics|exploration geophysicist]]; co-inventor of digital seismic signal processing; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Enders Robinson |encyclopedia=SEG wiki |year= |publisher=Society of Exploration Geophysicists |location= |url=https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Enders_Robinson |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe]] (Venezuelan, 1942– ) – global warming; awarded William Bowie Medal
* [[Keith Runcorn]] (British, 1922–1995) – [[paleomagnetism|paleomagnetic]] work supporting [[continental drift]]; [[apparent polar wander]]

==S==
[[File:Susan Solomon-Desk With Globe.jpg|thumb|Susan Solomon]]
* [[Edward Sabine]] (Irish, 1788–1883) – measured oblateness of the Earth; established system of magnetic observatories
* [[Benjamin D. Santer]] (American, 1955– ) – climatologist
* [[Schlumberger brothers|Conrad Schlumberger]] (French, 1878–1936) – and [[Schlumberger brothers|Marcel Schlumberger]] (French, 1884–1953) – invented electric [[well logging]]
* [[Michael Schoenberg]] (American, 1939–2008) – contributions to seismic anisotropy
* [[Alessandro Serpieri]] (Italian, 1823–1885) – seismologist
* [[Nicholas Shackleton]] (British, 1937–2006) – [[paleoceanography]], [[climate]], [[Crafoord Prize]], Vetlesen Prize
* [[Irwin I. Shapiro]] (American, 1929– ) – awarded [[William Bowie Medal]]
* [[Otto Schmidt]] (Russian, 1891–1956)
* [[Shen Kuo]] (Chinese, 1031–1095) – discovered [[magnetic declination]]
* [[Robert E. Sheriff]] (American, 1922–2014) – [[exploration geophysics]]; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)
* John Sherwood (British) – [[exploration geophysics]] ; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=John Sherwood |encyclopedia=SEG wiki |year= |publisher=Society of Exploration Geophysicists |location= |url=https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/John_Sherwood |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[Eugene Merle Shoemaker]] (American, 1928–1997) – planetary science; awarded [[William Bowie Medal]]
* [[Paul Silver|Paul G. Silver]] (American, 1948–2009) – [[seismic anisotropy]] and splitting of [[shear waves]]
* [[Fred Singer]] (Austrian-American, 1924–2020) – atmospheric physicist, [[global warming denial|global warming denier]]
* [[Susan Solomon]] (American, 1956– ) – proposed [[chlorofluorocarbons]] as the cause of the [[Ozone depletion#Ozone hole and its causes|Antarctic ozone hole]]; awarded [[Nobel peace prize]] and [[William Bowie Medal]]
* [[David J. Stevenson]] (New Zealander/American, 1948– ) – theories of internal structure and evolution of planets
* [[Balfour Stewart]] (Scottish, 1828–1887) – observations of [[solar flare]]s and [[geomagnetic storm]]s
* [[Henry Stommel]] (American, 1920–1992) – ocean circulation; awarded [[William Bowie Medal]]
* [[David Strangway]] (Canadian, 1934–2016) – lunar geophysics; university administration ; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)
* [[Carl Størmer]] (Norwegian, 1874–1957) – motion of charged particles in the [[magnetosphere]] and origin of the [[aurora (astronomy)|aurora]]
* [[Harald Sverdrup (oceanographer)|Harald Sverdrup]] (Norwegian, 1888–1957) – ocean circulation; awarded [[William Bowie Medal]]

==T==

* [[Albert Tarantola]] (Spanish, 1949–2009) – geophysical inverse problems; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)
* [[Pierre Tardi]] (French, 1897–1972) – geodesist and geophysicist
* [[Marie Tharp]] (1920–2006) – American geologist and oceanographic cartographer who, in partnership with Bruce Heezen, created the first scientific map of the Atlantic Ocean floor.
* [[Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov]] (Russian, 1906–1993) – [[magnetotellurics]] method in geophysics
* Nafi Toksöz (Turkish-American, 1937– ) – [[exploration geophysics]]; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nafi Toksöz|encyclopedia=SEG wiki |year= |publisher=Society of Exploration Geophysicists |location= |url=https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Nafi_Toksoz |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
* Sven Treitel (American, 1929–2024) – [[exploration geophysics|exploration geophysicist]]; co-inventor of digital seismic signal processing; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sven Treitel|encyclopedia=SEG wiki |year= |publisher=Society of Exploration Geophysicists |location= |url=https://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Sven_Treitel |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[Merle Tuve]] (American, 1901–1982) – used radio waves to measure the ionosphere; United States [[Medal for Merit]]
* [[Donald L. Turcotte]] (American, 1932– ) – developed theory of convection in the Earth's [[mantle (geology)|mantle]], applications of fractals and chaos to Earth processes; [[William Bowie Medal]] of the [[American Geophysical Union|AGU]]<ref>{{cite web|title=2003 William Bowie Medal Winner: Donald L. Turcotte|url=http://honors.agu.org/winners/donald-l-turcotte/?sub=citation|work=Honors Program|publisher=American Geophysical Union|accessdate=16 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title =Turcotte, Donald Lawson |encyclopedia=American Men and Women of Science |volume=7: T-Z|page=173|publisher=Gale |location= |id=|isbn=0-7876-6530-4}}</ref>

==V==
[[File:James van Allen.jpg|thumb|upright|James van Allen]]
* [[James Van Allen]] (American, 1914–2006) – [[Van Allen radiation belts]]; awarded Crafoord Prize, [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] (for geophysics), National Medal of Science, William Bowie Medal
* [[Petr Vaníček]] (Czech Canadian, 1935– ) – breakthroughs in [[Least-squares spectral analysis|theory of spectral analysis]] and geoid computation, awarded [[J. Tuzo Wilson Medal]], founded [[Canadian Geophysical Union]]
* [[T. Wayland Vaughan]] (American, 1870–1952) – study of corals and coral reefs, larger foraminifera, and oceanography
* [[Fred Vine]] (British, 1939– ) – work on marine [[magnetic anomalies]] confirmed the theory of [[seafloor spreading]]

==W==
* [[Kiyoo Wadati]] (Japanese, 1902–1995) – researched [[subduction zone]] earthquakes; lent name to [[Wadati–Benioff zone]]
* [[Alfred Wegener]] (German, 1880–1930) – developed theory of [[continental drift]]
* [[Frank T. M. White]] (Australian, 1909–1971) – mining and metallurgical engineer; mineral science educator
* [[Emil Johann Wiechert]] (German, 1861–1928) – first verifiable model of layered [[structure of the Earth]]; pioneering work on propagation of [[seismic waves]]
* [[J. Tuzo Wilson]] (Canadian, 1908–1993) – contributions to [[plate tectonics]]: theories of [[hotspot (geology)|hotspot]]s, [[transform fault]]s and [[Wilson cycle]]s; Vetlesen Prize; [[Maurice Ewing Medal]] (SEG); President of [[American Geophysical Union|AGU]];
* [[J. Lamar Worzel]] (American, 1919–2008) – contributions to underwater acoustics, underwater photography, and gravity measurements at sea
* [[Carl Wunsch]] (American, 1941– ) – ocean circulation, climatology; awarded the [[William Bowie Medal]]

==Z==
* [[Zhang Heng]] (Chinese, 78–139) – invented the first [[seismoscope]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Geophysics|Earth sciences|Physics}}
* [[List of geodesists]]
* [[List of geologists]]
* [[List of physicists]]
* [[List of presidents of the American Geophysical Union]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Geophysics navbox}}

[[Category:Lists of physicists by field|Geophysicists]]
[[Category:Geophysicists| ]]
[[Category:Geodesy-related lists|Geodesists]]
[[Category:Geophysics lists|Geophysicists]]

[[nl:Lijst van geofysici]]

Latest revision as of 19:10, 4 November 2024

Zhang Heng, inventor of the first seismoscope

This is a list of geophysicists, people who made notable contributions to geophysics, whether or not geophysics was their primary field. These include historical figures who laid the foundations for the field of geophysics.[1][2][3][4] More recently, some of the top awards for geophysicists are the Vetlesen Prize (intended to be the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for geology or geophysics); the William Bowie Medal (the top award of the American Geophysical Union); the Maurice Ewing Medal (the top award of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists); and the Crafoord Prize for geosciences. Some geophysicists have also won more general prizes such as the Nobel Prize and the Kyoto Prize.

A

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B

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Francis Birch

C

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Henry Cavendish

D

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Adam Dziewoński

E

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F

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Benjamin Franklin

G

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H

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Alexander von Humboldt in 1843

I

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J

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K

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L

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M

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Marcia McNutt
Andrija Mohorovičić

N

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O

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P

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Frank Press, Jerusalem 1953

R

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S

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Susan Solomon

T

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V

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James van Allen

W

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Z

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Gillmor, C. Stewart, ed. (1986). History of geophysics. Vol. 1. Washington: American Geophysical Union. ISSN 8755-1217.
  2. ^ Gillmor, C. Stewart, ed. (1986). History of geophysics. Vol. 2. Washington: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 978-0-87590-276-0.
  3. ^ Landa, Edward R.; Ince, Simon, eds. (1987). History of geophysics. Vol. 3: The History of Hydrology. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 978-0-87590-277-7.
  4. ^ Gillmor, C. Stewart, ed. (1990). History of geophysics. Vol. 4. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 978-0-87590-278-4.
  5. ^ "Milo Backus". SEG wiki. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  6. ^ "Vlastislav Cervený". SEG wiki. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  7. ^ "C. Hewitt Dix". SEG wiki. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  8. ^ Ray, Elaine (29 September 2011). "Amos Nur awarded Maurice Ewing Medal for contributions to geophysics". The Dish. Stanford University. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Amos Nur". SEG wiki. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  10. ^ "Navy physicist Antares Parvulescu dies at 74". The Washington Post. 18 July 1998. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  11. ^ Larmat, Carène; Clay, Clarence S. (2011). "Time Reversal in Seismology". Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 1449–1452. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_234. ISBN 978-90-481-8701-0.
  12. ^ Koppes, Steve (18 August 2008). "George W. Platzman, meteorologist, 1920–2008". UChicagoNews. The University of Chicago. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  13. ^ "Enders Robinson". SEG wiki. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  14. ^ "John Sherwood". SEG wiki. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  15. ^ "Nafi Toksöz". SEG wiki. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  16. ^ "Sven Treitel". SEG wiki. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  17. ^ "2003 William Bowie Medal Winner: Donald L. Turcotte". Honors Program. American Geophysical Union. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  18. ^ "Turcotte, Donald Lawson". American Men and Women of Science. Vol. 7: T-Z. Gale. 2003. p. 173. ISBN 0-7876-6530-4.
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