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{{Short description|Family of mosses}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| oldest_fossil = Valanginian
⚫
| name = Polytrichaceae
| image = Polytrichum commune 2006.01.08 15.01.00-p1080065.jpg
| image = Polytrichum.commune.2.jpg
⚫
| image_caption = ''Polytrichum commune''
| image_width = 240px
| grandparent_authority = Doweld
⚫
| image_caption =
| parent_authority = [[Max Fleischer (painter)|M. Fleisch.]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
| taxon = Polytrichaceae
| divisio = [[Moss|Bryophyta]]
| authority = [[Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen|Schwägr.]]
| classis = [[Polytrichopsida]]
| subclassis = '''Polytrichidae'''
⚫
| ordo = '''Polytrichales'''
⚫
| familia = '''Polytrichaceae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
| subdivision = See text.
See text.
}}
}}


'''Polytrichaceae''' is a common family of [[moss]]es. Members of this family tend to be larger than other mosses, with the larger species occurring in particularly moist habitats. The leaves have specialized sheaths at the base and a midrib that bears [[photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] [[lamella (cell biology)|lamella]]e on the upper surface. These mosses are capable of sustaining high rates of photosynthesis in the presence of ample light and moisture. Unlike all other mosses, the [[Hydroid (botany)|hydroid]]-based vascular system of these mosses is continuous from stem to leaf and can extract water from the soil through [[transpiration]].<ref name="divrev">{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=Neil |last2=Kariwayasam |first2=Isuru |last3=Flores |first3=Jorge |last4=Hyvönen |first4=Jaakko |title=The diversity of the Polytrichopsida—a review |journal=Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution |date=2021 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=98–111 |doi=10.11646/BDE.43.1.8 |url=https://www.mapress.com/bde/article/view/bde.43.1.8/44442 |access-date=19 July 2024}}</ref> Species in this group are [[dioicous]], though some are [[monoicous]].<ref name="eFloras">{{eFloras|1|10721|Polytrichaceae|first=Gary L. Smith |last=Merrill |access-date=19 July 2024}}</ref> In most species, the [[sporophyte]]s are relatively large, the [[seta]]e are rigid, and the [[calyptra]]e are hairy.<ref name="divrev"/> Most species have nematodontous [[peristome]]s with 32–64 teeth in their [[sporangium]];<ref name="eFloras"/> some early-diverging genera instead have a stopper mechanism, which consists of the apical section of the [[Columella (botany)|columella]], that seals the mouth of the capsule shut prior to [[Dehiscence (botany)|dehiscence]].<ref name="divrev"/>
The '''Polytrichaceae''' is a common family of [[moss]]es. Members of this family tend to be larger than other mosses with a thickened central stem and a [[rhizome]]. The leaves have a midrib that bears [[lamella]]e on the upper surface. Species in this group are [[dioicous]].


==Genera==
==Classification==
⚫
*''[[Alophosia]]''
⚫
*''[[Atrichopsis]]''
⚫
*''[[Atrichum]]''
⚫
*''[[Bartramiopsis]]''
⚫
*''[[Dawsonia]]''
⚫
*''[[Dendroligotrichum]]''
⚫
*''[[Hebantia]]''
⚫
*''[[Itatiella]]''
⚫
*''[[Lyellia]]''
⚫
*''[[Meiotrichum]]''
⚫
*''[[Notoligotrichum]]''
⚫
*''[[Oligotrichum]]''
⚫
*''[[Plagioracelopus]]''
⚫
*''[[Pogonatum]]''
⚫
*''[[Polytrichadelphus]]''
⚫
*''[[Polytrichastrum]]''
⚫
*''[[Polytrichum]]''
⚫
*''[[Pseudatrichum]]''
*''[[Pseudoracelopus]]''
⚫
*''[[Psilopilum]]''
*''[[Racelopodopsis]]''
*''[[Racelopus]]''
*''[[Steereobryon]]''


{{Moss phylogeny|7='''Polytrichaceae'''|text=the Polytrichaceae
⚫
{{plant-stub}}
|classification=class '''Polytrichopsids'''
⚫
: order '''Polytrichales'''
⚫
:: family '''Polytrichaceae'''
::: ''multiple genera''}}


===Genera===
⚫
[[Category:Mosses]]
[[File:GT moss Atrichum undulatum patch.jpg|thumb|''Atrichum undulatum'']]
{{Columns-list |colwidth=15em|

⚫
* ''[[Alophosia]]''
⚫
* ''[[Atrichopsis]]''
⚫
* ''[[Atrichum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Bartramiopsis]]''
* ''[[Dawsonia (plant)|Dawsonia]]''
⚫
* ''[[Dendroligotrichum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Hebantia]]''
⚫
* ''[[Itatiella]]''
⚫
* ''[[Lyellia]]''
⚫
* ''[[Meiotrichum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Notoligotrichum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Oligotrichum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Plagioracelopus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Pogonatum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Polytrichadelphus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Polytrichastrum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Polytrichum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Pseudatrichum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Psilopilum]]''
⚫
* ''[[Steereobryon]]''
}}

=== Extinct genera ===
* †''[[Eopolytrichum]]'' {{small|Konopka ''et al.'', 1997}} Cretaceous ([[Campanian]]); [[Gaillard Formation]], Georgia, USA
* †''[[Meantoinea]]'' {{small|Bippus ''et al.'', 2017}} Cretaceous ([[Valanginian]]); Apple Bay locality, [[Vancouver Island]], British Columbia, Canada
* †''[[Polytrichites]]'' {{small|Britton, 1926}} Miocene; [[Latah Formation]], Washington, USA<ref name="Knowlton1926">{{cite report |last1=Knowlton |first1=F.H. |year=1926 |chapter=Flora of the Latah Formation of Spokane, Washington, and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho |title=Shorter contributions to general geology, 1925 |series=Professional Paper |publisher=United States Geological Survey |volume=140 |pages=17–55, plates VIII-XXXI |doi=10.3133/pp140A |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0140a/report.pdf}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q133627|from2=Q2546461|from3=Q642852}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Polytrichaceae| ]]
⚫
[[Category:Moss families]]


⚫
{{moss-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:31, 26 September 2024

Polytrichaceae
Temporal range: Valanginian–Recent
Polytrichum commune
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Bryophyta
Class: Polytrichopsida
Doweld
Order: Polytrichales
M. Fleisch.
Family: Polytrichaceae
Schwägr.
Genera

See text.

Polytrichaceae is a common family of mosses. Members of this family tend to be larger than other mosses, with the larger species occurring in particularly moist habitats. The leaves have specialized sheaths at the base and a midrib that bears photosynthetic lamellae on the upper surface. These mosses are capable of sustaining high rates of photosynthesis in the presence of ample light and moisture. Unlike all other mosses, the hydroid-based vascular system of these mosses is continuous from stem to leaf and can extract water from the soil through transpiration.[1] Species in this group are dioicous, though some are monoicous.[2] In most species, the sporophytes are relatively large, the setae are rigid, and the calyptrae are hairy.[1] Most species have nematodontous peristomes with 32–64 teeth in their sporangium;[2] some early-diverging genera instead have a stopper mechanism, which consists of the apical section of the columella, that seals the mouth of the capsule shut prior to dehiscence.[1]

Classification

[edit]
class Polytrichopsids
order Polytrichales
family Polytrichaceae
multiple genera
The phylogenetic position of the Polytrichaceae among the eight classes of mosses, based on inferences from DNA sequence data.[3][4]

Genera

[edit]
Atrichum undulatum

Extinct genera

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Bell, Neil; Kariwayasam, Isuru; Flores, Jorge; Hyvönen, Jaakko (2021). "The diversity of the Polytrichopsida—a review". Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution. 43 (1): 98–111. doi:10.11646/BDE.43.1.8. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  2. ^ a b Merrill, Gary L. Smith. "Polytrichaceae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. ^ Goffinet, B.; W. R. Buck & A. J. Shaw (2008). "Morphology and Classification of the Bryophyta". In Bernard Goffinet & A. Jonathan Shaw (eds.). Bryophyte Biology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 55–138. ISBN 9780521872256.
  4. ^ Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004). "Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification". Monographs in Systematic Botany. Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes. 98. Missouri Botanical Garden Press: 205–239. ISBN 1-930723-38-5.
  5. ^ Knowlton, F.H. (1926). "Flora of the Latah Formation of Spokane, Washington, and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho". Shorter contributions to general geology, 1925 (PDF) (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 140. United States Geological Survey. pp. 17–55, plates VIII-XXXI. doi:10.3133/pp140A.


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