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{{short description|2004 American romantic drama film by Mike Nichols}}
{{Infobox_Film |
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
| name = Closer |
{{for-multi|the 2000 documentary film|Tina Gharavi|other films with similar titles|Closer (disambiguation)#Film and television}}
| image = Closer movie poster.jpg |
{{Infobox film
| caption = {{deletable image-caption}} |
| name = Closer
| writer = [[Patrick Marber]]<br> (play & screenplay)|
| image = Closer movie poster.jpg
| starring = [[Jude Law]]<br>[[Clive Owen]]<br>[[Natalie Portman]]<br>[[Julia Roberts]] |
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Mike Nichols]] |
| director = [[Mike Nichols]]
| producer = |
| producer = Mike Nichols<br/>Cary Brokaw<br />[[John Calley]]
| distributor = [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] |
| released = [[December 3]] [[2004]] ([[USA]]) |
| writer = [[Patrick Marber]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Closer (play)|Closer]]''|Patrick Marber}}
| runtime = 98 min. |
| starring = {{plainlist|
| language = English |
* [[Julia Roberts]]
| music = |
* [[Jude Law]]
| awards = |
* [[Natalie Portman]]
| budget= $27 million<ref name="boxofficemojo">{{cite web | title=boxofficemojo.com | work=Closer (2004) | url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=closer.htm| accessmonthday=21 March | accessyear=2006}}</ref> |
* [[Clive Owen]]
| website = http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/closer/site/|
}}
| amg_id = 1:303603 |
| cinematography = [[Stephen Goldblatt]]
| imdb_id = 0376541 |
| editing = [[John Bloom (film editor)|John Bloom]]<br/>Antonia Van Drimmelen
| studio = [[Columbia Pictures]]
| distributor = [[Sony Pictures Releasing]]
| released = {{Film date|2004|12|3}}
| runtime = 104 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $27 million<ref name="boxofficemojo">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=closer.htm|title=Closer (2004)|website=boxofficemojo.com|access-date=March 21, 2006}}</ref>
| gross = $115.5 million
}}
}}
[[Image:Julia Roberts Jude Law Closer.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Anna and Dan.]]
'''''Closer''''' is a [[2004 in film|2004 film]] written by [[Patrick Marber]], based on his award-winning [[Closer (play)|play of the same name]]. It was directed by [[Mike Nichols]] and stars [[Julia Roberts]], [[Natalie Portman]], [[Clive Owen]], and [[Jude Law]] in a story involving [[infidelity]], [[intimacy]] and [[sacrifice]].


The film, like the play on which it is based, has been seen by some as a modern and tragic version of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]'s opera ''[[Così fan tutte]]'', with references to that opera in both the plot and the soundtrack.<ref>[http://www.playbillarts.com/features/article/5558.html "Così fan tutte and the Shock of the Now"] by Daniel Felsenfeld, Nov 08, 2006</ref>
'''''Closer''''' is a 2004 American [[Romance film#Romantic drama|romantic drama]] directed and produced by [[Mike Nichols]] and written by [[Patrick Marber]], based on his award-winning [[Closer (play)|1997 play of the same name]]. It stars [[Julia Roberts]], [[Jude Law]], [[Natalie Portman]], and [[Clive Owen]]. The film, like the play on which it is based, has been seen by some as a modern and tragic version of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'s 1790 opera ''[[Così fan tutte]]'', with references to the opera in both the plot and the soundtrack.<ref name=Felsenfeld>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbillarts.com/features/article/5558.html|title=Così fan tutte and the Shock of the Now|date=November 8, 2006|last=Felsenfeld|first=Daniel|access-date=June 8, 2009}}</ref> Owen starred in the play as Dan, the role played by Law in the film.


''Closer'' received favourable reviews and grossed $115 million at the box office. It was recognized with a number of [[#Awards and nominations|awards and nominations]], including [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] nominations and [[Golden Globes|Golden Globe]] wins for both Portman and Owen for their performances.
Clive Owen starred in the 1997 play [[Closer (play)|Closer]] as "Dan", the role assumed by Jude Law in the film.


==Plot==
The film was recognized with a number of [[#Awards and nominations|awards and nominations]], including [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nominations for both Portman and Owen for their performances in supporting roles.
<!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summary should be between 400 to 700 words. -->
During a busy morning in London, writer Dan Woolf meets a beautiful American woman after she is hit by a car, not used to the direction of traffic in England. On their walk back from the hospital, they stop by [[Postman's Park]]. Dan asks her name, which she gives as Alice Ayres. They soon become lovers.


One year later, Dan has written a novel based on Alice's life. While being photographed to publicise it, he flirts with the American photographer Anna Cameron. They share a kiss before Alice arrives. While she uses the bathroom, Dan tries to persuade Anna to have an affair with him but their conversation is cut short by Alice's return. Alice then asks Anna if she can have her portrait taken as well. She agrees, so Alice asks Dan to leave them alone during the photoshoot. While being photographed, she reveals to Anna that she overheard them, and she is photographed while crying. Alice does not tell Dan what she heard and their relationship continues, but he spends a year brooding over Anna.
==Synopsis==
In the opening scene, a twenty year old Alice Ayres, (played by Portman), and Dan Woolf, (played by Law), see each other for the first time from opposite sides of a street, as they are walking toward each other amongst many other [[rush hour]] pedestrians. Alice is a young [[United States|American]] [[striptease|stripper]] who just arrived in London, and Dan is an unsuccessful [[United Kingdom|British]] author who is on his way to work, where he writes [[obituary|obituaries]] for a [[newspaper]]. Alice looks in the wrong direction as she is crossing the street and is hit by a [[taxicab|taxi]] cab right in front of Dan's eyes. He rushes over. She smiles to him and says, "Hello, stranger." He takes her to a hospital and afterward, on the way to his office, they stop by [[Postman's Park]], the same park that he and his father visited after his mother's death. Pausing in front of the office before he leaves her and goes to work, he asks her for her name. They soon become lovers.


Another year later, Dan enters a cybersex chat room and converses with Larry Gray, a British dermatologist. Still obsessed with Anna, Dan pretends to be her and invites Larry to meet at the aquarium, where he knows Anna often goes. Larry goes to the rendezvous, where he happens to meet her, and learns that he is the victim of a prank. Anna tells Larry that Dan was most likely to blame for the setup. Soon, Anna and Larry become a couple.
A year later, though the two are in a relationship, Dan is straying. He has written a novel based on Alice's life and while being photographed to publicize it, he flirts with the American [[photography|photographer]], Anna Cameron (Roberts). Anna shares a kiss with Dan before finding out that Dan and Alice are in a relationship. Alice arrives and later overhears them talking about it, and asks Dan to leave her alone with Anna so that she may have her portrait taken as well. While being photographed, she reveals to Anna that she overheard them, and is photographed weeping. Alice does not reveal what she overheard to Dan, even as he spends a year stalking Anna, who resists.


Four months later at Anna's photo exhibition, Larry meets Alice, whom he recognises from the photograph of her in tears on display. Anna told him that Alice and Dan are a couple. Dan persuades Anna to become involved with him, and they cheat on their respective lovers for a year, even though Anna and Larry marry halfway through the year. Eventually, Dan confesses the affair to Alice and Anna to Larry, who admitted to her that he had cheated on her with a prostitute. Dan and Anna leave their relationships for one another.
A year later, Dan enters an [[Internet]] [[cybersex]] [[chat room]] and randomly meets Larry Gray (Owen), a British [[dermatology|dermatologist]]. With Anna still on his mind, Dan pretends to be her, and using the pretense that they will be having sex, Dan convinces Larry to meet at the aquarium (where Anna told Dan she often went). Larry goes to the meeting place, only to be made a fool of. Anna tells Larry that a man who had pursued her, Dan, was most likely to blame for the setup. Soon, Anna and Larry become a couple and they refer to Dan as "[[Cupid]]" from then on.


Heartbroken, Alice again becomes a stripper. One day, Larry runs into her by surprise at the strip club. When he asks her real name, she tells him it is Jane Jones. He asks her to have sex with him, but she refuses.
[[Image:Natalie Portman Clive Owen Closer.jpg|thumb|left|Alice meets Larry at Anna's exhibition.]]


Later, Larry and Anna meet for coffee so he can sign their divorce papers. He bargains with her – if she sleeps with him, he will sign the documents and thereafter leave her alone. Anna and Dan later meet and, once she reveals the divorce papers have been signed, he realizes she has had sex with Larry. She did it so he would leave them alone, but Dan is furious and does not trust her.
Four months later, at Anna's photo exhibition,<ref>The scene at the photo exhibition is the only one where all four characters are seen together.</ref> Larry meets Alice, whom he recognizes from the tearful photograph that is one of many being exhibited. Larry knows that Alice and Dan are a couple, from talking to Anna. Meanwhile, Dan convinces Anna to become involved with him. They begin cheating on their respective lovers for a year, even though Anna and Larry become married halfway through the year. Eventually Anna and Dan each confess the affair to their respective partners, leaving their relationships for one another.


A distraught Dan later confronts Larry to get Anna back. Larry tells him Anna never filed the signed divorce papers and suggests he return to Alice. Alice takes Dan back and they plan a visit to the United States for a vacation. While in a hotel room at [[Gatwick Airport]] celebrating being back together, they talk about how they met. Bringing up Larry, Dan then asks if she had sex with him. She initially denies it but a short while later, she says she does not love him anymore and that she did sleep with Larry. Dan forgives her, but Alice insists it is over and tells him to leave. The argument culminates in Dan slapping Alice.
Alice goes back to being a stripper, heartbroken by her loss. One day, Larry runs into her accidentally at the strip club and is convinced that she is the girl he met before. He asks her if her name is Alice, but no matter how much money he gives her, she keeps telling him her name is "Jane Jones". He asks her to have a [[one-night stand]] with him but she refuses.


[[Image:AliceAyres.jpg|right|200px|thumb|The [[Alice Ayres]] tile in the [[Memorial to Heroic Self-Sacrifice]], [[Postman's Park]], London]]
Eventually, Larry convinces Anna to see him one last time; she agrees to sleep with him, so that he will sign the divorce papers and leave her alone. Dan guesses and Anna confesses it to Dan, who takes it badly. Anna returns to Larry. Distraught, Dan confronts Larry to try and get Anna back. Instead, Larry tells him Alice's whereabouts, and suggests that he go back to her. However, out of malice, he also tells him that he had a one-night stand with her.
At the film's end, Larry and Anna are together, and Alice returns to New York City alone. As she passes through the immigration checkpoint on her way back into the States, a shot of her passport shows her real name is Jane Jones, revealing she had lied about her name during her entire four-year relationship with Dan but had told the truth to Larry, even though he did not believe her. Back in London, Dan returns to Postman's Park and notices the name [[Alice Ayres]] on the tiles of the [[Memorial to Heroic Self-Sacrifice]]. The Ayres dedication is to a young woman, "who by intrepid conduct" and "at the cost of her own young life," rescued three children from a fire.


The final scene, which resembles the first, shows Jane walking on a New York street alone being stared at by several of the men around her. She crosses a crosswalk that appears to have a "Don't Walk" signal up.
Alice takes Dan back. When Dan asks her whether she had a one-night stand with Larry, she initially denies it. But when he insists on the truth, she suddenly tells him that she doesn't love him anymore and goes on to say that she did sleep with Larry. Dan then reveals that Larry had already told him about the one-night stand but that he's already forgiven her. She insists that it's over and tells him to leave. This leads to a heated argument ending with Alice spitting in Dan's face saying that she is no one and Dan replying with a slap.


==Cast==
In the end, Alice returns to New York. Passing through the immigration checkpoint on her way back into the United States, it is revealed through a shot of her [[passport]] that her real name is indeed Jane Rachel Jones and that she had lied about her name for the duration of her four-year relationship with Dan.
* [[Julia Roberts]] as Anna Cameron
* [[Jude Law]] as Daniel "Dan" Woolf
* [[Natalie Portman]] as Alice Ayres / Jane Jones
* [[Clive Owen]] as Larry Gray
* Nick Hobbs as Taxi Driver
* [[Colin Stinton]] as Customs Officer


==Production==
Back in London, Dan returns to Postman's Park, and to his surprise notices the name "Alice Ayres" on a plaque that is dedicated to a girl, who "by an intrepid act," had sacrificed her young life to save three children. The last scene films Alice/Jane, walking on [[47th Street]] in [[Manhattan]], independent and free, turning the heads of many men as she walks; a scene symmetrical with the opening scence where Alice/Jane and Dan are staring at eachother on the streets of London.


==Themes==
===Filming===
[[Cate Blanchett]] was originally cast in the role of Anna, but had to drop out of the film in September 2003, before filming had begun, when she became pregnant with her second son, Roman.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2003-09-22 |title=Roberts replaces Blanchett in Closer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/sep/22/news.juliaroberts |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
{{OR}}
The film is sparse in action and heavy on dialogue, and almost all of the dialogue comes from the four main characters. The film was billed as a romantic drama and, though a success, it took many people aback because of its explicit sexual dialogue. Characters frankly and aggressively discuss sex acts with one another; notably, the internet-exchange between Dan and Larry (with Dan posing as Anna) contains unusually graphic descriptions of sex acts. There is also a graphic discussion that takes place between Larry and Anna when he realises she is going to leave him for Dan: he forces her to relate the sex she has just had with Dan including a description of [[fellatio]] and [[orgasm]]. What Larry wants is for Anna to admit Dan is better than him in bed; when she finally does this, he stops, satisfied.


''Closer'' was filmed at [[Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)|Elstree Film and Television Studios]] and on location in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elstree Studios |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b950c9b55 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702030233/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b950c9b55 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 2, 2016 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Closer Locations |url=https://www.latlong.net/location/closer-locations-752 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.latlong.net |language=en}}</ref>
The film deals primarily with the nature of human relationships, dealing with the need of each main character to intimately know and own his or her lover. In the multiple scenes about adultery, betrayed lovers demand to know exactly what happened and are crushed that there is now an aspect of their lover that they will never know or understand. However, the characters are complex individuals who are constantly changing, as the tagline of the film echoes. People cannot be simplified in a dynamic relationship in the same way they must be written off by an obituary writer or superficially examined by a dermatologist, photographer, or paying but not touching customer. This theme is tied in with the motifs of truth and lying, and the effects of both in relationships are juxtaposed through the relationships of the main characters. In the end, Natalie Portman's character shows how little we can truly know about those we love and how transient they can be, and in the end she is the only character who remains independent and unscathed.


===Music===
Other motifs in the film include smoking and fish.<ref>[http://72.166.46.24//boston/movies/trailers/documents/04298066.asp CLOSER] by Peter Keough, Issue Date: December 3 - 9, 2004</ref>
The main theme of the film follows [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]'s opera ''[[Così fan tutte]]'', with references to that opera in both the plot and the soundtrack.<ref name=Felsenfeld/> One of the pivotal scenes develops to the background of the overture to Rossini's opera ''La Cenerentola'' ("Cinderella"). The soundtrack also contains songs from [[Jem (singer)|Jem]], [[Damien Rice]] and [[Lisa Hannigan]], [[Bebel Gilberto]], [[the Devlins]], [[the Prodigy]] and [[the Smiths]].


The music of Irish folk singer [[Damien Rice]] is featured in the film, most notably the song "[[The Blower's Daughter]]," whose lyrics have parallels to many of the themes in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Wesley |date=December 3, 2004 |title=On 'Closer' inspection, Nichols rules |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=http://archive.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2004/12/03/on_closer_inspection_nichols_rules/ |access-date=2022-10-21}}</ref> The opening notes from Rice's song "Cold Water" are also used repeatedly, notably in the memorial park scenes. Rice wrote a song titled "Closer" which was intended for use in the film but was not completed in time.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}
==Box office==
The film was released on [[December 3]], [[2004]], in the [[United States]]. ''Closer'' opened in limited release, but theatre count was increased after the film was released. The film was domestically a financial success, grossing $33,987,757.<ref name="boxofficemojo" /> Huge success followed in the international market, where the film grossed an additional $81,517,270, accounting for over 70% of its worldwide gross, which turned out to be $115,505,027. It was considered a great success at the box office as its actual production budget was only $27 million.<ref name="boxofficemojo" />


==Blu-ray Release==
==Reception==
''Closer'' was released exclusively on the high-definition [[Blu-ray Disc]] on May 22, 2007.


===Critical reaction===
==Awards and nominations== <!-- do not rename without fixing reference in intro -->
The review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gives the film an approval score of 68% based on 212 reviews, and an average rating of 6.60/10. The website's critical consensus states, "''Closer''<nowiki/>'s talented cast and Mike Nichols' typically assured direction help smooth a bumpy journey from stage to screen."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/closer/|title=Closer – Movie Reviews, Trailers, Pictures|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=May 5, 2021}}</ref> Another review aggregator, [[Metacritic]], shows a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 42 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/closer|title=Closer (2004): Reviews|website=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=November 7, 2009}}</ref>
The film won the following awards:

{| class="wikitable"
[[Roger Ebert]], writing for the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'', said of the people involved with the film, "[t]hey are all so very articulate, which is refreshing in a time when literate and evocative speech has been devalued in the movies."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=December 2, 2004 |title=Gender wars on a whole new level |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/closer-2004 |access-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref> [[Peter Travers]], writing for ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', said, "Mike Nichols' haunting, hypnotic ''Closer'' vibrates with eroticism, bruising laughs and dynamite performances from four attractive actors doing decidedly unattractive things."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Travers |first=Peter |date=December 3, 2004 |title=Closer |magazine=Rolling Stone |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/closer-20041203 |url-status=dead |access-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329025516/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/closer-20041203 |archive-date=March 29, 2013}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]] of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote, "[d]espite involved acting and Nichols' impeccable professionalism as a director, the end result is, to quote one of the characters, 'a bunch of sad strangers photographed beautifully'."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-dec-03-et-closer3-story.html|title=Love, sadistically|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 3, 2004|last=Turan|first=Kenneth|access-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref>
!Year

!Award
''[[The New York Times]]''{{'}} [[A. O. Scott]] wrote, "[u]nlike most movie love stories, ''Closer'' does have the virtue of unpredictability. The problem is that, while parts are provocative and forceful, the film as a whole collapses into a welter of misplaced intensity."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/03/movies/when-talk-is-sexier-than-a-cliched-clinch.html|title=When Talk Is Sexier Than a Clichéd Clinch|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 3, 2004|last=Scott|first=A. O.|access-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref> In a review on ''[[The Atlantic]]'' website, [[Christopher Orr (film critic)|Christoper Orr]] described the film as "flamboyantly bad" and "irretrievably silly, a potty-mouthed fantasy that somehow mistakes itself for a fearless excavation of the dark recesses of the human soul", suggesting that what might have worked on stage came across as "ostentatious melodrama" on film.<ref name="Atlantic">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2005/03/the-movie-review-closer/69613/#article-comments|title=The Movie Review: 'Closer'|magazine=The Atlantic|date=March 2005|last=Orr|first=Christopher|access-date=July 22, 2016}}</ref>
!Category - Recipient(s)

In a review from ''[[AllMovie|Allmovie]]'', Perry Seibert praised the acting, the direction and the screenwriting, stating that Clive Owen "finds every dimension in his [[Alpha (ethology)|alpha-male]] character", Julia Roberts "shows not an ounce of movie-star self-consciousness", Natalie Portman "understands [her character] inside and out" and affirming that "[w]ith his superior timing, Nichols allows each of these actors to hit every funny, cruel, and intimate moment in the script". ''[[The Guardian]]''<nowiki/>'s [[Peter Bradshaw]] gave ''Closer'' a one-star review and stated that Clive Owen was the only actor that portrayed "real emotions" in the film, saying that the other three lead actors could have just been "advertising perfume".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/closer-v303603/review|title=Closer: Review|website=[[Allmovie]]|last=Seibert|first=Perry|access-date=April 19, 2020}}</ref>

===Box office===
''Closer'' was released on December 3, 2004 in North America. ''Closer'' opened in 476 theaters, but the theater count was increased after the film was released. The film was domestically a moderate financial success, grossing $33,987,757.<ref name="boxofficemojo"/> Huge success followed in the international market, where the film grossed an additional $81,517,270; over 70% of its $115,505,027 worldwide gross. The film was produced on a budget of [[United States dollar|US$]]27 million.<ref name="boxofficemojo"/>

===Awards and nominations=== <!-- do not rename without fixing reference in intro -->
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
|-
! scope="col"| Award
|2005
! scope="col"| Category
|[[BAFTA Awards]]
! scope="col"| Recipient
|Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role - [[Clive Owen]]
! scope="col"| Result
|-
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[77th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 {{!}} Oscars.org {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2005 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.oscars.org |date=October 5, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan=2 |2005
| [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Golden Globes]]
| [[Clive Owen]]
|Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture - [[Clive Owen]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture - [[Natalie Portman]]
| [[Natalie Portman]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[58th British Academy Film Awards|British Academy Film Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film in 2005 {{!}} BAFTA Awards |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2005/film |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=awards.bafta.org}}</ref>
|2005
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]]
|[[Las Vegas Film Critics Society]]
| [[Patrick Marber]]
|Best Supporting Actor - [[Clive Owen]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]]
|2004
| Clive Owen
|[[National Board of Review Awards 2004|National Board of Review]]
| {{won}}
|Best Acting by an Ensemble - [[Jude Law]], [[Clive Owen]] [[Natalie Portman]] and [[Julia Roberts]]
|-
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
|2004
| Natalie Portman
|[[New York Film Critics Circle Awards 2004|New York Film Critics Circle]]
| {{nom}}
|Best Supporting Actor - [[Clive Owen]]
|-
|-
|rowspan=5| [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners & Nominees 2005 |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2005 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.goldenglobes.com |language=en |archive-date=January 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120436/https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|2004
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]]
|[[San Diego Film Critics Society Awards 2004|San Diego Film Critics Society]]
|Best Supporting Actress - [[Natalie Portman]]
| Patrick Marber & [[Mike Nichols]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|2004
| Mike Nichols
|[[Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2004|Toronto Film Critics Association]]
| {{nom}}
|Best Supporting Actor, Male - [[Clive Owen]]
|}

The film was nominated for the following awards:
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category - Recipient(s)
|-
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| rowspan=2 |2005
| Patrick Marber
| rowspan=2 |[[Academy Awards]]
| {{nom}}
|Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture - [[Clive Owen]]
|-
|-
|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture - [[Natalie Portman]]
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]]
| Clive Owen
| {{won}}
|-
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress]]
|2005
| Natalie Portman
|[[The American Screenwriters Association|American Screenwriters Association]]
| {{won}}
| [[Discover Screenwriting Award 2004|Discover Screenwriting Award]] - [[Patrick Marber]]
|-
|-
| [[The American Screenwriters Association|American Screenwriters Association]]
|rowspan=2 |2005
| [[Discover Screenwriting Award 2004|Discover Screenwriting Award]]
|rowspan=2 |[[BAFTA Awards]]
|Best Screenplay - Adapted - [[Patrick Marber]]
| Patrick Marber
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[National Board of Review]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2004 Archives |url=https://nationalboardofreview.org/award-years/2004/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=National Board of Review |language=en-US}}</ref>
|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role - [[Natalie Portman]]
| [[National Board of Review Award for Best Cast|Best Acting by an Ensemble]]
| [[Jude Law]], Clive Owen, Natalie Portman and [[Julia Roberts]]
| {{won}}
|-
|-
| Las Vegas Film Critics Society<ref>{{Cite web |title=Las Vegas Film Critics Society - Sierra Award Winners - 2004 |url=http://www.lvfcs.org/sierra-award-winners.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.lvfcs.org}}</ref>
| rowspan=3 |2005
| Best Supporting Actor
| rowspan=3 |[[Broadcast Film Critics Association]]
| Clive Owen
|Best Acting Ensemble - [[Jude Law]], [[Clive Owen]], [[Natalie Portman]] and [[Julia Roberts]]
| {{won}}
|-
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Broadcast Film Critics Association]]
|Best Supporting Actor - [[Clive Owen]]
| [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Acting Ensemble|Best Acting Ensemble]]
| Jude Law, Clive Owen, Natalie Portman and Julia Roberts
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
|Best Supporting Actress - [[Natalie Portman]]
| [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| Clive Owen
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| rowspan=3 |2005
| Natalie Portman
| rowspan=3 |[[Golden Globes]]
| {{nom}}
|Best Director - Motion Picture - [[Mike Nichols]]
|-
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Online Film Critics Society]]
|Best Motion Picture - Drama
| [[Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]]
| Patrick Marber
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|Best Screenplay - Motion Picture - [[Patrick Marber]]
| Clive Owen
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actress]]
| rowspan=3 |2005
| Natalie Portman
| rowspan=3 |[[Broadcast Film Critics Association]]
| {{nom}}
|Best Acting Ensemble - [[Jude Law]], [[Clive Owen]], [[Natalie Portman]] and [[Julia Roberts]]
|-
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Satellite Award]]
|Best Supporting Actor - [[Clive Owen]]
| [[Satellite Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]]
| Patrick Marber
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
|Best Supporting Actress - [[Natalie Portman]]
| [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture]]
| Clive Owen
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture]]
| rowspan=3 |2005
| Natalie Portman
| rowspan=3 |[[Online Film Critics Society]]
| {{nom}}
|Best Screenplay, Adapted - [[Patrick Marber]]
|-
|-
| [[Satellite Award for Best Editing|Best Film Editing]]
|Best Supporting Actor - [[Clive Owen]]
| [[John Bloom (film editor)|John Bloom]] and Antonia Van Drimmelen
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[New York Film Critics Circle]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gelder |first=Lawrence Van |date=2004-12-14 |title=Arts, Briefly; 'Sideways' Dominates Critics' Awards |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/14/arts/movies/arts-briefly-sideways-dominates-critics-awards.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|Best Supporting Actress - [[Natalie Portman]]
| [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|rowspan=2| Clive Owen
| {{won}}
|-
|-
| [[Toronto Film Critics Association]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-29 |title=Past Award Winners - 2004 |url=https://torontofilmcritics.com/past-award-winners/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Toronto Film Critics Association |language=en-CA}}</ref>
| rowspan=4 |2005
| [[Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| rowspan=4 |[[Golden Satellite Awards 2004|Satellite Award]]
| {{won}}
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Drama - [[Clive Owen]]
|-
|-
| [[San Diego Film Critics Society]]
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role, Drama - [[Natalie Portman]]
| [[San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|rowspan=2| Natalie Portman
| {{won}}
|-
|-
| [[Teen Choice Awards]]
|Best Film Editing - [[John Bloom]] and [[Antonia Van Drimmelen]]
| Choice Movie Actress: Drama
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Screenplay, Adapted - [[Patrick Marber]]
|-
|2005
|[[Teen Choice Awards]]
|Choice Movie Actress: Drama - [[Natalie Portman]]
|}
|}


==Home media==
== References In Music ==
''Closer'' was first released on VHS and [[DVD]] on March 29, 2005 and on [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]] on May 22, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/closer-v303603/releases|title=Closer: Releases|website=[[Allmovie]]|access-date=April 19, 2020}}</ref>
* More recently, lines from "Closer" have been used in songs from bands like [[Panic! At The Disco]] and [[Fall Out Boy]]. A line spoken by Natalie Portman's character ("Lying is the most fun a girl can have without taking her clothes off, but its better if you do.") was broken up into titles for Panic! At The Disco's songs "[[Lying Is The Most Fun A Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off]]" and "[[But It's Better If You Do]]", from their album ''[[A Fever You Can't Sweat Out]]''.


==References==
* Fall Out Boy also included quotes in songs from their album ''[[Infinity On High]]''. On "[[Thnks Fr Th Mmrs]]" the line "he tastes like you, only sweeter" is used in the chorus. In the B-side track "[[G.I.N.A.S.F.S.]]" (Gay Is Not A Synonym For Shitty), the song opens up with the line "I've loved everything about you that hurts."
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
* The music of Irish folk singer [[Damien Rice]] is featured in the film, most notably the song "[[The Blower's Daughter]]", whose lyrics drew many parallels with the themes present in the film. The opening notes from Rice's song "Cold Water" are used repeatedly. Rice wrote a song entitled "Closer" which was intended for use in the film, but was not completed in time.

* The [[Canadian]] [[Rock music|rock]] band [[Silverstein (band)|Silverstein]] has a song entitled "Fist Wrapped In Blood", a reference to a scene in which Clive Owen's character compares a human heart to such a fist.

*The opera that Dan and Anna attend is [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]'s ''[[Così fan tutte]]'', the plot of which bears resemblances to that of the film.

== Cultural References ==
The series of photos of "strangers" taken by Julia Roberts's photographer character are in fact all photos of prominent contemporary [[philosopher]]s taken from a series by [http://www.pyke-eye.com/philosophers_I.html Steve Pyke] Visible in the film are [[Karl Popper]], [[John McDowell]], [[Peter Geach]] and [[G. E. M. Anscombe]] (together), and [[Phillipa Foot]].

== Notes ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{official website|http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/closer/}}
<div class="references-small"><references /></div>
* {{IMDb title|0376541}}
* {{AllMovie title|303603}}
* {{Mojo title|closer}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|Closer}}
* {{AFI film|63020}}


{{Mike Nichols}}
== External links ==
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Cast}}
* [http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/closer/site/ Official site]
*{{imdb title|title=Closer|id=0376541}}

{{Mike Nichols Films}}


[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2004 independent films]]
[[Category:Independent films]]
[[Category:2004 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Drama films]]
[[Category:2000s American films]]
[[Category:Romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2000s English-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on plays]]
[[Category:2000s erotic drama films]]
[[Category:American erotic drama films]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe winning performance]]
[[Category:American erotic romance films]]
[[Category:American films based on plays]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:American nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:American romantic drama films]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]]
[[Category:Columbia Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films about infidelity]]
[[Category:Films about striptease]]
[[Category:Films about writers]]
[[Category:Films about photographers]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mike Nichols]]
[[Category:Films shot at Elstree Film Studios]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe winning performance]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe winning performance]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe–winning performance]]
[[Category:English-language independent films]]

[[Category:English-language erotic drama films]]
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[[Category:English-language romantic drama films]]
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Latest revision as of 01:06, 4 December 2024

For the 2000 documentary film, see Tina Gharavi. For other films with similar titles, see Closer (disambiguation) § Film and television.
Closer
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMike Nichols
Written byPatrick Marber
Based onCloser
by Patrick Marber
Produced byMike Nichols
Cary Brokaw
John Calley
Starring
CinematographyStephen Goldblatt
Edited byJohn Bloom
Antonia Van Drimmelen
Production
company
Distributed bySony Pictures Releasing
Release date
  • December 3, 2004 (2004-12-03)
Running time
104 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$27 million[1]
Box office$115.5 million

Closer is a 2004 American romantic drama directed and produced by Mike Nichols and written by Patrick Marber, based on his award-winning 1997 play of the same name. It stars Julia Roberts, Jude Law, Natalie Portman, and Clive Owen. The film, like the play on which it is based, has been seen by some as a modern and tragic version of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's 1790 opera Così fan tutte, with references to the opera in both the plot and the soundtrack.[2] Owen starred in the play as Dan, the role played by Law in the film.

Closer received favourable reviews and grossed $115 million at the box office. It was recognized with a number of awards and nominations, including Academy Award nominations and Golden Globe wins for both Portman and Owen for their performances.

Plot

[edit]

During a busy morning in London, writer Dan Woolf meets a beautiful American woman after she is hit by a car, not used to the direction of traffic in England. On their walk back from the hospital, they stop by Postman's Park. Dan asks her name, which she gives as Alice Ayres. They soon become lovers.

One year later, Dan has written a novel based on Alice's life. While being photographed to publicise it, he flirts with the American photographer Anna Cameron. They share a kiss before Alice arrives. While she uses the bathroom, Dan tries to persuade Anna to have an affair with him but their conversation is cut short by Alice's return. Alice then asks Anna if she can have her portrait taken as well. She agrees, so Alice asks Dan to leave them alone during the photoshoot. While being photographed, she reveals to Anna that she overheard them, and she is photographed while crying. Alice does not tell Dan what she heard and their relationship continues, but he spends a year brooding over Anna.

Another year later, Dan enters a cybersex chat room and converses with Larry Gray, a British dermatologist. Still obsessed with Anna, Dan pretends to be her and invites Larry to meet at the aquarium, where he knows Anna often goes. Larry goes to the rendezvous, where he happens to meet her, and learns that he is the victim of a prank. Anna tells Larry that Dan was most likely to blame for the setup. Soon, Anna and Larry become a couple.

Four months later at Anna's photo exhibition, Larry meets Alice, whom he recognises from the photograph of her in tears on display. Anna told him that Alice and Dan are a couple. Dan persuades Anna to become involved with him, and they cheat on their respective lovers for a year, even though Anna and Larry marry halfway through the year. Eventually, Dan confesses the affair to Alice and Anna to Larry, who admitted to her that he had cheated on her with a prostitute. Dan and Anna leave their relationships for one another.

Heartbroken, Alice again becomes a stripper. One day, Larry runs into her by surprise at the strip club. When he asks her real name, she tells him it is Jane Jones. He asks her to have sex with him, but she refuses.

Later, Larry and Anna meet for coffee so he can sign their divorce papers. He bargains with her – if she sleeps with him, he will sign the documents and thereafter leave her alone. Anna and Dan later meet and, once she reveals the divorce papers have been signed, he realizes she has had sex with Larry. She did it so he would leave them alone, but Dan is furious and does not trust her.

A distraught Dan later confronts Larry to get Anna back. Larry tells him Anna never filed the signed divorce papers and suggests he return to Alice. Alice takes Dan back and they plan a visit to the United States for a vacation. While in a hotel room at Gatwick Airport celebrating being back together, they talk about how they met. Bringing up Larry, Dan then asks if she had sex with him. She initially denies it but a short while later, she says she does not love him anymore and that she did sleep with Larry. Dan forgives her, but Alice insists it is over and tells him to leave. The argument culminates in Dan slapping Alice.

The Alice Ayres tile in the Memorial to Heroic Self-Sacrifice, Postman's Park, London

At the film's end, Larry and Anna are together, and Alice returns to New York City alone. As she passes through the immigration checkpoint on her way back into the States, a shot of her passport shows her real name is Jane Jones, revealing she had lied about her name during her entire four-year relationship with Dan but had told the truth to Larry, even though he did not believe her. Back in London, Dan returns to Postman's Park and notices the name Alice Ayres on the tiles of the Memorial to Heroic Self-Sacrifice. The Ayres dedication is to a young woman, "who by intrepid conduct" and "at the cost of her own young life," rescued three children from a fire.

The final scene, which resembles the first, shows Jane walking on a New York street alone being stared at by several of the men around her. She crosses a crosswalk that appears to have a "Don't Walk" signal up.

Cast

[edit]

Production

[edit]

Filming

[edit]

Cate Blanchett was originally cast in the role of Anna, but had to drop out of the film in September 2003, before filming had begun, when she became pregnant with her second son, Roman.[3]

Closer was filmed at Elstree Film and Television Studios and on location in London.[4][5]

Music

[edit]

The main theme of the film follows Mozart's opera Così fan tutte, with references to that opera in both the plot and the soundtrack.[2] One of the pivotal scenes develops to the background of the overture to Rossini's opera La Cenerentola ("Cinderella"). The soundtrack also contains songs from Jem, Damien Rice and Lisa Hannigan, Bebel Gilberto, the Devlins, the Prodigy and the Smiths.

The music of Irish folk singer Damien Rice is featured in the film, most notably the song "The Blower's Daughter," whose lyrics have parallels to many of the themes in the film.[6] The opening notes from Rice's song "Cold Water" are also used repeatedly, notably in the memorial park scenes. Rice wrote a song titled "Closer" which was intended for use in the film but was not completed in time.[citation needed]

Reception

[edit]

Critical reaction

[edit]

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval score of 68% based on 212 reviews, and an average rating of 6.60/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Closer's talented cast and Mike Nichols' typically assured direction help smooth a bumpy journey from stage to screen."[7] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, shows a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 42 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[8]

Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, said of the people involved with the film, "[t]hey are all so very articulate, which is refreshing in a time when literate and evocative speech has been devalued in the movies."[9] Peter Travers, writing for Rolling Stone, said, "Mike Nichols' haunting, hypnotic Closer vibrates with eroticism, bruising laughs and dynamite performances from four attractive actors doing decidedly unattractive things."[10] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "[d]espite involved acting and Nichols' impeccable professionalism as a director, the end result is, to quote one of the characters, 'a bunch of sad strangers photographed beautifully'."[11]

The New York Times' A. O. Scott wrote, "[u]nlike most movie love stories, Closer does have the virtue of unpredictability. The problem is that, while parts are provocative and forceful, the film as a whole collapses into a welter of misplaced intensity."[12] In a review on The Atlantic website, Christoper Orr described the film as "flamboyantly bad" and "irretrievably silly, a potty-mouthed fantasy that somehow mistakes itself for a fearless excavation of the dark recesses of the human soul", suggesting that what might have worked on stage came across as "ostentatious melodrama" on film.[13]

In a review from Allmovie, Perry Seibert praised the acting, the direction and the screenwriting, stating that Clive Owen "finds every dimension in his alpha-male character", Julia Roberts "shows not an ounce of movie-star self-consciousness", Natalie Portman "understands [her character] inside and out" and affirming that "[w]ith his superior timing, Nichols allows each of these actors to hit every funny, cruel, and intimate moment in the script". The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw gave Closer a one-star review and stated that Clive Owen was the only actor that portrayed "real emotions" in the film, saying that the other three lead actors could have just been "advertising perfume".[14]

Box office

[edit]

Closer was released on December 3, 2004 in North America. Closer opened in 476 theaters, but the theater count was increased after the film was released. The film was domestically a moderate financial success, grossing $33,987,757.[1] Huge success followed in the international market, where the film grossed an additional $81,517,270; over 70% of its $115,505,027 worldwide gross. The film was produced on a budget of US$27 million.[1]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Award Category Recipient Result
Academy Awards[15] Best Supporting Actor Clive Owen Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Natalie Portman Nominated
British Academy Film Awards[16] Best Adapted Screenplay Patrick Marber Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Clive Owen Won
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Natalie Portman Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[17] Best Motion Picture – Drama Patrick Marber & Mike Nichols Nominated
Best Director Mike Nichols Nominated
Best Screenplay Patrick Marber Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Clive Owen Won
Best Supporting Actress Natalie Portman Won
American Screenwriters Association Discover Screenwriting Award Patrick Marber Nominated
National Board of Review[18] Best Acting by an Ensemble Jude Law, Clive Owen, Natalie Portman and Julia Roberts Won
Las Vegas Film Critics Society[19] Best Supporting Actor Clive Owen Won
Broadcast Film Critics Association Best Acting Ensemble Jude Law, Clive Owen, Natalie Portman and Julia Roberts Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Clive Owen Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Natalie Portman Nominated
Online Film Critics Society Best Adapted Screenplay Patrick Marber Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Clive Owen Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Natalie Portman Nominated
Satellite Award Best Adapted Screenplay Patrick Marber Nominated
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Clive Owen Nominated
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Natalie Portman Nominated
Best Film Editing John Bloom and Antonia Van Drimmelen Nominated
New York Film Critics Circle[20] Best Supporting Actor Clive Owen Won
Toronto Film Critics Association[21] Best Supporting Actor Won
San Diego Film Critics Society Best Supporting Actress Natalie Portman Won
Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie Actress: Drama Nominated

Home media

[edit]

Closer was first released on VHS and DVD on March 29, 2005 and on Blu-ray on May 22, 2007.[22]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Closer (2004)". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved March 21, 2006.
  2. ^ a b Felsenfeld, Daniel (November 8, 2006). "Così fan tutte and the Shock of the Now". Retrieved June 8, 2009.
  3. ^ "Roberts replaces Blanchett in Closer". The Guardian. September 22, 2003. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 4, 2024.
  4. ^ "Elstree Studios". BFI. Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  5. ^ "Closer Locations". www.latlong.net. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  6. ^ Morris, Wesley (December 3, 2004). "On 'Closer' inspection, Nichols rules". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  7. ^ "Closer – Movie Reviews, Trailers, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  8. ^ "Closer (2004): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  9. ^ Ebert, Roger (December 2, 2004). "Gender wars on a whole new level". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
  10. ^ Travers, Peter (December 3, 2004). "Closer". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  11. ^ Turan, Kenneth (December 3, 2004). "Love, sadistically". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
  12. ^ Scott, A. O. (December 3, 2004). "When Talk Is Sexier Than a Clichéd Clinch". The New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
  13. ^ Orr, Christopher (March 2005). "The Movie Review: 'Closer'". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  14. ^ Seibert, Perry. "Closer: Review". Allmovie. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  15. ^ "2005 | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences". www.oscars.org. October 5, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  16. ^ "Film in 2005 | BAFTA Awards". awards.bafta.org. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  17. ^ "Winners & Nominees 2005". www.goldenglobes.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  18. ^ "2004 Archives". National Board of Review. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  19. ^ "Las Vegas Film Critics Society - Sierra Award Winners - 2004". www.lvfcs.org. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  20. ^ Gelder, Lawrence Van (December 14, 2004). "Arts, Briefly; 'Sideways' Dominates Critics' Awards". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  21. ^ "Past Award Winners - 2004". Toronto Film Critics Association. May 29, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  22. ^ "Closer: Releases". Allmovie. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
[edit]
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