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{{Short description|Canadian white supremacist}}
'''Frederick Paul Fromm''' (born January 3, 1949), known as '''Paul Fromm''', is a [[Canada|Canadian]] far-right political activist. Fromm has been identified as a [[neo-Nazi]]<ref name=Pona>Pona, Natalie. "Protesters target neo-Nazi's home", ''[[Toronto Sun]]'', [[August 20]], 2006.</ref><ref>"Paul Fromm, former Peel Board teacher, known for his prominence on the neo-Nazi speaking circuit", [http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw97-8/canada.html Antisemitism and Racism 1997: Canada], [[Stephen Roth Institute]]. Retrieved April 19, 2007.</ref>
{{For|the wine merchant and philanthropist|Paul Fromm (philanthropist)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Paul Fromm
| image = Aryan Guard with Paul Fromm 2009-03-22 (cropped) 2.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt =
| caption = Fromm in 2009
| office = [[Toronto District Catholic School Board|Metropolitan Separate School Board]] Trustee<br>for Area 11 (Etobicoke)
| predecessor = Ed Webster
| successor = Francis Hogan
| term_start = 1976
| term_end = 1978
| birth_name = Frederick Paul Fromm
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|1|3}}
| birth_place = [[Bogotá]], Colombia
| nationality = Canadian
| occupation = High school teacher (1974–1997)
| alma_mater = [[University of Toronto]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| party = {{nowrap|[[Social Credit Party of Ontario|Social Credit]] (1971–72)<br />[[Western Guard Party|Western Guard]] (1972–73)<br />[[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] (1981–83)<br />[[Reform Party of Canada|Reform]] (1983–88){{Citation needed|reason=Dates do not align with the years the Reform Party was active|date=March 2021}}<br />[[Confederation of Regions Party|Confederation of Regions]] (1988) <br />[[Western Block Party|Western Block]] (2011–14)}}<br />[[Independent politician|Independent]] (1973–1981, 1988–2011, 2014–2018)<br />[[Canadians' Choice Party|Canadians' Choice]] (2018–present)
}}

'''Frederick Paul Fromm''' (born January 3, 1949) is a Canadian former high school teacher, [[White supremacy|white supremacist]], [[Neo-Nazism in Canada|neo-Nazi]], and [[perennial candidate|perennial political candidate]].

Fromm is the international director of the white supremacist organization [[Council of Conservative Citizens]]<ref name=roof>{{cite news|title=Ex-Ontario teacher is international director of American 'white nationalist' group that influenced Dylann Roof|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/ex-ontario-teacher-is-international-director-of-american-white-nationalist-group-that-influenced-dylann-roof|work=National Post|date=June 23, 2015}}</ref> and is the director of several [[Far-right politics|far-right]] groups in Canada, most notably the [[Canadian Association for Free Expression]], [[Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform]] and the Canada First Immigration Reform Committee.

He has hosted a radio show on the ''[[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]]'' web site and has ties to former [[Ku Klux Klan]] members [[David Duke]], [[Don Black (white nationalist)|Don Black]], and Mark Martin, a white supremacist rally organizer in [[Covington, Ohio]]. The ''[[National Post]]'' newspaper described him as "one of Canada's most notorious white supremacists".<ref name=McIntyre>McIntyre, Mike. "Children seized over neo-Nazi allegations", ''[[National Post]]'', June 10, 2008.</ref>

Since 2018, he has been based in [[Hamilton, Ontario]],<ref name="spec"/> but he previously lived in [[Mississauga]], [[Ontario]], outside of [[Toronto]], since the 1970s.<ref>Atkins, Stephen E. (2009) [https://books.google.com/books?id=M9Uj6u6b-ZIC&pg=PA204 ''Holocaust Denial as an International Movement''] ABC-CLIO. p.204 {{isbn|9780313345388}}</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
Fromm's mother is of [[French Canadian]] descent while his father is of German Catholic background.<ref name=McLaren>McLaren, Christie. "Edmund Burke society founder Tory official backs idea of supreme race", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[April 28]], 1981.</ref> In the 1980s he was married to [[Daryl Reside]] who had been active in various far-right groups.<ref name=Caplan>[[Gerald Caplan|Caplan, Gerald]]. "In order to maintain its continuing control in South Africa, the Botha government believes it is essential to maintain current economic and diplomatic support from abroad", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', [[May 18]], 1988.</ref>
Fromm was born in [[Bogotá]], Colombia to Canadian parents,<ref name=starx>"Burke Society says violence 'manly' way to fight Communists", ''Toronto Star'', October 19, 1971</ref> and grew up in [[Etobicoke]] in a devout [[Catholic]] family. His mother, Marguerite Michaud, was of [[French Canadian]] descent, while his father, Frederick William Fromm, was of [[Germans|German]] and [[Irish people|Irish]] descent.<ref name=McLaren>McLaren, Christie. "Edmund Burke society founder Tory official backs idea of supreme race", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', April 28, 1981.</ref> His father enlisted in the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] during [[World War II]]. After the war, he qualified as a [[chartered accountant]] and worked in Colombia for an oil company. After Fromm was born, the family returned to Ontario where his father found work as an accountant with the provincial [[Ministry of Transportation (Ontario)|Department of Highways]].<ref name=obit>Staff (June 3, 2009) [http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thestar/obituary.aspx?page=notice&pid=127973189 "Obituary: Frederick William Fromm"] ''[[Toronto Star]]''</ref>


==Political activism==
==Teaching career==
In 1967, as a student at the [[University of Toronto]]'s [[University of St. Michael's College|St. Michael's College]], Paul Fromm co-founded the [[Edmund Burke Society]] with [[Don Andrews]], [[Leigh Smith]] and [[Al Overfield]]<ref name=Farber>[[Bernie Farber|Farber, Bernie]] and Prutschi, Manuel. "Paul Fromm" in ''From Marches to Modems: A Report on Organized Hate in Metro Toronto'', [[Canadian Jewish Congress]], 1997, pp. 16-26.</ref> and founded its student wing "Campus Alternative". The Edmund Burke Society was a right-wing [[anti-communism|anti-communist]] group that agitated against prominent left wing movements and causes of the period.
The group's main focus was opposition to the [[New Left]] and other left wing tendencies that were prominent at the time and which the Burkers identified with [[Communism]]. In 1970, the group disrupted a speech by [[William Kunstler]] resulting in the [[Chicago Seven]]'s lawyer drenching EBSer Paul Fromm with a pitcher of water. A melee between Burkers and Kunstler's supporters ensued and Fromm was knocked unconscious to the floor.<ref name=Johnson>Johnson, Arthur. "Portrait of a racist", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[October 1]], 1979.</ref>


Fromm began teaching at [[Applewood Heights Secondary School]] in 1973. During a public meeting on race relations in 1991, he said "scalp them", while activist [[Rodney Bobiwash]] of the Native Canadian Centre was speaking. The [[Canadian Jewish Congress]] and community and race relations committee chair [[Art Eggleton]] called for review of his employment; the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto called for his dismissal. Fromm said his remark was misinterpreted, and claimed to leave his politics out of the classroom.<ref>{{cite news |last=Small |first=Peter |title=Board urged to review teacher over remark |work=Toronto Star |date=26 September 1991 |page=A6 |id={{ProQuest|436471391}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hall |first1=Joseph |title=Teacher's 'Scalp them' remark faces board probe Peel chairperson seeking first-hand account of incident |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=27 September 1991 |page=A6 |id={{ProQuest|436470861}} }}</ref>
Fromm led a successful attempt by the Western Guard to take over the Ontario wing of the [[Social Credit Party of Canada]]. His success resulted in [[Ernest Manning]] intervening to place the Ontario organization under trusteeship in order to counter Fromm's activities.<ref>[[Security Intelligence Review Committee]], ''The Heritage Front Affair: Report to the Solicitor General of Canada'', section 7.1, [[December 9]], 1994.</ref><ref>http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/canadian/league-for-human-rights/heritage-front/into-the-mainstream.html</ref>


Fromm's 1990 speech to the Western Guard was shown to the [[Peel District School Board]] in 1992, prompting the board to ask the province to review Fromm's contract, warn Fromm to end his involvement with racist organizations, and urge the [[Ontario Teachers' Federation]] to establish guidelines of teachers. The OTF replied that such guidelines existed in the Teaching Profession Act, and contesting that it was up to the board to pursue.<ref>{{cite news|author=Donovan Vincent |title=Teacher's group rejects request for guidelines |work=Toronto Star |date=6 August 1992 |location=Toronto ON |page=MA2 |id={{ProQuest|436699127}}}}</ref> The board asked the Ontario Ministry of Education to review his teaching certificate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Board asks review of teacher conduct |work=Kitchener-Waterloo Record |agency=Canadian Press |date=1 May 1992 |location=Kitchener, ON |page=A13 |id={{ProQuest|275379189}}}}</ref>
As the far left waned, EBSers turned their attention to issues of race and immigration and became increasingly attracted to [[white supremacist]] theories. As a result, in February 1972 the group renamed itself the [[Western Guard]].<ref name=Johnson/> Three months later, Fromm was the opening speaker at a Western Guard banquet honouring [[Robert Miles]], a former Ku Klux Klan leader who became a leading ideologue in the [[Christian Identity]] movement.<ref name=Farber/> Fromm, Overfield and several others resigned from the Western Guard in May immediately after accounts of the banquet, and the existence of the Western Guard were made public in a Toronto Sun article. Fromm's departure left the leadership of the Guard in the hands of Don Andrews.<ref name=Farber/>


In June 1993, it was announced that Fromm would be reassigned to teaching adult education, "the best option legally available to the board." The school board chair suggested adults would be more likely to act on inappropriate behaviour, than high school students.<ref>{{cite news |last=Downey |first=Don |title=White supremacist teacher moved out of high school class |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=11 June 1993 |page=A14 |id={{ProQuest|385316781}} }}</ref>
Al Overfield later became associated with the [[neo-Nazi]] group the [[Heritage Front]] through [[Wolfgang Droege]] and Andrews was arrested for his role in a bomb plot and founded the white supremacist [[Nationalist Party of Canada]] when his bail conditions banned him from associating with the Western Guard.


==White supremacist activities==
Fromm graduated from university with an education degree, and worked as a school teacher with the [[Regional Municipality of Peel, Ontario|Peel Region]] Board of Education. He tried to distance himself for a time from groups that were visibly linked to explicitly [[racism|racist]] and [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] beliefs. He founded "Countdown" which led to three organizations that attempted to make far-right views palatable to the mainstream.
Fromm was an admirer of [[Fidel Castro]] in the early 1960s, but changed his views after coming across the writings of [[Barry Goldwater]].<ref name=starx/>


In 1967, as a student at the [[University of Toronto]]'s [[University of St. Michael's College|St. Michael's College]], Fromm co-founded the [[Edmund Burke Society (Toronto)|Edmund Burke Society]] (EBS), with [[Don Andrews]] and Leigh Smith, as well as its student wing "Campus Alternative".<ref name=Farber>[[Bernie Farber|Farber, Bernie]] and Prutschi, Manuel. "Paul Fromm" in ''From Marches to Modems: A Report on Organized Hate in Metro Toronto'', [[Canadian Jewish Congress]], 1997, pp. 16-26.</ref> The Edmund Burke Society was a [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] group that agitated against prominent left-wing movements. The group would often disrupt left-wing rallies and events, sometimes violently. The group's main focus was opposition to the [[New Left]] and other left-wing tendencies that the Society associated with [[communism]]. In 1970, the group disrupted a speech by left-wing radical lawyer, [[William Kunstler]], with Fromm climbing on stage and pouring a glass of water on Kunstler's lecture notes, resulting in the [[Chicago Seven]]'s lawyer drenching Fromm with a pitcher of water. A melee between EBS members and Kunstler's supporters ensued, and Fromm was knocked to the floor unconscious.<ref name=Johnson>Johnson, Arthur. "Portrait of a racist", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', October 1, 1979.</ref>
Fromm was elected as a Catholic [[school trustee]] serving on the Metro Toronto [[Separate School]] Board from 1976 to 1978.<ref name=McLaren/>


With the support of members of the Edmund Burke Society, Fromm was elected president of the [[Ontario Social Credit Party]] in 1971, and was able to have other EBS members elected to the party's executive. Three Social Credit candidates in the [[1971 Ontario general election|1971 Ontario election]] were avowed "Burkers".<ref name=starx/>
In 1979, he founded "[[Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform]]" (C-FAR) a "Canada First" group that opposed [[foreign aid]] to [[third world]] nations. Though C-FAR was founded specifically to address the foreign aid issue, it campaigns on a number of questions of both domestic and [[foreign policy]] including crime and punishment, [[multiculturalism]], immigration and other issues. It sponsors lectures by well-knowns of the far right and publishes pamphlets and books mostly on [[race|racial]] and immigration issues.<ref name="Shulgan">Shulgan, Christopher. "Will he be the next Zundel? With Canada's best-known supremacist deported, former teacher Paul Fromm is working to revive the far-right movement", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[March 5]], 2005.</ref>


As the New Left movement waned, Edmund Burke Society members turned their attention to issues of race and immigration and became increasingly attracted to [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] ideas. In February 1972, the group renamed itself the [[Western Guard Party|Western Guard]].<ref name=Johnson/> In 1972, after having lost the Social Credit Party presidency to James McGillvray, Fromm led a successful attempt by the Western Guard to take over the Ontario wing of the [[Social Credit Party of Canada]]. The national executive of the national Social Credit Party declared membership in the Western Guard "incompatible" with membership in the party, which led national Social Credit leader [[Réal Caouette]] to place the Ontario organization under trusteeship in order to counter Fromm's activities.<ref>"Ontario Socreds may have violated bylaws", ''The Globe and Mail'', April 5, 1972</ref><ref>[[Security Intelligence Review Committee]], ''The Heritage Front Affair: Report to the Solicitor General of Canada'', section 7.1, December 9, 1994.</ref><ref>The League for Human Rights of B'nai Brith Canada, ''[http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/canadian/league-for-human-rights/heritage-front/into-the-mainstream.html The Heritage Front: Into the mainstream] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918202058/http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/canadian/league-for-human-rights/heritage-front/into-the-mainstream.html |date=September 18, 2018 }}, 1994''</ref>
In 1980, he founded the [[Canadian Association for Free Expression]] (CAFE) which was created in opposition to the establishment of the [[Canadian Human Rights Commission]]. CAFE has been active defending the rights of accused [[anti-Semite]]s, [[racist]]s and [[Holocaust denial|Holocaust deniers]] against prosecution under [[hate crime]]s and [[human rights]] legislation.<ref name="Shulgan"/>


In May 1972, Fromm was the opening speaker at a Western Guard banquet honouring [[Robert E. Miles]], a former [[Ku Klux Klan]] leader who became a leading ideologue in the [[Christian Identity]] movement.<ref name=Farber/> Fromm, Overfield and several others resigned from the Western Guard in May 1972, immediately after the ''[[Toronto Sun]]'' published an article on the group, which included information about the banquet. Fromm's departure left the leadership of the Western Guard in the hands of Don Andrews.<ref name=Farber/> Fromm claimed in a 1973 letter to the ''[[Toronto Star]]'' that he left the Western Guard "because of a growing radicalization of its politics and the irresponsibility of some of its activities".<ref>"Edmund Burke Society doesn't exist", Paul Fromm (Letter to the Editor), ''Toronto Star'', February 20, 1973</ref> Later, he denied ever having been a member of the Guard, saying he "never had any connection" with the organization. When confronted with his 1973 letter, he dismissed it as "a matter of semantics".<ref>"Right-wing or Racist", by Lindsay Scotton, ''Toronto Star'', October 8, 1983</ref>
The third group he founded was the "Canada First Immigration Reform Committee" which advocates [[immigration reduction|reduced immigration]], and opposes immigration by [[people of color|non-whites]].
These three groups still exist today and are still led by Fromm. Their membership and mandates overlap, and they are essentially a single organization for all intents and purposes. Fromm's leadership of these groups has given him some access to media, such as being invited onto radio talk shows and occasionally being quoted in newspapers or having a letter to the editor published.<ref name="Shulgan"/>


On August 4, 2008, [[Fox News]] interviewed Fromm in relation to the prosecution of right-wing Canadian author [[Mark Steyn]]. The [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] criticised Fox for identifying Fromm only as a "Free Speech Activist".<ref>[http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2008/08/07/fox-news%e2%80%99-%e2%80%98free-speech-activist%e2%80%99-is-infamous-extremist Fox News Channel's 'Free Speech Activist' is Infamous Racist Activist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813031909/http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2008/08/07/fox-news%E2%80%99-%E2%80%98free-speech-activist%E2%80%99-is-infamous-extremist/ |date=2008-08-13 }}, 7 August 2008</ref>
Fromm also founded Canadian Friends of [[Rhodesia]] in the late 1970s to support the [[white minority rule]] regime of [[Ian Smith]] and his [[Rhodesian Front]]. In the mid to late 1980s, Fromm's organizations were involved in advocacy on behalf of [[South Africa]]'s [[apartheid]] regime and opposing the movement to impose [[economic sanction]]s on the country.<ref name=Caplan/>


In 2010, Fromm organized small protests across the country against the admission of a group of [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Sri Lankan Tamil]] refugees arriving on the [[MV Sun Sea|MV ''Sun Sea'']]. In August he led a small protest in [[Calgary]] with members of the [[Aryan Guard]] outside of [[Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (Canada)|Immigration Minister]] [[Jason Kenney]]'s constituency office which "so terrified the receptionist that she locked the door and would not accept Mr. Fromm's delivery of a letter until police arrived".<ref name=tamil>[http://www.financialpost.com/news/White+supremacist+puts+genteel+face+racism/3402310/story.html "'White supremacist' puts a genteel face on racism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818160030/http://www.financialpost.com/news/White+supremacist+puts+genteel+face+racism/3402310/story.html |date=2010-08-18 }}, ''National Post'', August 15, 2010</ref> He also organized a small protest with [[Doug Christie (lawyer)|Doug Christie]] in [[Esquimalt, British Columbia]], where the boat was docked and also led small pickets later in the month in Ottawa and Hamilton.<ref name=tamil/>
Fromm attempted to enter mainstream political activity by joining the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada]]. He was elected treasurer of "PC [[Metro Toronto|Metro]]", a network of 31 [[Toronto]] PC [[riding association]]s on April 15, 1981.<ref name=Federal>"Federal PCs deny link to remarks by party official on immigration", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[April 29]], 1981.</ref> He angered many people and embarrassed both the federal and Ontario Progressive Conservatives when a profile in the ''Globe and Mail'' quoted him saying that breeding a "[[White supremacy|supreme race]]" for intelligence was a good idea and calling for [[Vietnam]]ese [[refugee]]s to be sent to "desert islands" off the Philippines and Indonesia rather than be accepted into Canada where they would "upset the racial balance".<ref name=McLaren/><ref>http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/s/shallit-jeffrey/sr-fromm.html</ref> His comments resulted in Progressive Conservative Premier [[William Davis]] being asked in the legislature whether he is willing "to tolerate such neo-fascist, if not fascist, ideas within the Conservative Party."<ref name=Federal/> Federal Progressive Conservative immigration critic [[Chris Speyer]] attempted to distance the party from Fromm's views saying his remarks "are entirely his and certainly don't represent the views of the party or the caucus."<ref name=Federal/> Federal PC president [[Peter Blaikie]] asked Fromm to resign from the local executive telling the press on April 30, 1981 "I'm not going to comment on the state of Mr. Fromm's mind. It's quite clear that that article, accurate or inaccurate, sets out a position which is clearly at variance with that of the party," and that the issue "has created some difficulty and embarrassment for the party," Mr. Blaikie said, telling a press conference that he had "in the interests of the party, requested his resignation" as PC Metro treasurer calling it "a question of party unity" and that Fromm had agreed to Blaikie's request.<ref name=McLaren2>McLaren, Christie. "Globe quoted racist views Fromm resigns Metro PC post at request of national office", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[May 1]], 1981.</ref>


===Mainstream and electoral politics===
He was an active support of right-wing Member of Parliament [[John A. Gamble]]'s unsuccessful bid to win the leadership of the federal Progressive Conservatives in 1983.<ref name=Gamble>Martin, Lawrence. "Hard-liner Gamble enters Tory race", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[March 7]], 1983.</ref> Fromm's work with Gamble continued beyond the unsuccessful leadership bid and included work in the [[World Anti-Communist League]].<ref name=Caplan/> In 1993, Gamble was rejected as a candidate for the [[Reform Party of Canada]] because of his long association with Fromm and other racist activists.<ref>Desmond, Bill, "Local Reform party stands by candidate", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', April 14, 1993</ref><ref>Small, Peter. "Reform party rejects former MP as candidate, ''[[Toronto Star]]'', [[April 4]], 1993.</ref>
Fromm graduated from university with a master's degree in English and an education degree. He worked as a school teacher with the [[Regional Municipality of Peel, Ontario|Peel Region]] Board of Education from 1974 until his dismissal in 1997. He temporarily tried to distance himself from groups that were visibly linked to explicitly [[Racism|racist]] and neo-Nazi beliefs. He founded Countdown, which led to the creation of three organizations that attempted to make far-right views palatable to the mainstream. Fromm was elected as a Catholic [[school trustee]] in 1976, after an unsuccessful attempt in 1974, and served on the Metro [[Toronto District Catholic School Board|Toronto Separate School Board]] until he was defeated in his bid for re-election two years later.<ref name=McLaren/> His father, Fred, was also defeated in his 1978 bid for a seat on the board.


In 1976, Fromm founded the [[Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform]] (C-FAR), which opposes [[foreign aid]] to [[Third World]] nations. The organization also deals with other issues, including crime and punishment, [[multiculturalism]] and immigration. It sponsors lectures by far-right individuals, and publishes pamphlets and books, mostly about [[Race (classification of human beings)|race]] and immigration.<ref name="Shulgan">Shulgan, Christopher. "Will he be the next Zundel? With Canada's best-known supremacist deported, former teacher Paul Fromm is working to revive the far-right movement", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', March 5, 2005.</ref> In 1981, Fromm founded [[Canadian Association for Free Expression]] (CAFE), in opposition to the [[Canadian Human Rights Commission]]. CAFE has been active defending the rights of accused [[Antisemitism|antisemites]], racists and [[Holocaust denial|Holocaust deniers]] against prosecution under [[hate crime]] and [[human rights]] legislation.<ref name="Shulgan"/> Another group he founded was Canada First Immigration Reform Committee, which advocates [[immigration reduction|reduced immigration]], and opposes immigration by [[people of color|non-whites]]. These three groups still exist today and are still led by Fromm. Their membership and mandates overlap, and they are essentially a single organization. Fromm's leadership of these groups has given him some access to the mainstream media, such as radio talk shows and newspapers.<ref name="Shulgan"/>
In the late 1980s, Fromm was himself an active member of the [[Reform Party of Canada]], but was essentially expelled in late 1988 when leader [[Preston Manning]] sent Fromm a letter asking him to "dissociate" himself from the party in October, 1988 following complaints by party members about the racist tenor of a speech Fromm made at a local Reform Party gathering.<ref>http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/canadian/sirc/heritage-front/77.html</ref> He was a candidate for the far-right [[Confederation of Regions Party]] in the November 1988 federal election receiving 258 votes in [[Mississauga East]].<ref>http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/house/hfer/hfer.asp?Language=E&Search=Cresdetail&Election=9294</ref>


In the late 1970s, Fromm also founded Canadian Friends of [[Rhodesia]] to support the [[white minority rule]] regime of [[Ian Smith]] and his [[Rhodesian Front]]. In the mid to late 1980s, Fromm's organizations were involved in advocacy on behalf of [[South Africa]]'s [[History of South Africa in the Apartheid era|apartheid]] regime, and opposing the movement to impose [[economic sanction]]s on the country.<ref name=Caplan>[[Gerald Caplan|Caplan, Gerald]]. "In order to maintain its continuing control in South Africa, the Botha government believes it is essential to maintain current economic and diplomatic support from abroad", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', May 18, 1988.</ref>
===Open links to fascists===
In the 1990s, Fromm spoke at several [[Heritage Front]] events, including a celebration of [[Adolf Hitler]]'s birthday.<ref name=Mahoney>Mahoney, Jill. [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070420.wxfromm20/BNStory/National/home "Activists confront controversial educator: Demonstrators charged as scuffle erupts over ex-teacher tied to white supremacists"], ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', [[April 20]], 2007.</ref> A video surfaced of him addressing rally and referring to Canadian [[Fascism|fascist]] [[John Ross Taylor]] as a "hero".<ref name=Mahoney/> Taylor was one of two Canadian [[Nazism|Nazis]] interned by the government during [[World War II]]. The video shows Fromm standing beside a Nazi flag during the Heritage Front's "Martyr's Day". The rally included shouts from the audience of "[[Sieg Heil]]!", "[[white power]]", "Hail [[The Order (group)|The Order]]!" and "[[nigger]], nigger, nigger, out out out".<ref name=Farber/> These types of incidents led to Fromm's dismissal from his school teaching job in 1997.<ref name=Mahoney/>


Fromm attempted to enter mainstream political activity by joining the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada]]. He was elected treasurer of PC [[Metro Toronto|Metro]], a network of 31 [[Toronto]] PC [[riding association]]s on April 15, 1981.<ref name=Federal>"Federal PCs deny link to remarks by party official on immigration", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', April 29, 1981.</ref> He angered many people and embarrassed both the federal and [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Ontario Progressive Conservatives]] when a profile in ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' quoted him as saying that breeding a "[[White supremacy|supreme race]]" for intelligence was a good idea, and as calling for [[Vietnam]]ese refugees to be sent to "desert islands" off the [[Philippines]] and [[Indonesia]] rather than be accepted into Canada where they would "upset the racial balance".<ref name=McLaren/><ref>Shallit, Jeffrey, [http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/s/shallit-jeffrey/sr-fromm.html The Shallit Report: Lies of Our Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050908025319/http://nizkor.org/hweb/people/s/shallit-jeffrey/sr-fromm.html |date=September 8, 2005 }}</ref> His comments resulted in Progressive Conservative premier [[Bill Davis]] being asked in the legislature whether he is willing "to tolerate such neo-fascist, if not fascist, ideas within the Conservative Party".<ref name=Federal/> Federal Progressive Conservative immigration critic [[Chris Speyer (politician)|Chris Speyer]] said Fromm's remarks were "entirely his and certainly don't represent the views of the party or the caucus".<ref name=Federal/> Federal PC president [[Peter Blaikie]] asked Fromm to resign from the local executive, telling the press on April 30, 1981: "It's quite clear that that article, accurate or inaccurate, sets out a position which is clearly at variance with that of the party", and that the issue "has created some difficulty and embarrassment for the party".<ref name=McLaren2>McLaren, Christie. "Globe quoted racist views Fromm resigns Metro PC post at request of national office", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', May 1, 1981.</ref>
In 2000, a published report alleged that developer [[Martin Weiche]], a former leader of the Canadian Nazi Party, was one of Fromm's major financial backers.<ref>DiMatteo, Enzo. [http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2000-12-14/newsspread.html "The two faces of Paul Fromm"], [[NOW (magazine)|NOW]],December 14-20, 2000.</ref> Fromm has shared a stage with [[Holocaust denial|Holocaust denier]] [[David Irving]], and has organized rallies in support of Holocaust denier [[Ernst Zündel]].<ref name="Shulgan"/> [[B'nai Brith]] legal counsel Anita Bromberg has said "Fromm is the one who has put himself out there most directly as supporting Zundel. He looks as though he's waiting in the wings."<ref name="Shulgan"/> In 2004, Fromm was associated with [[David Duke]]'s efforts to unite the [[White nationalism|white nationalists]] with the [[New Orleans Protocol]]. In the 2000s, he has tried to revive the display of the [[Canadian Red Ensign]] flag.


In 1983, Fromm was an active supporter of right-wing Member of Parliament [[John A. Gamble]]'s unsuccessful bid to win the [[Progressive Conservative leadership convention, 1983|leadership of the federal Progressive Conservatives]].<ref name=Gamble>Martin, Lawrence. "Hard-liner Gamble enters Tory race", ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', March 7, 1983.</ref> Fromm's work with Gamble continued beyond his unsuccessful leadership bid, and included work in the [[World Anti-Communist League]].<ref name=Caplan/> In 1993, Gamble was rejected as a candidate for the [[Reform Party of Canada]] because of his long association with Fromm and other racist activists.<ref>Desmond, Bill, "Local Reform party stands by candidate", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', April 14, 1993</ref><ref>Small, Peter. "Reform party rejects former MP as candidate, ''[[Toronto Star]]'', April 4, 1993.</ref>
In January 2005, Fromm defended himself at a disciplinary hearing of the Ontario College of Teachers against charges including "failure to maintain professional standards; not complying with college regulations and bylaws; disgraceful, dishonourable, unprofessional and/or unbecoming conduct; and practising while in a conflict of interest."<ref>Ferenc, Leslie. "On trial for political views, ex-teacher says; Fired for alleged links to white supremacists Now faces charges from profession's governing body", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', [[January 26]], 2005.</ref><ref name=Mahoney/> If found guilty by the college, Fromm could lose his licence to teach in [[Ontario]]. Following three days of hearings, further deliberation was postponed. The hearing resumed in April 2007.<ref name=Mahoney/>


In the late 1980s, Fromm was an active member of the Reform Party, but was essentially expelled in October 1988 when leader [[Preston Manning]] sent Fromm a letter asking him to "dissociate" himself from the party, following complaints by party members about the racist tenor of a speech Fromm made at a Reform Party gathering.<ref>Security Intelligence Review Committee, ''[http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/canadian/sirc/heritage-front/77.html The Heritage Front Affair Report to the Solicitor General of Canada, Section 7.7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716092814/http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/canadian/sirc/heritage-front/77.html |date=July 16, 2007 }}'', December 9, 1994</ref> In the [[1988 Canadian federal election|1988 federal election]], Fromm ran as a candidate for the [[Confederation of Regions Party]] in the [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Mississauga East]], and received 288 votes.<ref>Parliament of Canada website, [https://archive.today/20130101044357/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E&Search=Cresdetail&Election=9294 History of Federal Ridings since 1867: MISSISSAUGA EAST (1988/11/21)]</ref>
Fromm has acted as an advocate for individuals on the [[far right]] who have been called before the [[Canadian Human Rights Tribunal]]. Among those Fromm has represented is [[Glenn Bahr]], the co-founder and former leader of [[Western Canada For Us]], and [[Terry Tremaine]], former [[University of Saskatchewan]] [[mathematics]] lecturer.<ref>http://www.canadianfreespeech.com/updates/tremaine/destruction.html</ref><ref>http://www.recomnetwork.org/articles/05/04/07/0224246.shtml][http://www.bnaibrith.ca/audit2005Analysis.html</ref>
In 2006, he represented the [[Canadian Heritage Alliance]] at a CHRT hearing in Toronto, and supported John Beck of the group BC White Pride at a CHRT hearing in [[Penticton, British Columbia]].<ref>http://www.pentictonwesternnews.com/portals-code/list.cgi?paper=102&cat=23&id=781268&more=</ref><ref>http://www.pentictonherald.ca/article_2514.php</ref>
Fromm has been described as a mentor to younger "far-right extremists" such as [[Melissa Guille]] and [[Jason Ouwendyk]].<ref name="Shulgan"/>


In 1997, Fromm was a candidate for the public school board in [[Regional Municipality of Peel, Ontario|Peel Region]]. He received 827 votes (10.39% of ballots cast), coming in last of four candidates.
===Electoral activity===
In 1976, Fromm was elected to the [[Metro Toronto]] [[Separate School]] Board. He was defeated in his 1978 attempt to win re-election. In the [[Canadian federal election, 1988|1988 federal election]], Fromm ran as a candidate for the [[Confederation of Regions Party]] in the [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Mississauga East]], receiving 288 votes. He was a candidate for the public school board in [[Regional Municipality of Peel, Ontario|Peel Region]] during the 1997 municipal elections and received 827 votes, 10.39% of ballots cast, coming in last of four candidates. His name was the first on the ballot which may have allowed his vote total to be inflated due to the ''[[primacy effect]]'' in a four-way contest amongst independents.<ref>http://www.newhousenews.com/archive/benson081704.html</ref>


Fromm was a candidate for mayor of [[Mississauga, Ontario]] in the [[2010 Mississauga municipal election|October 25, 2010, municipal election]], running on an anti-immigration platform.<ref>[http://www.mississauga.com/news/article/871330--former-teacher-running-for-mayor "Former teacher running for mayor", ''Mississauga News'', September 9, 2010]</ref> Fromm reportedly made racist and homophobic comments during his campaign and displayed white supremacist and Holocaust denial literature at his campaign tables.<ref name=high>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/Ottawa+withdraws+from+clash+interests+over+hate+speech/3715859/story.html |title="Ottawa withdraws from clash of interests over hate speech law", ''National Post'', October 23, 2010 |access-date=October 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110127234756/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/Ottawa+withdraws+from+clash+interests+over+hate+speech/3715859/story.html |archive-date=January 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> He claimed that train stations in the city looked "like flippin' Calcutta" and that the city had been "paved over with ticky tacky houses that are mostly filled with East Indians"<ref name=high/> and is also quoted as saying "I wake up in the morning and I feel great. I'm high on hate".<ref name=high/> On election day, Fromm came in ninth in a field of 17 with 917 votes which represented 0.65% of the total vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.mississauga.ca/vote2010/results_mayor_2010.asp |title=Vote 2010 - Election Results - Mayor & Citywide |access-date=2010-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029195531/http://www2.mississauga.ca/vote2010/results_mayor_2010.asp |archive-date=2010-10-29 }}</ref> Fromm again [[2014 Peel Region municipal elections|ran for Mayor of Mississauga]] in 2014 receiving 775 votes (0.48%) and coming in 10th in a field of 15.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mississaugavotes.ca/Download/ElectionResults/2014_Municipal_Election_Official_Results.pdf|title=City of Mississauga Municipal Elections - Index|access-date=November 11, 2014|archive-date=November 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110225003/http://www.mississaugavotes.ca/Download/ElectionResults/2014_Municipal_Election_Official_Results.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Public opposition==


In the [[2011 Canadian federal election|2011 federal election]], Fromm stood in [[Calgary Southeast]] as the candidate of the far right [[Western Block Party]] against [[Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (Canada)|immigration minister]] [[Jason Kenney]], on a platform advocating a freeze in immigration.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} Kenney was re-elected, winning over 76% of the vote, while Fromm received 193 votes, around 0.3%.
Fromm has experienced a significant amount of public opposition over the years. His "Alternative Forum" meetings have been the targets of protests, and have been disrupted and occasionally shut down by protesters.


In 2016, Fromm attempted to join the [[Conservative Party of Canada]] in order to support the [[2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election|leadership campaign]] of [[Kellie Leitch]] due to her support for [[immigration reform]] and a "Canadian values" test for prospective immigrants. Leitch's campaign co-chair Sander Grieve wrote back to Fromm, saying: "We have not processed your membership and we will not be submitting it to the party, as we believe your public statements are not consistent with the principles of the party or the policies being advanced by our campaign."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/inside-nick-kouvaliss-fake-news-strategy/|title = Inside Nick Kouvalis's fake news strategy|date = 11 January 2017}}</ref>
On August 19, 2006, Fromm's [[Port Credit, Ontario]] home was besieged by dozens of anti-fascist youth, who surrounded the home, challenging Fromm to come outside. Although he reportedly remained locked inside an upstairs washroom, approximately half a dozen neo-Nazi gang members were present outside his townhouse. Over fifty police officers were on call to protect Fromm and his neo-Nazi supporters. The area was plastered in flyers advertising Fromm's home address, and far-right political affiliations. The protest ended without incident.<ref name=Pona/>

Fromm endorsed socially conservative candidate Tanya Granic Allen in the [[2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gallant|first1=Jacques|title=White nationalist endorses Tanya Granic Allen's Tory leadership campaign|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/queenspark/2018/02/24/white-nationalist-endorses-tanya-granic-allens-tory-leadership-campaign.html|access-date=February 24, 2018|work=Toronto Star|date=February 24, 2018|language=en-CA}}</ref> Although she did not respond when originally asked for comment by the ''Toronto Star'', Granic Allen later publicly stated on Twitter that she rejects his endorsement with the statement: "No place in our party for white supremacists."<ref>{{cite news|title=Ontario PC leadership candidate distances campaign from online support from white nationalist|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-pc-leadership-candidate-distances-campaign-from-online-support-from-white-nationalist-1.4551248|access-date=February 25, 2018|work=CBC News|date=February 25, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Fromm was a candidate for the [[Canadians' Choice Party]] in [[Etobicoke Centre (provincial electoral district)|Etobicoke Centre]] during the [[2018 Ontario general election]], receiving 631 votes (1.1%).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elections.on.ca/content/ngw/en/election-results/etobicoke-centre.html |title=Etobicoke Centre |access-date=2018-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140436/https://www.elections.on.ca/content/ngw/en/election-results/etobicoke-centre.html |archive-date=2018-06-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Fromm moved to [[Hamilton, Ontario]] in 2018, after having lived in Mississauga for several decades, and registered as a candidate for Mayor of Hamilton in the [[2018 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election|October 2018 municipal election]].<ref name="spec">{{cite news |title=Self-proclaimed white nationalist Paul Fromm running for mayor in Hamilton |url=https://www.thespec.com/news-story/8758607-self-proclaimed-white-nationalist-paul-fromm-running-for-mayor-in-hamilton/ |access-date=July 24, 2018 |work=Hamilton Spectator |date=July 24, 2018 |archive-date=July 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724193343/https://www.thespec.com/news-story/8758607-self-proclaimed-white-nationalist-paul-fromm-running-for-mayor-in-hamilton/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Notorious white nationalist Paul Fromm running to be mayor of Hamilton |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/paul-fromm-1.4759236 |access-date=July 24, 2018 |work=CBC News |date=July 24, 2018}}</ref> Fromm came in 7th in a field of 15 with 706 votes which represented 0.51% of the total vote.

In July 2019, Fromm posed for a photo with [[Maxime Bernier]], party leader of the [[People's Party of Canada]]. He later endorsed Bernier on Twitter, writing that Bernier had "both the charisma and determination to put CANADA FIRST," and praising the former Conservative leadership contender's immigration policies as steps toward "regaining control" of Canada's border.<ref>Lum, Zi-Ann (31 July 2019) [https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/maxime-bernier-paul-fromm_ca_5d41dcb7e4b0d24cde09ffb6 "Maxime Bernier 'Had No Idea' He Posed With White Supremacist Paul Fromm: Party"] ''[[HuffPost]]''</ref>

He was a candidate in the [[2023 Scarborough—Guildwood provincial by-election]], where he received 66 votes (0.43%).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.on.ca/en/resource-centre/elections-results.html#accordionbyelections | title=Election Results }}</ref>

===Links to other prominent fascists and racists===
[[File:Aryan Guard with Paul Fromm 2009-03-22 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Fromm (middle person wearing glasses and no mask) marching with neo-Nazi [[Aryan Guard]] members in Calgary, Alberta on March 21, 2009]]
In the 1990s, Fromm spoke at several [[Heritage Front]] events, including a celebration of [[Adolf Hitler]]'s birthday.<ref name=Mahoney>{{Cite news|last=Mahoney|first=Jill|date=April 20, 2007|title=Activists confront controversial educator|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/activists-confront-controversial-educator/article1074885/|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|access-date=2021-01-20}}</ref> A video surfaced of him addressing the rally and referring to Canadian [[Fascism|fascist]] [[John Ross Taylor]] as a "hero".<ref name=Mahoney/> Taylor was one of two Canadian [[Nazism|Nazis]] interned by the government during [[World War II]]. The video shows Fromm standing beside a Nazi flag during the Heritage Front's "Martyr's Day". The rally included shouts from the audience of "[[Sieg Heil]]!", "[[White nationalism#White power|white power]]", "Hail [[The Order (white supremacist group)|The Order]]!" and "[[nigger]], nigger, nigger, out out out".<ref name=Farber/> Fromm, a high school English teacher at the time, was reprimanded by the school board after videos of him speaking at white supremacist rallies came to light in 1992.<ref name=Rushowy>Rashowy, Kristin, "College revokes extremist's licence to teach in Ontario", ''Toronto Star'', November 10, 2007</ref> He was transferred to an adult education centre by the board in 1993 pending the outcome of an investigation into his activities and then fired by the school board in 1997.<ref name=Mahoney/><ref name=Bell>Bell, Stewart, "Teacher censured for racist actions," ''National Post'', November 10, 2007</ref>

In 2000, a published report alleged that developer [[Martin Weiche]], a former leader of the Canadian Nazi Party, was one of Fromm's major financial backers.<ref>DiMatteo, Enzo. [http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2000-12-14/newsspread.html "The two faces of Paul Fromm"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616175503/http://nowtoronto.com/issues/2000-12-14/newsspread.html |date=2006-06-16 }}, ''[[Now (newspaper)|Now]]'', December 14–20, 2000.</ref> Fromm organized rallies in support of [[Holocaust denial|Holocaust denier]] [[Ernst Zündel]] and has shared a stage with [[David Irving]], another individual active in the same denialist movement.<ref name="Shulgan"/> [[B'nai B'rith]] legal counsel Anita Bromberg has said "Fromm is the one who has put himself out there most directly as supporting Zündel. He looks as though he's waiting in the wings."<ref name="Shulgan"/> In 2004, Fromm was associated with [[David Duke]]'s efforts to unite [[White nationalism|white nationalists]] with the ''[[New Orleans Protocol]]''. In the 2000s, he has tried to revive the display of the [[Canadian Red Ensign]] flag.

In January 2005, Fromm defended himself at a disciplinary hearing of the [[Ontario College of Teachers]] against charges including "failure to maintain professional standards; not complying with college regulations and bylaws; disgraceful, dishonourable, unprofessional and/or unbecoming conduct; and practising while in a conflict of interest."<ref name=Mahoney/><ref>Ferenc, Leslie. "On trial for political views, ex-teacher says; Fired for alleged links to white supremacists Now faces charges from profession's governing body", ''[[Toronto Star]]'', January 26, 2005.</ref> Following three days of hearings, further deliberations were postponed. The hearing resumed in the spring of 2007<ref name=Mahoney/> and on October 31, 2007, the college rendered its ruling stripping Fromm of his licence to teach in the province of [[Ontario]].<ref name=Bell />

Fromm has acted as an advocate for [[far-right]] activists who have been called before the [[Canadian Human Rights Tribunal]] (CHRT). Among those Fromm has represented are Glenn Bahr, the co-founder and former leader of [[Western Canada for Us]], and [[Terry Tremaine]], a former [[University of Saskatchewan]] mathematics lecturer.<ref>League for Human Rights of [[B'nai Brith Canada]], ''[http://www.bnaibrith.ca/audit2005Analysis.html 2005 Audit of Antisemitic Incidents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716193838/http://www.bnaibrith.ca/audit2005Analysis.html |date=2012-07-16 }}''</ref> In 2006, he represented the [[Canadian Heritage Alliance]] at a CHRT hearing in Toronto, and supported John Beck of the group BC White Pride at a CHRT hearing in [[Penticton, British Columbia]].<ref>"B.C. Human Rights Tribunal hears arguments over `White Pride' website", Canadian Press, April 12, 2006</ref>
Fromm has been described as a mentor to younger "far-right extremists" such as Melissa Guille and Jason Ouwendyk<ref name="Shulgan"/> and as a "'senior player' in the neo-Nazi movement in Canada."<ref>Clarkson, Brett, "Teacher finally tossed: racist loses credentials", ''Toronto Sun'', November 10, 2007</ref> He identifies himself as an advocate for "[[white nationalism|white nationalists]]".<ref name="McIntyre"/>

Fromm has repeatedly spoken at events sponsored by Thomas Robb's [[Ku Klux Klan]] faction, the [[Knights Party]]. In 2007, he was a keynote speaker at the group's White Christian Revival gathering.<ref>"National Faith and Freedom Conference", [http://www.kkk.bz What is White Christian Revival: USA], [[Knights Party KKK]].</ref><ref>"Duke, Pendergraft & Fromm Speak", [http://www.hotshare.net/en/audio/47646-445425803a.html Duke, Pendergraft & Fromm Speak: USA], [[Knights Party KKK]].</ref><ref>"This is the Klan", [http://www.thomasrobb.com/titk2323may052007.htm High School Teacher Turned Nationalist Hero Continues His fight on behalf of white Youth!: USA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919121706/http://www.thomasrobb.com/titk2323may052007.htm|date=2008-09-19}}, [[Knights Party KKK]].</ref>

On March 21, 2009, Fromm participated in a "White Pride" march organized by the [[Aryan Guard]], a neo-Nazi gang in [[Calgary, Alberta]].<ref>Anti-Racist Canada, "[http://anti-racistcanada.blogspot.com/2009/03/pictures.html]"</ref>

In March 2018, Fromm was being investigated by the [[hate crimes]] unit of the Hamilton police, after posting on his website ''[[The Great Replacement conspiracy theory|The Great Replacement]]'', the white supremacist manifesto of [[Australia]]n [[Christchurch mosque shootings#Perpetrator|Brenton Harrison Tarrant]], the terrorist who killed 51 people and injured 50 more at [[Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch|Al Noor Mosque]] and [[Linwood Islamic Centre]] in [[Christchurch]], New Zealand, in the [[Christchurch mosque shootings]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hamilton police investigating after white nationalist posts suspected mosque shooter manifesto |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/paul-fromm-1.5061974 |access-date=March 19, 2019 |work=CBC News |date=March 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Moro|first=Teviah|date=2019-03-19|title=Hamilton police investigating white supremacist Paul Fromm for posting New Zealand shooter's manifesto|language=en|work=[[The Hamilton Spectator]]|url=https://www.thespec.com/news/hamilton-region/2019/03/19/hamilton-police-investigating-white-supremacist-paul-fromm-for-posting-new-zealand-shooter-s-manifesto.html|access-date=2021-01-20|issn=1189-9417}}</ref> Fromm described the manifesto as "cogent" and said violence was "not the way to go, but our vile elites have made it all but inevitable."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bell |first1=Stewart |title=Police investigating after Canadian far-right website reposts New Zealand terrorist's manifesto |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5069005/canadian-far-right-website-reposts-new-zealand-terrorist-manifesto/ |access-date=March 19, 2019 |work=Global News |date=March 18, 2019}}</ref>

==Opposition==
Fromm's "Alternative Forum" meetings have been the targets of demonstrations, and have been disrupted and occasionally shut down by protesters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aratoronto.com/18jan07.html |title=ARA Toronto - Paul Fromm's Meeting Shut Down Twice in One Night |access-date=2008-11-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509090738/http://www.aratoronto.com/18jan07.html |archive-date=2008-05-09 }}</ref><ref>mickblack47@yahoo.com (July 14, 2002) [http://www.ainfos.ca/02/jul/ainfos00273.html "Canada, Halifax, ECARA shuts down Paul Fromm meeting!"] ''A-Infos''</ref>

On August 19, 2006, dozens of [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]] youths surrounded Fromm's [[Port Credit, Ontario]] townhouse, challenging Fromm to come outside. Although he reportedly remained inside, approximately half a dozen neo-Nazis were present outside his home. Over 50 police officers were on call to protect Fromm and his supporters. The area was plastered in flyers advertising Fromm's home address and far-right political affiliations. The protest ended without incident.<ref name=Pona>Pona, Natalie. "Protesters target neo-Nazi's home", ''[[Toronto Sun]]'', August 20, 2006.</ref>

On his way to an April 19, 2007 Ontario College of Teachers hearing into his conduct, Fromm was involved in a scuffle with [[Jewish Defense League]] (JDL) members in an elevator. Protesters claimed that Fromm shoved them, but Fromm asserts that the JDL members lunged at him. Police arrested two protesters, charging them with assault, assaulting police, and obstructing.<ref name=Mahoney/>

In October 2007, the [[House of Commons of Canada]] unanimously passed a resolution banning Fromm and Alexan Kulbashian from the [[Parliament of Canada]] buildings after they attempted to hold a press conference in the parliamentary press theatre. The resolution read: "That this House order that Alexan Kulbashian and Paul Fromm be denied admittance to the precincts of the House of Commons during the present session to preserve the dignity and integrity of the House".<ref>"Commons vote to ban news conference by right-wing activists questioned", Canadian Press, October 18, 2007</ref><ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/mps-unite-to-ban-2-speakers-from-parliament-buildings-1.636127 MPs unite to ban 2 speakers from Parliament Buildings], CBC News, October 18, 2007</ref><ref>"MPs pass all-party motion banning Zundel's legal representative from Hill", ''National Post'', page A5, October 18, 2007</ref>

In 2015, Fromm said in an interview posted on [[YouTube]] that he was denied entry into the United States by the [[Department of Homeland Security]].<ref>[https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/08/12/canadian-white-supremacist-paul-fromm-denied-entry-us Southern Poverty Law Center]</ref>

===Libel case===
Fromm and his [[Canadian Association for Free Expression]] were sued by Ottawa lawyer [[Richard Warman]] for libelling the anti-racist activist in various online posts. On November 23, 2007, Ontario Superior Court Justice Monique Métivier ruled in Warman's favour, ordering Fromm to pay Warman a total of $30,000 in damages and to post full retractions on all the websites on which he posted the defamatory comments within 10 days. Métivier found that Fromm posted statements about Warman "either knowing the fundamental falseness of the accusations he levelled at Mr. Warman, or being reckless as to the truth of these".<ref>Don Butler, "[http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=d6a84a0b-b5af-4f45-a492-7d29dfe30345 Anti-racism activist wins libel judgment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129232408/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=d6a84a0b-b5af-4f45-a492-7d29dfe30345 |date=2007-11-29 }}", ''Ottawa Citizen'', November 24, 2007</ref> Métivier added that "The steady diet of diatribe and insults, couched in half-truths and omissions, all lead up to the finding of malice such that the defamatory statements are not protected by the defence of fair comment".<ref name="appeal">Kirk Makin, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081219100855/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20081216.WARMAN16/TPStory/TPNational/Ontario/ Court upholds $40,000 Web defamation award]", ''The Globe and Mail'', December 16, 2008</ref>

On December 15, 2008, the [[Ontario Court of Appeal]] upheld the original $30,000 defamation judgment against Fromm and added a $10,000 penalty in legal costs. Fromm posted a financial appeal complaining, "We are $17,500 behind in our legal bills&nbsp;– to say nothing of the possible $40,000 debt, if this judgment stands".<ref name="appeal"/> Richard Warman responded to news of the appeal court's ruling by saying it "sends the message that those who try to use the cloak of free speech to poison other people's reputations through lies and defamation do so at their own peril".<ref name="appeal"/>

The [[Supreme Court of Canada]] rejected Fromm's application to appeal the judgement on April 23, 2009.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/top-court-won-t-hear-cases-on-breast-implants-marijuana-church-1.853746 Top court won't hear cases on breast implants, marijuana church Justices reject 31 applications for leave to appeal], ''CBC News'', April 23, 2009</ref>

==Electoral record==
{{CANelec/top|ON|27 July 2023|Scarborough—Guildwood (provincial electoral district)|Scarborough—Guildwood|by=yes|percent=yes|change=yes|prelim=no}}
{{CANelec|ON|Liberal|Andrea Hazell|5,640|36.55|-9.75}}
{{CANelec|ON|PC|[[Gary Crawford (politician)|Gary Crawford]]|4,562|29.57|-1.95}}
{{CANelec|ON|NDP|Thadsha Navaneethan|4,041|26.19|+9.53}}
{{CANelec|ON|[[Stop the New Sex-Ed Agenda]]|Tony Walton|508|3.29|}}
{{CANelec|ON|New Blue|Danielle Height|151|0.98|-0.29}}
{{CANelec|ON|Green|Tara McMahon|146|0.95|-1.88}}
{{CANelec|ON|No Affiliation|Reginald Tull|139|0.90|}}
{{CANelec|ON|[[Canadians' Choice Party|Canadians' Choice]]|Paul Fromm|66|0.43|}}
{{CANelec|ON|Independent|[[Kevin Clarke (politician)|Kevin Clarke]]|57|0.37|-0.14}}
{{CANelec|ON|Independent|Habiba Desai|52|0.34|}}
{{CANelec|ON|Independent|Abu Alam|48|0.31|}}
{{CANelec|ON|Independent|[[John Turmel]]|20|0.13|}}
{{CANelec/total|Total valid votes|15,430|}}
{{CANelec/total|Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots|||}}
{{CANelec/total|Turnout||21.84|-19.79}}
{{CANelec/total|Eligible voters|70,655}}
{{CANelec/hold|ON|Liberal|-3.90}}
{{end}}

{{election table|title=[[2022 Hamilton, Ontario, municipal election]] Results}}
|-
! width='200' |Candidate
! Votes
! %
|-
| [[Andrea Horwath]] || 59,216 || 41.68
|-
| Keanin Loomis || 57,553 || 40.51
|-
| [[Bob Bratina]] || 17,436 || 12.27
|-
| Ejaz Butt || 1,907 || 1.34
|-
| Solomon Ikhuiwu || 1,867 || 1.31
|-
| Jim Davis || 1,433 || 1.01
|-
| Michael Pattison || 1,422 || 1.00
|-
| '''Paul Fromm''' || '''898''' || '''0.63'''
|-
| Hermiz Ishaya || 326 || 0.23
|-
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" | ''Turnout''
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" | ''143,375''
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" | ''35.38''
|-
| colspan = '3' |'''Source:''' [https://www.hamilton.ca/city-council/municipal-election/election-results-archives/2022-election-results City of Hamilton, 2022, "2022 Official Election Results"]
|}

{{election table|title=Candidates for the October 22, 2018 [[Hamilton, Ontario]] [[Hamilton, Ontario, City Council|Mayoral]] Election}}
|-
!rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Candidate
!colspan="3" |Popular vote
!rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Expenditures
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±%
|-
| style="background-color:#66023C;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | '''[[Fred Eisenberger]]''' <small>(Incumbent)</small>
| style="text-align:centre;" | '''74,093'''
| style="text-align:centre;" | '''54.03%'''
| style="text-align:centre;" | '''+14.1%'''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#1406a8;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Vito Sgro
| style="text-align:centre;" | 52,190
| style="text-align:centre;" | 38.06%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#b1e85f;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | George Rusich
| style="text-align:centre;" | 2,220
| style="text-align:centre;" | 1.62%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#fdff91;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jim Davis
| style="text-align:centre;" | 2,071
| style="text-align:centre;" | 1.51%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#E30022;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Nathalie Xian Yi Yan
| style="text-align:centre;" | 1,286
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.94%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#f44262;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Michael Pattison
| style="text-align:centre;" | 899
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.66%
| style="text-align:centre;" | +0.04
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#65AFF6;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Paul Fromm
| style="text-align:centre;" | 706
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.51%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#efffaf;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Carlos Gomes
| style="text-align:centre;" | 521
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.38%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#a3c3f7;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Todd May
| style="text-align:centre;" | 500
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.36%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#f44289;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Henry Geissler
| style="text-align:centre;" | 494
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.36%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#7ff9b0;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Phil Ryerson
| style="text-align:centre;" | 479
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.35%
| style="text-align:centre;" | +0.13%
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#019b10;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Ute Schmid-Jones
| style="text-align:centre;" | 463
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.34%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#4A4B4C;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Edward Graydon
| style="text-align:centre;" | 409
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.30%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#8DB600"|
| style="text-align:left;" | Mark Wozny
| style="text-align:centre;" | 408
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.30%
| style="text-align:centre;" | ''n/a''
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="background-color:#ffe69e;" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Ricky Tavares
| style="text-align:centre;" | 398
| style="text-align:centre;" | 0.29%
| style="text-align:centre;" | -0.06%
| style="text-align:centre;" |
|-
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |'''Total votes'''
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" |138,549
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" | 38.36%
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" | +4.3%
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" colspan="2" |'''Registered voters'''
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" | 361,212
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" | 100%
| style="text-align:right;background-color:#FFFFFF;" | n/a
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |<small>Note: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan. <br /> Note: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)<br />and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates.</small>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="13" |'''Sources:''' [https://www.hamilton.ca/municipal-election/election-information/nominated-candidates-mayor-and-ward-councillor City of Hamilton, "Nominated Candidates"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504155321/https://www.hamilton.ca/municipal-election/election-information/nominated-candidates-mayor-and-ward-councillor |date=May 4, 2018 }}
|}

{{2018 Ontario general election/Etobicoke Centre}}

{{election table|title=Mayor of Mississauga, October 27, 2014 municipal election}}
|-
! style="background:#ddf; width:400px;"| Candidate <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.mississauga.ca/vote2014/whosrunning.asp |title=Mississauga Election 2014 |access-date=January 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104020803/http://www2.mississauga.ca/vote2014/whosrunning.asp |archive-date=January 4, 2014 }}</ref>
! style="background:#ddf; width:50px;"| Vote
! style="background:#ddf; width:30px;"| %
|-
| [[Bonnie Crombie]] || 102,346 || 63.49
|-
| [[Steve Mahoney]] || 46,224 || 28.68
|-
| Dil Muhammad || 2,429 || 1.51
|-
| Stephen King || 1,874 || 1.16
|-
| Masood Khan || 1,254 || 0.78
|-
| Donald Barber || 1,225 || 0.76
|-
| Derek Ramkissoon || 1,044 || 0.65
|-
| Scott E. W. Chapman || 868 || 0.54
|-
| Riazuddin Choudhry || 790 || 0.49
|-
| Paul Fromm || 775 || 0.48
|-
| Kevin Jackal Johnston || 741 || 0.46
|-
| Andrew Seitz || 507 || 0.31
|-
| Joe Lomangino || 415 || 0.26
|-
| Grant Isaac || 392 || 0.24
|-
| Sheraz Siddiqui || 315 || 0.20
|}
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2011|Calgary Southeast|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|[[Jason Kenney]]|48,173|76.26|+2.43|$54,158}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Kirk Oates|6,482|10.26|+3.07|$5}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Brett Spencer|4,079|6.46|-3.80|$5,584}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Brian MacPhee|4,020|6.36|-2.36|$11,237}}
{{CANelec|CA|Independent|Antoni Grochowski|225|0.36|*|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Western Block|Paul Fromm|193|0.31|*|$5,393}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|63,172 |100.00|&ndash;|$104,090}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|129 | 0.20|&ndash;| }}
{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout| 63,301 | 60.32|&ndash;| }}
{{Canadian election result/total|Eligible voters| 104,941 |&ndash;|&ndash;| }}
{{end}}
{{election table|title=Mayor of Mississauga, October 25, 2010 municipal election}}
|-
! style="background:#ddf; width:200px;"| Candidate <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.mississauga.ca/vote2010/candidateslist2010.asp |title=Vote 2010 - List of Candidates |publisher=City of Mississauga |access-date=2010-01-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203223153/http://www2.mississauga.ca/vote2010/candidateslist2010.asp |archive-date=2010-02-03 }}</ref>
! style="background:#ddf; width:50px;"| Vote
! style="background:#ddf; width:30px;"| %
|-
|[[Hazel McCallion]] (X)|| 107,643 || 76.40
|-
|Dave Cook|| 10,744 || 7.63
|-
|George Winter || 4,783 || 3.39
|-
|Ranjit Chahal || 4,199 || 2.98
|-
|Ghani Ahsan|| 3,744 || 2.66
|-
|Ram Selvarajah || 2,241 || 1.59
|-
|Peter Orphanos || 2,140 || 1.52
|-
|Donald Barber|| 1,513 || 1.07
|-
|Paul Fromm||917|| 0.65
|-
|Martin Marinka|| 644 || 0.46
|-
|Bryan Robert Hallett|| 575 || 0.41
|-
|Shirley Vanden Berg || 516 || 0.37
|-
|Ursula Keuper-Bennett|| 329 || 0.23
|-
|Andy Valenton|| 293 || 0.21
|-
|Antu Maprani Chakkunny || 249 || 0.18
|-
|Andrew Seitz|| 233 || 0.17
|-
|Innocent Watat || 139 || 0.10
|}
'''Public School Trustee, Peel Board of Education, November 10, 1997 municipal election'''
:''Mississauga Wards 1 & 7''
*'''Janet McDougald''' 2,862 (32%)
*Joan Parker 2,332 (29%)
*Gail Green 1,938 (24%)
*Paul Fromm 827 (10%)

{{Election box begin | title=[[1988 Canadian federal election]]: [[Mississauga East]]}}
|-
{{Canadian party colour|ON|Liberal|row}}
|[[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
|[[Albina Guarnieri|GUARNIERI, Albina]]
|align="right"|23,055
{{Canadian party colour|ON|PC|row}}
|[[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]]
|PALLETT, Laurie
|align="right"| 20,963
{{Canadian party colour|ON|NDP|row}}
|[[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]]
|GROZDANOVSKI, Walter
|align="right"|5,677
{{CANelec|CA|Libertarian|HARRINGTON, Sandra |345 }}
{{CANelec|CA|CoR|FROMM, Paul |258 }}
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}}
|Independent
| DI PALMA, Adel
|align="right"|189
{{CANelec|CA|PCC| VINING, Trevor I.D. |79 }}
|}
'''Metropolitan Toronto Separate (Catholic) School Board Trustee, November 13, 1978 municipal election'''
:''Metro Ward 11'' (314 out of 335 polls reporting)
*Francis Hogan 2,814
*Paul Fromm 1,813
*Joyce Frustaglio 1,762

'''Metropolitan Toronto Separate (Catholic) School Board Trustee, December 6, 1976 municipal election'''
:''Area 11''
*Paul Fromm 2,515
*Ed Webster 1,903

'''Metropolitan Toronto Separate (Catholic) School Board Trustee, December 2, 1974 municipal election'''
:''Area 11''
*Ed Webster 1,502
*F. Paul Fromm 1,168
*Gerry McGilly 1,136


Fromm scuffled in an elevator with members of the [[Jewish Defense League]] while on his way to an April 19, 2007 [[Ontario College of Teachers]] hearing into his conduct. The protesters claimed that Fromm shoved them while Fromm asserts that the JDL members lunged at him. Police arrested two protesters charging them with assault, assault police and obstructing.<ref name=Mahoney/>
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Ron Gostick]]
*[[Ron Gostick]]
*[[Bernard Klatt]]
*[[Doug Christie (lawyer)|Doug Christie]]


==Notes==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.canadianfreespeech.com/ Canadian Association for Free Expression]
*[http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/f/fromm-paul/paul-fromm.html ARA article on Paul Fromm]
*[http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/f/fromm-paul/paul-fromm.html ARA article on Paul Fromm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611112048/http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/f/fromm-paul/paul-fromm.html |date=June 11, 2007 }}
*[http://onepeoplesproject.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=27 One People's Project on Paul Fromm]
*[http://onepeoplesproject.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=27 One People's Project on Paul Fromm]
*[https://wayback.archive-it.org/227/*/http://www.canadafirst.net/ Canada First Immigration Reform Committee – Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups] – Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries

{{Social Credit}}
{{White nationalism}}
{{Historical revisionism}}
{{Hate in Canada}}
{{Neo-Nazism}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Fromm, Paul}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fromm, Paul}}
[[Category:White nationalists]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alt-right politicians in Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian far-right figures]]
[[Category:Anti-Masonry]]
[[Category:Confederation of Regions candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:Canadian people of German descent]]
[[Category:People from Toronto]]
[[Category:Canadian activists]]
[[Category:Ontario politicians]]
[[Category:Canadian Holocaust deniers]]
[[Category:Canadian neo-Nazis]]
[[Category:Canadian neo-Nazis]]
[[Category:Colombian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:University of Toronto alumni]]
[[Category:Confederation of Regions Party of Canada candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Toronto]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bogotá]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Canadian social crediters]]
[[Category:People from Bogotá]]
[[Category:Council of Conservative Citizens]]
[[Category:Western Canadian separatists]]
[[Category:People from Etobicoke]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in Canada]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:Ontario candidates for Member of Parliament]]
[[Category:Alberta candidates for Member of Parliament]]
[[Category:Candidates in Ontario provincial elections]]

Latest revision as of 22:17, 1 December 2024

Paul Fromm
Fromm in 2009
Metropolitan Separate School Board Trustee
for Area 11 (Etobicoke)
In office
1976–1978
Preceded byEd Webster
Succeeded byFrancis Hogan
Personal details
Born
Frederick Paul Fromm

(1949-01-03) January 3, 1949 (age 75)
Bogotá, Colombia
NationalityCanadian
Political partySocial Credit (1971–72)
Western Guard (1972–73)
Progressive Conservative (1981–83)
Reform (1983–88)[citation needed]
Confederation of Regions (1988)
Western Block (2011–14)

Independent (1973–1981, 1988–2011, 2014–2018)
Canadians' Choice (2018–present)
Alma materUniversity of Toronto (MA)
OccupationHigh school teacher (1974–1997)

Frederick Paul Fromm (born January 3, 1949) is a Canadian former high school teacher, white supremacist, neo-Nazi, and perennial political candidate.

Fromm is the international director of the white supremacist organization Council of Conservative Citizens[1] and is the director of several far-right groups in Canada, most notably the Canadian Association for Free Expression, Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform and the Canada First Immigration Reform Committee.

He has hosted a radio show on the Stormfront web site and has ties to former Ku Klux Klan members David Duke, Don Black, and Mark Martin, a white supremacist rally organizer in Covington, Ohio. The National Post newspaper described him as "one of Canada's most notorious white supremacists".[2]

Since 2018, he has been based in Hamilton, Ontario,[3] but he previously lived in Mississauga, Ontario, outside of Toronto, since the 1970s.[4]

Family

[edit]

Fromm was born in Bogotá, Colombia to Canadian parents,[5] and grew up in Etobicoke in a devout Catholic family. His mother, Marguerite Michaud, was of French Canadian descent, while his father, Frederick William Fromm, was of German and Irish descent.[6] His father enlisted in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II. After the war, he qualified as a chartered accountant and worked in Colombia for an oil company. After Fromm was born, the family returned to Ontario where his father found work as an accountant with the provincial Department of Highways.[7]

Teaching career

[edit]

Fromm began teaching at Applewood Heights Secondary School in 1973. During a public meeting on race relations in 1991, he said "scalp them", while activist Rodney Bobiwash of the Native Canadian Centre was speaking. The Canadian Jewish Congress and community and race relations committee chair Art Eggleton called for review of his employment; the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto called for his dismissal. Fromm said his remark was misinterpreted, and claimed to leave his politics out of the classroom.[8][9]

Fromm's 1990 speech to the Western Guard was shown to the Peel District School Board in 1992, prompting the board to ask the province to review Fromm's contract, warn Fromm to end his involvement with racist organizations, and urge the Ontario Teachers' Federation to establish guidelines of teachers. The OTF replied that such guidelines existed in the Teaching Profession Act, and contesting that it was up to the board to pursue.[10] The board asked the Ontario Ministry of Education to review his teaching certificate.[11]

In June 1993, it was announced that Fromm would be reassigned to teaching adult education, "the best option legally available to the board." The school board chair suggested adults would be more likely to act on inappropriate behaviour, than high school students.[12]

White supremacist activities

[edit]

Fromm was an admirer of Fidel Castro in the early 1960s, but changed his views after coming across the writings of Barry Goldwater.[5]

In 1967, as a student at the University of Toronto's St. Michael's College, Fromm co-founded the Edmund Burke Society (EBS), with Don Andrews and Leigh Smith, as well as its student wing "Campus Alternative".[13] The Edmund Burke Society was a right-wing anti-communist group that agitated against prominent left-wing movements. The group would often disrupt left-wing rallies and events, sometimes violently. The group's main focus was opposition to the New Left and other left-wing tendencies that the Society associated with communism. In 1970, the group disrupted a speech by left-wing radical lawyer, William Kunstler, with Fromm climbing on stage and pouring a glass of water on Kunstler's lecture notes, resulting in the Chicago Seven's lawyer drenching Fromm with a pitcher of water. A melee between EBS members and Kunstler's supporters ensued, and Fromm was knocked to the floor unconscious.[14]

With the support of members of the Edmund Burke Society, Fromm was elected president of the Ontario Social Credit Party in 1971, and was able to have other EBS members elected to the party's executive. Three Social Credit candidates in the 1971 Ontario election were avowed "Burkers".[5]

As the New Left movement waned, Edmund Burke Society members turned their attention to issues of race and immigration and became increasingly attracted to white supremacist ideas. In February 1972, the group renamed itself the Western Guard.[14] In 1972, after having lost the Social Credit Party presidency to James McGillvray, Fromm led a successful attempt by the Western Guard to take over the Ontario wing of the Social Credit Party of Canada. The national executive of the national Social Credit Party declared membership in the Western Guard "incompatible" with membership in the party, which led national Social Credit leader Réal Caouette to place the Ontario organization under trusteeship in order to counter Fromm's activities.[15][16][17]

In May 1972, Fromm was the opening speaker at a Western Guard banquet honouring Robert E. Miles, a former Ku Klux Klan leader who became a leading ideologue in the Christian Identity movement.[13] Fromm, Overfield and several others resigned from the Western Guard in May 1972, immediately after the Toronto Sun published an article on the group, which included information about the banquet. Fromm's departure left the leadership of the Western Guard in the hands of Don Andrews.[13] Fromm claimed in a 1973 letter to the Toronto Star that he left the Western Guard "because of a growing radicalization of its politics and the irresponsibility of some of its activities".[18] Later, he denied ever having been a member of the Guard, saying he "never had any connection" with the organization. When confronted with his 1973 letter, he dismissed it as "a matter of semantics".[19]

On August 4, 2008, Fox News interviewed Fromm in relation to the prosecution of right-wing Canadian author Mark Steyn. The Southern Poverty Law Center criticised Fox for identifying Fromm only as a "Free Speech Activist".[20]

In 2010, Fromm organized small protests across the country against the admission of a group of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees arriving on the MV Sun Sea. In August he led a small protest in Calgary with members of the Aryan Guard outside of Immigration Minister Jason Kenney's constituency office which "so terrified the receptionist that she locked the door and would not accept Mr. Fromm's delivery of a letter until police arrived".[21] He also organized a small protest with Doug Christie in Esquimalt, British Columbia, where the boat was docked and also led small pickets later in the month in Ottawa and Hamilton.[21]

Mainstream and electoral politics

[edit]

Fromm graduated from university with a master's degree in English and an education degree. He worked as a school teacher with the Peel Region Board of Education from 1974 until his dismissal in 1997. He temporarily tried to distance himself from groups that were visibly linked to explicitly racist and neo-Nazi beliefs. He founded Countdown, which led to the creation of three organizations that attempted to make far-right views palatable to the mainstream. Fromm was elected as a Catholic school trustee in 1976, after an unsuccessful attempt in 1974, and served on the Metro Toronto Separate School Board until he was defeated in his bid for re-election two years later.[6] His father, Fred, was also defeated in his 1978 bid for a seat on the board.

In 1976, Fromm founded the Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform (C-FAR), which opposes foreign aid to Third World nations. The organization also deals with other issues, including crime and punishment, multiculturalism and immigration. It sponsors lectures by far-right individuals, and publishes pamphlets and books, mostly about race and immigration.[22] In 1981, Fromm founded Canadian Association for Free Expression (CAFE), in opposition to the Canadian Human Rights Commission. CAFE has been active defending the rights of accused antisemites, racists and Holocaust deniers against prosecution under hate crime and human rights legislation.[22] Another group he founded was Canada First Immigration Reform Committee, which advocates reduced immigration, and opposes immigration by non-whites. These three groups still exist today and are still led by Fromm. Their membership and mandates overlap, and they are essentially a single organization. Fromm's leadership of these groups has given him some access to the mainstream media, such as radio talk shows and newspapers.[22]

In the late 1970s, Fromm also founded Canadian Friends of Rhodesia to support the white minority rule regime of Ian Smith and his Rhodesian Front. In the mid to late 1980s, Fromm's organizations were involved in advocacy on behalf of South Africa's apartheid regime, and opposing the movement to impose economic sanctions on the country.[23]

Fromm attempted to enter mainstream political activity by joining the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. He was elected treasurer of PC Metro, a network of 31 Toronto PC riding associations on April 15, 1981.[24] He angered many people and embarrassed both the federal and Ontario Progressive Conservatives when a profile in The Globe and Mail quoted him as saying that breeding a "supreme race" for intelligence was a good idea, and as calling for Vietnamese refugees to be sent to "desert islands" off the Philippines and Indonesia rather than be accepted into Canada where they would "upset the racial balance".[6][25] His comments resulted in Progressive Conservative premier Bill Davis being asked in the legislature whether he is willing "to tolerate such neo-fascist, if not fascist, ideas within the Conservative Party".[24] Federal Progressive Conservative immigration critic Chris Speyer said Fromm's remarks were "entirely his and certainly don't represent the views of the party or the caucus".[24] Federal PC president Peter Blaikie asked Fromm to resign from the local executive, telling the press on April 30, 1981: "It's quite clear that that article, accurate or inaccurate, sets out a position which is clearly at variance with that of the party", and that the issue "has created some difficulty and embarrassment for the party".[26]

In 1983, Fromm was an active supporter of right-wing Member of Parliament John A. Gamble's unsuccessful bid to win the leadership of the federal Progressive Conservatives.[27] Fromm's work with Gamble continued beyond his unsuccessful leadership bid, and included work in the World Anti-Communist League.[23] In 1993, Gamble was rejected as a candidate for the Reform Party of Canada because of his long association with Fromm and other racist activists.[28][29]

In the late 1980s, Fromm was an active member of the Reform Party, but was essentially expelled in October 1988 when leader Preston Manning sent Fromm a letter asking him to "dissociate" himself from the party, following complaints by party members about the racist tenor of a speech Fromm made at a Reform Party gathering.[30] In the 1988 federal election, Fromm ran as a candidate for the Confederation of Regions Party in the riding of Mississauga East, and received 288 votes.[31]

In 1997, Fromm was a candidate for the public school board in Peel Region. He received 827 votes (10.39% of ballots cast), coming in last of four candidates.

Fromm was a candidate for mayor of Mississauga, Ontario in the October 25, 2010, municipal election, running on an anti-immigration platform.[32] Fromm reportedly made racist and homophobic comments during his campaign and displayed white supremacist and Holocaust denial literature at his campaign tables.[33] He claimed that train stations in the city looked "like flippin' Calcutta" and that the city had been "paved over with ticky tacky houses that are mostly filled with East Indians"[33] and is also quoted as saying "I wake up in the morning and I feel great. I'm high on hate".[33] On election day, Fromm came in ninth in a field of 17 with 917 votes which represented 0.65% of the total vote.[34] Fromm again ran for Mayor of Mississauga in 2014 receiving 775 votes (0.48%) and coming in 10th in a field of 15.[35]

In the 2011 federal election, Fromm stood in Calgary Southeast as the candidate of the far right Western Block Party against immigration minister Jason Kenney, on a platform advocating a freeze in immigration.[citation needed] Kenney was re-elected, winning over 76% of the vote, while Fromm received 193 votes, around 0.3%.

In 2016, Fromm attempted to join the Conservative Party of Canada in order to support the leadership campaign of Kellie Leitch due to her support for immigration reform and a "Canadian values" test for prospective immigrants. Leitch's campaign co-chair Sander Grieve wrote back to Fromm, saying: "We have not processed your membership and we will not be submitting it to the party, as we believe your public statements are not consistent with the principles of the party or the policies being advanced by our campaign."[36]

Fromm endorsed socially conservative candidate Tanya Granic Allen in the 2018 Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election.[37] Although she did not respond when originally asked for comment by the Toronto Star, Granic Allen later publicly stated on Twitter that she rejects his endorsement with the statement: "No place in our party for white supremacists."[38]

Fromm was a candidate for the Canadians' Choice Party in Etobicoke Centre during the 2018 Ontario general election, receiving 631 votes (1.1%).[39]

Fromm moved to Hamilton, Ontario in 2018, after having lived in Mississauga for several decades, and registered as a candidate for Mayor of Hamilton in the October 2018 municipal election.[3][40] Fromm came in 7th in a field of 15 with 706 votes which represented 0.51% of the total vote.

In July 2019, Fromm posed for a photo with Maxime Bernier, party leader of the People's Party of Canada. He later endorsed Bernier on Twitter, writing that Bernier had "both the charisma and determination to put CANADA FIRST," and praising the former Conservative leadership contender's immigration policies as steps toward "regaining control" of Canada's border.[41]

He was a candidate in the 2023 Scarborough—Guildwood provincial by-election, where he received 66 votes (0.43%).[42]

[edit]
Fromm (middle person wearing glasses and no mask) marching with neo-Nazi Aryan Guard members in Calgary, Alberta on March 21, 2009

In the 1990s, Fromm spoke at several Heritage Front events, including a celebration of Adolf Hitler's birthday.[43] A video surfaced of him addressing the rally and referring to Canadian fascist John Ross Taylor as a "hero".[43] Taylor was one of two Canadian Nazis interned by the government during World War II. The video shows Fromm standing beside a Nazi flag during the Heritage Front's "Martyr's Day". The rally included shouts from the audience of "Sieg Heil!", "white power", "Hail The Order!" and "nigger, nigger, nigger, out out out".[13] Fromm, a high school English teacher at the time, was reprimanded by the school board after videos of him speaking at white supremacist rallies came to light in 1992.[44] He was transferred to an adult education centre by the board in 1993 pending the outcome of an investigation into his activities and then fired by the school board in 1997.[43][45]

In 2000, a published report alleged that developer Martin Weiche, a former leader of the Canadian Nazi Party, was one of Fromm's major financial backers.[46] Fromm organized rallies in support of Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel and has shared a stage with David Irving, another individual active in the same denialist movement.[22] B'nai B'rith legal counsel Anita Bromberg has said "Fromm is the one who has put himself out there most directly as supporting Zündel. He looks as though he's waiting in the wings."[22] In 2004, Fromm was associated with David Duke's efforts to unite white nationalists with the New Orleans Protocol. In the 2000s, he has tried to revive the display of the Canadian Red Ensign flag.

In January 2005, Fromm defended himself at a disciplinary hearing of the Ontario College of Teachers against charges including "failure to maintain professional standards; not complying with college regulations and bylaws; disgraceful, dishonourable, unprofessional and/or unbecoming conduct; and practising while in a conflict of interest."[43][47] Following three days of hearings, further deliberations were postponed. The hearing resumed in the spring of 2007[43] and on October 31, 2007, the college rendered its ruling stripping Fromm of his licence to teach in the province of Ontario.[45]

Fromm has acted as an advocate for far-right activists who have been called before the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal (CHRT). Among those Fromm has represented are Glenn Bahr, the co-founder and former leader of Western Canada for Us, and Terry Tremaine, a former University of Saskatchewan mathematics lecturer.[48] In 2006, he represented the Canadian Heritage Alliance at a CHRT hearing in Toronto, and supported John Beck of the group BC White Pride at a CHRT hearing in Penticton, British Columbia.[49] Fromm has been described as a mentor to younger "far-right extremists" such as Melissa Guille and Jason Ouwendyk[22] and as a "'senior player' in the neo-Nazi movement in Canada."[50] He identifies himself as an advocate for "white nationalists".[2]

Fromm has repeatedly spoken at events sponsored by Thomas Robb's Ku Klux Klan faction, the Knights Party. In 2007, he was a keynote speaker at the group's White Christian Revival gathering.[51][52][53]

On March 21, 2009, Fromm participated in a "White Pride" march organized by the Aryan Guard, a neo-Nazi gang in Calgary, Alberta.[54]

In March 2018, Fromm was being investigated by the hate crimes unit of the Hamilton police, after posting on his website The Great Replacement, the white supremacist manifesto of Australian Brenton Harrison Tarrant, the terrorist who killed 51 people and injured 50 more at Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand, in the Christchurch mosque shootings.[55][56] Fromm described the manifesto as "cogent" and said violence was "not the way to go, but our vile elites have made it all but inevitable."[57]

Opposition

[edit]

Fromm's "Alternative Forum" meetings have been the targets of demonstrations, and have been disrupted and occasionally shut down by protesters.[58][59]

On August 19, 2006, dozens of anti-fascist youths surrounded Fromm's Port Credit, Ontario townhouse, challenging Fromm to come outside. Although he reportedly remained inside, approximately half a dozen neo-Nazis were present outside his home. Over 50 police officers were on call to protect Fromm and his supporters. The area was plastered in flyers advertising Fromm's home address and far-right political affiliations. The protest ended without incident.[60]

On his way to an April 19, 2007 Ontario College of Teachers hearing into his conduct, Fromm was involved in a scuffle with Jewish Defense League (JDL) members in an elevator. Protesters claimed that Fromm shoved them, but Fromm asserts that the JDL members lunged at him. Police arrested two protesters, charging them with assault, assaulting police, and obstructing.[43]

In October 2007, the House of Commons of Canada unanimously passed a resolution banning Fromm and Alexan Kulbashian from the Parliament of Canada buildings after they attempted to hold a press conference in the parliamentary press theatre. The resolution read: "That this House order that Alexan Kulbashian and Paul Fromm be denied admittance to the precincts of the House of Commons during the present session to preserve the dignity and integrity of the House".[61][62][63]

In 2015, Fromm said in an interview posted on YouTube that he was denied entry into the United States by the Department of Homeland Security.[64]

Libel case

[edit]

Fromm and his Canadian Association for Free Expression were sued by Ottawa lawyer Richard Warman for libelling the anti-racist activist in various online posts. On November 23, 2007, Ontario Superior Court Justice Monique Métivier ruled in Warman's favour, ordering Fromm to pay Warman a total of $30,000 in damages and to post full retractions on all the websites on which he posted the defamatory comments within 10 days. Métivier found that Fromm posted statements about Warman "either knowing the fundamental falseness of the accusations he levelled at Mr. Warman, or being reckless as to the truth of these".[65] Métivier added that "The steady diet of diatribe and insults, couched in half-truths and omissions, all lead up to the finding of malice such that the defamatory statements are not protected by the defence of fair comment".[66]

On December 15, 2008, the Ontario Court of Appeal upheld the original $30,000 defamation judgment against Fromm and added a $10,000 penalty in legal costs. Fromm posted a financial appeal complaining, "We are $17,500 behind in our legal bills – to say nothing of the possible $40,000 debt, if this judgment stands".[66] Richard Warman responded to news of the appeal court's ruling by saying it "sends the message that those who try to use the cloak of free speech to poison other people's reputations through lies and defamation do so at their own peril".[66]

The Supreme Court of Canada rejected Fromm's application to appeal the judgement on April 23, 2009.[67]

Electoral record

[edit]
Ontario provincial by-election, 27 July 2023: Scarborough—Guildwood
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Andrea Hazell 5,640 36.55 -9.75
Progressive Conservative Gary Crawford 4,562 29.57 -1.95
New Democratic Thadsha Navaneethan 4,041 26.19 +9.53
Stop the New Sex-Ed Agenda Tony Walton 508 3.29
New Blue Danielle Height 151 0.98 -0.29
Green Tara McMahon 146 0.95 -1.88
No Affiliation Reginald Tull 139 0.90
Canadians' Choice Paul Fromm 66 0.43
Independent Kevin Clarke 57 0.37 -0.14
Independent Habiba Desai 52 0.34
Independent Abu Alam 48 0.31
Independent John Turmel 20 0.13
Total valid votes 15,430
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
Turnout 21.84 -19.79
Eligible voters 70,655
Liberal hold Swing -3.90
2022 Hamilton, Ontario, municipal election Results
Candidate Votes %
Andrea Horwath 59,216 41.68
Keanin Loomis 57,553 40.51
Bob Bratina 17,436 12.27
Ejaz Butt 1,907 1.34
Solomon Ikhuiwu 1,867 1.31
Jim Davis 1,433 1.01
Michael Pattison 1,422 1.00
Paul Fromm 898 0.63
Hermiz Ishaya 326 0.23
Turnout 143,375 35.38
Source: City of Hamilton, 2022, "2022 Official Election Results"
Candidates for the October 22, 2018 Hamilton, Ontario Mayoral Election
Candidate Popular vote Expenditures
Votes % ±%
Fred Eisenberger (Incumbent) 74,093 54.03% +14.1%
Vito Sgro 52,190 38.06% n/a
George Rusich 2,220 1.62% n/a
Jim Davis 2,071 1.51% n/a
Nathalie Xian Yi Yan 1,286 0.94% n/a
Michael Pattison 899 0.66% +0.04
Paul Fromm 706 0.51% n/a
Carlos Gomes 521 0.38% n/a
Todd May 500 0.36% n/a
Henry Geissler 494 0.36% n/a
Phil Ryerson 479 0.35% +0.13%
Ute Schmid-Jones 463 0.34% n/a
Edward Graydon 409 0.30% n/a
Mark Wozny 408 0.30% n/a
Ricky Tavares 398 0.29% -0.06%
Total votes 138,549 38.36% +4.3%
Registered voters 361,212 100% n/a
Note: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates.
Sources: City of Hamilton, "Nominated Candidates" Archived May 4, 2018, at the Wayback Machine


2018 Ontario general election: Etobicoke Centre
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Kinga Surma 24,432 43.00 +10.58
Liberal Yvan Baker 19,708 34.68 -14.02
New Democratic Erica Kelly 10,311 18.15 +6.63
Green Shawn Rizvi 1,329 2.34 -0.29
Canadians' Choice Paul Fromm 631 1.11
Libertarian Basil Mummery 252 0.44
Independent Wallace Richards 162 0.29
Total valid votes 56,825 99.00
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots 573 1.00
Turnout 57,398 61.91
Eligible voters 92,715
Progressive Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +12.30
Source: Elections Ontario[68]
Mayor of Mississauga, October 27, 2014 municipal election
Candidate [69] Vote %
Bonnie Crombie 102,346 63.49
Steve Mahoney 46,224 28.68
Dil Muhammad 2,429 1.51
Stephen King 1,874 1.16
Masood Khan 1,254 0.78
Donald Barber 1,225 0.76
Derek Ramkissoon 1,044 0.65
Scott E. W. Chapman 868 0.54
Riazuddin Choudhry 790 0.49
Paul Fromm 775 0.48
Kevin Jackal Johnston 741 0.46
Andrew Seitz 507 0.31
Joe Lomangino 415 0.26
Grant Isaac 392 0.24
Sheraz Siddiqui 315 0.20
2011 Canadian federal election: Calgary Southeast
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Jason Kenney 48,173 76.26 +2.43 $54,158
New Democratic Kirk Oates 6,482 10.26 +3.07 $5
Green Brett Spencer 4,079 6.46 -3.80 $5,584
Liberal Brian MacPhee 4,020 6.36 -2.36 $11,237
Independent Antoni Grochowski 225 0.36 *
Western Block Paul Fromm 193 0.31 * $5,393
Total valid votes/Expense limit 63,172 100.00 $104,090
Total rejected ballots 129 0.20
Turnout 63,301 60.32
Eligible voters 104,941
Mayor of Mississauga, October 25, 2010 municipal election
Candidate [70] Vote %
Hazel McCallion (X) 107,643 76.40
Dave Cook 10,744 7.63
George Winter 4,783 3.39
Ranjit Chahal 4,199 2.98
Ghani Ahsan 3,744 2.66
Ram Selvarajah 2,241 1.59
Peter Orphanos 2,140 1.52
Donald Barber 1,513 1.07
Paul Fromm 917 0.65
Martin Marinka 644 0.46
Bryan Robert Hallett 575 0.41
Shirley Vanden Berg 516 0.37
Ursula Keuper-Bennett 329 0.23
Andy Valenton 293 0.21
Antu Maprani Chakkunny 249 0.18
Andrew Seitz 233 0.17
Innocent Watat 139 0.10

Public School Trustee, Peel Board of Education, November 10, 1997 municipal election

Mississauga Wards 1 & 7
  • Janet McDougald 2,862 (32%)
  • Joan Parker 2,332 (29%)
  • Gail Green 1,938 (24%)
  • Paul Fromm 827 (10%)
1988 Canadian federal election: Mississauga East
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
  Liberal GUARNIERI, Albina 23,055
  Progressive Conservative PALLETT, Laurie 20,963
  New Democratic Party GROZDANOVSKI, Walter 5,677
Libertarian HARRINGTON, Sandra 345
Confederation of Regions FROMM, Paul 258
  Independent DI PALMA, Adel 189
Commonwealth of Canada VINING, Trevor I.D. 79

Metropolitan Toronto Separate (Catholic) School Board Trustee, November 13, 1978 municipal election

Metro Ward 11 (314 out of 335 polls reporting)
  • Francis Hogan 2,814
  • Paul Fromm 1,813
  • Joyce Frustaglio 1,762

Metropolitan Toronto Separate (Catholic) School Board Trustee, December 6, 1976 municipal election

Area 11
  • Paul Fromm 2,515
  • Ed Webster 1,903

Metropolitan Toronto Separate (Catholic) School Board Trustee, December 2, 1974 municipal election

Area 11
  • Ed Webster 1,502
  • F. Paul Fromm 1,168
  • Gerry McGilly 1,136

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ex-Ontario teacher is international director of American 'white nationalist' group that influenced Dylann Roof". National Post. June 23, 2015.
  2. ^ a b McIntyre, Mike. "Children seized over neo-Nazi allegations", National Post, June 10, 2008.
  3. ^ a b "Self-proclaimed white nationalist Paul Fromm running for mayor in Hamilton". Hamilton Spectator. July 24, 2018. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  4. ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2009) Holocaust Denial as an International Movement ABC-CLIO. p.204 ISBN 9780313345388
  5. ^ a b c "Burke Society says violence 'manly' way to fight Communists", Toronto Star, October 19, 1971
  6. ^ a b c McLaren, Christie. "Edmund Burke society founder Tory official backs idea of supreme race", The Globe and Mail, April 28, 1981.
  7. ^ Staff (June 3, 2009) "Obituary: Frederick William Fromm" Toronto Star
  8. ^ Small, Peter (September 26, 1991). "Board urged to review teacher over remark". Toronto Star. p. A6. ProQuest 436471391.
  9. ^ Hall, Joseph (September 27, 1991). "Teacher's 'Scalp them' remark faces board probe Peel chairperson seeking first-hand account of incident". Toronto Star. p. A6. ProQuest 436470861.
  10. ^ Donovan Vincent (August 6, 1992). "Teacher's group rejects request for guidelines". Toronto Star. Toronto ON. p. MA2. ProQuest 436699127.
  11. ^ "Board asks review of teacher conduct". Kitchener-Waterloo Record. Kitchener, ON. Canadian Press. May 1, 1992. p. A13. ProQuest 275379189.
  12. ^ Downey, Don (June 11, 1993). "White supremacist teacher moved out of high school class". The Globe and Mail. p. A14. ProQuest 385316781.
  13. ^ a b c d Farber, Bernie and Prutschi, Manuel. "Paul Fromm" in From Marches to Modems: A Report on Organized Hate in Metro Toronto, Canadian Jewish Congress, 1997, pp. 16-26.
  14. ^ a b Johnson, Arthur. "Portrait of a racist", The Globe and Mail, October 1, 1979.
  15. ^ "Ontario Socreds may have violated bylaws", The Globe and Mail, April 5, 1972
  16. ^ Security Intelligence Review Committee, The Heritage Front Affair: Report to the Solicitor General of Canada, section 7.1, December 9, 1994.
  17. ^ The League for Human Rights of B'nai Brith Canada, The Heritage Front: Into the mainstream Archived September 18, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, 1994
  18. ^ "Edmund Burke Society doesn't exist", Paul Fromm (Letter to the Editor), Toronto Star, February 20, 1973
  19. ^ "Right-wing or Racist", by Lindsay Scotton, Toronto Star, October 8, 1983
  20. ^ Fox News Channel's 'Free Speech Activist' is Infamous Racist Activist Archived 2008-08-13 at the Wayback Machine, 7 August 2008
  21. ^ a b "'White supremacist' puts a genteel face on racism" Archived 2010-08-18 at the Wayback Machine, National Post, August 15, 2010
  22. ^ a b c d e f Shulgan, Christopher. "Will he be the next Zundel? With Canada's best-known supremacist deported, former teacher Paul Fromm is working to revive the far-right movement", The Globe and Mail, March 5, 2005.
  23. ^ a b Caplan, Gerald. "In order to maintain its continuing control in South Africa, the Botha government believes it is essential to maintain current economic and diplomatic support from abroad", Toronto Star, May 18, 1988.
  24. ^ a b c "Federal PCs deny link to remarks by party official on immigration", The Globe and Mail, April 29, 1981.
  25. ^ Shallit, Jeffrey, The Shallit Report: Lies of Our Times Archived September 8, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ McLaren, Christie. "Globe quoted racist views Fromm resigns Metro PC post at request of national office", The Globe and Mail, May 1, 1981.
  27. ^ Martin, Lawrence. "Hard-liner Gamble enters Tory race", The Globe and Mail, March 7, 1983.
  28. ^ Desmond, Bill, "Local Reform party stands by candidate", Toronto Star, April 14, 1993
  29. ^ Small, Peter. "Reform party rejects former MP as candidate, Toronto Star, April 4, 1993.
  30. ^ Security Intelligence Review Committee, The Heritage Front Affair Report to the Solicitor General of Canada, Section 7.7 Archived July 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, December 9, 1994
  31. ^ Parliament of Canada website, History of Federal Ridings since 1867: MISSISSAUGA EAST (1988/11/21)
  32. ^ "Former teacher running for mayor", Mississauga News, September 9, 2010
  33. ^ a b c ""Ottawa withdraws from clash of interests over hate speech law", National Post, October 23, 2010". Archived from the original on January 27, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
  34. ^ "Vote 2010 - Election Results - Mayor & Citywide". Archived from the original on October 29, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  35. ^ "City of Mississauga Municipal Elections - Index" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  36. ^ "Inside Nick Kouvalis's fake news strategy". January 11, 2017.
  37. ^ Gallant, Jacques (February 24, 2018). "White nationalist endorses Tanya Granic Allen's Tory leadership campaign". Toronto Star. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
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  39. ^ "Etobicoke Centre". Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
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  41. ^ Lum, Zi-Ann (31 July 2019) "Maxime Bernier 'Had No Idea' He Posed With White Supremacist Paul Fromm: Party" HuffPost
  42. ^ "Election Results".
  43. ^ a b c d e f Mahoney, Jill (April 20, 2007). "Activists confront controversial educator". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  44. ^ Rashowy, Kristin, "College revokes extremist's licence to teach in Ontario", Toronto Star, November 10, 2007
  45. ^ a b Bell, Stewart, "Teacher censured for racist actions," National Post, November 10, 2007
  46. ^ DiMatteo, Enzo. "The two faces of Paul Fromm" Archived 2006-06-16 at the Wayback Machine, Now, December 14–20, 2000.
  47. ^ Ferenc, Leslie. "On trial for political views, ex-teacher says; Fired for alleged links to white supremacists Now faces charges from profession's governing body", Toronto Star, January 26, 2005.
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  49. ^ "B.C. Human Rights Tribunal hears arguments over `White Pride' website", Canadian Press, April 12, 2006
  50. ^ Clarkson, Brett, "Teacher finally tossed: racist loses credentials", Toronto Sun, November 10, 2007
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  52. ^ "Duke, Pendergraft & Fromm Speak", Duke, Pendergraft & Fromm Speak: USA, Knights Party KKK.
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  54. ^ Anti-Racist Canada, "[1]"
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  62. ^ MPs unite to ban 2 speakers from Parliament Buildings, CBC News, October 18, 2007
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  64. ^ Southern Poverty Law Center
  65. ^ Don Butler, "Anti-racism activist wins libel judgment Archived 2007-11-29 at the Wayback Machine", Ottawa Citizen, November 24, 2007
  66. ^ a b c Kirk Makin, "Court upholds $40,000 Web defamation award", The Globe and Mail, December 16, 2008
  67. ^ Top court won't hear cases on breast implants, marijuana church Justices reject 31 applications for leave to appeal, CBC News, April 23, 2009
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[edit]