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{{short description|French general (1753–1837)}}
⚫
'''Guillaume Mathieu, comte Dumas''' ([[23 November]] [[1753]] - [[16 October]] [[1837]]), [[France | French]] general, born at [[Montpellier]], of a [[noble]] family, joined the French army in [[1773]] and entered upon active service in [[1780]], as ''aide-de-camp'' to [[Rochambeau]] in the [[American Revolutionary War]]. He had a share in all the principal engagements that occurred during a period of nearly two years. On the conclusion of peace in [[1783]] he returned to France as a major.
{{One source|date=February 2012}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Count]]
| name = Mathieu Dumas
| image = Louise Adélaïde Desnos, née Robin (1807-1870) - Le général Comte Dumas (1753-1837).jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Louise Adélaïde Desnos]], 1842
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1753|11|23|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1837|10|16|1753|11|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Montpellier, France|Montpellier]], [[France]]
| death_place = [[Paris]], France
| allegiance = [[File:Royal Standard of the King of France.svg|border|22px]] [[Kingdom of France]],<br>[[File:Flag of France (1790–1794).svg|border|22px]] [[Kingdom of France (1791–1792)]],<br>{{flag|French First Republic}},<br>{{flag|First French Empire}},<br>[[File:Flag of the Kingdom of France (1814-1830).svg|22px|border]] [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]],<br>{{flag|July Monarchy}}
| serviceyears = 1780–1815
| rank = [[General of Division]]
| battles = [[American Revolutionary War]]<br>[[French Revolutionary Wars]]<br>[[Napoleonic Wars]]
| awards = [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe|Name inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe]],
| laterwork = [[Peerage of France|Peer of France]],<br>Member of the council of state,<br>Author of military memoirs
}}


'''Mathieu, comte Dumas''' ({{IPA|fr|matjø kɔ̃t dymɑ}}; 23 November 1753 – 16 October 1837) was a [[French people|French]] general.
⚫
During 1784 to 1786 Dumas explored the archipelago and the coasts of [[Turkey]]. He was present at the siege of [[Amsterdam]] in [[1787]], where he co-operated with the [[Netherlands | Dutch]] against the [[Prussia]]ns.


==Biography==
⚫
After the outbreak of the [[French Revolution]] (1789) he acted with [[Lafayette]] and the constitutional liberal party. The [[National Constituent Assembly]] entrusted him with the command of the escort which conducted King [[Louis XVI of France | Louis XVI]] to [[Paris]] after the [[Flight to Varennes]] (June 1791). In [[1791]] as a ''maréchal de camp'' he was appointed to a command at [[Metz]], where he rendered important service in improving the discipline of the troops.
⚫
Born in [[Montpellier, France|Montpellier]], France, of a [[nobility|noble]] family, he joined the French army in 1773 and entered upon active service in 1780, as ''aide-de-camp'' to [[Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau|Rochambeau]] in the [[American Revolutionary War]]. He had a share in all the principal engagements that occurred during a period of nearly two years. On the conclusion of peace in 1783 he returned to France as a major.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=Dumas, Guillaume Mathieu, Count|volume=8|page=657 |inline=1}}</ref>


⚫
During 1784 to 1786 Dumas explored the archipelago and the coasts of [[Turkey]]. He was present at the siege of [[Amsterdam]] in 1787, where he co-operated with the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] against the [[Prussia]]ns.<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
Chosen a member of the [[Legislative Assembly]] in the same year by the ''[[département]]'' of [[Seine-et-Oise]], he was in 1792 elected president of the Assembly. When the extreme republicans gained the ascendancy, however, he judged it prudent to make his escape to [[England]]. Returning after a brief interval, under the apprehension that his father-in-law would be held responsible for his absence, he arrived in Paris in the midst of the [[Reign of Terror]], and had to flee to [[Switzerland]].


⚫
After the outbreak of the [[French Revolution]] (1789) he acted with [[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette|Lafayette]] and the constitutional liberal party. The [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] entrusted him with the command of the escort which conducted King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] to [[Paris]] after the [[Flight to Varennes]] (June 1791). In 1791 as a [[maréchal de camp]] he was appointed to a command at [[Metz]], where he rendered important service in improving the discipline of the troops.<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
Soon after his return to France he was elected a member of the [[Council of Ancients]] in the period of the [[French Directory | Directory]]. After the coup of the 18th Fructidor ([[4 September]] [[1797]]) Dumas, being proscribed as a [[monarchist]], made his escape to [[Holstein]], where he wrote the first part of his ''Précis des événements militaires'' (published anonymously at Hamburg, 1800).


⚫
Chosen a member of the [[Legislative Assembly (France)|Legislative Assembly]] in the same year by the ''[[département]]'' of [[Seine-et-Oise]], he was in 1792 elected president of the Assembly. When the extreme republicans gained the ascendancy, however, he judged it prudent to make his escape to [[England]]. Returning after a brief interval, under the apprehension that his father-in-law would be held responsible for his absence, he arrived in Paris in the midst of the [[Reign of Terror]], and had to flee to [[Switzerland]].<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
Recalled to his native country when [[Napoleon I of France | Bonaparte]] became [[First Consul]] (1799), Dumas took over the organisation of the "Army of Reserve" at [[Dijon]]. In 1805 he was nominated a councillor of state. He did good service at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] ([[2 December]] [[1805]]), and went in 1806 to [[Naples]], where he became minister of war to [[Joseph Bonaparte]].


⚫
Soon after his return to France he was elected a member of the [[Council of Ancients]] in the period of the [[French Directory|Directory]]. After the coup of the 18th Fructidor (4 September 1797) Dumas, being proscribed as a [[monarchist]], made his escape to [[Holstein]], where he wrote the first part of his ''Précis des événements militaires'' (published anonymously at Hamburg, 1800).<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
On the transfer of Joseph to the throne of Spain (1808), Dumas rejoined the French army, with which he served in [[Spain]] during the campaign of [[1808]], and in [[Germany]] during that of [[1809]]. After the [[Battle of Wagram]] (5 - [[6 July]] [[1809]]), Dumas participated in negotiating the armistice with [[Austria]].


⚫
Recalled to his native country when [[Napoleon I of France|Bonaparte]] became [[First Consul]] (1799), Dumas took over the organisation of the "Army of Reserve" at [[Dijon]]. In 1805 he was nominated a councillor of state. He did good service at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] (2 December 1805), and went in 1806 to [[Naples]], where he became minister of war to [[Joseph Bonaparte]].<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
In 1810 he became grand officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] and a count of the [[First French Empire | Empire]]. In the [[Russia]]n campaign of [[1812]] he held the post of intendant-general of the army, which involved the charge of the administrative department. The privations he suffered in the retreat from [[Moscow]] brought on a dangerous illness. Resuming, on his recovery, his duties as intendant-general, he took part in the battles of 1813, and was made prisoner after the capitulation of [[Dresden]].


⚫
On the transfer of Joseph to the throne of Spain (1808), Dumas rejoined the French army, with which he served in [[Spain]] during the campaign of 1808, and in [[Germany]] during that of 1809. After the [[Battle of Wagram]] (5–6 July 1809), Dumas participated in negotiating the armistice with [[Austria]].<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
On the accession of [[Louis XVIII of France | Louis XVIII]] (1814), Dumas rendered his new sovereign important services in connection with the administration of the army. When [[Napoleon I of France | Napoleon Bonaparte]] returned from [[Elba]] in the [[Hundred Days]] (1815), Dumas at first kept himself in retirement, but Joseph Bonaparte persuaded him to present himself to the Emperor, who employed him in organising the [[National Guard (France)]].


⚫
In 1810 he became grand officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] and a count of the [[First French Empire|Empire]]. In the [[Russia]]n campaign of 1812 he held the post of intendant-general of the army, which involved the charge of the administrative department. The privations he suffered in the retreat from [[Moscow]] brought on a dangerous illness. Resuming, on his recovery, his duties as intendant-general, he took part in the battles of 1813, and was made prisoner after the capitulation of [[Dresden]].<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
Obliged to retire after the restoration of Louis XVIII (1815), Dumas devoted his leisure to the continuation of his ''Précis des événements militaires'', of which nineteen volumes, embracing the history of the war from 1798 to the peace of 1807, appeared between 1817 and 1826. A growing weakness of sight, ending in blindness, prevented him from carrying the work further, but he translated [[William Francis Patrick Napier | Napier]]'s ''Peninsular War'' as a sort of continuation to it.


⚫
On the accession of [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] (1814), Dumas rendered his new sovereign important services in connection with the administration of the army. When [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] returned from [[Elba]] in the [[Hundred Days]] (1815), Dumas at first kept himself in retirement, but Joseph Bonaparte persuaded him to present himself to the Emperor, who employed him in organising the [[National Guard (France)|National Guard]].<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
In 1818 Dumas returned to favour and became a member of the council of state, from which, however, he was excluded in 1822. After the [[July Revolution]] of 1830, in which he took an active part, Dumas was created a peer of France, and re-entered the council of state. He died at Paris on [[16 October]] [[1837]].


⚫
Obliged to retire after the restoration of Louis XVIII (1815), Dumas devoted his leisure to the continuation of his ''Précis des événements militaires'', of which nineteen volumes, embracing the history of the war from 1798 to the peace of 1807, appeared between 1817 and 1826. A growing weakness of sight, ending in blindness, prevented him from carrying the work further, but he translated [[William Francis Patrick Napier|Napier]]'s ''Peninsular War'' as a sort of continuation to it.<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
Besides the ''Précis des événements militaires'', which forms a valuable source for the history of the period, Dumas wrote ''Souvenirs du lieutenant-général Comte Mathieu Dumas'' (published posthumously by his son, Paris, 1839).


⚫
In 1818 Dumas returned to favour and became a member of the council of state, from which, however, he was excluded in 1822. After the [[July Revolution]] of 1830, in which he took an active part, Dumas was created a peer of France, and re-entered the council of state. He died in Paris on 16 October 1837.<ref name=EB1911/>
----
''Initial text from [[1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica]]. Please update as needed.''


⚫
Besides the ''Précis des événements militaires'', which forms a valuable source for the history of the period, Dumas wrote ''Souvenirs du lieutenant-général Comte Mathieu Dumas'' (published posthumously by his son, Paris, 1839).<ref name=EB1911/>
⚫
[[Category:1753 births|Dumas, Guillaume Mathieu, comte]]

⚫
[[Category:1837 deaths|Dumas, Guillaume Mathieu, comte]]
==Sources==
[[Category:French nobility|Dumas, Guillaume Mathieu, comte]]
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dumas, Guillaume Mathieu, Comte}}
[[Category:1753 births]]
⚫
[[Category:1837 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Montpellier]]
[[Category:Counts of the First French Empire]]
[[Category:French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
[[Category:French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:French military personnel of the American Revolutionary War]]
[[Category:French proslavery activists]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Peers of France]]
[[Category:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe]]

Latest revision as of 03:55, 11 December 2024

Count

Mathieu Dumas
Portrait by Louise Adélaïde Desnos, 1842
Born(1753-11-23)23 November 1753
Montpellier, France
Died16 October 1837(1837-10-16) (aged 83)
Paris, France
Allegiance Kingdom of France,
Kingdom of France (1791–1792),
 French First Republic,
 First French Empire,
Bourbon Restoration,
 July Monarchy
Years of service1780–1815
RankGeneral of Division
Battles / warsAmerican Revolutionary War
French Revolutionary Wars
Napoleonic Wars
AwardsName inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe,
Other workPeer of France,
Member of the council of state,
Author of military memoirs

Mathieu, comte Dumas (French pronunciation: [matjø kɔ̃t dymɑ]; 23 November 1753 – 16 October 1837) was a French general.

Biography

[edit]

Born in Montpellier, France, of a noble family, he joined the French army in 1773 and entered upon active service in 1780, as aide-de-camp to Rochambeau in the American Revolutionary War. He had a share in all the principal engagements that occurred during a period of nearly two years. On the conclusion of peace in 1783 he returned to France as a major.[1]

During 1784 to 1786 Dumas explored the archipelago and the coasts of Turkey. He was present at the siege of Amsterdam in 1787, where he co-operated with the Dutch against the Prussians.[1]

After the outbreak of the French Revolution (1789) he acted with Lafayette and the constitutional liberal party. The National Constituent Assembly entrusted him with the command of the escort which conducted King Louis XVI to Paris after the Flight to Varennes (June 1791). In 1791 as a maréchal de camp he was appointed to a command at Metz, where he rendered important service in improving the discipline of the troops.[1]

Chosen a member of the Legislative Assembly in the same year by the département of Seine-et-Oise, he was in 1792 elected president of the Assembly. When the extreme republicans gained the ascendancy, however, he judged it prudent to make his escape to England. Returning after a brief interval, under the apprehension that his father-in-law would be held responsible for his absence, he arrived in Paris in the midst of the Reign of Terror, and had to flee to Switzerland.[1]

Soon after his return to France he was elected a member of the Council of Ancients in the period of the Directory. After the coup of the 18th Fructidor (4 September 1797) Dumas, being proscribed as a monarchist, made his escape to Holstein, where he wrote the first part of his Précis des événements militaires (published anonymously at Hamburg, 1800).[1]

Recalled to his native country when Bonaparte became First Consul (1799), Dumas took over the organisation of the "Army of Reserve" at Dijon. In 1805 he was nominated a councillor of state. He did good service at the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805), and went in 1806 to Naples, where he became minister of war to Joseph Bonaparte.[1]

On the transfer of Joseph to the throne of Spain (1808), Dumas rejoined the French army, with which he served in Spain during the campaign of 1808, and in Germany during that of 1809. After the Battle of Wagram (5–6 July 1809), Dumas participated in negotiating the armistice with Austria.[1]

In 1810 he became grand officer of the Legion of Honour and a count of the Empire. In the Russian campaign of 1812 he held the post of intendant-general of the army, which involved the charge of the administrative department. The privations he suffered in the retreat from Moscow brought on a dangerous illness. Resuming, on his recovery, his duties as intendant-general, he took part in the battles of 1813, and was made prisoner after the capitulation of Dresden.[1]

On the accession of Louis XVIII (1814), Dumas rendered his new sovereign important services in connection with the administration of the army. When Napoleon Bonaparte returned from Elba in the Hundred Days (1815), Dumas at first kept himself in retirement, but Joseph Bonaparte persuaded him to present himself to the Emperor, who employed him in organising the National Guard.[1]

Obliged to retire after the restoration of Louis XVIII (1815), Dumas devoted his leisure to the continuation of his Précis des événements militaires, of which nineteen volumes, embracing the history of the war from 1798 to the peace of 1807, appeared between 1817 and 1826. A growing weakness of sight, ending in blindness, prevented him from carrying the work further, but he translated Napier's Peninsular War as a sort of continuation to it.[1]

In 1818 Dumas returned to favour and became a member of the council of state, from which, however, he was excluded in 1822. After the July Revolution of 1830, in which he took an active part, Dumas was created a peer of France, and re-entered the council of state. He died in Paris on 16 October 1837.[1]

Besides the Précis des événements militaires, which forms a valuable source for the history of the period, Dumas wrote Souvenirs du lieutenant-général Comte Mathieu Dumas (published posthumously by his son, Paris, 1839).[1]

Sources

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dumas, Guillaume Mathieu, Count". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 657.
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