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{{Short description|Chinese boy band}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=May 2018}}
{{Peacock|date=May 2018}}}}
{{Infobox musical artist
{{Infobox musical artist
|Name = The Flowers
| name = The Flowers
|Img =
| image = The Flowers Band.jpg
| caption = From left to right: Yang, Xingyu, Zhang Wei, and Wenbo
|Img_capt =
|Background = group_or_band
| native_name = 花儿乐队
|Alias = 花儿乐队
| background = group_or_band
|Origin = [[Beijing]], [[China]]
| origin = [[Beijing]], China
|Genre = [[Mandopop]]
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Mandopop]]
|Years_active = 1998–present
* [[pop punk]]
|Label = [[EMI]]
|Current_members = Da Zhangwei<br />Shi Xingning<br />Guo Yang<br />Wang Wenbo
}}
}}
| years_active = 1998–2009
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[EMI|EMI Music China]]
* [[Gold Typhoon|SH Push Typhoon]]
* New Bees Music
}}
| past_members = * [[Wowkie Zhang|Da Zhang Wei]]
* Guo Yang
* Wang Wenbo
* Shi Xingyu
}}

'''The Flowers''' ({{zh|s=花儿乐队|t=花兒樂隊|p=Huār Yuèduì}}) was a Chinese [[Rock music|rock]] band formed in [[Beijing]] in 1998. The line-up originally consisted of [[Wowkie Zhang|Da Zhang Wei]] ({{Zh|s=张伟|p=Zhāng Wěi}}) who was the lead vocalist and guitarist, Guo Yang ({{Zh|s=郭阳|p=Guō Yáng}}) who was the bass guitarist, and Wang Wenbo ({{Zh|s=王文博|p=Wáng Wénbó}}) who was the drummer and percussionist. In 2001, the Flowers brought in Shi Xingyu ({{Zh|s=石醒宇|p=Shí Xǐngyǔ}}) who was also a guitarist. The Flowers recorded and released six studio albums.

After a personal dispute with Zhang Wei, Shi Xingyu left in the summer of 2008. The group held a talent contest looking for a new member before disbanding in June 2009.

==History==
Three of the band's members, Zhang Wei, Guo Yang, and Wang Wenbo, met while attending high school. They first performed in local bars and clubs around Beijing, playing music in the style of [[pop punk]] reminiscent of [[Green Day]] and [[Blink-182]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flowers – In Bloom? |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/NM-e/102568.htm |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=www.china.org.cn}}</ref> In 1998, the trio signed to a small Beijing-based Chinese independent label, New Bees Music.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-05-24 |title=Chinese aim to build a great wall of sound |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/may/24/china.theeditorpressreview |access-date=2024-11-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A year later, the band released their debut studio album, ''On the Other Side of Happiness''. The album has three songs, "Stillness", "Disillusion", and "School's Out."<ref name="gbtimes">{{Cite web|last=Petra|first=Niemi|date=7 March 2008|title=The Flowers - From punk pop to hip hop|url=https://gbtimes.com/life/flowers-punk-pop-hip-hop|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008140146/https://gbtimes.com/life/flowers-punk-pop-hip-hop|archive-date=8 October 2016|access-date=2020-06-10|website=gbtimes.com}}</ref>

The Flowers became involved in a two-year-long lawsuit with their first company, New Bees Music. The dispute was eventually settled out of court. They were signed to [[EMI]] in 2001, and the fourth member was added, guitarist Shi Xingyu.

''Strawberry Statement'', the Flowers' second album, was released in December 2001. The Flowers recorded and released their third studio album, ''I Am Your Romeo,'' in July 2004. The album has a [[Hip hop music|hip hop]]- and [[techno]]-experimentation music style.

In 2005, the band released the single "Xi Shua Shua". The song was included on the band's fourth studio album, ''Hua Ji Wang Chao'', or ''Blooming Dynasty'', released in July 2005. The album sold 200,000 copies within forty days of its release. Later that same year, The Flowers made an appearance at [[China Central Television]]'s [[Lantern Festival]] gala show. The group was nominated by organizers of the Pepsi Music Chart Awards in China for Best Arrangement, Best Lyrics, Best Composer, and Best Rock 'n' Roll Band.<ref name="gbtimes" /> The nominations were later revoked due to accusations of plagiarism.

''Hua Tian Xi Shi'', the Flowers' fifth album, was released in October 2006. In 2007, the Flowers began work on their sixth studio album. ''Hua Ling Sheng Hui'', or ''Flower Age Pageant,'' was released on October 15, 2007, with "Qiong Kaixin" (or "Shiny Happiness") as its lead single. In an interview, Zhang Wei states that his motive was to incorporate traditional Chinese performances and cultures. The same year, the Flowers received the award for Best Mainland Band at the China Music Awards.<ref name="gbtimes" /> The Flowers were asked to write and perform a [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] version of the theme song of the hit [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] film ''[[High School Musical 2]],'' which the group agreed to.<ref>Yuan Yuan. {{cite web|url=http://www.bjreview.com.cn/culture/txt/2008-08/19/content_144454.htm |title=Blooming Pop |work=Beijing Review|date=19 August 2008|accessdate=4 November 2010}}</ref>

===Breakup===
In July 2008, it was announced by the Flowers' record label that the band's guitarist, Shi Xingyu, had quit the band after seven years with the group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/02/content_10925268.htm |title=Huaer holds competition for new band member_English_Xinhua |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=2009-03-02 |accessdate=2012-04-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024023357/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/02/content_10925268.htm |archivedate=2012-10-24 }}</ref> Following Xingyu's departure, the band held a talent competition in Beijing, with fifty contestants competing to be the new members of the Flowers. The winner would have been able to participate in its upcoming tenth anniversary concert tour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Flowers holds competition for new band member -- china.org.cn |url=http://www.china.org.cn/culture/2009-03/02/content_17360618.htm |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.china.org.cn}}</ref> However, on June 21, 2009, the Flowers decided to disband.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Huaer band splits for solo careers -- china.org.cn |url=http://www.china.org.cn/culture/2009-06/23/content_17996961.htm |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.china.org.cn}}</ref> After the band's breakup, Zhang Wei embarked on a solo career, releasing his debut solo album in August 2009.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

== Controversy ==

===Plagiarism accusations and scandal===
The group was accused of [[Music plagiarism|plagiarism]] when it was discovered that they had copied at least twelve of their songs from various foreign artists, including the song "Xi Shua Shua", with its similarities to the Japanese pop duo [[Puffy AmiYumi]]'s song "K2G"; "Emperor's Favorite", which resembles "Fuori dal Tunnel" by [[Caparezza]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rebelmag.it/2021/09/28/una-band-cinese-ha-plagiato-fuori-dal-tunnel-di-caparezza|title = Una band cinese ha plagiato Fuori dal Tunnel di Caparezza|date = 28 September 2021}}</ref> as well as "Hua Die Fei", which purportedly sampled [[O-Zone]]'s "[[Dragostea din tei]]".<ref>http://www.whosampled.com/sample/79547/The-Flowers-Hua-Die-Fei-O-Zone-Dragostea-Din-Tei {{dead link|date=September 2020}}</ref> Zhang Wei and representatives of EMI admitted in an official statement that while the songs were not plagiarized, there were some flaws in the songs. None of the artists have responded to the issue. The Flowers chose to drop out of all music award competitions for the rest of 2006. Zhang Wei claimed that he and his bandmates, 'having listened to up to 100 songs per day', have so many tunes stored in their heads that they "have no time to identify, revise and remove" ones that are not theirs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/NM-e/161908.htm|title=Bloom off the Flower over Plagiarism|website=China.org.cn|accessdate=15 September 2020}}</ref> In 2015, Belgian and Dutch media again reported a case of plagiarism regarding the song "Tong Hua Sheng Si Lian", which closely resembles the song "Heyah Mama" by Belgian girl band [[K3 (band)|K3]].<ref>http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/33182/K3-stopt-ermee/article/detail/2416884/2015/08/09/Heyah-Mama-van-K3-als-dit-geen-plagiaat-is.dhtml {{dead link|date=September 2020}}</ref><ref>http://www.whosampled.com/sample/80534/The-Flowers-Tong-Hua-Sheng-Si-Lian-K3-Heyah-Mama {{dead link|date=September 2020}}</ref>

===Fighting incident===
In 2007, the band was observed dining at a restaurant in [[Beijing]] near [[Chaoyang Park]]. The group was seen conversing, but the situation escalated into an argument. According to reports, the incident intensified when Zhang Wei struck another band member, later identified as Xingyu, and pushed a man who attempted to intervene. A nearby restaurant patron captured the entire scene on his cell phone. The band's label acknowledged the dispute, explaining that it stemmed from differing opinions among the band members about their upcoming album. Zhang Yi, a senior official from the record company, clarified that the argument began when Zhang Wei and another band member disagreed on the album's sound. Zhang further explained that the band felt under significant pressure during the recording, especially after being involved in a plagiarism controversy. While some speculated that the altercation might have been a publicity stunt to boost album sales, Zhang Yi stated that the band was too busy to engage in such tactics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video Shows 'The Flowers' Fighting -- china.org.cn |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/entertainment/214085.htm |accessdate=15 September 2020 |website=China.org.cn}}</ref>

== Band members ==


=== Da Zhang Wei ===
'''The Flowers''', also known as Hua Er Yue Dui ([[Simplified Chinese]]: 花儿乐队), is a popular [[boy band]] based in [[Mainland China]]. The band consists of four people: [[lead vocalist]] Da Zhangwei (大张伟), [[guitarist]] Shi Xingning (石醒宁), [[bassist]] Guo Yang (郭阳), and [[drummer]] Wang Wenbo (王文博). The group debuted in 1998 and have released five albums, the most recent one released September 29, 2007. During their early career, the Flowers were a [[pop punk]] band where local bands were breaking out in Beijing's underground music scene. The Flowers, unable as they were to hide their hunger for commercial success, were somewhat aloof from this scene, and often derided in some quarters for their attitudes. No matter, as the accessible nature of songs like "Stillness", "Disillusion" and "School's Out" made the band perfect for the music market they wished to conquer. They were credited somewhat for helping to give disaffected Chinese youth a resonant voice, as many teenagers were deeply affected by their songs and felt that Flowers' lyrics reflected their own life experiences. As a result, punk music in general became more widely known, no doubt much to the consternation of the Yunnan contingent.
{{main article|Wowkie Zhang}}
Da Zhang Wei was born as Zhang Wei on 31 August 1983, in [[Beijing]]. His inspirations were [[Green Day]], [[Ramones]], and [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]].


=== Shi Xingyu ===
In light of the band's commercial impact, some overenthusiastic commentators even declared that they were the true bringers of punk to Chinese. They pointed out that fans had previously found even the acoustic grunge of Nirvana's "Unplugged in New York" difficult to comprehend.
Shi Xingyu, nicknamed Xiao Yu ({{Zh|s=小宇|p=Xiǎo Yǔ}}), was born on 11 January 1983. Xingyu was the last member to join the band in 2001. His favorite bands include [[Blink-182]] and [[Smash Mouth]].


=== Guo Yang ===
Although their music wasn't very hard edged, Flowers were at least punk enough to get involved in a two year long lawsuit with their first company, New Bees Music. The dispute almost brought the band to a premature end, but was eventually settled out of court. Flowers marked the end of their purgatory by signing to EMI and bringing in a fourth member, a guitar player by the name of Shi Xingning. Fortunately this change wasn't just a superficial face-lift, as the band had by this point become sick of the simple but effective music which had made them so popular. Like many other musicians, they were looking to diversify.
Guo Yang was born on 29 May 1978, in Beijing. Yang's inspirations were Green Day and Nirvana.


=== Wang Wenbo ===
This diversification can be heard on their album, "I'm Your Romeo", which features musical styles such as hip-hop and techno. The band now seems to be a long way from their old punk roots, but they are as straightforward as ever in their ideals ...or lack of them. Vocalist Da Zhangwei says "We have to earn our living through music... Pleasing our fans is our reason for making music and we don't care about other things." The songs are still fairly upbeat and the lyrics pretty direct, although Da Zhangwei has softened the tone a bit for some of the love related songs.
Wang Wenbo was born on 22 October 1982, in Beijing. His inspirations were the aforementioned Green Day, [[The Cure]], and Nirvana.


== Discography ==
They were also involved in a plagiarizing scandal when it was discovered that they had copied at least 12 of their songs from foreign and overseas artists. Although frontman Da Zhangwei did not admit the songs were plagiarized, he admitted there were some flaws that existed in the songs. Contrary to his belief, Da Zhangwei claims he listens to hundreds of songs every week and when he writes the songs, some melodies come naturally, without manifesting their origins.
* ''Next to Happiness'' (1999) (幸福的旁边, ''Xìngfú de pángbiān'')
* ''Strawberry Statement'' (2001) (草莓声明, ''Cǎo méi shēng míng'')
* ''I Am Your Romeo'' (2004) (我是你的罗密欧, ''Wǒ shì nǐ de luōmì'ōu'')
* ''Blooming Dynasty'' (2005) (花季王朝, ''Huājì wáng cháo'')
* ''Hua Tian Xi Shi'' (2006) (花天囍世, ''Huā tiān xǐ shì'')
* ''Flower Age Pageant'' (2007) (花龄盛会, ''Huā líng shènghuì'')


==References==
{{Reflist}}


== Background ==
==External links==
* {{in lang|zh}} [http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/f/huaer/index.html The Flowers @ Sina.com]
Da Zhangwei was born August 31, 1983 in [[Beijing]]. His inspirations are [[Green Day]], [[Ramones]], and [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]. He likes [[art]] and dislikes [[basketball]].
* {{in lang|zh}} [http://blog.sina.com.cn/flowerblog Official Blog]
<br />Shi Xingning was the last to join the band, in 2001.
* {{in lang|ja}} [http://www.yaogun.com/artist/newvoice/flowers.htm The Flowers @ Yaogun.com]
<br />Guo Yang was born June 1, 1978 in [[Beijing]], and like Da Zhangwei, also likes [[Green Day]] and [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]. He dislikes chatting and being waken by a phone.
* (In English) https://web.archive.org/web/20161008140146/https://gbtimes.com/life/flowers-punk-pop-hip-hop
<br />Wang Wenbo was born October 22, 1982 in [[Beijing]]. His inspirations are [[Green Day]], [[The Cure]], and [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]. He likes sleeping and listening to music and dislikes being messy and making mistakes during performances.


{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Flowers, The}}
== External Links ==
[[Category:Mandopop musical groups]]
* {{zh icon}} [http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/f/huaer/index.html The Flowers @ Sina.com]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1998]]
* {{zh icon}} [http://huaeryuedui.blog.sohu.com/ Offical Blog]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2009]]
[[Category:Chinese musical trios]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Beijing]]
[[Category:Pop punk groups]]
[[Category:Chinese musical quartets]]
[[Category:Chinese punk rock groups]]

Latest revision as of 03:29, 26 December 2024

The Flowers
花儿乐队
From left to right: Yang, Xingyu, Zhang Wei, and Wenbo
From left to right: Yang, Xingyu, Zhang Wei, and Wenbo
Background information
OriginBeijing, China
Genres
Years active1998–2009
Labels
Past members

The Flowers (simplified Chinese: 花儿乐队; traditional Chinese: 花兒樂隊; pinyin: Huār Yuèduì) was a Chinese rock band formed in Beijing in 1998. The line-up originally consisted of Da Zhang Wei (Chinese: 张伟; pinyin: Zhāng Wěi) who was the lead vocalist and guitarist, Guo Yang (Chinese: 郭阳; pinyin: Guō Yáng) who was the bass guitarist, and Wang Wenbo (Chinese: 王文博; pinyin: Wáng Wénbó) who was the drummer and percussionist. In 2001, the Flowers brought in Shi Xingyu (Chinese: 石醒宇; pinyin: Shí Xǐngyǔ) who was also a guitarist. The Flowers recorded and released six studio albums.

After a personal dispute with Zhang Wei, Shi Xingyu left in the summer of 2008. The group held a talent contest looking for a new member before disbanding in June 2009.

History

[edit]

Three of the band's members, Zhang Wei, Guo Yang, and Wang Wenbo, met while attending high school. They first performed in local bars and clubs around Beijing, playing music in the style of pop punk reminiscent of Green Day and Blink-182.[1] In 1998, the trio signed to a small Beijing-based Chinese independent label, New Bees Music.[2] A year later, the band released their debut studio album, On the Other Side of Happiness. The album has three songs, "Stillness", "Disillusion", and "School's Out."[3]

The Flowers became involved in a two-year-long lawsuit with their first company, New Bees Music. The dispute was eventually settled out of court. They were signed to EMI in 2001, and the fourth member was added, guitarist Shi Xingyu.

Strawberry Statement, the Flowers' second album, was released in December 2001. The Flowers recorded and released their third studio album, I Am Your Romeo, in July 2004. The album has a hip hop- and techno-experimentation music style.

In 2005, the band released the single "Xi Shua Shua". The song was included on the band's fourth studio album, Hua Ji Wang Chao, or Blooming Dynasty, released in July 2005. The album sold 200,000 copies within forty days of its release. Later that same year, The Flowers made an appearance at China Central Television's Lantern Festival gala show. The group was nominated by organizers of the Pepsi Music Chart Awards in China for Best Arrangement, Best Lyrics, Best Composer, and Best Rock 'n' Roll Band.[3] The nominations were later revoked due to accusations of plagiarism.

Hua Tian Xi Shi, the Flowers' fifth album, was released in October 2006. In 2007, the Flowers began work on their sixth studio album. Hua Ling Sheng Hui, or Flower Age Pageant, was released on October 15, 2007, with "Qiong Kaixin" (or "Shiny Happiness") as its lead single. In an interview, Zhang Wei states that his motive was to incorporate traditional Chinese performances and cultures. The same year, the Flowers received the award for Best Mainland Band at the China Music Awards.[3] The Flowers were asked to write and perform a Mandarin version of the theme song of the hit Disney film High School Musical 2, which the group agreed to.[4]

Breakup

[edit]

In July 2008, it was announced by the Flowers' record label that the band's guitarist, Shi Xingyu, had quit the band after seven years with the group.[5] Following Xingyu's departure, the band held a talent competition in Beijing, with fifty contestants competing to be the new members of the Flowers. The winner would have been able to participate in its upcoming tenth anniversary concert tour.[6] However, on June 21, 2009, the Flowers decided to disband.[7] After the band's breakup, Zhang Wei embarked on a solo career, releasing his debut solo album in August 2009.[citation needed]

Controversy

[edit]

Plagiarism accusations and scandal

[edit]

The group was accused of plagiarism when it was discovered that they had copied at least twelve of their songs from various foreign artists, including the song "Xi Shua Shua", with its similarities to the Japanese pop duo Puffy AmiYumi's song "K2G"; "Emperor's Favorite", which resembles "Fuori dal Tunnel" by Caparezza;[8] as well as "Hua Die Fei", which purportedly sampled O-Zone's "Dragostea din tei".[9] Zhang Wei and representatives of EMI admitted in an official statement that while the songs were not plagiarized, there were some flaws in the songs. None of the artists have responded to the issue. The Flowers chose to drop out of all music award competitions for the rest of 2006. Zhang Wei claimed that he and his bandmates, 'having listened to up to 100 songs per day', have so many tunes stored in their heads that they "have no time to identify, revise and remove" ones that are not theirs.[10] In 2015, Belgian and Dutch media again reported a case of plagiarism regarding the song "Tong Hua Sheng Si Lian", which closely resembles the song "Heyah Mama" by Belgian girl band K3.[11][12]

Fighting incident

[edit]

In 2007, the band was observed dining at a restaurant in Beijing near Chaoyang Park. The group was seen conversing, but the situation escalated into an argument. According to reports, the incident intensified when Zhang Wei struck another band member, later identified as Xingyu, and pushed a man who attempted to intervene. A nearby restaurant patron captured the entire scene on his cell phone. The band's label acknowledged the dispute, explaining that it stemmed from differing opinions among the band members about their upcoming album. Zhang Yi, a senior official from the record company, clarified that the argument began when Zhang Wei and another band member disagreed on the album's sound. Zhang further explained that the band felt under significant pressure during the recording, especially after being involved in a plagiarism controversy. While some speculated that the altercation might have been a publicity stunt to boost album sales, Zhang Yi stated that the band was too busy to engage in such tactics.[13]

Band members

[edit]

Da Zhang Wei

[edit]

Da Zhang Wei was born as Zhang Wei on 31 August 1983, in Beijing. His inspirations were Green Day, Ramones, and Nirvana.

Shi Xingyu

[edit]

Shi Xingyu, nicknamed Xiao Yu (Chinese: 小宇; pinyin: Xiǎo Yǔ), was born on 11 January 1983. Xingyu was the last member to join the band in 2001. His favorite bands include Blink-182 and Smash Mouth.

Guo Yang

[edit]

Guo Yang was born on 29 May 1978, in Beijing. Yang's inspirations were Green Day and Nirvana.

Wang Wenbo

[edit]

Wang Wenbo was born on 22 October 1982, in Beijing. His inspirations were the aforementioned Green Day, The Cure, and Nirvana.

Discography

[edit]
  • Next to Happiness (1999) (幸福的旁边, Xìngfú de pángbiān)
  • Strawberry Statement (2001) (草莓声明, Cǎo méi shēng míng)
  • I Am Your Romeo (2004) (我是你的罗密欧, Wǒ shì nǐ de luōmì'ōu)
  • Blooming Dynasty (2005) (花季王朝, Huājì wáng cháo)
  • Hua Tian Xi Shi (2006) (花天囍世, Huā tiān xǐ shì)
  • Flower Age Pageant (2007) (花龄盛会, Huā líng shènghuì)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Flowers – In Bloom?". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
  2. ^ "Chinese aim to build a great wall of sound". The Guardian. 2003-05-24. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
  3. ^ a b c Petra, Niemi (7 March 2008). "The Flowers - From punk pop to hip hop". gbtimes.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
  4. ^ Yuan Yuan. "Blooming Pop". Beijing Review. 19 August 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
  5. ^ "Huaer holds competition for new band member_English_Xinhua". News.xinhuanet.com. 2009-03-02. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
  6. ^ "The Flowers holds competition for new band member -- china.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
  7. ^ "Huaer band splits for solo careers -- china.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
  8. ^ "Una band cinese ha plagiato Fuori dal Tunnel di Caparezza". 28 September 2021.
  9. ^ http://www.whosampled.com/sample/79547/The-Flowers-Hua-Die-Fei-O-Zone-Dragostea-Din-Tei [dead link]
  10. ^ "Bloom off the Flower over Plagiarism". China.org.cn. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  11. ^ http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/33182/K3-stopt-ermee/article/detail/2416884/2015/08/09/Heyah-Mama-van-K3-als-dit-geen-plagiaat-is.dhtml [dead link]
  12. ^ http://www.whosampled.com/sample/80534/The-Flowers-Tong-Hua-Sheng-Si-Lian-K3-Heyah-Mama [dead link]
  13. ^ "Video Shows 'The Flowers' Fighting -- china.org.cn". China.org.cn. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
[edit]