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Charles West Churchman (29 August 1913 – 21 March 2004) was an American philosopher and systems scientist, who was Professor at the School of Business Administration and Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his pioneering work in operations research, system analysis and ethics.^[1]

Biography

Churchman was born in 1913 in Mount Airy, Philadelphia, to Clark Wharton Churchman and Helen Norah Fassitt, descendants of Philadelphia Main Line families.^[2] His first intellectual love was for philosophy and this far-ranging love for wisdom captivated him to the end of his life.^[3] He studied philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1935, a master's in 1936, and a PhD in 1938, all in philosophy. One of his teachers was Edgar A. Singer, who had been a student at Harvard of the philosopher and psychologist William James.

Before completing his dissertation, in 1937, he became Instructor of Philosophy, also at the University of Pennsylvania. Churchman's dissertation was ultimately completed under Henry Bradford Smith, titled "Towards a General Logic of Propositions" (1938).^[4] Upon finishing his degree, he was appointed assistant professor at the university. During World War II, Churchman headed the mathematical section of the U.S. Ordnance Laboratory at the Frankford Arsenal in Philadelphia and devised a way to test small arms ammunition and detonators based on the statistical methods of bioassay.^[1] He also investigated the theory of detonation, applying high-speed photography. In 1945, back in Pennsylvania he was elected Chairman of the Department of Philosophy. In 1951, Churchman moved to the Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland, Ohio, and until 1957 he was Professor of Engineering Administration at Case. In 1957, he joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley and remained there as a Professor Emeritus after his retirement.

During 1946–1954, he served as the secretary and program chairman of the American Philosophy of Science Association. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Churchman was a founding member of TIMS, now INFORMS, and was its ninth president in 1962. In 1989, Churchman was elected president of the International Society for the Systems Sciences.

Churchman edited the journal Philosophy of Science for a long period beginning in 1948. He was also the first editor-in-chief of the journal Management Science in 1954.

Churchman has been cited by Noam Chomsky as the only professor from whom he learned anything as an undergraduate.^{[citation needed]} European students of C. West Churchman are Werner Ulrich and Kristo Ivanov who developed his work in related fields^[5] and contributed to its diffusion in Europe. American students of Churchman who have documented their understanding and application of his work are Ian Mitroff and Richard O. Mason ^[6]

Churchman died in 2004 in Bolinas, California.

Work

Churchman made significant contributions in the fields of management science, operations research and systems theory. During a career spanning six decades, Churchman investigated a vast range of topics such as accounting, research and development management, city planning, education, mental health, space exploration, and peace and conflict studies.^[1]

Churchman became internationally recognized due to his then radical concept of incorporating ethical values into operating systems. Hasan Ozbekhan, his friend, in The Predicament of Mankind proposal to the Club of Rome^[7] incorporated ethical values in the 49 Continuous Critical Problems that constitute the Global Problematique. The proposal was not accepted because it was "too humanistic" ^[8]

Personal life

His wife Gloria Churchman died in 2009. About her husband, she said, "Academic philosophy wasn't satisfying to him. He demanded that philosophy have meaning in the world. He wanted to insert an ethical dimension into science. And he really made it his job to remind all these CEOs that they had ethical responsibilities."^{[citation needed]}

"He was a tremendous teacher. People would flock to his class," Gloria Churchman said. "He always kept you on the edge of your chair, because he was a very, very exciting lecturer. He had students from everywhere, all over the world."^{[citation needed]}

Professor Churchman and Gloria Churchman are survived by their son Daniel Wharton Churchman (Josh) of Bolinas, his daughter-in-law Joy Churchman and two grandchildren, Jenna and Kyle Churchman.

Recognition

Churchman's honors include the Academy of Management’s Best Book in Management Award and the McKinsey Book Award, both in 1968.^[9] In 1965 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.^[10] His work was further honored through three honorary doctorates given to him by the Washington University in St. Louis in 1975, the University of Lund, Sweden in 1984, and the Umeå University, Sweden in 1986. In 1983, Churchman received the Berkeley Citation, one of the campus's highest awards. In 1999 he received the LEO Award for Lifetime Exceptional Achievement in Information Systems. He was elected to the 2002 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.^[11]

The West Churchman Memorial Prize was awarded in 2014, during the 10th Brazilian Congress of systems, conducted by CORS - USP, after a selection carried out by an editorial committee, composed of researchers from several countries. The purpose of it was to provide recognition to an important systemic research work developed within the highest ethical and methodological standards as advocated C. West Churchman.^[12]

Publications

Churchman wrote some 15 books and edited another 9 books:^[13]

1938, Towards a General Logic of Propositions, Ph.D. Dissertation.
1940, Elements of Logic and Formal Science, J.B. Lippincott Co., New York.
1940, Euclid Vindicated of Every Blemish, Translator, Saccheri's.
1946, Psychologistics, with Russell L. Ackoff.
1948, Theory of Experimental Inference, Macmillan Publishers, New York.
1950, Methods of Inquiry: Introduction to Philosophy and Scientific Method, with Russell L. Ackoff, Educational Publications, St. Louis, Missouri, Missouri.
1956, Costs, Utilities, and Values, Sections I and II.
1957, Introduction to Operations Research, with Russell L. Ackoff & E.L. Arnoff, J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
1960, Prediction and Optimal Decision, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
1968, Challenge to Reason, McGraw-Hill, New York.
1968/1979, The Systems Approach, Delacorte Press, New York.
1971, The Design of Inquiring Systems, Basic Concepts of Systems and Organizations, Basic Books, New York.
1975, Thinking for Decisions: Deductive Quantitative Methods, Science Research Associates, Chicago, Illinois.
1979, The Systems Approach and Its Enemies, Basic Books, New York.
1982, Thought and Wisdom; The Gaither Lectures, Intersystems Publications, Seaside, California.

Books edited by C. West Churchman.

1947, Measurement of Consumer Interest, ed. with Russell L. Ackoff, and M. Wax.
1959, Measurement: Definitions and Theories, ed. with P. Ratoosh.
1959, Experience and Reflection by Edgar A. Singer, Jr., ed.
1960, Management Sciences, ed. with M. Verhulst.
1975, Systems and Management Annual 1975, ed.
1976, Design Methods and Theories, ed.
1976, World Modelling: A Dialogue, ed. with R.O. Mason.
1984, Natural Resources Administration: Introducing a New Methodology for Management Development, ed. with A.H. Rosenthal, and S.H. Smith.
1989, The Well-Being of Organizations, ed.
2011, The Permanent Revolution in Science. Richard L. Schanck and C. West Churchman, (Reissue of 1954 book). New York, Philosophical Library, Introduction by C. West Churchman.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Kathleen Maclay (2004)."C. West Churchman dies". Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2010-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), UC Berkeley Press Release, 31 March 2004. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
^ Assad, Arjang A. (2011). "C. West Churchman". Profiles in Operations Research. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Vol. 147. pp. 171–200. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6281-2_11. ISBN 978-1-4419-6280-5.
^ Richard O. Mason (2004), "IFORS’ Operational Research Hall of Fame : C. West Churchman" in: Intl. Trans. in Op. Res. Vol 11 pp 585–588
^ Ulrich, Werner (2004). "In memory of C. West Churchman (1912-2004): Reminiscences, retrospectives, and reflections" (PDF). Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change. 1 (2): 199–219. doi:10.1386/jots.1.2.199/0. S2CID 143750502. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
^ For an extension of Churchman's concepts to philosophy of science in general and informatics or computer science in particular, see Ivanov's Index to Churchman's "The Design of Inquiring Systems". Retrieved 3 March 2023.
^ Charles West Churchman—Philosopher of Management: An Interview with Richard O. Mason Conducted by Ian I. Mitroff. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
^ Ozbekhan, H. (1970). The Predicament of Mankind: A Quest for Structured Responses to Growing World-Wide Complexities and Uncertainties. www.redesignresearch.com/docs/ThePredicamentofMankind.pdf
^ Christakis, A.N.(1998) The Club of Rome Revisited in General Systems, W.L. Reckmeyer (ed.) International Society for the Systems Sciences, Vol XXXI
^ C. West Churchman, Ninth President of TIMS 1962 Archived 2006-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 22 October 2007.
^ View/Search Fellows of the ASA Archived 2016-06-16 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 2016-08-20.
^ Fellows: Alphabetical List, Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, retrieved 2019-10-09
^ J. D. R. de Raadt and Veronica D. de Raadt (2015). "Systems Research And Behavioral Science - Guest Editorial". Systems Research and Behavioral Science. 33 (2): 209–212. doi:10.1002/sres.2376.
^ An overview of his articles is given in: Werner Ulrich (2006),"A Bibliography of C.W. Churchman's Writings from 1938 to 2001". Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2010-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) . Werner Ulrich's Home Page: C.W. Churchman. Retrieved 10 May 2008.

External links

Appreciation of Churchman by Werner Ulrich includes obituary from the San Francisco Chronicle.
Biography of C. West Churchman from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS).
C. West Churchman's profile at the Ethics and Sustainability Forum.
Interview of C. West Churchman by prof. Kristo Ivanov at Umeå University on April 30, 1987 (2 hours in 4 sections). With photos and documentation.

[KM_04-1] Kathleen Maclay (2004)."C. West Churchman dies". Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2010-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), UC Berkeley Press Release, 31 March 2004. Retrieved 8 May 2008.

[2] Assad, Arjang A. (2011). "C. West Churchman". Profiles in Operations Research. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Vol. 147. pp. 171–200. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6281-2_11. ISBN 978-1-4419-6280-5.

[IF_04-3] Richard O. Mason (2004), "IFORS’ Operational Research Hall of Fame : C. West Churchman" in: Intl. Trans. in Op. Res. Vol 11 pp 585–588

[4] Ulrich, Werner (2004). "In memory of C. West Churchman (1912-2004): Reminiscences, retrospectives, and reflections" (PDF). Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change. 1 (2): 199–219. doi:10.1386/jots.1.2.199/0. S2CID 143750502. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

[5] For an extension of Churchman's concepts to philosophy of science in general and informatics or computer science in particular, see Ivanov's Index to Churchman's "The Design of Inquiring Systems". Retrieved 3 March 2023.

[6] Charles West Churchman—Philosopher of Management: An Interview with Richard O. Mason Conducted by Ian I. Mitroff. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

[7] Ozbekhan, H. (1970). The Predicament of Mankind: A Quest for Structured Responses to Growing World-Wide Complexities and Uncertainties. www.redesignresearch.com/docs/ThePredicamentofMankind.pdf

[8] Christakis, A.N.(1998) The Club of Rome Revisited in General Systems, W.L. Reckmeyer (ed.) International Society for the Systems Sciences, Vol XXXI

[Informs-9] C. West Churchman, Ninth President of TIMS 1962 Archived 2006-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 22 October 2007.

[10] View/Search Fellows of the ASA Archived 2016-06-16 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 2016-08-20.

[11] Fellows: Alphabetical List, Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, retrieved 2019-10-09

[12] J. D. R. de Raadt and Veronica D. de Raadt (2015). "Systems Research And Behavioral Science - Guest Editorial". Systems Research and Behavioral Science. 33 (2): 209–212. doi:10.1002/sres.2376.

[13] An overview of his articles is given in: Werner Ulrich (2006),"A Bibliography of C.W. Churchman's Writings from 1938 to 2001". Archived from the original on 2009-08-07. Retrieved 2010-10-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) . Werner Ulrich's Home Page: C.W. Churchman. Retrieved 10 May 2008.

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+{{short description|American philosopher and systems scientist}}
-[[Image:Charles W Churchman.jpg|125px|thumb|right|C. West Churchman]]
+'''Charles West Churchman'''  (29 August 1913 &ndash; 21 March 2004) was an American [[philosopher]] and [[systems scientist]], who was Professor at the School of [[Business Administration]] and Professor of [[Peace and Conflict Studies]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. He was internationally known for his pioneering work in [[operations research]], [[system analysis]] and [[ethics]].<ref name="KM 04">Kathleen Maclay (2004).{{cite web|url=http://geocities.com/csh_home/picture_april2004.html |title=C. West Churchman dies |access-date=2010-10-11 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807115513/http://geocities.com/csh_home/picture_april2004.html |archive-date=2009-08-07 }}, UC Berkeley Press Release, 31 March 2004. Retrieved 8 May 2008.</ref>
+== Biography ==
-'''Charles West Churchman'''  ([[29 August]], [[1913]] &ndash; [[21 March]], [[2004]] [[Bolinas, California]].) was an [[United States|American]] [[philosopher]] in the field of [[management science]], [[operations research]] and [[systems theory]]. He is internationally known for his pioneering work in operations research and system analysis.
+Churchman was born in 1913 in [[Mount Airy, Philadelphia]],  to Clark Wharton Churchman and Helen Norah Fassitt, descendants of [[Philadelphia Main Line]] families.<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Assad | first1 = Arjang A. | chapter = C. West Churchman | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-6281-2_11 | title = Profiles in Operations Research | series = International Series in Operations Research & Management Science | volume = 147 | pages = 171–200 | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1-4419-6280-5 }}</ref> His first intellectual love was for [[philosophy]] and this far-ranging love for wisdom captivated him to the end of his life.<ref name= "IF 04">Richard O. Mason (2004), "IFORS’ Operational Research Hall of Fame : C. West Churchman" in: ''Intl. Trans. in Op. Res.'' Vol 11 pp 585–588</ref> He studied philosophy at the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where he was admitted to the [[Zeta Psi]] fraternity. He earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in 1935, a [[master's degree|master's]] in 1936, and a [[PhD]] in 1938, all in philosophy. One of his teachers was [[Edgar A. Singer]], who had been a student at Harvard of the philosopher and psychologist [[William James]].
+Before completing his dissertation, in 1937, he became Instructor of Philosophy, also at the University of Pennsylvania. Churchman's dissertation was ultimately completed under Henry Bradford Smith, titled "Towards a General Logic of Propositions" (1938).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ulrich |first1=Werner |title=In memory of C. West Churchman (1912-2004): Reminiscences, retrospectives, and reflections |journal=Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change |date=2004 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=199–219 |doi=10.1386/jots.1.2.199/0 |s2cid=143750502 |url=https://wulrich.com/downloads/ulrich_2004d.pdf |access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref> Upon finishing his degree, he was appointed assistant professor at the university. During World War II, Churchman headed the mathematical section of the U.S. Ordnance Laboratory at the Frankford Arsenal in Philadelphia and devised a way to test small arms ammunition and detonators based on the statistical methods of bioassay.<ref name="KM 04"/> He also investigated the theory of detonation, applying high-speed photography. In 1945, back in Pennsylvania he was elected Chairman of the Department of Philosophy. In 1951, Churchman moved to the [[Case Institute of Technology]] in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], and until 1957 he was Professor of Engineering Administration at Case. In 1957, he joined the faculty of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] and remained there as a Professor Emeritus after his retirement.
+During 1946–1954, he served as the secretary and program chairman of the American [[Philosophy of Science Association]]. He is a fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]. Churchman was a founding member of TIMS, now [[INFORMS]], and was its ninth president in 1962. In 1989, Churchman was elected president of the [[International Society for the Systems Sciences]].
+Churchman edited the journal ''Philosophy of Science'' for a long period beginning in 1948. He was also the first editor-in-chief of the journal ''[[Management Science]]'' in 1954.
-== Biography ==
-Churchman was born in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], and studied philosophy at the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where he was admitted to the [[Zeta Psi]] fraternity. He earned a [[bachelor's degree]] in [[1935]], a [[master's degree|master's]] in [[1936]], and a [[PhD]] in [[1938]], all in philosophy. Before completing his dissertation, in [[1937]], he became Instructor of Philosophy, also at the University of Pennsylvania.  Upon finishing his degree, he was appointed Assistant Professor at the University, and, in [[1945]], was elected Chairman of the Department of Philosophy.
+Churchman has been cited by [[Noam Chomsky]] as the only professor from whom he learned anything as an undergraduate.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} European students of C. West Churchman are [[Werner Ulrich]] and [[Kristo Ivanov]] who developed his work in related fields<ref>For an extension of Churchman's concepts to philosophy of science in general and informatics or computer science in particular, see Ivanov's [https://archive.org/details/chuindex Index to Churchman's "The Design of Inquiring Systems".] Retrieved 3 March 2023.</ref> and contributed to its diffusion in Europe. American students of Churchman who have documented their understanding and application of his work are [[Ian Mitroff]] and [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard-Mason-11 Richard O. Mason] <ref>[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1056492614537708 Charles West Churchman—Philosopher of Management: An Interview with Richard O. Mason Conducted by Ian I. Mitroff. Retrieved 3 March 2023.]</ref>
-In [[1951]], Churchman moved to the [[Case Institute of Technology]] in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], and until [[1957]] he was Professor of Engineering Administration at Case. In [[1957]], he joined the faculty of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] and remained there until his retirement. He also served as the first editor-in-chief of the journal ''[[Management Science]]'' in [[1954]].
+Churchman died in 2004 in [[Bolinas, California]].
-During the 1960s, Churchman became an [[alcoholism|alcoholic]].  His subsequent involvement in [[Alcoholics Anonymous]] provided a great deal of theoretical material for his future writings, as well as a rich source of anecdotes.
+== Work ==
-During the 1980s, Churchman became one of leading advocates within the Peace and Conflict Department at UC Berkeley, where he integrated his pioneering work related to systems management and peace work. One of his graduate assistants, Alade Djehuti-Mes stated that “West”was particularly concerned about the failure of the world leaders to solve the high death rates of children in Africa from the various diseases, wars and malnutrition.
+Churchman made significant contributions in the fields of [[management science]], [[operations research]] and [[systems theory]]. During a career spanning six decades, Churchman investigated a vast range of topics such as [[accounting]], research and development [[management]], [[city planning]], [[education]], [[mental health]], [[space exploration]], and [[peace and conflict studies]].<ref name="KM 04"/>
+Churchman became internationally recognized due to his then radical concept of incorporating ethical values into operating systems. Hasan Ozbekhan, his friend, in ''The Predicament of Mankind'' proposal to the [[Club of Rome]]<ref>Ozbekhan, H. (1970).  The Predicament of Mankind: A Quest for Structured Responses to Growing World-Wide Complexities and Uncertainties. www.redesignresearch.com/docs/ThePredicamentofMankind.pdf</ref> incorporated ethical values in the 49 Continuous Critical Problems that constitute the '''Global Problematique'''. The proposal was not accepted because it was "too humanistic" <ref>Christakis, A.N.(1998) The Club of Rome Revisited in General Systems, W.L. Reckmeyer (ed.) International Society for the Systems Sciences, Vol XXXI</ref>
-[[Image:C West Churchman.jpg|200px|thumb|left|C. West Churchman]]
-The tools which Churchman provided these students was monumental based on the reports of peace works they were involved in as well as the gratitude they demonstrated towards him. Churchman's teaching were so popular that his classes had overflows with an annual end of the year event in Bolinas.
+== Personal life ==
-In [[1989]], Churchman was elected president of the [http://www.isss.org International Society for the Systems Sciences]. His work was further honored through three honorary doctorates given to him by [[Washington University in St. Louis]] in [[1975]], the [[University of Lund]], Sweden in [[1984]], and the [[Umeå University]], Sweden in [[1986]].
+His wife Gloria Churchman died in 2009. About her husband, she said, "Academic philosophy wasn't satisfying to him. He demanded that philosophy have meaning in the world. He wanted to insert an ethical dimension into science. And he really made it his job to remind all these CEOs that they had ethical responsibilities."{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}
+"He was a tremendous teacher. People would flock to his class," Gloria Churchman said. "He always kept you on the edge of your chair, because he was a very, very exciting lecturer. He had students from everywhere, all over the world."{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}
-Churchman’s honors include the Academy of Management’s Best Book in Management Award and the McKinsey Book Award, both in [[1968]].<ref> [http://www2.informs.org/History/Gallery/Presidents/TIMS/cchurchman.htm C. West Churchman, Ninth President of TIMS 1962], retrieved 22 October 2007.</ref> Churchman has been cited by [[Noam Chomsky]] as the only professor from whom he learned anything as an undergraduate.
+Professor Churchman and Gloria Churchman are survived by their son Daniel Wharton Churchman (Josh) of Bolinas, his daughter-in-law Joy Churchman and two grandchildren, Jenna and Kyle Churchman.
-==The Systems Approach==
-One of Churchman's major contributions is the System Approach in the book with same title.  It is class of systemic design principles, Chuchman points out several historic Systems Approaches. He also supplies his Systems Approach:<p>
-) The systems approach begins when first you see the world through the eyes of another.<p>
-) The systems approach goes to discover that every world view is terribly restricted<p>
-) There are no experts in the systems approach<p>
-) The systems approch is not a bad idea (Churchmans bias)<p>
+== Recognition ==
-The systems approach is the origin of [[Idealzed Design]] and [[Co-Design]]
+Churchman's honors include the [[Academy of Management]]’s Best Book in Management Award and the McKinsey Book Award, both in 1968.<ref name="Informs">[http://www2.informs.org/History/Gallery/Presidents/TIMS/cchurchman.htm C. West Churchman, Ninth President of TIMS 1962] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928053927/http://www2.informs.org/History/Gallery/Presidents/TIMS/cchurchman.htm |date=2006-09-28 }}, retrieved 22 October 2007.</ref> In 1965 he was elected as a [[Fellow of the American Statistical Association]].<ref>[http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm View/Search Fellows of the ASA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616161612/https://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm |date=2016-06-16 }}, accessed 2016-08-20.</ref> His work was further honored through three honorary doctorates given to him by the [[Washington University in St. Louis]] in 1975, the [[University of Lund]], Sweden in 1984, and the [[Umeå University]], Sweden in 1986. In 1983, Churchman received the [http://awards.berkeley.edu/berkeleyCitation.cfm Berkeley Citation], one of the campus's highest awards. In 1999 he received the LEO Award for Lifetime Exceptional Achievement in Information Systems.
+He was elected to the 2002 class of [[Fellow]]s of the [[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Fellows/Fellows-Alphabetical-List|title=Fellows: Alphabetical List|publisher=[[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]]|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>
+The West Churchman Memorial Prize was awarded in 2014, during the 10th Brazilian Congress of systems, conducted by CORS - USP, after a selection carried out by an editorial committee, composed of researchers from several countries. The purpose of it was to provide recognition to an important systemic research work developed within the highest ethical and methodological standards as advocated C. West Churchman.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Systems Research And Behavioral Science - Guest Editorial|journal = Systems Research and Behavioral Science|volume = 33|issue = 2|pages = 209–212|date= 2015 |author= J. D. R. de Raadt and Veronica D. de Raadt
+|doi= 10.1002/sres.2376}}</ref>
 == Publications ==
+Churchman wrote some 15 books and edited another 9 books:<ref>An overview of his articles is given in: [[Werner Ulrich]] (2006),{{cite web|url=http://geocities.com/csh_home/cwc_bibliography.html |title=A Bibliography of C.W. Churchman's Writings from 1938 to 2001 |access-date=2010-10-11 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807115419/http://geocities.com/csh_home/cwc_bibliography.html |archive-date=2009-08-07 }} . Werner Ulrich's Home Page:  C.W. Churchman. Retrieved 10 May 2008.</ref>
-Churchman wrote some 15 books and edited an other 9 books:
-* 1938, ''Towards a General Logic of Propositions'', Ph.D. Dissertation.
-* 1940, ''Elements of Logic and Formal Science'', J.B. Lippincott Co., New York.
+* 1938, ''Towards a General Logic of Propositions'', Ph.D. Dissertation.
+* 1940, ''[https://archive.org/details/elementsoflogicf00chur Elements of Logic and Formal Science]'', J.B. Lippincott Co., New York.
 * 1940, ''Euclid Vindicated of Every Blemish'', Translator, Saccheri's.
-* 1946, ''Psychologistics'', with Russell L. Ackoff.
+* 1946, ''Psychologistics'', with [[Russell L. Ackoff]].
 * 1948, ''Theory of Experimental Inference'', Macmillan Publishers, New York.
 * 1950, ''Methods of Inquiry: Introduction to Philosophy and Scientific Method'', with Russell L. Ackoff, Educational Publications, St. Louis, Missouri, Missouri.
 * 1956, ''Costs, Utilities, and Values, Sections I and II''.
-* 1957, ''Introduction to Operations Research'', with Russell L. Ackoff & E.L. Arnoff, J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
+* 1957, ''[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoo00chur Introduction to Operations Research]'', with Russell L. Ackoff & E.L. Arnoff, J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
-* 1960, ''Prediction and Optimal Decision'', Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
+* 1960, ''[https://archive.org/details/predictionoptima00chur Prediction and Optimal Decision]'', Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
 * 1968, ''Challenge to Reason'', McGraw-Hill, New York.
-* 1968, ''The Systems Approach'', Delacorte Press, New York.
+* 1968/1979, ''[https://archive.org/details/systemsapproach00chur The Systems Approach]'', Delacorte Press, New York.
 * 1971, ''The Design of Inquiring Systems, Basic Concepts of Systems and Organizations'', Basic Books, New York.
 * 1975, ''Thinking for Decisions: Deductive Quantitative Methods'', Science Research Associates, Chicago, Illinois.
 * 1979, ''The Systems Approach and Its Enemies'', Basic Books, New York.
 * 1982, ''Thought and Wisdom; The Gaither Lectures'', Intersystems Publications, Seaside, California.
-Books edited by C.West Churchman.
+Books edited by C. West Churchman.
-* 1947, ''Measurement of Consumer Interest'', ed. with Russell L. AcKoff , and M. Wax.
+* 1947, ''Measurement of Consumer Interest'', ed. with Russell L. Ackoff, and M. Wax.
 * 1959,  ''Measurement: Definitions and Theories'', ed. with P. Ratoosh.
 * 1959, ''Experience and Reflection by Edgar A. Singer, Jr.'', ed.
 * 1960, ''Management Sciences'', ed. with M. Verhulst.
 * 1975, ''Systems and Management Annual 1975'', ed.
 * 1976, ''Design Methods and Theories'', ed.
 * 1976, ''World Modelling: A Dialogue'', ed. with R.O. Mason.
 * 1984, ''Natural Resources Administration: Introducing a New Methodology for Management Development'', ed. with A.H. Rosenthal, and S.H. Smith.
 * 1989, ''The Well-Being of Organizations'', ed.
+* 2011, ''The Permanent Revolution in Science''. [[Richard Schanck|Richard L. Schanck]] and C. West Churchman, (Reissue of 1954 book). New York, Philosophical Library, Introduction by C. West Churchman.
-== References ==
+== See also ==
+{{Portal|Systems science}}
-<references/>
+* [[Boundary critique]]
+* [[Co-design]]
+* [[Formal science]]
+* [[Debora Hammond]]
+* [[Werner Ulrich]]
+* [[Kristo Ivanov]]
+* [[Umeå University]]
+* [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]]
+* [[Wicked problem]]
+==References==
-== External links ==
+{{Reflist}}
-* [http://nature.berkeley.edu/~schultz/people/churchman_cv.html Ethics and Sustainability Forum]
-* [http://projects.isss.org/Main/CWestChurchman Appreciation of Churchman by Werner Ulrich]
+==External links==
+{{wikiquote}}
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140430093455/http://projects.isss.org/C_West_Churchman Appreciation of Churchman] by Werner Ulrich includes obituary from the San Francisco Chronicle.
+* [https://www.informs.org/About-INFORMS/History-and-Traditions/Biographical-Profiles/Churchman-C.-West Biography of C. West Churchman] from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS).
+* C. West Churchman's profile at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20041010065645/http://nature.berkeley.edu/~schultz/people/churchman_cv.html Ethics and Sustainability Forum].
+* [https://archive.org/details/Index_20180206_1053/ Interview of C. West Churchman] by prof. [[Kristo Ivanov]] at [[Umeå University]] on April 30, 1987 (2 hours in 4 sections). With photos and documentation.
+{{International Society for the Systems Sciences Presidents}}
 {{Systems}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Churchman, C. West}}
@@ Line 72: / Line 97: @@
 [[Category:2004 deaths]]
 [[Category:American business theorists]]
-[[Category:Operations researchers]]
+[[Category:American operations researchers]]
-[[Category:Systems scientists]]
+[[Category:American systems scientists]]
+[[Category:Mathematicians from Philadelphia]]
+[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
-[[nl:Charles West Churchman]]
+[[Category:People from Bolinas, California]]
+[[Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association]]
+[[Category:Mathematicians from California]]
+[[Category:Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]]
+[[Category:Presidents of the International Society for the Systems Sciences]]

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