Big hair: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Bouffant hairstyle}} |
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'''Big hair''' is a term that can refer to [[haircut|hairstyle]]s that emphasize large volume or largely styled hair. Big hair was popular in the late 1970s, as popularized by [[Dolly Parton]] and [[Farrah Fawcett]], a development from earlier [[bouffant]] styles. The term is also used in the [[Punk subculture|punk]], [[Gothic fashion|goth]] and [[alternative culture]]s and is particularly associated with alternative fashion of the 1980s, or inspired by the period. In either usage, ''big hair'' in modern times generally suggests an eye-catching, untidy, tangled, voluminous hairstyle, worn by conformist women in the 1970s, non-conformist of all sexes in the 1980s. |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2021}}[[File:Dolly Parton 2.jpg|thumb|[[Dolly Parton]] in 1983]] |
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'''Big hair''' is a [[haircut|hairstyle]] that emphasizes large [[Hair#Texture|volume]] or largely styled hair, especially when those styles make the hair occupy a large amount of space above and around the head. The label "big hair" for such styles originated in the late 1970s, when these styles were beginning a period of popularity. Similar styles have become fashionable at various periods in history.<ref>"Big hair", entry in [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/big+hair Merriam-Webster Online], accessed March 23, 2010.</ref> |
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Less commonly, ''big hair'' can refer to any style that incorporates a lot of height and/or volume. |
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[[File:Thompson-twins-tom2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tom Bailey (musician)|Tom Bailey]] of the [[Thompson Twins]], 1986]] |
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Actresses like [[Raquel Welch]], [[Brigitte Bardot]], [[Priscilla Presley]] and [[Jane Fonda]] became big-haired icons throughout the 1960s and 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2013-11-21|title=Hair Through History: 9 Hairstyles that Defined the 1960s|url=http://www.beautylaunchpad.com/hair-through-history-9-hairstyles-defined-1960s|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223043244/http://www.beautylaunchpad.com/hair-through-history-9-hairstyles-defined-1960s |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |access-date=2017-02-22|website=Beauty Launchpad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Boldrini|first=Giovanna|date=2014-08-26|title=7 Big-Haired Beauties Of The 60s and 70s Will Make You Yearn For The Past!!|url=https://littlethings.com/lifestyle/big-hair-60s-icons-revamp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130235340/https://littlethings.com/lifestyle/big-hair-60s-icons-revamp |archive-date=November 30, 2020 |access-date=2015-03-22|website=littlethings.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Oliver|first=Dana|date=2013-10-09|title=1960s Hair Icons Who Taught Us Everything About Big Hair|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/1960s-hairstyles-photos_n_4063781|access-date=2015-03-22|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> Women's hairstyles labelled as "big hair" became fashionable during this period, with the [[Farrah Fawcett red swimsuit poster]] an iconic example.<ref name=":1" /> The fashion persisted with certain regional subcultures in the [[southern United States]], and the styles are sometimes also associated with female [[country music]] performers.<ref>Skip Hollandsworth, "Hooray for Big Hair", ''[[Texas Monthly]]'', December 1992, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=hCsEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22big+hair%22&pg=PA122 122 et. seq.]</ref> It is also associated with the exaggerated stereotypical [[femininity]] associated with [[drag queen]]s and similar gender performers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bell|first=Shannon|url=https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/7117/Kroker_Arthur_TheLastSex_1993.pdf?sequence=4| chapter =Kate Bornstein: A Transgender Transsexual Postmodern Tiresias|date=1993| title=The Last Sex: Feminism and outlaw bodies|publisher=New World Perspectives|isbn=0-920393-37-3|editor-last=Kroker|editor-first=Arthur|location=|pages=120–140|oclc=28496452|editor-last2=Kroker|editor-first2=Marilouise}}</ref> |
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Big hair became popular in the 1980s for men as well as for women. The term is also used in the [[glam rock]], [[hair metal]], [[Gothic fashion|goth]] and [[alternative culture]]s and is particularly associated with fashion of the 1980s, or inspired by the period.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Innes-Smith|first=James|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50729398|title=Bad hair|date=2003|publisher=Bloomsbury|others=Henrietta Webb|isbn=1-58234-329-2|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|pages=|oclc=50729398}}</ref> From these origins, big hair became a feature of a number of [[Japan]]ese street and alternative fashions, including [[Harajuku]] and [[ganguro]].<ref>Tiffany Godoy and Ivan Vartanian, ''Style Deficit Disorder: Harajuku Street Fashion - Tokyo'' (Chronicle Books, 2007; {{ISBN|0-8118-5796-4}})</ref> In the early 1980s, [[Brooke Shields]] became a dominant force in the fashion trend after becoming a teen model in 1980. She has appeared in numerous magazine covers with different styles of long and big hair, making her one of the most influential fashion icons of the early 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Neill|first=Catherine Q.|date=2014-08-21|title=Brooke Shields's Beauty Evolution|url=https://www.allure.com/gallery/brooke-shields-beauty-evolution|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805040338/http://www.allure.com:80/gallery/brooke-shields-beauty-evolution |archive-date=August 5, 2016 |access-date=|website=Allure|language=en-us}}</ref> In the mid-1980s, rising pop star [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] sported big hair when photographed by [[Francesco Scavullo]] for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. Soon, many women emulated her look, making her one of the most iconic celebrities in 1980s fashion.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Skow |first=John |date=May 27, 1985 |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601850527,00.html |title=Show Business: Madonna Rocks the Land |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |volume=125 |issue=21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005123220/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,957012,00.html |archive-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Whacker|first=Pud|date=2013-05-14|title=Pud Whacker's Madonna Scrapbook: Bella Madonna|url=http://madonnascrapbook.blogspot.com/2013/05/bella-madonna.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925193632/http://madonnascrapbook.blogspot.com/2013/05/bella-madonna.html |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |access-date=2018-04-23|website=madonnascrapbook.blogspot.com}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Waldegrave detail.jpg|thumb|left|A large hairstyle from [[:Image:Waldegrave.jpg|The Ladies Waldegrave]], 1780–81.]] |
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Big hair has been a cultural trend and fashion icon throughout the span of centuries. Big hair can be achieved by the use of wigs, hair tools or hair products. |
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===17th and 18th centuries=== |
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| ⚫ | Depending on the specific style, hairstyles in the big hair categories may require a number of styling, cutting, or treatment techniques. Styling of punk and alternative big hair styles often requires [[backcombing]] (teasing) and the liberal application of styling aids such as [[hair spray]], [[hair mousse]], or [[hair gel]], often in combination with the use of hair dryers. Crimping irons, [[permanent wave|perms]], hair rollers, or other techniques may also be required.<ref name=":1" /> |
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[[Image:Louis XIV of France.jpg|thumb|right|[[King Louis XIV]] wearing a wig, dated 1701.]] |
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[[Wig (hair)|Wigs]] were popular in high society during the 16th and 17th centuries. Royalty, judges and high level officials wore wigs. Aristocrats were also known for wearing wigs as wigs were expensive during those times and needed maintenance. Powdered wigs were also worn, starting from the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. In the first half of the 17th century, especially in [[France]], men of all classes wore their hair long and preferably curled. When [[Louis XIV of France]] started compensating for his receding hairline with long, curly wigs around the mid-1600s, they became fashionable amongst the aristocracy and further developed in colour and style over the next 150 years. Women started to embrace elaborate powdered wigs in the 18th century as well, and the excesses of these hairstyles, sometimes even carrying miniature constructions (such as boats, and castles, executed in expensive materials such as gems, precious metals and silks), were a favourite subject among [[caricature|caricaturists]] at the time. |
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{{stub-section}} |
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==Naturally voluminous hair== |
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===20th century=== |
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[[File:Annie Khalid during a concert.jpg|thumb|Singer [[Annie Khalid]]]] |
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[[Image:Album of the Yongzheng Emperor in Costumes 8.jpg|thumb|200px|left|An 18th century [[Chinese painting]] of the [[Yongzheng Emperor]] wearing a European wig and dress, spearing a [[tiger]] with a [[trident]].]] |
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Many people of various ethnicities throughout the world have naturally voluminous hair. For these people, "big hair" is not a deliberate fashion statement requiring any particular technique to achieve, but rather the default state of their hair. Some 60 percent of the world's population has naturally curly hair, which tends to be more voluminous than straight hair.<ref>{{cite web |website=Naturally Curly |title=The Curly Hair Gene: Fact or Fiction? |url=https://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/hairstyles/curly-hair-gene/}}</ref> |
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Big hair became popular in [[Western culture]] during the 1950s and 1960s with [[bouffant]] hairstyles. The [[beehive (hairstyle)|beehive]] hairstyle's popularity spanned the 1950s and 1960s. There are many iconic examples from popular culture, among them the 1961 movie ''[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]'', the Star Trek character [[Janice Rand]] and, to a lesser extent, the [[I Dream of Jeannie]] television show. |
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Big hair is seen as artificial or trendy by some people. This has often led to misunderstandings and even [[discrimination based on hair texture]]. In 2013, for example, 12-year-old [[Faith Christian Academy#History|Vanessa VanDyke]] was threatened with expulsion for wearing her hair in its natural state. School officials claimed her voluminous hair was a "distraction".<ref>{{cite web |website=MSNBC |title=Florida school threatens to expel student over 'natural hair' |date=November 26, 2013 |url=http://www.msnbc.com/the-last-word-94}}</ref> In some East or Southeast Asian communities where the majority of people have straight hair, voluminous curly or [[afro-textured hair]] may also be seen as an oddity.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=The Curly Cue |date=November 12, 2006 |first1=Kevin |last1=Sintumuang |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/08/AR2006110801476.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=Chocolate Chick in China: The Adventures of an English Teacher in China |date=April 9, 2015 |title=Social Experiment: The Superficiality of the Chinese Culture |url=https://chocolatechickinchina.wordpress.com/2015/04/09/social-experiment-the-superficiality-of-the-chinese-culture/}}</ref> |
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The [[afro]] hairstyle became widely popular not long after the beehive's decline. Seen by many as a repudiation of the use of hair straighteners to mimic the straightness of Caucasian hair, the afro became culturally symbolic during the 1960s and 1970s in connection to the growth of the [[Black Pride Movement|Black Pride]] and [[Black Power]] political movements and the emergence of [[blaxploitation]] films and [[disco music]]. |
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''Big Hair, Don't Care'', a children's book by Crystal Swain-Bates and Megan Bair, was published by Goldest Karat Publishing in 2013. The book is designed to improve self-esteem and confidence among children with naturally voluminous hair.<ref>{{cite book |title=Big Hair, Don't Care |first1=Crystal |last1=Swain-Bates |first2=Megan |last2=Bair |publisher=Goldest Karat Publishing |date=2013 |isbn=9781939509109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhftoQEACAAJ}}</ref> |
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During the 1980s and early 90s, big hair became a trend with styles such as the [[mullet (hairstyle)|mullet]], [[Mohawk hairstyle|mohawk]] and "glam metal hair" (large hairstyle worn by Metal music groups). Large hairstyles were achieved with the use of [[hairspray]], [[hair gel]] and [[hair mousse]]. Teased and [[Permanent wave|permed]] hairstyles were not uncommon. Some music groups that promoted the big hair 1980s hairstyles included [[Bon Jovi]], [[Whitesnake]], [[Poison (band)|Poison]], [[Guns N' Roses]], and [[Twisted Sister]]. Alternative music groups also sported big hairstyles including the mohawk. Alternative musicians that wore big hair hairstyles include [[Robert Smith (musician)|Robert Smith]] of [[The Cure]], [[Siouxsie Sioux]] of [[Siouxsie & the Banshees]], and [[Johnny Slut]] of [[Specimen (band)|Specimen]]. The characters in the 80s television show [[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]] also displayed large hairstyles. Many characters in the 1988 film [[Hairspray (film)|Hairspray]] exhibit such coiffure. |
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==See also== |
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The 1990s were not defined by big hair hairstyles but a short lived interest in afro hairstyles resurfaced.Instead, the early 1990s had some influence of volumious hairstyles of the 80s but the later portion of the decade reflected decidedly smoother hairstyles. Moving towards the twenty-first century perms became significantly less popular as mainstream culture began to favor straight hair. |
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* [[Afro]] |
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{{stub-section}} |
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* [[Beehive (hairstyle)]] |
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* [[Frizz]] |
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* [[List of hairstyles]] |
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* [[Natural hair movement]] |
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== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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====Afro==== |
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An [[afro]], sometimes shortened to "'fro", is a hairstyle in which curly hair extends out from the [[head]] like a [[Halo (optical phenomenon)|halo]] or [[cloud]] which may be several times the diameter of the head. Afros gained popularity in the 1970s. |
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Afro's are usually sported by people with tightly curled hair which is a distinct Black racial feature typical of indigenous [[Africa]]n descended people, hence its name. Anyone of any racial background however, is capable of growing an afro if they have curly hair. |
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{{Commons category}} |
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{{Human hair}} |
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Afro's first originated in late 1950s South Africa among Black South African women and were originally called 'bushes'. The afro was adopted by politically conscious Black Americans in the late 1960s as an expression of pan-African pride and Black cultural independence from mainstream White society. The style was largely depoliticized throughout the 1970s and continued through the early 80s. In the mid-late 1980s, the afro became shorter but most Black males still wore their hair out to some degree (as opposed to keeping it short enough to the point that it does not curl which is the prevalent style in the 2000s). |
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A curly afro worn by a White person is humerously referred to as a 'Jewfro' as loosely curled hair is common among Ashkenazi Jews. |
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====Mohawks==== |
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[[Mohawk (hairstyle)|Mohawks]] are a hairstyle that was prominent in the early 1980s punk and hardcore music subcultures. The Mohawk style consist of shaved or buzzed sides of the head with a strip of longer hair in the centre of the head that is typically stiffened using hairspray and hair gel. Some individuals with Mohawks also colored the hair. |
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The [[deathhawk]], a variation on the [[Mohawk (hairstyle)|Mohawk]], is generally thicker and looser than a traditional Mohawk, and may feature long tendrils. The deathhawk is associated with both the [[deathrock]] and [[Gothic fashion|goth]] scenes. |
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[[Liberty spikes]], named for their resemblance to the spikes on the crown of the [[Statue of Liberty]], are a style that incorporates long, thick, upright [[spiked (hairstyle)|spikes]] all over the head. All varieties of Mohawks can be styled into liberty spikes. |
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====Beehive==== |
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[[Image:Retro formal beehive updo.jpg|thumb|100px|left|Beehive]] The [[beehive (hairstyle)|beehive]] is a woman's hairstyle named for its resemblance to a [[beehive (beekeeping)|beehive]] and for its similarity to the bulbous nose of the [[B-52 Stratofortress]] [[bomber]]. |
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A [[bouffant]] style, beehives originated in the USA in the 1950s. The peak of its popularity was in the [[1960s]], but is associated in modern times with the [[New Wave music|New Wave]] [[rock band]] [[The B-52's]] and with cartoon character [[Marge Simpson]], whose usual hairdo is an extreme, two-foot high, blue beehive. Alex Handley also used this style by growing his hair and burning it off on live tv |
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====Glam metal hair==== |
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In the 1980s, male members of bands of the [[glam metal]] era, such as [[Poison (band)|Poison]] and [[Whitesnake]] often had a big hair style that featured long, often dyed-blonde hair that was teased or permed and then given "body" by the use of hairspray and hair dryers. The big hair of the glam metal bands led to it being nicknamed "hair metal". |
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This style lost popularity in the early 1990s, with the arrival of [[grunge]] fashion. |
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| ⚫ | Depending on the specific style, hairstyles in the big hair categories may require a number of styling, cutting, or treatment techniques. |
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*[http://www.80srewind.net/80s/80shairstyles.htm 1980s hairstyles] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Big Hair}} |
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[[Category:Gothic fashion]] |
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[[Category:Hairstyles]] |
[[Category:Hairstyles]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Japanese fashion]] |
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Latest revision as of 18:07, 19 November 2024
Big hair is a hairstyle that emphasizes large volume or largely styled hair, especially when those styles make the hair occupy a large amount of space above and around the head. The label "big hair" for such styles originated in the late 1970s, when these styles were beginning a period of popularity. Similar styles have become fashionable at various periods in history.[1]
History
[edit]
Actresses like Raquel Welch, Brigitte Bardot, Priscilla Presley and Jane Fonda became big-haired icons throughout the 1960s and 1970s.[2][3][4] Women's hairstyles labelled as "big hair" became fashionable during this period, with the Farrah Fawcett red swimsuit poster an iconic example.[5] The fashion persisted with certain regional subcultures in the southern United States, and the styles are sometimes also associated with female country music performers.[6] It is also associated with the exaggerated stereotypical femininity associated with drag queens and similar gender performers.[7]
Big hair became popular in the 1980s for men as well as for women. The term is also used in the glam rock, hair metal, goth and alternative cultures and is particularly associated with fashion of the 1980s, or inspired by the period.[5] From these origins, big hair became a feature of a number of Japanese street and alternative fashions, including Harajuku and ganguro.[8] In the early 1980s, Brooke Shields became a dominant force in the fashion trend after becoming a teen model in 1980. She has appeared in numerous magazine covers with different styles of long and big hair, making her one of the most influential fashion icons of the early 1980s.[9] In the mid-1980s, rising pop star Madonna sported big hair when photographed by Francesco Scavullo for Time. Soon, many women emulated her look, making her one of the most iconic celebrities in 1980s fashion.[10][11]
Techniques
[edit]Depending on the specific style, hairstyles in the big hair categories may require a number of styling, cutting, or treatment techniques. Styling of punk and alternative big hair styles often requires backcombing (teasing) and the liberal application of styling aids such as hair spray, hair mousse, or hair gel, often in combination with the use of hair dryers. Crimping irons, perms, hair rollers, or other techniques may also be required.[5]
Naturally voluminous hair
[edit]
Many people of various ethnicities throughout the world have naturally voluminous hair. For these people, "big hair" is not a deliberate fashion statement requiring any particular technique to achieve, but rather the default state of their hair. Some 60 percent of the world's population has naturally curly hair, which tends to be more voluminous than straight hair.[12]
Big hair is seen as artificial or trendy by some people. This has often led to misunderstandings and even discrimination based on hair texture. In 2013, for example, 12-year-old Vanessa VanDyke was threatened with expulsion for wearing her hair in its natural state. School officials claimed her voluminous hair was a "distraction".[13] In some East or Southeast Asian communities where the majority of people have straight hair, voluminous curly or afro-textured hair may also be seen as an oddity.[14][15]
Big Hair, Don't Care, a children's book by Crystal Swain-Bates and Megan Bair, was published by Goldest Karat Publishing in 2013. The book is designed to improve self-esteem and confidence among children with naturally voluminous hair.[16]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Big hair", entry in Merriam-Webster Online, accessed March 23, 2010.
- ^ "Hair Through History: 9 Hairstyles that Defined the 1960s". Beauty Launchpad. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
- ^ Boldrini, Giovanna (August 26, 2014). "7 Big-Haired Beauties Of The 60s and 70s Will Make You Yearn For The Past!!". littlethings.com. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ Oliver, Dana (October 9, 2013). "1960s Hair Icons Who Taught Us Everything About Big Hair". HuffPost. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ a b c Innes-Smith, James (2003). Bad hair. Henrietta Webb (1st U.S. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 1-58234-329-2. OCLC 50729398.
- ^ Skip Hollandsworth, "Hooray for Big Hair", Texas Monthly, December 1992, pp. 122 et. seq.
- ^ Bell, Shannon (1993). "Kate Bornstein: A Transgender Transsexual Postmodern Tiresias". In Kroker, Arthur; Kroker, Marilouise (eds.). The Last Sex: Feminism and outlaw bodies (PDF). New World Perspectives. pp. 120–140. ISBN 0-920393-37-3. OCLC 28496452.
- ^ Tiffany Godoy and Ivan Vartanian, Style Deficit Disorder: Harajuku Street Fashion - Tokyo (Chronicle Books, 2007; ISBN 0-8118-5796-4)
- ^ O'Neill, Catherine Q. (August 21, 2014). "Brooke Shields's Beauty Evolution". Allure. Archived from the original on August 5, 2016.
- ^ Skow, John (May 27, 1985). "Show Business: Madonna Rocks the Land". Time. Vol. 125, no. 21. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013.
- ^ Whacker, Pud (May 14, 2013). "Pud Whacker's Madonna Scrapbook: Bella Madonna". madonnascrapbook.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
- ^ "The Curly Hair Gene: Fact or Fiction?". Naturally Curly.
- ^ "Florida school threatens to expel student over 'natural hair'". MSNBC. November 26, 2013.
- ^ Sintumuang, Kevin (November 12, 2006). "The Curly Cue". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Social Experiment: The Superficiality of the Chinese Culture". Chocolate Chick in China: The Adventures of an English Teacher in China. April 9, 2015.
- ^ Swain-Bates, Crystal; Bair, Megan (2013). Big Hair, Don't Care. Goldest Karat Publishing. ISBN 9781939509109.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Big hair.