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A V16 engine is a sixteen-cylinder piston engine where two banks of eight cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V16 engines are less common than engines with fewer cylinders, such as V8 and V12 engines. Each bank of a V16 engine can be thought of as a straight-eight, a design that can be inherently balanced. Most V16 engines have a 45° bank angle.

The first use of a V16 engine was in the 1910 Antoinette VII experimental aircraft, followed by several cars in the 1930s. Today, the most common applications for V16 engines are railroad locomotives, marine craft, and stationary power generators.

Automotive applications

Production cars

The first production car to use a V16 engine was the Cadillac V-16, introduced in January 1930. The Cadillac V16 engine was initially produced with a displacement of 452 cu in (7.4 L), OHV and a V-angle of 45 degrees. For the 1938 Series 90, the engine was revised to a displacement of 431 cu in (7,062.8 cm³), a flathead valvetrain and a V-angle of 135 degrees (the latter in order to achieve a lower cowl height). This 431 cu. in. version produced as much power as its immediate predecessor while being far less complex, had a stiffer crankshaft that aided durability and smoothness, and even had an external oil filter, a rarity for any car at any price in those days.

The Marmon Motor Car Company actually began development of a V16 engine in 1927 (earlier than Cadillac). Its development program took longer, however, and the Marmon Sixteen was released in 1931. This engine had a V-angle of 45 degrees, used pressed steel cylinder liners and was constructed mostly of aluminium. Only 400 Marmon Sixteens were produced between 1931 and 1933. In 1991, the Cizeta-Moroder V16T began production, featuring a 16-cylinder engine in a unique configuration. Rather than a conventional V16 layout, the engine was actually two separate transversely mounted V8 engines with gearing between the two providing a single output from the centre of the engine assembly to the transmission. Only a few cars were produced before the company ceased operations. In June 2024, Bugatti unveiled the successor to the Chiron (which has a W16 Engine), the Tourbillon, which houses a V16 8.3L (506 cu in) hybrid powertrain co-developed with Cosworth.^[1]

Prototype cars

The Peerless Motor Company developed a V16 engine in the early 1930s, yet just a single prototype was built before all automobile production ceased and the company converted its factory into a brewery following the end of Prohibition in the United States.^[2]

In the late 1980s, the BMW Goldfish V16 6.7 L (409 cu in) engine was developed, based on BMW's then-new V12 engine. Prototypes were fitted to a long-wheelbase 7 Series and then in the early 1990s to a Bentley Mulsanne. At around the same time, Mercedes-Benz developed a 8.0 L (488 cu in) V16 engine for the S-class limousine. Between 1988 and 1990, approximately 35 prototypes were built.^[3]

The 2003 Cadillac Sixteen concept car was unveiled with a 13.6 L (830 cu in) V16 engine, which was based on the General Motors LS V8 engines.^[4] The following year, the Rolls-Royce 100EX concept car was unveiled with a 9.0 L (549 cu in) V16 engine. The car featured in the film Johnny English Reborn is powered by this V16 engine.

The 2017 Devel Sixteen Prototype used a quad-turbo 12.3 L (751 cu in) V16 engine.^[5]

Racing cars

1934 Auto Union Type A

Auto Union Type A

Problems playing this file? See media help.

The first known use of a V16 in motor racing was the Maserati Tipo V4 car used in Grand Prix racing.^[6] The Tipo V4 debuted at Monza in 1929 and achieved a world speed record of 245.9 km/h (152.8 mph) at an event in Cremona, Italy.^[7]

At the 1931 Indianapolis 500, a custom-built V16 engine was fitted to a Cord "supercar" driven by Shorty Cantlon. The car was competitive, charging from 26th on the grid to 3rd, but was slowed by unreliability, further exacerbated by having to change all sixteen spark plugs. The following year, Bryan Saulpaugh qualified the car in third position. The car suffered a broken oil line on lap 55 and their race was over. Shortly after the race the V16 was removed and replaced with a conventional Miller four-cylinder engine.^[8]

The mid-engined Auto Union Type A, Type B and Type C Grand Prix cars of 1933 to 1938 were powered by supercharged 4.4 L (269 cu in) engines. Due to a rule change in 1938, these were replaced by a V12 engine for the Type D racing car. Prior to this rule change, the Alfa Romeo Tipo 316 competed at the 1938 Tripoli Grand Prix powered by a 60-degree V16 engine, and in 1939 an unusual 135-degree V16 engine was installed in the Alfa Romeo Tipo 162.^[9]

The only known use of a V16 engine in the post-World War II era is the British Racing Motors (BRM) V16 engine used in Formula One racing from 1950 to 1955. The engine was a 1.5 L (91 cu in) supercharged design, which was unsuccessful despite its high power output. Officially, it produced 410 kW (550 hp) but probably delivered around 450 kW (600 hp).^[10] The car was difficult to drive, due to the power band being in a narrow range and at high RPM.

Marine / rail applications

The V16 configuration is also used in several large displacement diesel engines that are used as marine engines or in rail locomotives. This is due to manufacturers often designing an engine around a fixed displacement per cylinder, then adding additional cylinders to the design until the required power output is achieved. For example, the Electro-Motive Diesel 710 engine range uses a displacement of 710 cu in (11.6 L) per cylinder, with the 16 cylinder version (called the EMD 16-710) producing over 4,300 hp (3.2 MW).

GE Transportation produces the 7FD Series four-stroke engines (used in marine, locomotive, and stationary applications), which have a displacement of 668 cu in (10.9 L) per cylinder and can produce over 4,400 hp (3.3 MW). GE also manufactures the GEVO-16, which produces over 6,000 hp (4.47 MW).

Another V16 diesel engine is the Wärtsilä 46F, which produces over 25,700 hp (19.2 MW) at 600 rpm.^[11]

In the UK from 1947 onwards, English Electric's subsidiary English Electric diesel engines^[12] developed a V16 engine for rail and marine use based on its 10" bore x 12" stroke (254mm x 305mm) K series from the 1930s, notably used in British Railways class 40 and 50 locomotives with power output in the range 2000-3000 hp (1492-2238 kW) at speeds ranging from 600 to 900 rpm. This engine too derives from a series based on a fixed cylinder size of 942 cu.in. (15.4 L) per cylinder, giving the V16 a total capacity of 15,072 cu.in. (246 L).

Another notable maker to offer the V16 configuration was Detroit Diesel corporation, especially in their 71, 92 and 149 series 2-stroke diesel engines, with output ranging from around 650 to over 2400 bhp (485-1790 kW) at speeds over 2000 rpm in the smaller ranges. Once again these engines were based on common parts (the numeric designation is the cylinder size in cubic inches) and were used for maritime, generator and off-road mine truck applications. The modular nature of the engines meant that the V16 configuration was built by putting together two V8 engine blocks and the 2-stroke cycle offered excellent power to weight, with the 16V149 being capable of equalling the output of much larger, slower-running 4-stroke engines.

Aircraft applications

The 1910 version of the Antoinette VII was powered by a V16 engine and competed in the 1910 Gordon Bennett Cup in the United States.^[13]

The 1930s Hindenburg airships were each powered by four Daimler-Benz DB 602 V16 diesel engines.

In the first half of the 20th century, several prototype aircraft used V16 engines, including:

1907 prototype designed by Antoinette engineer Léon Levavasseur.^{[citation needed]}
Duesenberg developed a V16 engine for use in military aircraft in the mid 1910s. World War I ended prior to the engine being tested in an aircraft.^[14]
The Chrysler IV-2220 inverted V16 engine began development in 1939, when Chrysler was contracted by the United States government to create a new engine for use in fighter aircraft. The resulting engine was rated at 2,500 hp (1,900 kW),^{[citation needed]}, however it took until June 1945 for the engine to be in a state ready for testing. A prototype engine was installed in a P-47 Thunderbolt (designated the XP-47H),^[15] which achieved a top speed of 504 mph (811 km/h). World War II ended shortly after the tests, therefore development of the engine ceased.

References

^ "2026 Bugatti Tourbillon: This Is It". Motor1.com. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
^ Georgano, G. N., ed. (1971). Encyclopedia of American Automobiles (2nd ed.). London: Rainbird Reference Books. pp. 153–154. ISBN 0-525-097929.
^ "Кабанчик с V16 (Mercedes-Benz S800)". www.pikabu.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 22 July 2020.
^ "First Drive: Cadillac Sixteen". www.motortrend.com. 4 August 2003. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
^ Perez, Jeff. "5,000-HP Devel Sixteen Could Debut In Dubai With Working Engine". www.motor1.com. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
^ "A history of innovation". www.maserati.com. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
^ "The Short and Intruiging History of V-16 and W-16 engines". TopSpeed.com. 29 June 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
^ 1931 Miller V16 Racing Car Archived 2009-07-12 at the Wayback Machine, RM Auctions, Retrieved 2010-06-14
^ "ALFA ROMEO TIPO 162". alfaklub.dk. Archived from the original on 2008-06-01. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
^ Nye, Doug (2003). BRM: Front Engined Cars, 1945-1960. Volume 1. Motor Racing Publications. ISBN 0-947981-37-3.
^ "Wärtsilä 46F - diesel engine". Wartsila.com.
^ "English Electric Diesel Engines - Graces Guide". www.gracesguide.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
^ Hartmann Gerard (2007-08-05). "Les moteurs et aéroplanes Antoinette" [Antoinette engines and aeroplanes] (PDF) (in French). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-14. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
^ Thomas, Dave (2009-05-24). "Duesenberg V16 Aircraft Engine". PBase.com. Retrieved 2017-07-14.
^ "IV-2220 at Walter P. Chrysler Museum, Auburn Hills, Michigan". Enginehistory.org. Retrieved 2011-11-25.

[1] "2026 Bugatti Tourbillon: This Is It". Motor1.com. Retrieved 2024-06-21.

[2] Georgano, G. N., ed. (1971). Encyclopedia of American Automobiles (2nd ed.). London: Rainbird Reference Books. pp. 153–154. ISBN 0-525-097929.

[3] "Кабанчик с V16 (Mercedes-Benz S800)". www.pikabu.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[4] "First Drive: Cadillac Sixteen". www.motortrend.com. 4 August 2003. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[5] Perez, Jeff. "5,000-HP Devel Sixteen Could Debut In Dubai With Working Engine". www.motor1.com. Retrieved 3 June 2020.

[6] "A history of innovation". www.maserati.com. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[7] "The Short and Intruiging History of V-16 and W-16 engines". TopSpeed.com. 29 June 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[8] 1931 Miller V16 Racing Car Archived 2009-07-12 at the Wayback Machine, RM Auctions, Retrieved 2010-06-14

[alfaklub.dk-9] "ALFA ROMEO TIPO 162". alfaklub.dk. Archived from the original on 2008-06-01. Retrieved 2007-12-18.

[10] Nye, Doug (2003). BRM: Front Engined Cars, 1945-1960. Volume 1. Motor Racing Publications. ISBN 0-947981-37-3.

[Wärtsilä_46F-11] "Wärtsilä 46F - diesel engine". Wartsila.com.

[12] "English Electric Diesel Engines - Graces Guide". www.gracesguide.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-14.

[MoteursEtAeroplans-13] Hartmann Gerard (2007-08-05). "Les moteurs et aéroplanes Antoinette" [Antoinette engines and aeroplanes] (PDF) (in French). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-14. Retrieved 2009-11-08.

[DaveThomas-14] Thomas, Dave (2009-05-24). "Duesenberg V16 Aircraft Engine". PBase.com. Retrieved 2017-07-14.

[15] "IV-2220 at Walter P. Chrysler Museum, Auburn Hills, Michigan". Enginehistory.org. Retrieved 2011-11-25.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Type of engine}}
-{{Unreferenced|date=September 2007}}
-[[Image:1933MarmonV16-engine.jpg|thumb|270px|1933 Marmon V16 engine.]]
+[[Image:1933MarmonV16-engine.jpg|thumb|1933 [[Marmon Motor Car Company|Marmon]] automotive engine.]]
+A '''V16 engine''' is a sixteen-cylinder [[Internal combustion engine#Reciprocating engines|piston engine]] where two banks of eight cylinders are arranged in a [[V engine|V configuration]] around a common crankshaft. V16 engines are less common than engines with fewer cylinders, such as V8 and V12 engines. Each bank of a V16 engine can be thought of as a [[straight-eight engine|straight-eight]], a design that can be inherently [[engine balance|balanced]]. Most V16 engines have a 45° bank angle.
-A '''V16 engine''' is a [[V engine|vee engine]] with 16 [[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]]s. Engines of this number of cylinders are not common.
+The first use of a V16 engine was in the 1910 [[Antoinette VII]] experimental aircraft, followed by several cars in the 1930s. Today, the most common applications for V16 engines are railroad locomotives, marine craft, and stationary power generators.
-A V16 engine is perfectly balanced regardless of the V angle without requiring counter-rotating [[balance shaft|balancing shafts]] which are necessary on large [[Straight-4]] or counterweighted crankshaft like the 90° [[V8]]. In addition angles of 45° and 135° vees are optimal solutions, for even-firing and non-split [[crankshaft]] [[Journal (mechanical device)|journal]]s.
+== Automotive applications ==
-V16s have been used in certain, very few, luxury and high-performance [[automobile]]s, mostly for their smoothness (low vibration), since it is easy to make a V8 or [[V12]] as large and powerful as desired in an automotive application, especially with automatic [[gearbox]]es. Greater numbers of cylinders are also perceived as a [[status symbol]].
+=== Production cars ===
-==Automotive history==
+[[File:Cadillac452engine.jpg|thumb|right|Early 1930s [[Cadillac V16 engine]] ]]
-===Consumer automobiles===
-[[Marmon|Howard Marmon]] had begun working on the world's first V16 engine in [[1927]], but was unable to complete the production '''Sixteen''' model until [[1931]]. By that time, [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] had already introduced their [[Cadillac V16|V16]], designed by ex-Marmon engineer [[Owen Nacker]]. [[Peerless]], too, was developing a V16 with help from another ex-Marmon engineer, [[James Bohannon]].
-The [[Cadillac V16|Series 452]] was the most exclusive model of the marque from January [[1930]] until [[1940]], with [[Cadillac V16 engine|this type]] of engine. Two varieties were built. From 1930 to [[1937]], Cadillac used a 452&nbsp;in³ (7.4&nbsp;L), OHV motor with a 45° V. For [[1938]], a new 431&nbsp;in³ (7.1&nbsp;L) design was introduced for the [[Cadillac V16#1938-1940|Series 90]], with a [[flathead]] valvetrain and an angle of 135°; this resulted in a much lower [[cowl height]]. The 431 was in many ways a superior engine, producing as much power as its immediate predecessor while being far less complex, had a stiffer crankshaft which aided durability and smoothness, and even had an external oil filter, a rarity for any car at any price in those days. However, it was never as popular or highly regarded as its 452ci predecessor.
+The first production car to use a V16 engine was the [[Cadillac V-16]], introduced in January 1930. The [[Cadillac V16 engine]] was initially produced with a displacement of {{convert|452|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}}, [[overhead valve engine|OHV]] and a V-angle of 45 degrees. For the 1938 [[Cadillac V16#1938–1940|Series 90]], the engine was revised to a displacement of {{convert|431|cuin|1|abbr=on}}, a [[flathead engine|flathead valvetrain]] and a V-angle of 135 degrees (the latter in order to achieve a lower cowl height). This 431&nbsp;cu. in. version produced as much power as its immediate predecessor while being far less complex, had a stiffer crankshaft that aided durability and smoothness, and even had an external oil filter, a rarity for any car at any price in those days.
-By contrast, the [[Marmon]] Sixteen was a 45° engine made almost entirely of [[aluminum]]. Like modern engines, it used pressed steel cylinder liners. Just 400 Marmon Sixteens were produced between 1931 and [[1933]].
+The [[Marmon Motor Car Company]] actually began development of a V16 engine in 1927 (earlier than Cadillac). Its development program took longer, however, and the ''Marmon Sixteen'' was released in 1931. This engine had a V-angle of 45 degrees, used pressed steel [[cylinder liner]]s and was constructed mostly of aluminium. Only 400 Marmon Sixteens were produced between 1931 and 1933.
+In 1991, the [[Cizeta-Moroder V16T]] began production, featuring a 16-cylinder engine in a unique configuration. Rather than a conventional V16 layout, the engine was actually two separate [[transverse engine|transversely mounted]] V8 engines with gearing between the two providing a single output from the centre of the engine assembly to the transmission. Only a few cars were produced before the company ceased operations. In June 2024, [[Bugatti Automobiles|Bugatti]] unveiled the successor to the [[Bugatti Chiron|Chiron]] (which has a [[W16 engine|W16 Engine]]), the  [[Bugatti Tourbillon|Tourbillon]], which houses a V16 8.3L (506 cu in) hybrid powertrain co-developed with [[Cosworth]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Bugatti Tourbillon: This Is It |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/723757/2026-bugatti-tourbillion-debut-specs/ |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=Motor1.com |language=en}}</ref>
+=== Prototype cars ===
-In [[1988]], a joint business venture between [[Claudio Zampolli]] and musician [[Giorgio Moroder]] produced the [[Cizeta-Moroder V16T]] which featured a 16 cylinder engine in a unique configuration, but which was not a true V16.  Rather, the engine was made up of two [[V8#Cross-plane and flat-plane|flat plane]] [[V8 engine|V8s]], mounted [[transverse engine|transversely]], with [[gear]]ing between the two providing a single output from the center of the engine assembly to the [[longitudinal engine|longitudinal]] [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]]. It began production in [[1991]] but only a few cars were produced before the company closed its doors for good.
+[[File:1932_Peerless.jpg|thumb|right|1932 [[Peerless Motor Company|Peerless]] Sixteen prototype]]
+The [[Peerless Motor Company]] developed a V16 engine in the early 1930s, yet just a single prototype was built before all automobile production ceased and the company converted its factory into a brewery following [[Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution|the end of Prohibition in the United States]].<ref>Georgano, G. N., ed. (1971). Encyclopedia of American Automobiles (2nd ed.). London: Rainbird Reference Books. pp. 153–154. {{ISBN|0-525-097929}}.</ref>
+In the late 1980s, the [[BMW Goldfish V16]] {{convert|6.7|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} engine was developed, based on BMW's then-new V12 engine. Prototypes were fitted to a long-wheelbase 7 Series and then in the early 1990s to a [[Bentley Mulsanne (1980–1992)|Bentley Mulsanne]]. At around the same time, Mercedes-Benz developed a {{convert|8.0|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} V16 engine for the S-class limousine. Between 1988 and 1990, approximately 35 prototypes were built.<ref>{{cite web |title=Кабанчик с V16 (Mercedes-Benz S800) |url=https://pikabu.ru/story/kabanchik_s_v16_mercedesbenz_s800_5532173 |website=www.pikabu.ru |access-date=22 July 2020 |language=ru}}</ref>
-Cadillac revived the V16 concept in [[2003]] with a [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] [[concept car]], the [[Cadillac Sixteen]]. This car used a 1000 [[horsepower|hp]] (750 [[kW]]) OHV V16.
+The 2003 [[Cadillac Sixteen]] concept car was unveiled with a {{convert|13.6|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} V16 engine, which was based on the General Motors LS V8 engines.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Drive: Cadillac Sixteen |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/112_0308_cadillac_sixteen/ |website=www.motortrend.com |date=4 August 2003 |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref> The following year, the [[Rolls-Royce 100EX]] concept car was unveiled with a {{convert|9.0|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} V16 engine. The car featured in the film ''[[Johnny English Reborn]]'' is powered by this V16 engine.
-[[BMW]] also experimented with a V-16, eventually showing a 9-liter version in the [[Rolls-Royce 100EX]] concept car, but it has been changed to a v12 for production and size reasons.
+The 2017 [[Devel Sixteen|Devel Sixteen Prototype]] used a quad-turbo {{convert|12.3|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} V16 engine.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Perez |first1=Jeff |title=5,000-HP Devel Sixteen Could Debut In Dubai With Working Engine |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/186075/devel-sixteen-hypercar-debut-dubai/ |website=www.motor1.com |access-date=3 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
-=== Racing ===
+=== Racing cars ===
-<!--  Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:autounionv16.jpg|thumb|right|Cover of Road & Track magazine showing Auto Union V16 engine in chassis]] -->
+[[File:1930 Maserati V4 16-cylinder engine.jpg|thumb|right|A 22.5-degree [[Maserati Tipo V4|Maserati V4]] 16-cylinder engine]]
+[[File:AutoUnion16Zyl.jpg|thumb|right|[[Auto Union racing car|Auto Union Type C]] engine]]
+{{Listen|filename=Auto Union Type A (1934).ogg|title=1934 Auto Union Type A|description=Auto Union Type A}}
+The first known use of a V16 in motor racing was the [[Maserati Tipo V4]] car used in Grand Prix racing.<ref>{{cite web |title=A history of innovation |url=https://www.maserati.com/ma/fr/marque/OLD-history-innovations |website=www.maserati.com |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref> The Tipo V4 debuted at Monza in 1929 and achieved a world speed record of {{convert|152.8|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} at an event in Cremona, Italy.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Short and Intruiging History of V-16 and W-16 engines |url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/the-short-and-intriguing-history-of-v-16-and-w-16-engines/ |website=TopSpeed.com |date=29 June 2020 |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref>
-In [[auto racing]], the V16 was used in [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] by the mid-engined [[Auto Union]]s that rivalled the [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] from [[1933]] to [[1938]].
+At the [[1931 Indianapolis 500]], a custom-built V16 engine was fitted to a [[Cord (automobile)|Cord]] "supercar" driven by Shorty Cantlon. The car was competitive, charging from 26th on the grid to 3rd, but was slowed by unreliability, further exacerbated by having to change all sixteen spark plugs. The following year, Bryan Saulpaugh qualified the car in third position. The car suffered a broken oil line on lap 55 and their race was over. Shortly after the race the V16 was removed and replaced with a conventional Miller four-cylinder engine.<ref>[http://www.rmauctions.com/featurecars.cfm?SaleCode=MO09&CarID=r207&fc=0 1931 Miller V16 Racing Car] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712071351/http://www.rmauctions.com/FeatureCars.cfm?SaleCode=MO09 |date=2009-07-12 }}, ''RM Auctions'', Retrieved 2010-06-14</ref>
-It has only been used once in the post WWII era, by [[British Racing Motors|BRM]].  Most unusually, this was a 135° V 1.5&nbsp;L [[supercharger|supercharged]] powerplant.  This engine was a failure despite being powerful—officially, it produced 550&nbsp;hp (410.1&nbsp;kW) but likely delivered around 600&nbsp;hp.
+The mid-engined [[Auto Union racing car|Auto Union]] ''Type A'', ''Type B'' and ''Type C'' Grand Prix cars of 1933 to 1938 were powered by supercharged {{convert|4.4|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} engines. Due to a rule change in 1938, these were replaced by a V12 engine for the ''Type D'' racing car. Prior to this rule change, the [[Alfa Romeo Tipo 316]] competed at the 1938 Tripoli Grand Prix powered by a 60-degree V16 engine, and in 1939 an unusual 135-degree V16 engine was installed in the [[Alfa Romeo Tipo 162]].<ref name="alfaklub.dk">{{cite web|url=http://www.alfaklub.dk/_kb_mthclassic_2001_1.html|title=ALFA ROMEO TIPO 162|access-date=2007-12-18|work=alfaklub.dk |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080601033405/http://www.alfaklub.dk/_kb_mthclassic_2001_1.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-06-01}}</ref>
-With such a small [[engine displacement|displacement]] The [[BRM British Racing Motors V16|BRM V16]] delivered this power in a narrow, very lofty, RPM range.  This made the car difficult to handle, but the sound made by the small 16 cylinders has been described as 'unforgettable.'  This problem was exacerbated because of the supercharging system adopted, for expediency BRM chose it to be designed by [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce]], drawing on their aircraft engines war experience, which used a two-speed centrifugal supercharger.  Centrifugal superchargers are much more efficient than the more conspicuous Roots type, but, since centrifugal superchargers only deliver high pressure in a very narrow RPM band, even the Rolls-Royce designed two-speed gearbox used to move the supercharger was not enough to usefully broaden the power band.
+The only known use of a V16 engine in the post-World War II era is the [[British Racing Motors V16|British Racing Motors (BRM) V16 engine]] used in Formula One racing from 1950 to 1955. The engine was a {{convert|91|cuin|L|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} supercharged design, which was unsuccessful despite its high power output. Officially, it produced {{convert|550|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} but probably delivered around {{convert|600|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref>Nye, Doug (2003). BRM: Front Engined Cars, 1945-1960. Volume 1. Motor Racing Publications. {{ISBN|0-947981-37-3}}.</ref> The car was difficult to drive, due to the power band being in a narrow range and at high RPM.
-Another major problem with the BRM V.16 was its dual ignition system - making it likely that the engine would be running on 4 or 8 or 12 cylinders for parts of the same lap.  Another issue was the way in which the engine was installed, canted across the car in the horizontal plane alongside the driver; more than one driver finished or retired from race or testing with burns. At least one of the BRM cars survives and many of its problems would be solved by fitting modern solid-state ignition components.
+{{clear}}
-== Other applications ==
+== Marine / rail applications ==
+[[Image:MGO V16 BSHR.jpg|thumb|Tampella MGO engine in a [[VR Class Dv12]] locomotive]]
-Another use for the V16 powerplant is in large [[diesel engine]]s.  Here, manufacturers tend to work with a common [[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] size across a wide range of engines, and size the engine by the number of cylinders for different power requirements.  Thus, many users of large diesel engines such as railroad [[locomotive]]s use V16 powerplants, including many EMD ([[Electro-Motive Diesel]], Inc., formerly a GM division} locomotives.  They are also popular for marine applications and for large emergency generator sets (which frequently use available marine engines, since weight is unimportant).
+{{more citations needed section|small=yes|date=July 2020}}
+The V16 configuration is also used in several large displacement [[diesel engine]]s that are used as marine engines or in rail [[locomotive]]s. This is due to manufacturers often designing an engine around a fixed displacement per [[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]], then adding additional cylinders to the design until the required power output is achieved. For example, the [[EMD 710|Electro-Motive Diesel 710]] engine range uses a displacement of {{convert|710|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} per cylinder, with the 16 cylinder version (called the ''EMD 16-710'') producing over {{convert|4300|hp|MW|abbr=on}}.
-In [[1939]] [[Chrysler]] was contracted by the US government to create a new engine for use in fighter aircraft.  Chrysler responded
-by designing an inverted V16.  They tried many designs before choosing a design with a hemispherical combustion chambered [[Overhead valve|OHV]] head.  The big V16 was rated at 2500&nbsp;hp.  It was finally tested in June of [[1945]].  It was installed in the [[P-47 Thunderbolt]] in place of a [[radial engine]].  This airplane was designated the XP47H.  The change in engine and aerodynamics increased the top speed from 439&nbsp;mph to 504&nbsp;mph. The war ended shortly, and the hemi V16 was never [[mass-produced]], although the basic design and [[valvetrain]] setup live on in today's [[Hemi]] [[V8]]s.
+[[GE Transportation]] produces the ''7FD Series'' four-stroke engines (used in marine, locomotive, and stationary applications), which have a displacement of {{convert|668|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} per cylinder and can produce over {{convert|4400|hp|MW|abbr=on}}. GE also manufactures the GEVO-16, which produces over {{convert|6000|hp|MW|2|abbr=on}}.
+Another V16 diesel engine is the ''[[Wärtsilä]] 46F'', which produces over {{convert|25,700|hp|MW|1|abbr=on}} at 600 rpm.<ref name="Wärtsilä 46F">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wartsila.com/marine/build/engines-and-generating-sets/diesel-engines/wartsila-46f|title=Wärtsilä 46F - diesel engine|website=Wartsila.com}}</ref>
+In the UK from 1947 onwards, [[English Electric]]'s subsidiary [[English Electric diesel engines]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=English Electric Diesel Engines - Graces Guide|url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/English_Electric_Diesel_Engines|access-date=2020-10-14|website=www.gracesguide.co.uk}}</ref> developed a V16 engine for rail and marine use based on its 10" bore x 12" stroke (254mm x 305mm) K series from the 1930s, notably used in [[British Rail]]ways class [[British Rail Class 40|40]] and [[British Rail Class 50|50]] locomotives with power output in the range 2000-3000&nbsp;hp (1492-2238&nbsp;kW) at speeds ranging from 600 to 900 rpm. This engine too derives from a series based on a fixed cylinder size of 942 cu.in. (15.4 L) per cylinder, giving the V16 a total capacity of 15,072 cu.in. (246 L).
+Another notable maker to offer the V16 configuration was [[Detroit Diesel]] corporation, especially in their 71, 92 and 149 series [[Two-stroke engine|2-stroke]] diesel engines, with output ranging from around 650 to over 2400&nbsp;bhp (485-1790&nbsp;kW) at speeds over 2000 rpm in the smaller ranges.  Once again these engines were based on common parts (the numeric designation is the cylinder size in cubic inches) and were used for maritime, generator and off-road mine truck applications.  The modular nature of the engines meant that the V16 configuration was built by putting together two V8 engine blocks and the 2-stroke cycle offered excellent power to weight, with the 16V149 being capable of equalling the output of much larger, slower-running 4-stroke engines.
+[[Fairbanks Morse]] manufactures the following V16 diesel engines, FM | [[ALCO 251]]F, FM | COLT-PIELSTICK PA6B STC, FM | COLT-PIELSTICK PC2.5 STC, FM | MAN 28/33D STC, FM | MAN 32/44CR, FM | MAN 48/60 CR and the FM | MAN 175D.
+== Aircraft applications  ==
+[[File:Antoinette latham.jpg|thumb|[[Antoinette VII]] experimental aircraft]]
+The 1910 version of the [[Antoinette VII]] was powered by a V16 engine and competed in the 1910 [[Gordon Bennett Trophy (aeroplanes)|Gordon Bennett Cup]] in the United States.<ref name="MoteursEtAeroplans">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydroretro.net/etudegh/antoinette.pdf|title=Les moteurs et aéroplanes Antoinette|author=Hartmann Gerard|date=2007-08-05|language=fr|trans-title=Antoinette engines and aeroplanes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214235209/http://www.hydroretro.net/etudegh/antoinette.pdf|archive-date=2014-12-14|access-date=2009-11-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+The 1930s [[Hindenburg-class airship|Hindenburg airships]] were each powered by four [[Daimler-Benz DB 602]] V16 diesel engines.
+In the first half of the 20th century, several prototype aircraft used V16 engines, including:
+* 1907 prototype designed by [[Antoinette (manufacturer)|Antoinette]] engineer [[Léon Levavasseur]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
+* [[Duesenberg]] developed a V16 engine for use in military aircraft in the mid 1910s.  World War I ended prior to the engine being tested in an aircraft.<ref name="DaveThomas">{{cite web| url=http://www.pbase.com/dw_thomas/image/113092455| title=Duesenberg V16 Aircraft Engine| first=Dave| last= Thomas| date=2009-05-24| work=PBase.com| access-date=2017-07-14}}</ref>
+* The [[Chrysler IV-2220]] inverted V16 engine began development in 1939, when Chrysler was contracted by the United States government to create a new engine for use in fighter aircraft. The resulting engine was rated at {{convert|2500|hp|kW|abbr=on}},{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}, however it took until June 1945 for the engine to be in a state ready for testing. A prototype engine was installed in a [[P-47 Thunderbolt]] (designated the ''XP-47H''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enginehistory.org/Museums/chrysler.htm |title=IV-2220 at Walter P. Chrysler Museum, Auburn Hills, Michigan |publisher=Enginehistory.org |access-date=2011-11-25 }}</ref> which achieved a top speed of {{convert|504|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. World War II ended shortly after the tests, therefore development of the engine ceased.
+== See also ==
+{{Commons category|V16 engines}}
+* [[Flat-sixteen engine]]
+* [[W16 engine]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 {{Piston engine configurations}}
+{{Authority control}}
+[[Category:V16 engines| ]]
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