Zalavas: Difference between revisions
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{{Redirect|Zulow|the municipality in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in Germany|Zülow}} |
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'''Zalavas''' is a village in [[Lithuania]], on the [[Mera]] river, close to [[Švenčionys]]. According to the 2001 census, it had approximately one hundred and seventy residents. It is the birthplace of [[Józef Piłsudski]], [[Poland|Polish]] Chief of State and Marshal. |
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{{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> |
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|name = Zalavas |
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|settlement_type = Village |
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|image_skyline =Zalavas, gatvė.JPG |
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|image_caption = Street in Zalavas |
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|pushpin_map = Lithuania |
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|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Zalavas |
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|coordinates = {{coord|54|58|N|25|58|E|region:LT|display=inline,title}} |
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|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |
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|subdivision_name = {{LTU}} |
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|subdivision_type2= [[Counties of Lithuania|County]] |
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|subdivision_name2= [[Vilnius County]] |
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|subdivision_type3= [[List of municipalities of Lithuania|Municipality]] |
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|subdivision_name3= [[Švenčionys district municipality]] |
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|subdivision_type4= [[Elderships of Lithuania|Eldership]] |
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|subdivision_name4= Pabradė eldership |
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|established_title= |
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|established_date = |
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|population_total = 140 |
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|population_as_of = 2011 |
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|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]] |
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|utc_offset=+2 |
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|timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] |
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|utc_offset_DST=+3 |
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| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=12 |height=300 |width= | stroke-width=1 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}} |
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}} |
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'''Zalavas''' ({{langx|pl|Zułowo}}, {{langx|be|Зулаў, Zulaŭ}}) is a small village in [[Švenčionys district municipality]], [[Lithuania]]. It is located on the Mera River near the Lithuanian state border with [[Belarus]]. According to the Lithuanian census of 2011, it had 140 residents.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://statistics.bookdesign.lt/table_125_06.htm?lang=en|title=2011 census|publisher=Statistikos Departamentas (Lithuania)|access-date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> It is the birthplace of Marshal [[Józef Piłsudski]], who later became [[Naczelnik Państwa|Chief of State of Poland]]. |
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The village, earlier known under the name of Mieciany, was first mentioned in the late [[17th century]] as the private property of Aleksander Wojna-Jasieniecki, a [[Castellan]] of [[Navahrudak]]. It then passed to the [[Giedraičiai family|Giedraičiai princely family]], and in the [[18th century]] the village was bought by the [[Rurikid]] Ogiński family, one of the notable [[magnate]] clans of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. In the early [[19th century]] the village was inherited by the Michałowskis. As part of the [[dowry]] of Helena Billewicz, it passed to her husband, Antoni Michałowicz, who then bequeathed it to their daughter, Maria. In 1863, after marrying Józef Wincenty Piłsudski, the village became the property of the Piłsudski family. It was there that both their sons were born, [[Bronisław Piłsudski]], on [[November 2]], [[1866]], and [[Józef Piłsudski]], on [[December 5]], [[1867]]. |
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In 1920–1922 the village was located in the [[Republic of Central Lithuania]], and then in [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] until 1939. |
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| ⚫ | In July |
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==History== |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}} |
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=== Grand Duchy of Lithuania === |
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{{coor title dm|54|58|N|25|58|E|region:LT_type:city}} |
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The village's earliest known name is ''Miciūnai''.<ref>Ingrida Semaškaitė. „Lietuvos dvarai“. Enciklopedinis žinynas. – Vilnius, „Algimantas“, 2010. // psl. 471 </ref> At some later point, the name was changed to Zalavas ({{Langx|pl|Zułów}}). The village was first mentioned in the late 17th century as the private property of Aleksander Wojna-Jasieniecki, a [[Castellan]] of [[Navahrudak]]. It then passed to the [[Giedraičiai family|Giedraičiai princely family]], and in the 18th century, the village was bought by the [[Rurikid]] [[Ogiński family]], one of the notable [[magnate]] clans of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. |
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=== Russian Empire === |
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In the early 19th century the village was inherited by the Michałowskis. As part of the [[dowry]] of Helena Michałowska, it passed to her husband, Antoni Billewicz, who then bequeathed it to their daughter, Maria Billewiczówna.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cisek |first=Janusz |date=2009-02-04 |title=Dziecko płci męskiej stanu szlacheckiego|journal=Rzeczpospolita|location=Warsaw|url=http://www.rp.pl/artykul/258727,258749.html|access-date=2010-10-23|language=pl}}</ref> In 1863, after marrying Józef Wincenty Piłsudski, the village became the property of the [[Piłsudski family]]. It was in the manor house located near the village, called Zułów, that both their sons were born, [[Bronisław Piłsudski]], on November 2, 1866, and [[Józef Piłsudski]], on December 5, 1867.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bianchini |first=Stefano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sLIzDwAAQBAJ&dq=Pi%C5%82sudski+Zu%C5%82%C3%B3w+Zu%C5%82owo&pg=PT30 |title=Liquid Nationalism and State Partitions in Europe |date=2017-09-29 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-78643-661-0 |pages=30 |language=en}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In July 1874, the local manor burned down and the family moved to [[Vilnius]]. Soon afterward the family was forced to sell most of their property in Lithuania including Zalavas and nineteen other villages, to pay for legal expenses and fines for Bronisław, who was involved in an [[assassination]] attempt on the life of Tsar [[Alexander III of Russia]]. In 1882 the village was bought by Michał Ogiński, an heir to the [[Ogiński family]] who had owned it in the 18th century. However, as the policies of [[Russification]] of former lands in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] forbade [[Polish people|Poles]] to purchase any real estate, he was forced to sell it to a Russian merchant from [[Riga]] named Klim. The latter sold the village to a certain imperial officer named Kuronosov, who divided the property, sold most of the forests, and was forced to abandon the area in 1915, during [[World War I]]. |
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=== German Empire === |
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The [[German Empire|Germans]] occupied the area in 1916, and most of the remaining forests were cut down.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} |
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=== Second Polish Republic === |
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| ⚫ | In 1920 following the [[Polish–Lithuanian War]], the area became part of the [[Republic of Central Lithuania]]. In 1922, after [[Election in the Republic of Central Lithuania|a disputed election]], Central Lithuania was annexed by the [[Second Polish Republic]], and Zalavas was incorporated into the [[Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)|Wilno Voivodeship]]. Since the former Piłsudski's property had belonged to a Russian official who abandoned it, it was nationalized, and limited to the core of 65 [[hectare]]s, and attached to a military base located nearby. In 1934 an association of veterans of the [[Polish–Soviet War]] purchased it from the army and a committee was created whose aim was to rebuild the manor of Marshal Piłsudski, who by then was regarded by many Poles as the country's national hero. The manor was reconstructed, and officially opened to the public as a museum on October 10, 1937. However, it was destroyed by the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] shortly after the [[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)|Invasion of Poland]] in 1939. An [[oak]] and a memorial stone still mark the location of the former manor. |
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=== Modern Lithuania === |
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According to the [[Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty]] of 1939, Zalavas was returned to Lithuania. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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*{{pl icon}} [http://rzecz-pospolita.com/zulow.php3 ZUŁÓW] |
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== External links == |
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* [http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_VI/326 Mieciany (Zułów)] in the [[Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland]] (1885) {{in lang|pl}} |
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{{Vilnius County}} |
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[[lt:Zalavas]] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[pl:Zułów]] |
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[[pt:Zalavas]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[bat-smg:Zalavs]] |
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[[Category:Józef Piłsudski]] |
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[[Category:Švenčionys District Municipality]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:36, 26 October 2024
Zalavas | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Street in Zalavas | |
  Zalavas Location of Zalavas | |
| Coordinates: 54°58′N 25°58′E / 54.967°N 25.967°E | |
| Country |  Lithuania |
| County | Vilnius County |
| Municipality | Švenčionys district municipality |
| Eldership | Pabradė eldership |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 140 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
 | |
Zalavas (Polish: Zułowo, Belarusian: Зулаў, Zulaŭ) is a small village in Švenčionys district municipality, Lithuania. It is located on the Mera River near the Lithuanian state border with Belarus. According to the Lithuanian census of 2011, it had 140 residents.[1] It is the birthplace of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, who later became Chief of State of Poland.
In 1920–1922 the village was located in the Republic of Central Lithuania, and then in Poland until 1939.
History
[edit] |
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
[edit]The village's earliest known name is Miciūnai.[2] At some later point, the name was changed to Zalavas (Polish: Zułów). The village was first mentioned in the late 17th century as the private property of Aleksander Wojna-Jasieniecki, a Castellan of Navahrudak. It then passed to the Giedraičiai princely family, and in the 18th century, the village was bought by the Rurikid Ogiński family, one of the notable magnate clans of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Russian Empire
[edit]In the early 19th century the village was inherited by the Michałowskis. As part of the dowry of Helena Michałowska, it passed to her husband, Antoni Billewicz, who then bequeathed it to their daughter, Maria Billewiczówna.[3] In 1863, after marrying Józef Wincenty Piłsudski, the village became the property of the Piłsudski family. It was in the manor house located near the village, called Zułów, that both their sons were born, Bronisław Piłsudski, on November 2, 1866, and Józef Piłsudski, on December 5, 1867.[4]
In July 1874, the local manor burned down and the family moved to Vilnius. Soon afterward the family was forced to sell most of their property in Lithuania including Zalavas and nineteen other villages, to pay for legal expenses and fines for Bronisław, who was involved in an assassination attempt on the life of Tsar Alexander III of Russia. In 1882 the village was bought by Michał Ogiński, an heir to the Ogiński family who had owned it in the 18th century. However, as the policies of Russification of former lands in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth forbade Poles to purchase any real estate, he was forced to sell it to a Russian merchant from Riga named Klim. The latter sold the village to a certain imperial officer named Kuronosov, who divided the property, sold most of the forests, and was forced to abandon the area in 1915, during World War I.
German Empire
[edit]The Germans occupied the area in 1916, and most of the remaining forests were cut down.[citation needed]
Second Polish Republic
[edit]In 1920 following the Polish–Lithuanian War, the area became part of the Republic of Central Lithuania. In 1922, after a disputed election, Central Lithuania was annexed by the Second Polish Republic, and Zalavas was incorporated into the Wilno Voivodeship. Since the former Piłsudski's property had belonged to a Russian official who abandoned it, it was nationalized, and limited to the core of 65 hectares, and attached to a military base located nearby. In 1934 an association of veterans of the Polish–Soviet War purchased it from the army and a committee was created whose aim was to rebuild the manor of Marshal Piłsudski, who by then was regarded by many Poles as the country's national hero. The manor was reconstructed, and officially opened to the public as a museum on October 10, 1937. However, it was destroyed by the Soviets shortly after the Invasion of Poland in 1939. An oak and a memorial stone still mark the location of the former manor.
Modern Lithuania
[edit]According to the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty of 1939, Zalavas was returned to Lithuania.
References
[edit]- ^ "2011 census". Statistikos Departamentas (Lithuania). Retrieved August 17, 2017.
- ^ Ingrida Semaškaitė. „Lietuvos dvarai“. Enciklopedinis žinynas. – Vilnius, „Algimantas“, 2010. // psl. 471
- ^ Cisek, Janusz (2009-02-04). "Dziecko płci męskiej stanu szlacheckiego". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). Warsaw. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano (2017-09-29). Liquid Nationalism and State Partitions in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-78643-661-0.
External links
[edit]- Mieciany (Zułów) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1885) (in Polish)
