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{{short description|American natural language programmer and software developer}}{{Infobox person
[[Image:robbygb.jpg|thumb|Robby Garner, circa 2005]]
| name = Robby Garner
⚫
'''Robby Garner''' (b. [[1963]]) is a [[natural language]] programmer and software developer. He won the 1998 and 1999 [[Loebner prize|Loebner Prize]] Contests with the program called [[Albert One]], and is currently living in [[Cedartown, Georgia]] He is listed in the 2001 [[Guinness Book of World Records]] as having written the "most human" computer program. He founded the [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Robitron/ Robitron Yahoo group] in 2002.
| image = Robby Garner.jpg
| caption = Robby Garner, c. 2005
| birth_date = 1963
| birth_place = [[Cedartown]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[United States]]
| occupation = Natural language programmer, software developer
| organizations = Robitron Software Research, Inc.
| known_for = Loebner Prize winner (1998, 1999), "most human" computer program (2001 Guinness Book of World Records)
| notable_works = Albert One, Max Headcold, JFRED
| awards = Loebner Prize (1998, 1999)
}}


⚫
'''Robby Garner''' (born 1963) is an American [[natural language]] programmer and software developer. He won the 1998 and 1999 [[Loebner prize|Loebner Prize]] contests with the program called [[Albert One]]. He is listed in the 2001 [[Guinness Book of World Records]] as having written the "most human" computer program.
Garner considers himself to be a computational behaviorist after the term coined by Dr. Thomas Whalen in 1995. Garner's first attempts at simulating conversation involved collections of internet chat viewed as a sequence of stimuli and responses. The stimulus response model was an inspiration for Dr. Richard S. Wallace's ALICE project.


==Life==
[[Kevin Copple]] of [[Ellaz Systems|EllaZ Systems]] has collaborated with Garner on several projects, including Copple's Ella, for which, Garner contributed voice recordings and music. Garner and Copple believe that intelligence may be built one facet at a time, rather than depending on some general purpose theory to emerge.
A native of [[Cedartown, Georgia]], Robby attended Cedartown High School. He worked in his father's television repair shop and began programming for his family's business at age 15. He was commander of his AFJROTC squadron as a junior in high school, while attending joint-enrollment college classes at the local community college. Forming a software company called Robitron Software Research, Inc.<ref name="tvshop">{{cite web |last=Laven |first=Simon |url=http://www.simonlaven.com/fred.htm |title=Fred by Robby Garner at Robitron Software Research |work=SimonLaven.com |access-date=2015-03-23}}</ref> in 1987 with his father, Robert J. Garner, and his sister Pam, he worked as a software developer until 1997 when he moved to Cedartown. He established his NLP work at this point, and has continued to work with that kind of skillset for narrative story telling and interactive communications.<ref>Caputo, L.; Garner, R. (1998). "The 'Tight-Sponge' method: an applied system for the interaction between humans and intelligent agents". Proceedings International Workshop Speech and Computer. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-23.</ref>


==Early conversational systems==
⚫
Garner competed in six Loebner Prize contests, using the competition as a way to test his prototypes on the judges each year. After winning the contest twice in 1998 and 1999 with his program called [[Albert One]]<ref name="bbc"> BBC News [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/264663.stm "Albert is top talking computer"] ''British Broadcasting Corporation''</ref>, he began collaborating with other software developers in a variety of conversational systems. Having won the contest through incremental improvement to his own system, Garner attributes his success to the same principle that says intelligence may be acquired one facet at a time. <ref name="masters"> Søren Gjellerup Christiansen [http://www.daimi.au.dk/~gjelle/thesis/cdrom/index.html "Techniques applied to pass the Turing Test"] ''Master's Thesis''</ref>
One of the first web chatterbots, named Max Headcold, was written by Garner in 1995. Max served two purposes, to collect data about web chat behavior<ref name="specom">{{cite journal |last1=Caputo |first1=L. |last2=Garner |first2=R. |url=https://getinfo.de/app/D2-6-The-Tight-Sponge-method-an-applied-system/id/BLCP%3ACN056207336 |title=The 'Tight-Sponge' method: an applied system for the interaction between humans and intelligent agents |journal=Proceedings International Workshop Speech and Computer |year=1998 |access-date=2015-03-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120153/https://getinfo.de/app/D2-6-The-Tight-Sponge-method-an-applied-system/id/BLCP%3ACN056207336 |archive-date=2015-04-02 }}</ref> and to entertain customers of the FringeWare online bookstore. This program was eventually implemented as a Java package called JFRED,<ref name="jfred">{{cite book |first1=Luigi |last1=Caputo |first2=Robby |last2=Garner |first3=Paco Xander |last3=Nathan |chapter=FRED, Milton and Barry: the evolution of intelligent agents for the Web |title=Advances in Intelligent Systems |publisher=IOS Press |location=Amsterdam, the Netherlands |year=1997 |isbn=90-5199-355-2 |pages=400–407 }}</ref> written by [[Paco Nathan]] based on the C++ [[Fred (chatterbot)|FRED]] CGI program, and his own influences from Stanford and various corporations. Garner and Nathan took part in the world's largest online Turing test in 1998.<ref name="TWML">{{cite news |first=Roger |last=Highfield |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/03/21/nmega21.html |title=Megalab 98: Thousands are taken in by robotic patter |work=The Telegraph |date=March 21, 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221215631/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1998%2F03%2F21%2Fnmega21.html |archive-date=2007-02-21 |access-date=2015-03-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Their JFRED program was perceived as human by 17% of the participants.


==Philosophy and collaborations==
One of the first web chatterbots, named Max Headcold, was written by Garner in 1995. Max served two purposes, to collect data about web chat behavior, and to entertain customers of the FringeWare online bookstore. This program was eventually implemented as a Java package called JFRED<ref name="jfred">L. Caputo, R. Garner, P. Nathan. [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=304915 "FRED, Milton and Barry: the evolution of intelligent agents for the Web"], Advances in intelligent systems, 1997.
A computational behaviorist after the term coined by Dr. Thomas Whalen in 1995,<ref name="gen5">{{cite web |first=James |last=Mathews |url=http://www.generation5.org/content/2000/garner.asp |title=Robby Glen Garner |year=2000 |work=Generation5.org |access-date=2015-03-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031002021016/http://www.generation5.org/content/2000/garner.asp |archive-date=2003-10-02 }}</ref> Garner's first attempts at simulating conversation involved collections of internet chat viewed as a sequence of stimuli and responses. Kevin Copple of Ellaz Systems has collaborated with Garner on several projects, including Copple's Ella, for which, Garner contributed voice recordings and music. Garner and Copple believe that intelligence may be built one facet at a time, rather than depending on some general purpose theory to emerge.<ref name="ellaz">{{cite web |publisher=EllaZ Systems |url=http://www.ellaz.com/AIV/Developers.aspx |title=Developers & Credits |work=AIVault |access-date=2015-03-23}}</ref>
''portal.acm.org''</ref>, written by [[Paco Nathan]] based on the C++ FRED CGI program, and his own influences from Stanford and various corporations. The JFRED program's personality was called Barry DeFacto.


==Loebner Prize contest==
⚫
Garner's most recent work involves multiple chat bots working under the control of a master control program. Using this technique, the strengths of various web agents may be united under the control of a Java applet or servlet. The control program categorizes stimuli and delegates responses to other programs in a hierarchy. A spin-off of this technique is [[the Turing Hub]]<ref name="hub">Robert Epstein, Gary Roberts and Grace Beber [http://www.springerlink.com/content/n86142187u4024w2/?p=89f94cde8de24aec85e655376c830acd&pi=18&hl=u "The Turing Hub as a Standard for Turing Test Interfaces"], Parsing The Turing Test, 2008. ''Springer''</ref>, an automated [[Turing test]] featuring four of the top Loebner Prize Contest competitors.
⚫
Competing in six [[Loebner Prize]] contests, he used the competition as a way to test his prototypes on the judges each year.<ref name="gen5"/> After winning the contest twice in 1998 and 1999 with his program called [[Albert One]],<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/264663.stm |title=Albert is top talking computer |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=January 28, 1999 |access-date=2015-03-23}}</ref> he began collaborating with other software developers in a variety of conversational systems. Garner created the Robitron Yahoo Group in 2002 as a forum and virtual watering hole for Loebner Prize contest participants and discussion of related topics.

==Current works==
After winning the contest twice, Garner went on to create chat bots for the BBC's show Tomorrow's World, and Megalab for the world's largest Turing test. Viewers of the show rated one bot as 17% human. <ref>Highfield, Roger (March 21, 1998). "Megalab 98: Thousands are taken in by robotic patter". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2007-02-21. Retrieved 2015-03-23.</ref>
⚫
The multifaceted approach,<ref name="multi">{{cite web |first=Robby |last=Garner |url=http://www.robitron.com/Robby/Multifaceted.ppt |title=Multifaceted Conversational Systems |work=Colloquium on Conversational Systems |publisher=University of Surrey |year=2005 |access-date=2015-03-23}}</ref> presented at a colloquium on conversational systems in November 2005, involves multiple chat bots working under the control of a master control program. Using this technique, the strengths of various web agents may be united under the control of a Java applet or servlet. The control program categorizes stimuli and delegates responses to other programs in a hierarchy. A spin-off of this technique is the Turing Hub,<ref name="hub">{{cite book |first=Robby |last=Garner |editor1=Epstein, Robert |editor2=Roberts, Gary |editor3=Beber, Grace Beber |chapter-url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/n86142187u4024w2/?p=89f94cde8de24aec85e655376c830acd&pi=18&hl=u |chapter=The Turing Hub as a Standard for Turing Test Interfaces |title=Parsing The Turing Test |year=2009 |publisher=Springer |pages=319–324 |isbn=978-1-4020-9624-2 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Garner's current work ( 2009, 2010, 2014) focuses on text-only communications and the use of film theory to facilitate story telling, and identification of emotions in human beings. By reducing extraneous channels of information, in text there is enough information to build an empirical measure of semantic fidelity in human-computer communications.<ref>Garner, R. G. (2014). Film Theory and Chatbots. International Journal of Synthetic Emotions (IJSE), 5(1), 17-22. http://doi.org/10.4018/ijse.2014010103</ref><ref>Shah, H., & Warwick, K. (2010). Hidden Interlocutor Misidentification in Practical Turing Tests. Minds and Machines, 20(3), 441–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11023-010-9219-6</ref><ref>Warwick, K. (2009). Emotion in the Turing Test. New Applications in Affective Computing and Artificial Intelligence.</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
* {{annotated link|Rollo Carpenter}}
⚫
* {{annotated link|Richard Wallace (scientist)|Richard Wallace}}


==References==
⚫
* [[Rollo Carpenter]]
{{reflist}}
* [[Kevin Copple]]
* [[Paco Nathan]]
⚫
* Dr [[Richard Wallace (scientist)|Richard Wallace]]


⚫
==External links==
==Notes and references==
* [https://fluxoersted.com/bot/ AI]
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
* [http://simonlaven.com/jfred.htm JFred Chatterbots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824232330/http://simonlaven.com/jfred.htm |date=2008-08-24 }} at ''SimonLaven.com''
* [https://fluxoersted.com/turinghub/ The Turing Hub] at ''FluxOersted.com''


{{authority control}}
⚫
===External links===
* [http://www.turinghub.com The Turing Hub]
* [http://homepage.mac.com/rgarner1/JFRED/ JFRED Open Source Chat Server Project]
* [http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html Loebner Prize]
* [http://www.generation5.org/content/2000/garner.asp Generation5 Interview]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Garner, Robby}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Garner, Robby}}
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[[Category:Natural language processing]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
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[[Category:Artificial intelligence researchers]]
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[[Category:Computational linguistics researchers]]
[[Category:American computer programmers]]
[[Category:American computer programmers]]
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
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[[Category:American artificial intelligence researchers]]
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[[Category:Computational linguistics researchers]]
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[[Category:Natural language processing researchers]]
[[Category:People from Cedartown, Georgia]]

Latest revision as of 10:57, 9 November 2024

Robby Garner
Robby Garner, c. 2005
Born1963
Cedartown, Georgia, United States
Occupation(s)Natural language programmer, software developer
OrganizationsRobitron Software Research, Inc.
Known forLoebner Prize winner (1998, 1999), "most human" computer program (2001 Guinness Book of World Records)
Notable workAlbert One, Max Headcold, JFRED
AwardsLoebner Prize (1998, 1999)

Robby Garner (born 1963) is an American natural language programmer and software developer. He won the 1998 and 1999 Loebner Prize contests with the program called Albert One. He is listed in the 2001 Guinness Book of World Records as having written the "most human" computer program.

Life

[edit]

A native of Cedartown, Georgia, Robby attended Cedartown High School. He worked in his father's television repair shop and began programming for his family's business at age 15. He was commander of his AFJROTC squadron as a junior in high school, while attending joint-enrollment college classes at the local community college. Forming a software company called Robitron Software Research, Inc.[1] in 1987 with his father, Robert J. Garner, and his sister Pam, he worked as a software developer until 1997 when he moved to Cedartown. He established his NLP work at this point, and has continued to work with that kind of skillset for narrative story telling and interactive communications.[2]

Early conversational systems

[edit]

One of the first web chatterbots, named Max Headcold, was written by Garner in 1995. Max served two purposes, to collect data about web chat behavior[3] and to entertain customers of the FringeWare online bookstore. This program was eventually implemented as a Java package called JFRED,[4] written by Paco Nathan based on the C++ FRED CGI program, and his own influences from Stanford and various corporations. Garner and Nathan took part in the world's largest online Turing test in 1998.[5] Their JFRED program was perceived as human by 17% of the participants.

Philosophy and collaborations

[edit]

A computational behaviorist after the term coined by Dr. Thomas Whalen in 1995,[6] Garner's first attempts at simulating conversation involved collections of internet chat viewed as a sequence of stimuli and responses. Kevin Copple of Ellaz Systems has collaborated with Garner on several projects, including Copple's Ella, for which, Garner contributed voice recordings and music. Garner and Copple believe that intelligence may be built one facet at a time, rather than depending on some general purpose theory to emerge.[7]

Loebner Prize contest

[edit]

Competing in six Loebner Prize contests, he used the competition as a way to test his prototypes on the judges each year.[6] After winning the contest twice in 1998 and 1999 with his program called Albert One,[8] he began collaborating with other software developers in a variety of conversational systems. Garner created the Robitron Yahoo Group in 2002 as a forum and virtual watering hole for Loebner Prize contest participants and discussion of related topics.

Current works

[edit]

After winning the contest twice, Garner went on to create chat bots for the BBC's show Tomorrow's World, and Megalab for the world's largest Turing test. Viewers of the show rated one bot as 17% human. [9] The multifaceted approach,[10] presented at a colloquium on conversational systems in November 2005, involves multiple chat bots working under the control of a master control program. Using this technique, the strengths of various web agents may be united under the control of a Java applet or servlet. The control program categorizes stimuli and delegates responses to other programs in a hierarchy. A spin-off of this technique is the Turing Hub,[11]

Garner's current work ( 2009, 2010, 2014) focuses on text-only communications and the use of film theory to facilitate story telling, and identification of emotions in human beings. By reducing extraneous channels of information, in text there is enough information to build an empirical measure of semantic fidelity in human-computer communications.[12][13][14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Laven, Simon. "Fred by Robby Garner at Robitron Software Research". SimonLaven.com. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  2. ^ Caputo, L.; Garner, R. (1998). "The 'Tight-Sponge' method: an applied system for the interaction between humans and intelligent agents". Proceedings International Workshop Speech and Computer. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  3. ^ Caputo, L.; Garner, R. (1998). "The 'Tight-Sponge' method: an applied system for the interaction between humans and intelligent agents". Proceedings International Workshop Speech and Computer. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  4. ^ Caputo, Luigi; Garner, Robby; Nathan, Paco Xander (1997). "FRED, Milton and Barry: the evolution of intelligent agents for the Web". Advances in Intelligent Systems. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: IOS Press. pp. 400–407. ISBN 90-5199-355-2.
  5. ^ Highfield, Roger (March 21, 1998). "Megalab 98: Thousands are taken in by robotic patter". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2007-02-21. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  6. ^ a b Mathews, James (2000). "Robby Glen Garner". Generation5.org. Archived from the original on 2003-10-02. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  7. ^ "Developers & Credits". AIVault. EllaZ Systems. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  8. ^ "Albert is top talking computer". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. January 28, 1999. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  9. ^ Highfield, Roger (March 21, 1998). "Megalab 98: Thousands are taken in by robotic patter". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2007-02-21. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  10. ^ Garner, Robby (2005). "Multifaceted Conversational Systems". Colloquium on Conversational Systems. University of Surrey. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
  11. ^ Garner, Robby (2009). "The Turing Hub as a Standard for Turing Test Interfaces". In Epstein, Robert; Roberts, Gary; Beber, Grace Beber (eds.). Parsing The Turing Test. Springer. pp. 319–324. ISBN 978-1-4020-9624-2.[permanent dead link‍]
  12. ^ Garner, R. G. (2014). Film Theory and Chatbots. International Journal of Synthetic Emotions (IJSE), 5(1), 17-22. http://doi.org/10.4018/ijse.2014010103
  13. ^ Shah, H., & Warwick, K. (2010). Hidden Interlocutor Misidentification in Practical Turing Tests. Minds and Machines, 20(3), 441–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11023-010-9219-6
  14. ^ Warwick, K. (2009). Emotion in the Turing Test. New Applications in Affective Computing and Artificial Intelligence.
[edit]
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