Jump to content

EML Kalev (1936): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Page started.
 
m Filled in 0 bare reference(s) with reFill 2
 
(93 intermediate revisions by 68 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|1936 Estonian ship}}
{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{other ships|EML Kalev}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
|Ship image=[[Image:EWallveelaevKalev.jpg|300px|The “Kalev”]]
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
|Ship caption=ENS ''Kalev'' which did not survived the [[Second World War]].
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Kalev class submarine Estonia.png
|Ship caption=EML ''Kalev''
}}
}}
{{Infobox Ship Career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship country=Estonia
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Estonia|naval}}
|Ship flag= [[Image:Naval Ensign of Estonia.svg|60px|Estonian Ensign]]
|Ship name=''Kalev''
|Ship class=[[Kalev class submarine|Kalev class]] [[British S class submarine (1931)|S-type]] [[submarine]]
|Ship name=ENS ''Kalev''
|Ship operator=[[Estonian Navy]]
|Ship operator=[[Estonian Navy]]
|Ship ordered=[[12 December]] [[1934]]
|Ship ordered=12 December 1934
|Ship awarded=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder= [[Vickers-Armstrongs|Vickers and Armstrongs Ltd.]], [[United Kingdom]]
|Ship builder= [[Vickers-Armstrongs|Vickers and Armstrongs Ltd.]], United Kingdom
|Ship laid down=[[May]] [[1935]]
|Ship laid down=May 1935
|Ship launched=[[7 July]] [[1936]] 13:20
|Ship launched=7 July 1936 13:20
|Ship christened=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=[[12 March]] [[1937]]
|Ship commissioned=12 March 1937
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service= [[1937]] - [[1941]]
|Ship in service= 1937–1940
|Ship out of service=[[1941]]
|Ship out of service=1940
|Ship captured= by [[USSR]] in [[1940]]
|Ship captured= by [[USSR]] in 1940
|Ship fate= missing after [[29 October]] [[1941]]
|Ship fate=
|Ship struck=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport= [[Tallinn]]
|Ship homeport= [[Tallinn]]
|Ship motto=
|Ship motto="''Vääri oma nime''"<br>("Be worth of Your name")
|Ship nickname=Kalev
|Ship nickname=Kalev
|Ship namesake=
|Ship namesake=
|Ship badge=[[Image:.jpg|150px]]
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Soviet Union
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Soviet Union|naval-1935}}
|Ship name=''Kalev''
|Ship operator=[[Soviet Navy]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service= 1940 - 1941
|Ship out of service=1941
|Ship captured= from [[Estonia]] in 1940
|Ship fate= missing after 29 October 1941
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport= [[Tallinn]], [[Leningrad]]
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship namesake=
|Ship badge=
}}
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass|Kalev|submarine}}
|Ship displacement=665 tons surfaced<br>853 tons submerged
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship displacement=*665 tons surfaced
*853 tons submerged
|Ship length=59.5 m
|Ship beam=7.5 m
|Ship length={{convert|59.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|7.5|m|abbr=on}} {{convert|7.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught=3.6 m
|Ship draught={{convert|3.6|m|abbr=on}} {{convert|3.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion= Twin [[Diesel engine|diesel]]/[[Electric motor|electric]]<br>2 diesel engines: [[Vickers-Armstrongs|Vickers and Armstrongs Ltd.]] – 1200 hp<br>2 Electric engines: [[Metropolitan-Vickers]]<br> – 790 hp
|Ship propulsion=*two [[Diesel engine|diesel]] [[Vickers-Armstrongs|Vickers and Armstrongs Ltd.]] ({{convert|1200|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}}){{clarify|date=April 2013|reason=each or together?}}
|Ship speed=surface - 13.5 knots<br>submerged - 8.5 knots
*two [[Metropolitan-Vickers]] [[electric motor]]s ({{convert|790|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}}){{clarify|date=April 2013|reason=each or together?}}
|Ship speed=*surfaced - {{convert|13.5|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}
*submerged - {{convert|8.5|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}
|Ship range=
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth= 90 m operational<br> 120 m tested
|Ship test depth= {{convert|120|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship boats=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship capacity=
Line 53: Line 86:
|Ship sensors=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=4 × bow torpedo tubes<br>(8 21" torpedoes)<br>1 × 40 mm AA gun "[[Bofors]]"<br>1 × 7.7mm AA gun [[Lewis Gun|"Lewis"]]<br>24 mines
|Ship armament=*4 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s
*(bow, 8 [[torpedo]]es)
*1 × [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40 mm]] [[Bofors]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|AA]] gun
*1 × 7.7 mm [[Lewis Gun|Lewis]] AA [[machine gun]]
*24 [[Naval mine|mine]]s
|Ship armour=
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor= thickness of hull steel 12 mm<br>
|Ship armor= <!--"thickness of hull steel 12 mm" This isn't armor...-->
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship motto=
|Ship motto=
Line 63: Line 100:
}}
}}
|}
|}

{{otherships|ENS Lembit}}
'''ENS Kalev''' was one of the twin submarines of the [[Estonia|Republic of Estonia]] launched in [[1936]] at [[Vickers-Armstrongs|Vickers and Armstrongs Ltd.]] in [[United Kingdom|England]]. Its twin sister “[[ENS Lembit|Lembit]]” survived the [[Second World War]] and is the oldest submarine to afloat in the world till today.
'''EML ''Kalev''''' was one of two [[submarine]]s of the [[Estonia|Republic of Estonia]] launched in 1936 at [[Vickers-Armstrongs|Vickers and Armstrongs Ltd.]] in [[United Kingdom|England]]. Her sister, {{ship|EML|Lembit||2}}, survived the [[Second World War]].

==History==
==History==
The '''“Kalev”''' was the second pre-war [[Estonian Navy]] submarine.Estonia is a [[maritime]] nation and as every country with a long [[coastline]] has to defend and safeguard its territorial waters. With due regard to experiences of [[World War I]] the submarines found their proper application in pre-last war Estonian Navy. The collection organised by the [[Submarine Fleet Foundation]] in [[May]] [[1933]] developed into a one of the most successful undertakings among the similar events demonstrating a nation-wide determination to defend one’s country.<br />In the course of building and testing two submarines the [[Estonian]] crews got a top level naval training of the time in [[England]] in [[1935]]-[[1937]]. In the period of [[1937]]-[[1940]] the submarines [[ENS Lembit|"Lembit"]] and [[ENS Kalev|"Kalev"]] were the most imposing naval vessels of Estonian Navy. Their non-interference upon [[Occupation_of_the_Baltic_Republics|annexation of Estonia]] by the [[USSR]] was a political decision made irrespective of the will of the navy.<ref>http://www.meremuuseum.ee/?op=body&id=45 Estonian Maritime Museum</ref>
''Kalev'' was a second pre-war [[Estonian Navy]] submarine. Estonia is a maritime nation and, like every country with a long [[coastline]], had to defend its territorial waters. Based on the experiences of [[World War I]], the submarines found their proper application in the pre-Second World War Estonian Navy. The collection organised by the [[Submarine Fleet Foundation]] in May 1933 developed into one of the most successful undertakings among similar events nationwide.
In the course of building and testing two submarines, the Estonian crews got a top-level naval training at the time in England in 1935–1937. In the period of 1937–1940 the submarines {{ship|EML|Lembit||2}} and ''Kalev'' were the most imposing naval vessels of the Estonian Navy. Their non-interference upon the [[Occupation of the Baltic Republics|annexation of Estonia]] by the [[USSR]] was a political decision made irrespective of the will of the navy.<ref>http://www.meremuuseum.ee/?op=body&id=45 Estonian Maritime Museum</ref>

==Kalev in World War II==
==''Kalev'' in World War II==
The submarine '''“Kalev”''' joined the [[Estonian Navy]] in spring [[1937]] where it operated until the Soviet overtake in [[1940]]. (On [[24 February]], [[1940]], [[Germany| The third Reich]] had expressed its interest in obtaining the submarine, if Estonia would sell it, but this offer was turned down.)
The submarine ''Kalev'' joined the Estonian Navy in spring 1937, where she operated until the Soviet takeover in 1940. (On 24 February 1940, [[Germany|The Third Reich]] had expressed its interest in obtaining the submarine, if Estonia would sell it, but this offer was turned down.)
===During the Soviet occupation===

The submarine was formally overtaken by the [[Soviet Navy]] on [[18 September]], 1940, by which only five men of the submarine crew remained in place, to instruct the new Soviet crews. After the outbreak of the [[Operation Barbarossa|German-Russian war]] in [[June]] [[1941]], ''Kalev'' was re-complemented, having since then totally [[Russians|Russian-speaking]] crew, although the original name ''Kalev'' was retained. During the [[Second World War]] the ''Kalev'' participated in military operations among the vessels of the [[Soviet Baltic Fleet]]. ''Kalev'' did not return from its second patrol (missing since [[29 October]], [[1941]]).<ref>http://users.tkk.fi/~andres/models_lembit.html Kalev</ref>
===Service in the Soviet Navy===
==Interesting facts==
The submarine was formally taken over by the [[Soviet Navy]] on 18 September 1940, by which time only five men of the submarine crew remained in place to instruct the new Soviet crews. After the outbreak of the [[Operation Barbarossa|German-Russian war]] in June 1941, ''Kalev'' was re-complemented, having a totally [[Russians|Russian-speaking]] crew, although the original name ''Kalev'' was retained. During the Second World War ''Kalev'' participated in military operations as part of the [[Soviet Baltic Fleet]]. ''Kalev'' did not return from her second patrol and was reported as missing since 29 October 1941.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://users.tkk.fi/~andres/models_lembit.html |title=Kalev/Lembit |accessdate=2008-01-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113095757/http://users.tkk.fi/~andres/models_lembit.html |archivedate=13 January 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
The submarines ''Kalev'' ultimate fate or location of the wreck is still unknown (it is usually assumed that she hit a mine and sunk off [[Keri]] in the [[Gulf of Finland]] between [[Tallinn]] and [[Helsinki]], but she could be anywhere between [[Kronstadt]] and [[Hanko]]; some sources suggest she was scuttled in the [[Gulf of Finland|Bay of Tallinn]] at the Soviet evacuation on [[28 August]], [[1941]]).

===See also===
==Possible wreck==
*[[Category:Naval ships of Estonia]]
''Kalev''{{'}}s ultimate fate or the location of the wreck was unknown for a long time. It was generally assumed that she hit a mine and sunk off [[Keri (island)|Keri]] in the [[Gulf of Finland]] between [[Tallinn]] and [[Helsinki]], but she could have been anywhere between [[Kronstadt]] and [[Hanko, Finland|Hanko]]; some sources suggested she was scuttled in the [[Tallinn Bay]] during the Soviet evacuation on 28 August 1941.
*[[Estonian Navy]]

*[[ENS Lembit]]
In June 2010, an Estonian Maritime Museum research team concentrated their efforts on finding ''Kalev''. It was assumed that ''Kalev'' hit a mine and sank in a minefield laid off Cape Juminda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.epl.ee/artikkel/579592 |title=Juminda poolsaare lähedalt leiti vist allveelaeva Kalev vrakk - Eesti Päevaleht |access-date=6 July 2010 |archive-date=6 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706202759/http://www.epl.ee/artikkel/579592 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 30 June 2010 a wreck of what appeared to be a submarine was found five miles north of Cape Juminda, Northern Estonia by the [[Estonian Maritime Museum]] research vessel ''Mare''. According to marine archeologist Vello Mäss, the specific shape of shafts for laying mines on the submarine-shaped object seen on the sonar screen gave rise to hopes indicating a probability of about 95% that the wreck found was the ''Kalev''. However, further research had to be done to conclusively confirm the finding.<ref name="auto">http://www.ohtuleht.ee/index.aspx?id=385613{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Hopes were high that this sonar target suggested that ''Kalev'' had been found and that the presumption that she sank as a result of hitting a mine near Cape Juminda was correct.<ref name="auto"/>

Later it was discovered that despite the wreck looking like a submarine, it turned out to be an old [[aerostat]]. ''Kalev'' is still missing.

==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
==External links==
{{wikiatlas|Estonia}}
{{Wikiatlas|Estonia}}
{{Commons category|Kalev (submarine, 1936)}}
{{commonscat|Naval ships by country|Estonian Naval ships}}
*[http://www.mil.ee/uusmil/index.php?menu=merevagi&sisu=mev Estonian Navy]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080502232249/http://www.mil.ee/uusmil/index.php?menu=merevagi&sisu=mev Estonian Navy]

{{Kalev class submarines}}


{{coord missing|Baltic Sea}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalev}}
[[Category:Naval ships of Estonia]]
[[Category:Kalev-class submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness]]
[[Category:1936 ships]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of Estonia]]
[[Category:Lost submarines of Estonia]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Foreign submarines of the Soviet Navy]]
[[Category:Lost submarines of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by mines]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Finland]]
[[Category:Missing submarines of World War II]]
[[Category:Warships lost in combat with all hands]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in October 1941]]

Latest revision as of 05:54, 24 January 2023

For other ships with the same name, see EML Kalev.

EML Kalev
History
Estonia
NameKalev
OperatorEstonian Navy
Ordered12 December 1934
BuilderVickers and Armstrongs Ltd., United Kingdom
Laid downMay 1935
Launched7 July 1936 13:20
Commissioned12 March 1937
In service1937–1940
Out of service1940
HomeportTallinn
Nickname(s)Kalev
Capturedby USSR in 1940
Soviet Union
NameKalev
OperatorSoviet Navy
In service1940 - 1941
Out of service1941
HomeportTallinn, Leningrad
Capturedfrom Estonia in 1940
Fatemissing after 29 October 1941
General characteristics
Class and typeKalev-class submarine
Displacement
  • 665 tons surfaced
  • 853 tons submerged
Length59.5 m (195 ft 3 in)
Beam7.5 m (25 ft) 7.5 m (24 ft 7 in)
Draught3.6 m (12 ft) 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in)
Propulsion
Speed
  • surfaced - 13.5 kn (15.5 mph; 25.0 km/h)
  • submerged - 8.5 kn (9.8 mph; 15.7 km/h)
Test depth120 m (390 ft)
Complement4 officers + 28 sailors
Armament

EML Kalev was one of two submarines of the Republic of Estonia launched in 1936 at Vickers and Armstrongs Ltd. in England. Her sister, Lembit, survived the Second World War.

History

[edit]

Kalev was a second pre-war Estonian Navy submarine. Estonia is a maritime nation and, like every country with a long coastline, had to defend its territorial waters. Based on the experiences of World War I, the submarines found their proper application in the pre-Second World War Estonian Navy. The collection organised by the Submarine Fleet Foundation in May 1933 developed into one of the most successful undertakings among similar events nationwide.

In the course of building and testing two submarines, the Estonian crews got a top-level naval training at the time in England in 1935–1937. In the period of 1937–1940 the submarines Lembit and Kalev were the most imposing naval vessels of the Estonian Navy. Their non-interference upon the annexation of Estonia by the USSR was a political decision made irrespective of the will of the navy.[1]

Kalev in World War II

[edit]

The submarine Kalev joined the Estonian Navy in spring 1937, where she operated until the Soviet takeover in 1940. (On 24 February 1940, The Third Reich had expressed its interest in obtaining the submarine, if Estonia would sell it, but this offer was turned down.)

Service in the Soviet Navy

[edit]

The submarine was formally taken over by the Soviet Navy on 18 September 1940, by which time only five men of the submarine crew remained in place to instruct the new Soviet crews. After the outbreak of the German-Russian war in June 1941, Kalev was re-complemented, having a totally Russian-speaking crew, although the original name Kalev was retained. During the Second World War Kalev participated in military operations as part of the Soviet Baltic Fleet. Kalev did not return from her second patrol and was reported as missing since 29 October 1941.[2]

Possible wreck

[edit]

Kalev's ultimate fate or the location of the wreck was unknown for a long time. It was generally assumed that she hit a mine and sunk off Keri in the Gulf of Finland between Tallinn and Helsinki, but she could have been anywhere between Kronstadt and Hanko; some sources suggested she was scuttled in the Tallinn Bay during the Soviet evacuation on 28 August 1941.

In June 2010, an Estonian Maritime Museum research team concentrated their efforts on finding Kalev. It was assumed that Kalev hit a mine and sank in a minefield laid off Cape Juminda.[3] On 30 June 2010 a wreck of what appeared to be a submarine was found five miles north of Cape Juminda, Northern Estonia by the Estonian Maritime Museum research vessel Mare. According to marine archeologist Vello Mäss, the specific shape of shafts for laying mines on the submarine-shaped object seen on the sonar screen gave rise to hopes indicating a probability of about 95% that the wreck found was the Kalev. However, further research had to be done to conclusively confirm the finding.[4]

Hopes were high that this sonar target suggested that Kalev had been found and that the presumption that she sank as a result of hitting a mine near Cape Juminda was correct.[4]

Later it was discovered that despite the wreck looking like a submarine, it turned out to be an old aerostat. Kalev is still missing.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ http://www.meremuuseum.ee/?op=body&id=45 Estonian Maritime Museum
  2. ^ "Kalev/Lembit". Archived from the original on 13 January 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
  3. ^ "Juminda poolsaare lähedalt leiti vist allveelaeva Kalev vrakk - Eesti Päevaleht". Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
  4. ^ a b http://www.ohtuleht.ee/index.aspx?id=385613[permanent dead link‍]
[edit]

Wikimedia Atlas of Estonia

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kalev (submarine, 1936).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=EML_Kalev_(1936)&oldid=1135363280"