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Savant syndrome

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+#REDIRECT [[Savant syndrome]]
-{{redirect|Idiot savant|the [[MTV]] game show|Idiot Savants (game show)}}
-{{otheruses|Savant}}
+{{Rcat shell |1=
-[[An]] '''[[autistic]] [[savant]]''' ([[historically]] [[described]] [[as]] [[an]] '''[[idiot]] [[savant]]''') [[is]] [[a]] [[person]] [[with]] [[both]] [[autism]] [[and]] [[savant syndrome]]. [[Savant syndrome]] [[describes]] [[a]] [[person]] [[having]] [[a]] [[developmental]] [[or]] [[mental]] [[handicap]] [[of]] [[some]] [[sort]] [[with]] [[extraordinary]] [[mind|mental]] [[abilities]] [[not]] [[found]] [[in]] [[most]] [[people]]. [[This]] [[usually]] [[means]] ([[but]] [[not]] [[in]] [[all]] [[cases]]) [[a]] [[lower]] [[than]] [[average]] [[general]] [[intelligence]] ([[IQ]]) [[but]] [[very]] [[high]] [[narrow]] [[intelligence]] [[in]] [[one]] [[or]] [[more]] [[fields]]. [[Savant syndrome]] [[skills]] [[involve]] [[striking]] [[feats]] [[of]] [[memory]] [[and]] [[arithmetic]] [[calculation]] [[and]] [[sometimes]] [[include]] [[unusual]] [[abilities]] [[in]] [[art]] [[or]] [[music]]. [[Savant]] [[syndrome]] [[is]] [[sometimes]] [[abbreviated]] [[as]] "[[savantism]]", [[and]] [[individuals]] [[with]] [[the]] [[syndrome]] [[are]] [[often]] [[nicknamed]] ''[[savants]]''. [[This]] [[can]] [[be]] [[a]] [[source]] [[of]] [[confusion]] [[since]] [[a]] ''[[savant]]'' [[can]] [[also]] [[mean]] [[a]] [[person]] [[of]] [[learning]], [[especially]] [[one]] [[of]] [[great]] [[knowledge]] [[in]] [[a]] [[particular]] [[subject]].
+  {{R to subtopic}}
+  {{R with possibilities}}
-==Abilities==
+  {{printworthy}}
+}}
-Savant syndrome is usually recognized during early childhood as coincident with other developmental abnormalities; the plurality of cases occur in children with [[autism]]. Males with savant syndrome outnumber females by roughly 6:1<ref>Treffert, Darold.  [http://www.centreforthemind.com/publications/gpsbook.pdf Geniuses, Prodigies & Savants] (PDF)</ref>—slightly higher than the disparity for autism spectrum disorders.
-Most autistic savants have extensive mental abilities called ''splinter skills''.<ref>http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant/faq.cfm</ref> Why autistic savants are capable of these astonishing feats is not quite clear. Some savants have obvious [[neurology|neurological]] abnormalities (such as the lack of [[corpus callosum]] in [[Kim Peek|Kim Peek's]] brain). Many savants are known to have abnormalities in the left hemisphere of the brain.<ref>Treffert, D.A. & Christensen, D.D. (2005). "Inside the Mind of a Savant", Scientific American, 293(6).</ref>
-There are only about 100 ''recognized'' prodigious savants in the world.<ref>{{cite web|author=Martin, D|title=Savants:  Charting Islands of Genius|publisher=CNN Health|date=[[September 18]], [[2006]]|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/09/06/savant.genius/index.html}}</ref>
-==Famous autistic savants==
-* [[Alonzo Clemons]], American clay [[Sculpture|sculptor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_profiles/alonzo_clemons|title=Alonzo Clemons - Genius Among Us|publisher=Wisconsin Medical Society|author=Treffert, Darold|accessdate=2007-11-07}}</ref>
-* [[Tony DeBlois]], [[Blindness|blind]] American [[musician]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_profiles/tony_deblois|title=Tony DeBlois - A Prodigious Musical Savant|publisher=Wisconsin Medical Society|author=Treffert, Darold|accessdate=2007-11-07}}</ref>
-* [[Leslie Lemke]], blind American musician.<ref name=Islands>{{cite web|url=http://www.gordonresearch.com/articles_autism/SciAm-Islands_of_Genius.pdf|format=PDF|title=Islands of Genius|publisher=Scientific American, Inc|author=Treffert, Darold A. and Gregory L. Wallace|date=2003|accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref>
-* [[Jonathan Lerman]], American [[artist]].<ref>Jonathan Lerman:
-* {{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_profiles/jonathan_lerman|title=Jonathan Lerman - An Extraordinary Artist|publisher=Wisconsin Medical Society|author=Treffert, Darold|accessdate=2007-11-07}}
-* {{cite news|author=Blumenthal, Ralph|title=Success at 14, Despite Autism; His Drawings Go for Up to $1,200 and Win High Praise|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=[[2002-01-16]]|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907E7DA1238F935A25752C0A9649C8B63|accessdate=2007-11-05 }}</ref>
-* [[Thristan Mendoza]], Filipino [[marimba]] prodigy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_profiles/thristan_mendoza|title=Thristan "Tum-Tum" Mendoza - A Child Prodigy Marimbist With Autism from the Philippines|publisher=Wisconsin Medical Society|author=Treffert, Darold|accessdate=2007-11-07}}</ref>
-* [[Derek Paravicini]], blind British musician.<ref>Derek Paravicini:
-* {{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_profiles/derek_paravicini|title=Derek Paravicini - A Talent and Love for Music|publisher=Wisconsin Medical Society|author=Treffert, Darold|accessdate=2007-11-07}}
-* {{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/10/20/60minutes/main957718_page3.shtml|publisher=CBS, 60 Minutes|title=Meet Musical Savant Rex: Lesley Stahl Checks In On A Boy With An Extraordinary Musical Talent|date=[[October 23]], [[2005]]|accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref>
-*[[Kim Peek]], basis for the 1988 fictional film ''[[Rain Man]]'',<ref name=Islands/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/nasa_peek_041108.html|title=NASA Studying 'Rain Man's' Brain|publisher=Space.com|date=[[November 8]], [[2004]]|accessdate=2007-09-14}}</ref> although diagnosis has changed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://w3.mesd.k12.or.us/pa/Interaction11-6-06.pdf|format=PDF|title=Kim Peek and Fran Peek: 'I am important to know you'|author=Wulff, Jane|publisher=Multnomah Education Service District|date=November 2006|accessdate=2007-09-18}}</ref>
-* [[James Henry Pullen]], gifted British carpenter.<ref>James Henry Pullen:
-*Ward, O. Conor. "The Childhood and the Life of James Henry Pullen, the Victorian Idiot Savant (1832–1916)", Abstract of article cited at [http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/88/suppl_1/A59 adc.bmjjournals.com] Retrieved on [[14 June]], [[2006]].
-*{{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_profiles/james_pullen|title=James Henry Pullen - Genius of Earlswood Asylum|publisher=Wisconsin Medical Society|author=Treffert, Darold|accessdate=2007-11-07}}</ref>
-* [[Matt Savage]], U.S. autistic jazz prodigy.<ref>Matt Savage:
-* "The Prodigy", ''People'' magazine [[June 17]], [[2002]].
-* {{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_profiles/matt_savage|title=Matt Savage - A 14-Year-Old Marvelous Musician|publisher=Wisconsin Medical Society|author=Treffert, Darold|accessdate=2007-11-07}}</ref>
-* [[Henriett Seth-F.]], Hungarian autistic savant, poet, writer and artist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_profiles/henriett_seth|title=Henriett Seth F. - Rain Girl|publisher=Wisconsin Medical Society|author=Treffert, Darold|accessdate=2007-11-07}}</ref>
-* [[Daniel Tammet]], British autistic savant.<ref>{{cite web|author=Johnson, Richard|date=[[February 12]], [[2005]]|title=A genius explains|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/weekend/story/0,,1409903,00.html|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref>
-* [[Stephen Wiltshire]], British architectural artist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1211299.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=[[10 March]], [[2001]]|title=Unlocking the brain's potential|accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref>
-* [[Richard Wawro]], Scottish artist.<ref name=Islands/>
-==See also==
-* [[List of people on the autistic spectrum]]
-* [[People speculated to have been autistic]]
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==Further reading==
-* Heaton P, Wallace G (2004). "Annotation: The savant syndrome." ''[[Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry (journal)|Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry]]'' '''45''', 899–911.
-* Pring L (2005). "Savant talent." ''[[Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology (journal)|Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology]]'' '''47''', 500–503.
-* O'Connor N, Cowan R, Samella K (2000). "Calendric Calculation and Intelligence." ''[[Intelligence (journal)|Intelligence]]'' '''28''', 31–48.
-* [[Joseph Chilton Pearce|Pearce JC]] (1992). ''Evolution's End: Claiming the Potential of Our Intelligence'', HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco.
-* {{cite journal |author=Snyder AW, Mulcahy E, Taylor JL, Mitchell DJ, Sachdev P, Gandevia SC |title=Savant-like skills exposed in normal people by suppressing the left fronto-temporal lobe |journal=J. Integr. Neurosci. |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=149–58 |year=2003 |pmid=15011267 |doi=}}
-* Snyder AW (2001) "Paradox of the savant mind." ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' '''413''', 251–252.
-* {{cite journal |author=Snyder AW, Mitchell DJ |title=Is integer arithmetic fundamental to mental processing?: the mind's secret arithmetic |journal=Proc. Biol. Sci. |volume=266 |issue=1419 |pages=587–92 |year=1999 |pmid=10212449 |doi=10.1098/rspb.1999.0676}}
-* Tammet Daniel (2006). ''Born On A Blue Day'', Hodder & Stoughton, London.
-* Treffert DA (2000). ''Extraordinary People'', Bantom Press, London.
-* {{cite journal |author=Treffert DA |title=The idiot savant: a review of the syndrome |journal=The American journal of psychiatry |volume=145 |issue=5 |pages=563–72 |year=1988 |pmid=3282450 |doi=}}
-==External links==
-* [http://www.savantsyndrome.com Wisconsin Medical Society: Savant Syndrome]
-[[Category:Autistic savants| ]]
-[[Category:Giftedness]]
-[[Category:Syndromes]]
-[[de:Inselbegabung]]
-[[el:Σύνδρομο του Σαβάντ]]
-[[es:Síndrome del sabio]]
-[[eo:Savanto-sindromo]]
-[[eu:Savant sindromea]]
-[[he:גאון אוטיסט]]
-[[nl:Idiot savant]]
-[[ja:サヴァン症候群]]
-[[no:Autistisk savant]]
-[[pl:Sawant]]
-[[pt:Síndrome de Savant]]
-[[ru:Синдром саванта]]
-[[sr:Идиот савант]]
-[[fi:Savant]]
-[[sv:Autistisk savant]]
-[[tr:Savant sendromu]]
-[[zh:學者症候群]]