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==Events==
==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[69]] - The end of the [[Year of the four emperors]]: Following [[Galba]], [[Otho]] and [[Vitellius]], [[Vespasian]] becomes the fourth [[Emperor of Rome]] within a year.
*[[AD 69]] &ndash; The [[Roman Senate]] declares [[Vespasian]] [[Roman emperor|emperor of Rome]], the last in the [[Year of the Four Emperors]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Stanley|last=Sandler|title=Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&pg=PA923|year=2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-344-5|page=923}}</ref>
*[[1620]] - [[Plymouth Colony]]: [[William Bradford (1590-1657)|William Bradford]] and the ''[[Mayflower]]'' [[Pilgrims]] land on what is now known as [[Plymouth Rock]] in [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]].
*[[1124]] &ndash; [[Pope Honorius II]] is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning of Pope Celestine II.<ref>{{cite book|first=Philippe|last=Levillain|title=The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VDcmDeLuV4C&pg=PA732|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-92230-2|page=732}}</ref>
*[[1844]] - The [[Rochdale Pioneers]] commence business at their [[cooperative]] in [[Rochdale, England]], starting the [[Cooperative movement]].
*[[1140]] &ndash; After a [[Siege of Weinsberg|siege of several weeks]], the city of Weinsberg and its castle surrender to [[Conrad III of Germany]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Toynbee|first=Paget Jackson|title=Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works|location=London|publisher=Methuen|date=1910|oclc=8059335|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_15dAAAAMAAJ|page=2|isbn=9780827438156|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Hüsken|first=Wim|chapter=Mirror, Mirror on the Wall... History in Late Medieval Drama From the Low Countries|title=Staging History: Essays in Late Medieval and Humanist Drama|editor-last1=Happé|editor-first1=Peter|editor-last2=Hüsken|editor-first2=Wim N. M.|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill Rodopi|date=2021|isbn=9789004449497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrscEAAAQBAJ|page=148}}</ref>
*[[1861]] - [[Medal of Honor]]: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]].
*[[1237]] &ndash; The city of [[Ryazan]] is [[Siege of Ryazan|sacked]] by the [[Mongols|Mongol]] army of [[Batu Khan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rachewiltz |first1=Igor de |last2=Wang |first2=May |title=In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300) |date=1993 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03339-8 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kG45gi7E3hsC&pg=PA23 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1872]] - [[Challenger expedition]]: ''[[HMS Challenger (1858)|HMS Challenger]]'', commanded by Captain [[George Nares]], sails from [[Portsmouth]].
*[[1361]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Linuesa]] is fought in the context of the Spanish [[Reconquista]] between the forces of the [[Emirate of Granada]] and the combined army of the [[Kingdom of Castile]] and of [[Kingdom of Jaén|Jaén]] resulting in a Castilian victory.
*[[1883]] - The first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the [[Canadian Army]] are formed: [[The Royal Canadian Dragoons]] and [[The Royal Canadian Regiment]].
*[[1598]] &ndash; [[Battle of Curalaba]]: The revolting [[Mapuche]], led by [[cacique]] [[Pelantaro|Pelentaru]], inflict a major defeat on [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] troops in southern [[Captaincy General of Chile|Chile]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Prieto Pastén|first=Andrés I.|chapter=Empathy with the Mapuche: Rosales's Manifiesto apologético and Pineda y Bascuñán's Cautiverio feliz|title=A History of Chilean Literature|editor-last=López-Calvo|editor-first=Ignacio|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2021|isbn=9781108487375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v9xBEAAAQBAJ|pages=79–80}}</ref>
*[[1913]] - [[Arthur Wynne]]'s "word-cross", the first [[crossword puzzle]], is published in the ''[[New York World]]''.
===1601–1900===
*[[1958]] - [[French presidential election, 1958|French presidential election]]: [[Charles de Gaulle]] is elected [[President of France]] as his [[Union des Démocrates pour la République]] party gain 78.5% of the vote.
*[[1620]] &ndash; [[Plymouth Colony]]: [[William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor)|William Bradford]] and the ''[[Mayflower]]'' [[Pilgrim Fathers|Pilgrims]] land near what is now known as [[Plymouth Rock]] in [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]].
*[[1962]] - [[Rondane National Park]] is established as [[Norway]]'s first [[national park]].
*[[1826]] &ndash; American settlers in [[Nacogdoches, Texas|Nacogdoches]], [[Mexican Texas]], declare their independence, starting the [[Fredonian Rebellion]].
*[[1967]] - [[Louis Washkansky]], the first man to undergo a [[heart transplant]], dies in [[Cape Town, South Africa]], after living for 18 days.
*[[1832]] &ndash; [[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33)|Egyptian–Ottoman War]]: [[Egypt]]ian forces decisively defeat [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] troops at the [[Battle of Konya]].
*[[1968]] - [[Apollo program]]: ''[[Apollo 8]]'', the first manned mission to the [[moon]], is launched from the [[Kennedy Space Center]] in [[Florida]]. At 2h:50m:37s Mission elapsed time (MES), the crew performs the first ever manned [[Trans Lunar Injection]] and become the first humans to leave Earth's [[gravity field|gravity]].
*[[1844]] &ndash; The [[Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers]] commences business at its [[cooperative]] in [[Rochdale]], England, [[History of the cooperative movement|starting the Cooperative movement]].
*[[1971]] - The [[United Nations Security Council]] chooses [[Kurt Waldheim]] to succeed [[U Thant]] as [[United Nations Secretary-General|Secretary-General]].
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[Medal of Honor]]: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]].
*[[1973]] - The [[Geneva Conference (1973)|Geneva Conference]] on the [[Arab-Israeli conflict]] opens.
*[[1872]] &ndash; [[Challenger expedition]]: {{HMS|Challenger|1858|6}}, commanded by Captain [[George Nares]], sails from [[Portsmouth|Portsmouth, England]].
*[[1979]] - [[Lancaster House Agreement]]: An independence agreement for [[Rhodesia]] is signed in [[London]] by [[Lord Carrington]], Sir [[Ian Gilmour]], [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Joshua Nkomo]], Bishop [[Abel Muzorewa]] and S.C. Mundawarara.
*[[1879]] &ndash; World premiere of [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s ''[[A Doll's House]]'' at the [[Royal Danish Theatre|Royal Theatre]] in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark.
*[[1987]] - The passenger ferry ''[[Doña Paz]]'' sinks after colliding with the oil tanker ''Vector 1'' in the Tablas Strait in the [[Philippines]], killing 1,565.
*[[1883]] &ndash; [[The Royal Canadian Dragoons]] and [[The Royal Canadian Regiment]], the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the [[Canadian Army]], are formed.
*[[1988]] - A bomb explodes on board [[Pan Am flight 103]] over [[Lockerbie]], [[Dumfries and Galloway]], [[Scotland]], killing 270.
*[[1891]] &ndash; [[James Naismith]], a Canadian-American gym teacher at [[Springfield College]], publishes the first rules for the game now known as [[basketball]] and brings it to his class, which then plays the first game of basketball.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Griffiths |first=Sian |date=20 September 2019 |title=The Canadian who invented basketball |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-11348053 |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Naismith |first=James|author-link=James Naismith|title=Basketball: Its Origin and Development |publisher=Association Press |year=1941 |location=New York City |pages=53–59}}</ref>
*[[1989]] - The [[Romanian Revolution of 1989]] moves from Timişoara to Bucharest.
*[[1991]] - [[Charilaos Florakis]] is elected honorary president of the [[Communist Party of Greece]].
*[[1992]] - A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[DC-10]], flight [[Martinair MP 495]], crashes at [[Faro Airport (Portugal)]], killing 56 people.
*[[1995]] - The city of [[Bethlehem]] passes from [[Israel]]i to [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian]] control.
*[[1999]] - The [[Spanish Civil Guard]] intercepts a van loaded with 950 [[kg]] of explosives that [[ETA]] intended to use to blow up [[Torre Picasso]] in [[Madrid]].
*[[2007]] - The [[Schengen Agreement]] area increases to include 9 [[European Union]] member states; [[Czech Republic]], [[Estonia]], [[Hungary]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Malta]], [[Poland]], [[Slovakia]], and [[Slovenia]] on land and sea borders.


===1901–present===
==Births==
*[[1907]] &ndash; The [[Chilean Army]] [[Santa María School massacre|commits a massacre]] of at least 2,000 striking [[Sodium nitrate|saltpeter]] miners in [[Iquique]], [[Chile]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=La Masacre de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique: Mirada Histórica desde la Cámara de Diputados|last=Hoehn|first=Marek|publisher=Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile|year=2007|isbn=978-956-7629-04-6|page=110|editor-last=Vásquez|editor-first=David|language=es|chapter=Una visión comparativa sobre la huelga de Santa María de Iquique y el legado de los movimientos obreros de la época|quote=Ya es sabido que dicha huelga culminó en la masacre de más de dos mil obreros en la escuela Santa María}}</ref>
*[[1910]] &ndash; [[Pretoria Pit disaster|An underground explosion]] at the [[Hulton Colliery Company|Hulton Bank Colliery]] No. 3 Pit in [[Over Hulton]], [[Westhoughton]], England, kills 344 miners.
*[[1913]] &ndash; [[Arthur Wynne]]'s "word-cross", the first [[crossword]] puzzle, is published in the ''[[New York World]]''.
*[[1919]] &ndash; American [[anarchism|anarchist]] [[Emma Goldman]] is deported to Russia.
*[[1923]] &ndash; United Kingdom and [[Nepal]] formally sign an agreement of friendship, called the [[Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923]], which superseded the [[Treaty of Sugauli]] signed in 1816.
*[[1934]] &ndash; ''[[Lieutenant Kijé (Prokofiev)|Lieutenant Kijé]]'', one of [[Sergei Prokofiev]]'s best-known works, premiered.<ref>{{cite book|last= MacDonald|first= Laurence E.|title= The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=e0NYYHWtz6sC|publisher= The Scarecrow Press|location= New York|year= 2013|page=35|isbn= 978-0-8108-8397-0}}</ref>
*[[1936]] &ndash; First flight of the [[Junkers Ju 88]] multi-role combat aircraft.
*[[1937]] &ndash; ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'', the world's first full-length [[Animation|animated]] feature, premieres at the [[Carthay Circle Theatre]].
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: A [[Thailand in World War II|Thai-Japanese Pact of Alliance]] is signed.
*[[1946]] &ndash; An 8.1 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]] [[1946 Nankai earthquake|earthquake]] and subsequent [[tsunami]] in [[Nankaidō]], Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Bloody Christmas (1963)|"Bloody Christmas"]] begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000–30,000 [[Turkish Cypriots]] and destruction of more than 100 villages.
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]] is adopted.
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Louis Washkansky]], the first man to undergo a human-to-human [[Heart transplantation|heart transplant]], dies in [[Cape Town]], South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 8]] is launched from the [[Kennedy Space Center]], placing its crew on a [[Moon|lunar]] trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
*[[1970]] &ndash; First flight of [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat|F-14]] multi-role combat aircraft.
*[[1973]] &ndash; The [[Geneva Conference (1973)|Geneva Conference]] on the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] opens.
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Lancaster House Agreement]]: An independence agreement for [[Rhodesia]] is signed in London by [[Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington|Lord Carrington]], Sir [[Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar|Ian Gilmour]], [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Joshua Nkomo]], Bishop [[Abel Muzorewa]] and S.C. Mundawarara.
*[[1988]] &ndash; A bomb explodes on board [[Pan Am Flight 103]] over [[Lockerbie]], [[Dumfries and Galloway]], Scotland, killing 270.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lockerbie bombing suspect in US custody |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-63933837 |website=BBC News |access-date=11 December 2022 |date=11 December 2022}}</ref> This is to date the deadliest air disaster to occur on British soil.
* 1988 &ndash; The first flight of [[Antonov An-225 Mriya]], the largest aircraft in the world.
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]]: The leaders of 11 now effectively autonomous Soviet republics sign the [[Alma-Ata Protocol]] establishing the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] in place of the collapsing [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fedor |first=Helen |title=Belarus and Moldova: Country Studies |publisher=[[Federal Research Division]] |year=1995 |isbn=0844408492 |edition=1st |location=Washington, D.C. |page=195 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1992]] &ndash; A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|DC-10]], flight [[Martinair Flight 495|Martinair MP 495]], crashes at [[Faro Airport]], killing 56.
*[[1995]] &ndash; The city of [[Bethlehem]] passes from [[Israel]]i to [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian]] control.
*[[1999]] &ndash; The [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Spanish Civil Guard]] intercepts a van loaded with 950&nbsp;kg of explosives that [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] intended to use to blow up [[Torre Picasso]] in [[Madrid]], Spain.
* 1999 &ndash; [[Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216]] overshoots the runway at [[La Aurora International Airport]], killing 18.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991221-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 F-GTDI Guatemala City-La Aurora Airport (GUA)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; [[Iraq War]]: A [[suicide attack|suicide bomber]] [[2004 Forward Operating Base Marez bombing|kills 22]] at the [[forward operating base]] next to the main U.S. military airfield at [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]], the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers.
*[[2012]] &ndash; [[2012 phenomenon]]: Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b’ak’tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the [[Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar]] whose passing many [[New Age]] spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alper |first=Alexandra |date=21 December 2012 |title=Celebrations in Mexico as world survives Maya "end of days" |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBRE8BJ16Q/ |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; A [[great conjunction]] of [[Jupiter]] and [[Saturn]] occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since 1623.<ref>{{Cite web|title=See the Great Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, 21 December 2020|url=https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/advice/skills/great-conjunction-jupiter-saturn|access-date=2020-11-29|website=BBC Sky at Night Magazine}}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; 14 people are killed and 25 others injured during [[2023 Prague shooting|a mass shooting]] at [[Charles University]] in [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]]. The perpetrator, a student at the university, kills himself after police arrived; he also killed his father before the shooting.<ref>{{cite web |title=A lone gunman opens fire in a Prague university, killing 15 people and injuring 24 |url=https://apnews.com/article/prague-shooting-dead-injured-9a383bc6919c1b0d929cf06aa4818341 |website=AP News |date=21 December 2023 |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref>

==Births==
===Pre-1600===
<!-- Please do not add yourself or anyone else who does not have a biography in Wikipedia to this list.-->
<!-- Please do not add yourself or anyone else who does not have a biography in Wikipedia to this list.-->
* [[968]] &ndash; [[Minamoto no Yorinobu]], Japanese samurai (d. 1048)
*[[1118]] - [[Thomas Becket]], [[Lord Chancellor|Lord Chancellor of England]] and [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[1170]])
*[[1401]] &ndash; [[Masaccio]], Italian painter (d. 1428)<ref>{{cite book|author=Bruce Cole|title=Masaccio and the art of early Renaissance Florence|url=https://archive.org/details/masaccioartofear0000cole|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-12298-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/masaccioartofear0000cole/page/108 108]}}</ref>
*[[1401]] - [[Tommaso Masaccio]], Italian painter (d. [[1428]])
*[[1468]] &ndash; [[William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers]], English baron (d. 1524)
*[[1596]] - [[Petro Mohyla]], Moldovan Orthodox Metropolitan Bishop of Kiev and Galicia (d. [[1646]])
*[[1505]] &ndash; [[Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton]], English politician (d. 1550)<ref>{{cite book|author=Ann Hoffmann|title=Lives of the Tudor Age, 1485–1603|url=https://archive.org/details/livesoftudorage10000hoff|url-access=registration|year=1977|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|isbn=978-0-06-494331-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/livesoftudorage10000hoff/page/476 476]}}</ref>
*[[1603]] - [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]], English theologian and colonist (d. [[1684]])
*[[1714]] - [[John Bradstreet]], Canadian-born soldier (d. [[1774]])
*[[1538]] &ndash; [[Luigi d'Este]], Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)
*[[1542]] &ndash; [[Thomas Allen (mathematician)|Thomas Allen]], English mathematician and astrologer (d. 1632)
*[[1778]] - [[Anders Sandøe Ørsted]], Danish politician (d. [[1860]])
*[[1550]] &ndash; [[Man Singh I]], Mughal noble (d. 1614)<ref>{{cite book|author=Rajiva Nain Prasad|title=Raja Mān Singh of Amber|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsA5AQAAIAAJ|year=1966|publisher=World Press|page=19|isbn=9780842614733}}</ref>
*[[1795]] - [[Leopold von Ranke]], German historian (d. [[1886]])
*[[1596]] &ndash; [[Peter Mohyla]], Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan and saint (d. 1646)
*[[1804]] - [[Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1881]])
===1601–1900===
*[[1805]] - [[Thomas Graham (chemist)|Thomas Graham]], British chemist (d. [[1869]])
*[[1603]] &ndash; [[Roger Williams]], English minister, theologian, and politician, 9th [[List of colonial governors of Rhode Island|President of the Colony of Rhode Island]] (d. 1684)
*[[1811]] - [[Archibald Campbell Tait]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[1882]])
*[[1615]] &ndash; [[Benedict Arnold (governor)|Benedict Arnold]], Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1678)<ref>{{cite book|title=The American Quarterly Register|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=reX-9CBk6w4C&pg=PA276|year=1841|publisher=The Society|page=276}}</ref>
*[[1815]] - [[Thomas Couture]] French painter and teacher (d. [[1879]])
*[[1818]] - [[Amalia of Oldenburg]], Queen of [[Greece]] (d. [[1875]])
*[[1672]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Schmolck]], German pastor and composer (d. 1737)
*[[1832]] - [[John H. Ketcham]], American politician (d. [[1906]])
*[[1714]] &ndash; [[John Bradstreet]], Canadian-English general (d. 1774)
*[[1843]] - [[Thomas Bracken]], Irish-born New Zealander poet (d. [[1898]])
*[[1728]] &ndash; [[Hermann Raupach]], German [[harpsichord]] player and composer (d. 1778)
*[[1778]] &ndash; [[Anders Sandøe Ørsted]], Danish jurist and politician, 3rd [[Prime Minister of Denmark]] (d. 1860)
*[[1850]] - [[Zdeněk Fibich]], Bohemian composer (d. [[1900]])
*[[1795]] &ndash; [[Jack Russell (priest)|Jack Russell]], English priest, hunter, and dog breeder (d. 1883)
*[[1851]] - [[Thomas Chipman McRae]], American politician, 34th [[List of Governors of Arkansas|Governor of Arkansas]] (d. [[1929]])
* 1795 &ndash; [[Leopold von Ranke]], German historian, author, and academic (d. 1886)<ref>{{cite book|author=Andreas D Boldt|title=Leopold Von Ranke: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nGPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT22|date=29 March 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-04272-7|page=22}}</ref>
*[[1859]] - [[Gustave Kahn]], French poet (d. [[1936]])
*[[1872]] - [[Sidney Ainsworth]], British actor (d. [[1922]])
*[[1803]] &ndash; [[Achille Vianelli]], Italian painter and academic (d. 1894)
*[[1804]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Disraeli]], English lawyer and politician, [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. 1881)<ref>{{cite book|author=Jonathan Parry|title=Benjamin Disraeli|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKkzv_iyVgoC&pg=RA1-PA1|date=23 April 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-164751-2|page=1}}</ref>
* 1872 - [[Don Lorenzo Perosi]], Italian composer (d. [[1956]])
*[[1805]] &ndash; [[Thomas Graham (chemist)|Thomas Graham]], Scottish chemist and academic (d. 1869)
* 1872 - [[Albert Payson Terhune]], American author (d. [[1942]])
*[[1873]] - [[Blagoje Bersa]], Croatian composer (d. [[1934]])
*[[1811]] &ndash; [[Archibald Tait]], Scottish-English archbishop (d. 1882)
*[[1815]] &ndash; [[Thomas Couture]], French painter and educator (d. 1879)
*[[1876]] - [[Jack Lang (Australia)|Jack Lang]] (John Thomas Lang), [[Premier of New South Wales]] (d. [[1975]])
*[[1878]] - [[Jan Łukasiewicz]], Polish philosopher and mathematician (d. [[1956]])
*[[1820]] &ndash; [[William H. Osborn]], American businessman (d. 1894)
*[[1830]] &ndash; [[Bartolomé Masó]], Cuban soldier and politician (d. 1907)
*[[1879]] - [[Josef Stalin]], U.S.S.R Leader
*[[1885]] - [[Frank Patrick (hockey)|Frank Patrick]], hockey player (d. [[1960]])
*[[1832]] &ndash; [[John H. Ketcham]], American general and politician (d. 1906)
*[[1840]] &ndash; [[Ernest de Munck]], Belgian cellist and composer<ref>{{Cite book |last=Riemann |first=Hugo |author-link=Hugo Riemann |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmusi00riem/page/184/mode/2up |title=Dictionary of Music |publisher=[[Augener & Co.]] |year=1908 |edition=4th |page=185 |translator-last=Shedlock |translator-first=J. S.}}</ref> (d. 1915)<ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rApDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA96 |title=Musical News |date=January 30, 1915 |volume=48 |page=96 |chapter=Obituary: Chevalier Ernest de Munck}}</ref>
*[[1889]] - [[Sewall Wright]], American biologist (d. [[1988]])
* 1840 &ndash; [[Namık Kemal]], Turkish journalist, playwright, and activist (d. 1888)
*[[1890]] - [[Hermann Joseph Muller]], American geneticist and [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1967]])
*[[1891]] - [[John William McCormack]], American politician (d. [[1980]])
*[[1843]] &ndash; [[Thomas Bracken]], Irish-New Zealander journalist, poet, and politician (d. 1898)
*[[1892]] - [[Walter Hagen]], American golfer (d. [[1969]])
*[[1850]] &ndash; [[Zdeněk Fibich]], Czech composer and poet (d. 1900)
* 1892 - [[Rebecca West]], American writer (d. [[1983]])
*[[1851]] &ndash; [[Thomas Chipman McRae]], American lawyer and politician, 26th [[Governor of Arkansas]] (d. 1929)
*[[1857]] &ndash; [[Joseph Carruthers]], Australian politician, 16th [[Premier of New South Wales]] (d. 1932)
*[[1892]] - [[Amy Key Clarke]], English mystical poet
*[[1896]] - [[Leroy Robertson]], American composer (d. [[1971]])
*[[1859]] &ndash; [[Gustave Kahn]], French poet and critic (d. 1936)
*[[1866]] &ndash; [[Maud Gonne]], Irish nationalist and political activist (d. 1953)<ref>{{cite book| last=Cardozo | first=Nancy | title=Maud Gonne | place=New York | publisher=Amsterdam Books | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-9415-3395-9 | page=12}}</ref>
*[[1905]] - [[Anthony Powell]], British author (d. [[2000]])
*[[1909]] - [[Seicho Matsumoto]], Japanese mystery writer and journalist (d. [[1992]])
*[[1868]] &ndash; [[George W. Fuller]], American chemist and engineer (d. 1934)
*[[1911]] - [[Josh Gibson]], American baseball player (d. [[1947]])
*[[1872]] &ndash; [[Trevor Kincaid]], Canadian-American zoologist and academic (d. 1970)
* 1872 &ndash; [[Lorenzo Perosi]], Italian priest and composer (d. 1956)
*[[1914]] - [[Ivan Generalić]], Austro-Hungarian-born Croatian painter (d. [[1992]])
* 1872 &ndash; [[Albert Payson Terhune]], American journalist and author (d. 1942)
*[[1915]] - [[Werner von Trapp]], member of the Trapp Family Singers (d. [[2007]])
*[[1876]] &ndash; [[Jack Lang (Australian politician)|Jack Lang]], Australian lawyer and politician, 23rd [[Premier of New South Wales]] (d. 1975)
*[[1917]] - [[Heinrich Böll]], German writer and [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1985]])
*[[1877]] &ndash; [[Jaan Sarv]], Estonian mathematician and scholar (d. 1954)
* 1917 - [[Sophie Masloff]], American politician
*[[1918]] - [[Donald Regan]], American [[White House Chief of Staff]] (d. [[2003]])
*[[1878]] &ndash; [[Jan Łukasiewicz]], Polish-Irish mathematician and philosopher (d. 1956)
*[[1884]] &ndash; [[María Cadilla]], Puerto Rican writer, educator, women's rights activist (d. 1951)<ref>{{cite book | last1=Sicherman | first1=Barbara | last2=Hurd Green | first2=Carol | title=Notable American Women: The Modern Period | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts| publisher=Belknap | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-6746-2733-8 | page=[https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/129 129] | url=https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich_0/page/129 }}</ref>
* 1918 - [[Kurt Waldheim]], Austrian [[United Nations Secretary-General]] and [[Federal President of Austria]] (d. [[2007]])
*[[1885]] &ndash; [[Frank Patrick (ice hockey)|Frank Patrick]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1960)
*[[1920]] - [[Alicia Alonso]], Cuban ballerina
*[[1888]] &ndash; [[Jean Bouin]], French runner and rugby player (d. 1914)
* 1920 - [[Bob Bindig]], cartoonist (d. [[2006]])
* 1920 - [[Jean Gascon]], Canadian actor (d. [[1988]])
*[[1889]] &ndash; [[Sewall Wright]], American geneticist and biologist (d. 1988)
*[[1890]] &ndash; [[Hermann Joseph Muller]], American geneticist and biologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 1967)
*[[1921]] - [[Maila Nurmi]], aka Vampira, Finnish-born American actress (d. [[2008]])
*[[1891]] &ndash; [[John William McCormack]], American lawyer and politician, 53rd [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]] (d. 1980)
* 1921 - [[John Severin]], American comics artist
*[[1922]] - [[Paul Winchell]], American ventriloquist (d. [[2005]])
*[[1892]] &ndash; [[Walter Hagen]], American golfer (d. 1969)
* 1892 &ndash; [[Rebecca West]], English journalist and author (d. 1983)
*[[1923]] - [[Intizar Hussain]], [[Urdu]] writer and colomnist of [[Pakistan]]
*[[1896]] &ndash; [[Konstantin Rokossovsky]], Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (d. 1968)
*[[1926]] - [[Joe Paterno]], American football coach
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Luis Arturo González López]], Guatemalan supreme court judge and briefly acting president (d. 1965)
*[[1932]] - [[Edward Hoagland]], American essayist

*[[1935]] - [[John G. Avildsen]], American film director
===1901–present===
* 1935 - [[Lorenzo Bandini]], Italian racecar driver (d. [[1967]])
*[[1905]] &ndash; [[Käte Fenchel]], German mathematician (d. 1983)<ref>{{cite book | last1=Grinstein | first1=Louise S. | last2=Campbell | first2=Paul J. | title=Women of Mathematics : a Biobibliographic Sourcebook | place=New York | publisher=Greenwood Press | year=1987 | isbn=978-0-3132-4849-8 | page=[https://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse/page/30 30] | url=https://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse/page/30 }}</ref>
* 1935 - [[Yusuf Bey]] (Joseph Stephens), American activist (d. [[2003]])
* 1905 &ndash; [[Anthony Powell]], English author (d. 2000)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/anthony-powell-chronicler-of-time-dies-at-94-284091.html |title=Anthony Powell, chronicler of Time, dies at 94 |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |newspaper=The Independent |date=28 March 2000 |access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref>
* 1935 - [[Phil Donahue]], American talk show host
*[[1909]] &ndash; [[Seichō Matsumoto]], Japanese journalist and author (d. 1992)
* 1935 - [[Edward Schreyer]], Canadian politician, [[Premier of Manitoba]]
*[[1911]] &ndash; [[Josh Gibson]], American baseball player (d. 1947)<ref name="UPI">{{cite web |title=Famous birthdays for Dec. 21: Tom Payne, Jane Fonda |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/12/21/Famous-birthdays-for-Dec-21-Tom-Payne-Jane-Fonda/6231671587296/ |publisher=[[UPI]] |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
*[[1937]] - [[Jane Fonda]], American actress
* 1937 - [[Donald F. Munson]], American politician
*[[1913]] &ndash; [[Arnold Friberg]], American illustrator and painter (d. 2010)
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[Frank Fenner]], Australian microbiologist and virologist (d. 2010)
*[[1939]] - [[Lloyd Axworthy]], Canadian politician
*[[1917]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Böll]], German novelist and short story writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 1985)
*[[1940]] - [[Frank Zappa]], American musician (d. [[1993]])
* 1940 - [[Paul & Paula|Ray Hildebrand]], American singer ([[Paul & Paula]])
*[[1918]] &ndash; [[Donald Regan]], American colonel and politician, 11th [[White House Chief of Staff]] (d. 2003)
* 1918 &ndash; [[Kurt Waldheim]], Austrian colonel and politician; 9th [[President of Austria]] (d. 2007)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kandell |first1=Jonathan |title=Kurt Waldheim dies at 88; ex-UN chief hid Nazi past |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/14/world/europe/14iht-waldheim.3.6141106.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=18 October 2022 |date=14 June 2007}}</ref>
*[[1942]] - [[Hu Jintao]], [[President of the People's Republic of China|Chinese president]]
*[[1919]] &ndash; [[Doug Young (actor)|Doug Young]], American voice actor (d. 2018)
* 1942 - [[Reinhard Mey]], German singer
*[[1920]] &ndash; [[Alicia Alonso]], Cuban ballerina and choreographer, founded the [[Cuban National Ballet]] (d. 2019)
* 1942 - [[Carla Thomas]], American singer
* 1920 &ndash; [[Adele Goldstine]], American computer programmer (d. 1964)<ref>{{cite book | last=Henderson | first=Harry | title= A to Z of Computer Scientists | url=https://archive.org/details/tozcomputerscien00hend | url-access=limited | place=New York | publisher=Facts on File | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-8160-4531-0 | page=[https://archive.org/details/tozcomputerscien00hend/page/n111 99]}}</ref>
*[[1943]] - [[André Arthur]]. Quebec radio host
*[[1944]] - [[Zheng Xiaoyu]], Chinese bureaucrat (d. [[2007]])
*[[1922]] &ndash; [[Itubwa Amram]], Nauruan pastor and politician (d. 1989)
* 1922 &ndash; [[Cécile DeWitt-Morette]], French mathematician and physicist (d. 2017)<ref>{{cite book | last=Oakes | first=Elizabeth H. | title=Encyclopedia of World Scientists | url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00oake | url-access=limited | place=New York | publisher=Facts on File | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-8160-6158-7 | page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00oake/page/n195 179]}}</ref>
*[[1944]] - [[Michael Tilson Thomas]], American conductor
* 1922 &ndash; [[Paul Winchell]], American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (d. 2005)
* 1944 - [[Bill Atkinson (footballer)|Bill Atkinson]], English footballer
*[[1923]] &ndash; [[Wat Misaka]], American basketball player (d. 2019)<ref name=goldstein>{{cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Richard|author-link=Richard Goldstein (writer, born 1942)|title=Wat Misaka, First Nonwhite in Modern Pro Basketball, Dies at 95 | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 21, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/21/sports/basketball/wat-misaka-dead.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/21/sports/basketball/wat-misaka-dead.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|access-date=November 22, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*[[1946]] - [[Carl Wilson]], American musician ([[The Beach Boys]]) (d. [[1998]])
*[[1926]] &ndash; [[Arnošt Lustig]], Czech author and playwright (d. 2011)
* 1946 - [[Christopher Keene]], American conductor (d. [[1995]])
* 1926 &ndash; [[Joe Paterno]], American football player and coach (d. 2012)<ref name="UPI"></ref>
*[[1947]] - [[Paco de Lucía]], Spanish musician
*[[1930]] &ndash; [[Phil Roman]], American animator<ref name="el-paso">{{cite news|last=Renteria|first=Ramon|title=Art creates a life-come-true|date=January 29, 1998|newspaper=[[El Paso Times]]|page=1D}}</ref>
* 1947 - [[Bryan Hamilton]], Northern Irish footballer
*[[1932]] &ndash; [[U. R. Ananthamurthy]], Indian author, poet, and critic (d. 2014)
*[[1948]] - [[Samuel L. Jackson]], American actor
* 1948 - [[Willi Resetarits]], Austrian musician
* 1932 &ndash; [[Edward Hoagland]], American author and critic
*[[1933]] &ndash; [[Jackie Hendriks]], Jamaican cricketer
* 1948 - [[Dave Kingman]], baseball player
* 1933 &ndash; [[Robert Worcester]], American businessman and academic, founded [[MORI]]
*[[1949]] - [[Nikolaos Sifounakis]], Greek politician
*[[1950]] - [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]], American producer
*[[1934]] &ndash; [[Giuseppina Leone]], Italian sprinter
* 1934 &ndash; [[Hanif Mohammad]], Pakistani cricketer (d. 2016)
* 1950 - [[Lillebjørn Nilsen]], Norwegian singer-songwriter
*[[1935]] &ndash; [[John G. Avildsen]], American director, producer, and cinematographer (d. 2017)
*[[1951]] - [[Nick Gilder]], English musician ([[Sweeney Todd]])
* 1935 &ndash; [[Lorenzo Bandini]], Italian racing driver (d. 1967)
*[[1952]] - [[Joaquín Andújar]], baseball player
* 1935 &ndash; [[Phil Donahue]], American talk show host and producer<ref name="AP"></ref> (d. 2024)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-19 |title=Phil Donahue, talk show host pioneer and husband of Marlo Thomas, dies at 88 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/obituaries/phil-donahue-talk-show-host-pioneer-dies-rcna129601 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1953]] - [[Betty Wright]], American singer
* 1935 &ndash; [[Stela Popescu]], Romanian actress (d. 2017)
*[[1954]] - [[Chris Evert]], American tennis player
* 1935 &ndash; [[Edward Schreyer]], Canadian academic and politician, [[Governor General of Canada]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lentz |first1=Harris M. |title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 |date=4 February 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-26490-2 |page=144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA144 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1955]] - [[Jane Kaczmarek]], American actress
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Jane Fonda]], American actress and activist<ref>{{cite web |title=Jane Fonda |url=https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/jane-fonda |website=Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers |access-date=26 July 2021 |language=en |date=25 March 2020}}</ref>
* 1955 - [[Kazuyuki Sekiguchi]], Japanese musician
*[[1956]] - [[Lee Roy Parnell]], American country singer
*[[1938]] &ndash; [[Larry Bryggman]], American actor<ref name="AP"></ref>
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[Lloyd Axworthy]], Canadian academic and politician, 2nd [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
*[[1957]] - [[Tom Henke]], American baseball player
* 1939 &ndash; [[Wafic Saïd]], Syrian-Saudi Arabian financier, businessman and philanthropist
* 1957 - [[Ray Romano]], Italian-American comedian
*[[1959]] - [[Florence Griffith Joyner]], American sprinter (d. [[1998]])
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[Frank Zappa]], American singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer and producer (d. 1993)<ref name="UPI"></ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[Hu Jintao]], Chinese engineer and politician, 5th [[Paramount leader]] of China<ref name="UPI"></ref>
*[[1960]] - [[Louis Demetrius Alvanis]], London-based pianist
* 1942 &ndash; [[Carla Thomas]], American singer<ref name="AP"></ref>
* 1960 - [[Roger McDowell]], Former Major League Baseball Pitcher
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[Albert Lee]], English guitarist and songwriter<ref name="AP"></ref>
* 1960 - [[Andy Van Slyke]], baseball player
* 1943 &ndash; [[Walter Spanghero]], French rugby player
*[[1961]] - [[Francis Ng]], Hong Kong actor
* 1961 - [[Ryuji Sasai]], Japanese composer
*[[1944]] &ndash; [[Michael Tilson Thomas]], American pianist, composer, and conductor
* 1944 &ndash; [[Zheng Xiaoyu]], Chinese diplomat (d. 2007)
*[[1964]] - [[Rob Kelly]], English football manager
*[[1945]] &ndash; [[Doug Walters]], Australian cricketer
* 1964 - [[Fabiana Udenio]], Argentine actress
*[[1965]] - [[Andy Dick]], American actor and comedian
*[[1946]] &ndash; [[Roy Karch]], American director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1946 &ndash; [[Carl Wilson]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1998)<ref name="UPI"></ref>
* 1965 - [[Anke Engelke]], German comedian
*[[1947]] &ndash; [[Paco de Lucía]], Spanish guitarist, songwriter, and producer (d. 2014)
*[[1966]] - [[Kiefer Sutherland]], British-born Canadian actor
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Barry Gordon]], American actor and voice artist; longest-serving president of the Screen Actors Guild (1988–95)
* 1966 - [[Karri Turner]], American actress
* 1948 &ndash; [[Samuel L. Jackson]], American actor and producer<ref name="AP">{{cite web |last1=Rose |first1=Mike |title=Today's famous birthdays list for December 21, 2022 includes celebrities Jane Fonda, Samuel L. Jackson |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2022/12/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-december-21-2022-includes-celebrities-jane-fonda-samuel-l-jackson.html |website=[[The Plain Dealer]] |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=21 December 2022}}</ref>
*[[1967]] - [[Mikhail Saakashvili]], Soviet-born [[President of Georgia]]
* 1948 &ndash; [[Dave Kingman]], American baseball player
*[[1969]] - [[Julie Delpy]], French actress
*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Thomas Sankara]], Burkinabé captain and politician, 5th [[President of Burkina Faso]] (d. 1987)
* 1969 - [[Mihails Zemļinskis]], Latvian footballer
* 1949 &ndash; [[Nikolaos Sifounakis]], Greek lawyer and politician
*[[1970]] - [[Jamie Theakston]], English television presenter
*[[1950]] &ndash; [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]], American screenwriter and producer, co-founded [[DreamWorks Animation]]<ref name="UPI"></ref>
*[[1971]] - [[Mathieu Chedid]], French musician
* 1950 &ndash; [[Max Maven]], American magician and mentalist (d. 2022)
* 1971 - [[Fenton Keogh]], Australian celebrity chef
* 1971 - [[Brett Scallions]], American singer ([[Fuel (band)|Fuel]], The X's)
* 1950 &ndash; [[Lillebjørn Nilsen]], Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2024)
*[[1972]] - [[Latroy Hawkins]], baseball player
*[[1951]] &ndash; [[Steve Perryman]], English footballer and manager
*[[1952]] &ndash; [[Joaquín Andújar]], Dominican baseball player (d. 2015)
* 1972 - [[Erwin Schrott]], Uruguayan opera singer
* 1972 - [[Dustin Hermanson]], baseball player
* 1952 &ndash; [[Dennis Boutsikaris]], American actor<ref name="AP"></ref>
* 1952 &ndash; [[Steve Furniss]], American swimmer
*[[1973]] - [[Karmen Stavec]], German-born Slovenian singer
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[András Schiff]], Hungarian-English pianist and conductor
* 1973 - [[Mike Alstott]], American football player
* 1953 &ndash; [[Betty Wright]], American singer-songwriter (d. 2020)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Betty Wright, Grammy-Winning R&B Singer, Dies at 66|url=https://www.thewrap.com/betty-wright-grammy-winning-rb-singer-dies-at-66/|last=Fuster|first=Jeremy|date=May 10, 2020|access-date=May 10, 2020|work=[[The Wrap]]}}</ref>
*[[1974]] - [[Karrie Webb]], Australian golfer
*[[1954]] &ndash; [[Chris Evert]], American tennis player and coach<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chris Evert {{!}} Player Stats & More – WTA Official |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/50020/name |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1975]] - [[Paloma Herrera]], Argentine ballet dancer
*[[1976]] - [[Mirela Manjani]], Greek javelin thrower
*[[1955]] &ndash; [[Jane Kaczmarek]], American actress<ref name="AP"></ref>
* 1955 &ndash; [[Kazuyuki Sekiguchi]], Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
*[[1978]] - [[Mike Vitar]], American actor
*[[1979]] - [[Tuva Novotny]], Swedish actress and singer
*[[1956]] &ndash; [[Dave Laut]], American shot putter (d. 2009)
*[[1957]] &ndash; [[Ray Romano]], American actor, producer, and screenwriter<ref name="AP"></ref>
*[[1981]] - [[Cristian Zaccardo]], Italian football player
* 1957 &ndash; [[Tony Lewis (musician)|Tony Lewis]], English singer and songwriter (d. 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tonylewismusic.com/news/2018/9/18/forbes-magazine-interview|title=Forbes Magazine Interview|website=Tony Lewis|date=18 September 2018 |access-date=21 May 2019}}</ref>
* 1981 - [[Lynda Thomas]], Mexican singer
*[[1958]] &ndash; [[Tamara Bykova]], Russian high jumper
* 1981 - [[Sajid Mahmood]], English cricketer
*[[1982]] - [[Mike Gansey]], American basketball player
*[[1959]] &ndash; [[Florence Griffith Joyner]], American sprinter and actress (d. 1998)<ref name="UPI"></ref>
* 1959 &ndash; [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth]], Indian cricketer
* 1982 - [[Erica Hayden]], American journalist and radio personality
*[[1960]] &ndash; [[Sherry Rehman]], Pakistani journalist, politician, and diplomat, 25th [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]]
* 1982 - [[Philip Humber]], American baseball player
*[[1984]] - [[Darren Potter]], Irish footballer
*[[1961]] &ndash; [[Ryuji Sasai]], Japanese bass player and composer
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], Indian actor, singer, and politician
*[[1985]] - [[James Stewart Jr.]], American motorcycle racer
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Kunihiko Ikuhara]], Japanese director and illustrator
<!--Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please.
* 1964 &ndash; [[Joe Kocur]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Glenn Coleman (rugby league)|Glenn Coleman]], Australian rugby league player
If there are multiple people in the same birth year, put them in alphabetical order.
* 1965 &ndash; [[Andy Dick]], American actor and comedian<ref>{{cite web |title=Turning 50 in 2015 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/02/09/entertainment/celebs-turning-50/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=14 December 2022 |date=9 April 2015}}</ref>
Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->
* 1965 &ndash; [[Anke Engelke]], Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter
*[[1966]] &ndash; [[Michelle Hurd]], American actress<ref name="AP"></ref>
* 1966 &ndash; [[William Ruto]], 5th [[List of heads of state of Kenya|President of Kenya]]<ref name="UPI"></ref>
* 1966 &ndash; [[Kiefer Sutherland]], British-Canadian actor, director, and producer<ref>{{cite book|author1=Maxine Block|author2=Anna Herthe Rothe|author3=Marjorie Dent Candee|author4=Charles Moritz|title=Current Biography Yearbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4sYAAAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company|page=542}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Terry Mills (basketball)|Terry Mills]], American basketball player and coach
* 1967 &ndash; [[Mikheil Saakashvili]], Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd [[President of Georgia]]<ref>{{cite book|author=B. Turner|title=The Statesman's Yearbook 2008: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZPlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|date=12 January 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-349-74024-6|page=502}}</ref>
*[[1969]] &ndash; [[Julie Delpy]], French model, actress, director, and screenwriter<ref name="AP"></ref>
* 1969 &ndash; [[Mihails Zemļinskis]], Latvian footballer, coach, and manager
*[[1971]] &ndash; [[Matthieu Chedid]], French singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1971 &ndash; [[Natalie Grant]], American singer-songwriter and author<ref name="AP"></ref>
*[[1972]] &ndash; [[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy]], Indian Politician, 17th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Irakli Alasania]], Georgian colonel and politician, [[Ministry of Defense of Georgia|Georgian Minister of Defense]]
* 1973 &ndash; [[Matías Almeyda]], Argentine footballer and manager
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Karrie Webb]], Australian golfer
*[[1975]] &ndash; [[Paloma Herrera]], Argentine ballerina
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Buddy Carlyle]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Buddy Carlyle |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/buddy-carlyle-234194 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
* 1977 &ndash; [[Corey Collymore]], Barbadian cricketer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middlesexccc.com/squads/hall-of-fame/corey-collymore|title=Corey Collymore|publisher=[[Middlesex County Cricket Club]]|website=middlesexccc.com}}</ref>
* 1977 &ndash; [[Leon MacDonald]], New Zealand rugby player
* 1977 &ndash; [[Emmanuel Macron]], French politician, 25th [[President of France]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Sophie Pedder|title=Revolution Française: Emmanuel Macron and the quest to reinvent a nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lhc0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT54|date=21 June 2018|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4729-4861-8|page=54}}</ref>
* 1977 &ndash; [[Freddy Sanchez]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Freddy Sanchez |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/freddy-sanchez-408108 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
*[[1978]] &ndash; [[Emiliano Brembilla]], Italian swimmer
* 1978 &ndash; [[Charles Dera]], American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter
* 1978 &ndash; [[Shaun Morgan]], South African musician, singer, and guitarist
* 1978 &ndash; [[Rutina Wesley]], American actress<ref name="AP"></ref>
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Steve Montador]], Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Marta Fernández (basketball)|Marta Fernández]], Spanish basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Marta Fernandez |url=https://www.wnba.com/player/201037/marta-fernandez |publisher=[[WNBA]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
* 1981 &ndash; [[Cristian Zaccardo]], Italian footballer
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[Primo Colón]], Puerto Rican wrestler<ref>{{cite web |title=Primo |url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/17174098/football/club |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=11 August 2016}}</ref>
* 1982 &ndash; [[Philip Humber]], American baseball player
* 1982 &ndash; [[Tom Payne (actor)|Tom Payne]], English actor<ref name="UPI"></ref>
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Taylor Teagarden]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor Teagarden |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/taylor-teagarden-460003 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
* 1983 &ndash; [[Steven Yeun]], American actor<ref name="AP"></ref>
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Tom Sturridge]], English actor
*[[1987]] &ndash; [[Khris Davis]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Khris Davis |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/khris-davis-501981 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Danny Duffy]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Danny Duffy |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/danny-duffy-518633 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
* 1988 &ndash; [[Perri Shakes-Drayton]], English sprinter and hurdler
*[[1989]] &ndash; [[Mark Ingram II]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Mark Ingram II |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/13981/mark-ingram-ii |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=14 December 2022}}</ref>
* 1989 &ndash; [[Tamannaah]], Indian actress
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Nic Maddinson]], Australian cricketer<ref>http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/333780.html ESPNcricinfo</ref>
* 1991 &ndash; [[Otis (wrestler)|Otis]], American wrestler<ref>{{cite web |title=Otis Dozovic |url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/25765217/wwe-profile-page-otis-dozovic |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=8 March 2022}}</ref>
* 1991 &ndash; [[Riccardo Saponara]], Italian footballer
*[[1992]] &ndash; [[Ha Ha Clinton-Dix]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Ha Ha Clinton-Dix |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/16735/ha-ha-clintondix |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
* 1992 &ndash; [[Jamie Oleksiak]], Canadian ice hockey player<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamie Oleksiak |url=https://www.nhl.com/kraken/player/jamie-oleksiak-8476467 |publisher=[[National Hockey League]] |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[Luke Brooks]], Australian rugby league player<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/luke-brooks/summary.html|title=Luke Brooks – Career Stats & Summary|publisher=Rugby League Project|access-date=2016-03-14}}</ref>
*[[1996]] &ndash; [[Kaitlyn Dever]], American actress<ref name="AP"></ref>
*[[1997]] &ndash; [[Madelyn Cline]], American actress and model<ref name="UPI"></ref>
* 1997 &ndash; [[Charlie McAvoy]], American ice hockey player <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlie McAvoy Stats And News |url=https://www.nhl.com/bruins/player/charlie-mcavoy-8479325 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=www.nhl.com |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2002]] &ndash; [[Clara Tauson]], Danish tennis player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clara Tauson {{!}} Player Stats & More – WTA Official |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/327793/clara-tauson |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref>
<!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence. If there are multiple people in the same birth year, put them in alphabetical order. Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->


==Deaths==
==Deaths==
===Pre-1600===
* [[72]] - [[Thomas the Apostle]]
*[[1295]] - [[Marguerite Berenger of Provence]], wife of [[Louis IX of France]] (bc. [[1221]])
*[[AD 72]] &ndash; [[Thomas the Apostle]], Roman martyr and saint (b. 1 AD)
*[[1308]] - [[Henry I of Hesse]] (b. [[1244]])
* [[882]] &ndash; [[Hincmar]], French archbishop and historian (b. 806)
* [[956]] &ndash; [[Sun Sheng (Southern Tang)|Sun Sheng]], Chinese chancellor
*[[1375]] - [[Giovanni Boccaccio]], Italian writer (b. [[1313]])
*[[1504]] - [[Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild]], German archbishop and elector (b. [[1442]])
* [[975]] &ndash; [[Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah|Al-Mu'izz]], Fatimid caliph (b. 932)
*[[1549]] - [[Marguerite of Navarre]], wife of [[Henry II of Navarre]] (b. [[1492]])
*[[1001]] &ndash; [[Hugh of Tuscany]], Italian margrave (b. 950)
*[[1215]] &ndash; [[Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid]], ''[[Da'i al-Mutlaq|Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq]]'' of [[Tayyibi Isma'ilism]] (b. c. 1128)<ref>{{EI3 | last = Poonawala | first = Ismail K. | title = ʿAlī b. al-Walīd | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22932}}</ref>
*[[1579]] - [[Vicente Masip]], Spanish painter
*[[1597]] - [[Petrus Canisius]], Dutch Jesuit (b. [[1521]])
*[[1308]] &ndash; [[Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse]] (b. 1244)
*[[1338]] &ndash; [[Thomas Hemenhale]], bishop of Worcester
*[[1807]] - [[John Newton]], English cleric and hymnist (b. [[1725]])
*[[1362]] &ndash; [[Constantine III, King of Armenia|Constantine III]], king of Armenia (b. 1313)
*[[1824]] - [[James Parkinson]], English physician, geologist, paleontologist, and political activist (b. [[1755]])
*[[1873]] - [[Francis Garnier]], French explorer (b. [[1839]])
*[[1375]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Boccaccio]], Italian author and poet (b. 1313)
*[[1889]] - [[Friedrich August von Quenstedt]], German geologist (b. [[1809]])
*[[1504]] &ndash; [[Berthold von Henneberg]], German archbishop (b. 1442)
*[[1536]] &ndash; [[John Seymour (1474–1536)|John Seymour]], English courtier (b. 1474)
*[[1900]] - [[Roger Wolcott (Massachusetts)|Roger Wolcott]], American political figure, 39th [[Governor of Massachusetts]] (b. [[1847]])
*[[1933]] - [[Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen]], Greenlandic polar explorer and anthropologist (b. [[1879]])
*[[1549]] &ndash; [[Marguerite de Navarre]], queen of [[Henry II of Navarre]] (b. 1492)
*[[1935]] - [[Kurt Tucholsky]], German journalist and satirist (b. [[1890]])
*[[1581]] &ndash; [[Jean de la Cassière]], 51st Grandmaster of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] (b. 1502)
*[[1597]] &ndash; [[Peter Canisius]], Dutch priest and saint (b. 1521)
*[[1937]] - [[Frank B. Kellogg]], [[United States Secretary of State]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1856]])
===1601–1900===
*[[1940]] - [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], American writer (b. [[1896]])
*[[1608]] &ndash; [[William Davison (diplomat)|William Davison]], secretary to Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] (b. c. 1541)
*[[1945]] - [[George S. Patton]], U.S. general (b. [[1885]])
*[[1957]] - [[Eric Coates]], English composer (b. [[1886]])
*[[1610]] &ndash; [[Catherine Vasa]], Swedish princess (b. 1539)
*[[1701]] &ndash; [[Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet|Sir Hugh Paterson]], Baronet of Bannockburn (b. 1659)
*[[1958]] - [[Lion Feuchtwanger]], German writer (b. [[1884]])
*[[1959]] - [[Rosanjin]], Japanese [[calligrapher]], restaurateur and ceramicist (b. [[1883]])
*[[1807]] &ndash; [[John Newton]], English soldier and minister (b. 1725)
*[[1964]] - [[Carl Van Vechten]], American writer and photographer (b. [[1880]])
*[[1824]] &ndash; [[James Parkinson]], English physician and paleontologist (b. 1755)
*[[1965]] - [[Claude Champagne]], Quebec composer (b. [[1891]])
*[[1869]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Ernst Scheller]], German jurist and politician (b. 1791)
*[[1967]] - [[Stuart Erwin]], American actor (b. [[1903]])
*[[1873]] &ndash; [[Francis Garnier]], French admiral and explorer (b. 1839)
*[[1974]] - [[James Henry Govier]], British artist (b. [[1910]])
*[[1889]] &ndash; [[Friedrich August von Quenstedt]], German geologist and palaeontologist (b. 1809)
===1901–present===
* 1974 - [[Richard Long (actor)|Richard Long]], American actor (b. [[1927]])
*[[1920]] &ndash; [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]], leader of the [[Dervish state|Dervish movement]] (b. 1856)
*[[1981]] - [[Allan Dwan]], Canadian-born American director and screenwriter (b. [[1885]])
*[[1983]] - [[Paul de Man]], Belgian-born literary critic (b. [[1919]])
*[[1929]] &ndash; [[I. L. Patterson]], American politician, 18th [[Governor of Oregon]] (b. 1859)
*[[1933]] &ndash; [[Knud Rasmussen]], Greenlandic anthropologist and explorer (b. 1879)
*[[1987]] - [[John Spence (musician)|John Spence]], founding [[No Doubt]] member (b. [[1969]])
*[[1935]] &ndash; [[Ted Birnie]], English footballer and manager (b. 1878)
*[[1988]] - [[Nikolaas Tinbergen]], Dutch ornithologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1907]])
* 1935 &ndash; [[Kurt Tucholsky]], German-Swedish journalist and author (b. 1890)
*[[1990]] - [[Clarence Johnson|Clarence "Kelly" Johnson]], American aeronautical engineer ([[Lockheed]] [[Skunk Works]]; b. [[1910]])
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Violette Neatley Anderson]], American judge (b. 1882)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssMBzqrUpjwC&pg=PA11|title=Notable Black American Women|last1=Smith|first1=Jessie Carney|last2=Phelps|first2=Shirelle|date=1996|publisher=VNR AG|isbn=978-0-8103-9177-2|page=11}}</ref>
*[[1992]] - [[Albert King]], American [[blues]] musician (b. [[1924]])
* 1992 - [[Nathan Milstein]], Ukrainian violinist (b. [[1903]])
* 1937 &ndash; [[Ted Healy]], American comedian and actor (b. 1896)
* 1937 &ndash; [[Frank B. Kellogg]], American lawyer and politician, 45th [[United States Secretary of State]], [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1856)
*[[1997]] - [[Amie Comeaux]], American country music singer (b. [[1976]])
*[[1998]] - [[Roger Avon]], Durham actor (b. [[1914]])
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], American novelist and short story writer (b. 1896)
*[[1998]] - [[Karl Denver]], Scottish singer (b [[1931]])
*[[1945]] &ndash; [[George S. Patton]], American general (b. 1885)
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Władysław Witwicki]], Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (b. 1878)<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowicki |first=Andrzej |author-link=Andrzej Nowicki (philosopher) |title=Witwicki | publisher=Wiedza Powszechna |location=Warszawa |year=1982 |language=pl |page=120 |isbn=83-214-0301-8}}</ref>
* 1998 - [[Ernst Gunther Schenck]], [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[Physician|doctor]] who joined the [[Sturmabteilung]] in [[1933]] {b. [[1904]])
*[[2001]] - [[Dick Schaap]], American sports journalist (b. [[1934]])
*[[1952]] &ndash; [[Kenneth Edwards (golfer)|Kenneth Edwards]], American golfer (b. 1886)
*[[2003]] - [[Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg]], Spanish playboy and businessman (b. [[1924]])
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Kaarlo Koskelo]], Finnish-American wrestler and businessman (b. 1888)
*[[2004]] - [[Autar Singh Paintal]], Indian medical scientist (b. [[1925]])
*[[1957]] &ndash; [[Eric Coates]], English viola player and composer (b. 1886)
*[[2005]] - [[Elrod Hendricks]], American baseball player and coach (b. [[1940]])
*[[1958]] &ndash; [[H.B. Warner]], English actor (b. 1875)
* 1958 &ndash; [[Lion Feuchtwanger]], German-American author and playwright (b. 1884)
*[[2006]] - [[Scobie Breasley]], Australian jockey (b. [[1914]])
*[[1959]] &ndash; [[Rosanjin]], Japanese calligrapher, engraver, and painter (b. 1883)
* 2006 - [[Saparmurat Niyazov]], President of Turkmenistan (b. [[1940]])
*[[2007]] - [[Ken Hendricks]], American businessman (b. [[1941]])
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Jack Hobbs]], English cricketer and journalist (b. 1882)
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Carl Van Vechten]], American author and photographer (b. 1880)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Vogel|first=Shane|entry=Van Vechten, Carl (1880–1964)|encyclopedia=[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism]]]|date=2016|doi=10.4324/9781135000356-REM130-1|isbn=9781135000356}}</ref>
<!--
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Claude Champagne]], Canadian violinist, pianist, and composer (b. 1891)
Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Vittorio Pozzo]], Italian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1886)
Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Richard Long (actor)|Richard Long]], American actor and director (b. 1927)
Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri]], Pakistani poet and composer (b. 1900)
-->
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Paul de Man]], Belgian-born philosopher, literary critic and theorist (b. 1919)
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Nikolaas Tinbergen]], Dutch-English ethologist and ornithologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1907)
*[[1992]] &ndash; [[Stella Adler]], American actress and educator (b. 1901)<ref>{{cite web |title=Stella Adler {{!}} American actress {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stella-Adler |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=10 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* 1992 &ndash; [[Albert King]], American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1924)
* 1992 &ndash; [[Nathan Milstein]], Russian-American violinist and composer (b. 1903)
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Ernst-Günther Schenck]], German colonel and physician (b. 1904)
*[[2004]] &ndash; [[Autar Singh Paintal]], Indian physiologist and neurologist (b. 1925)
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Saparmurat Niyazov]], Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st [[President of Turkmenistan]] (b. 1940)
*[[2009]] &ndash; [[Edwin G. Krebs]], American biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1918)
* 2009 &ndash; [[Christos Lambrakis]], Greek journalist and businessman (b. 1934)
*[[2010]] &ndash; [[Enzo Bearzot]], Italian footballer and manager (b. 1927)
*[[2013]] &ndash; [[Edgar Bronfman Sr.]], Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1929)
* 2013 &ndash; [[John Eisenhower]], American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th [[United States Ambassador to Belgium]] (b. 1922)
*[[2014]] &ndash; [[Udo Jürgens]], Austrian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1934)
* 2014 &ndash; [[Sitor Situmorang]], Indonesian poet and author (b. 1923)
* 2014 &ndash; [[Billie Whitelaw]], English actress (b. 1932)<ref>{{cite news|last=Coveney|first=Michael |title=Billie Whitelaw obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/dec/22/billie-whitelaw|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=24 June 2020 |date=22 December 2014}}</ref>
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Bruce McCandless II]], US astronaut who conducted the first untethered spacewalk (b. 1937)
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[Andrew Clennel Palmer]], British engineer (b. 1938)<ref>{{ cite journal | last = King | first = Roger Anthony | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0015 | date = 27 July 2022 | title = Andrew Clennel Palmer. 26 May 1938 – 21 December 2019 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 73 | pages = 379–393 | s2cid = 251071307 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
<!--Please do not add non-notable people, fictional characters or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.-->


==Holidays and observances==
==Holidays and observances==
*[[Armed Forces Day]] ([[Philippines]])
* [[Roman festivals]] - [[Divalia]] in honour of [[Angerona]]
*Christian [[Calendar of saints|feast day]]:
* [[Calendar of Saints|R.C. Saints]] - [[O Oriens]], Saint [[Petrus Canisius]]; formerly feast day of [[Thomas (apostle)|Thomas the apostle]]
**[[O Oriens]]
* In the [[Northern Hemisphere]], the [[winter solstice]], sometimes known as ''[[Yule]]'', occurs on or very close to this date. In the [[Southern Hemisphere]], the summer [[solstice]] occurs around this time.
**[[Peter Canisius]]
* [[Yalda]], originally a religious holiday for [[Zoroastrians]], is now a social holiday in [[Iran]].
**[[Thomas the Apostle]]
*[[Chester Greenwood]] Day in Maine, he was the inventor of earmuffs.
**[[December 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)]]
*[[Forefathers' Day]] ([[Plymouth, Massachusetts]])
*[[Public holidays in São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé Day]] ([[São Tomé and Príncipe]])
*The first day of [[Pancha Ganapati]], celebrated until December 25 ([[Saiva Siddhanta Church]])
*Gravy Day ([[Australia]]), celebrated in honour of the song "[[How to Make Gravy]]" by [[Paul Kelly (Australian musician)|Paul Kelly]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything You Need To Know About Gravy Day |url=https://www.triplem.com.au/story/everything-you-need-to-know-about-gravy-day-209841 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=[[Triple M]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/21 BBC: On This Day]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/21 BBC: On This Day]
* {{NYT On this day|month=12|day=21}}
* {{NYT On this day|month=12|day=21}}
* [https://www.onthisday.com/events/december/21 Historical Events on December 21]
* [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Dec&day=21 On This Day in Canada]

----
{{months}}
{{months}}


[[Category:Days of the year]]
[[Category:December]]
[[Category:December]]

[[af:21 Desember]]
[[ar:21 ديسمبر]]
[[an:21 d'abiento]]
[[frp:21 dècembro]]
[[ast:21 d'avientu]]
[[az:21 dekabr]]
[[bn:ডিসেম্বর ২১]]
[[be:21 снежня]]
[[be-x-old:21 сьнежня]]
[[bs:21. decembar]]
[[br:21 Kerzu]]
[[bg:21 декември]]
[[ca:21 de desembre]]
[[cv:Раштав, 21]]
[[ceb:Disyembre 21]]
[[cs:21. prosinec]]
[[co:21 di decembre]]
[[cy:21 Rhagfyr]]
[[da:21. december]]
[[de:21. Dezember]]
[[et:21. detsember]]
[[el:21 Δεκεμβρίου]]
[[es:21 de diciembre]]
[[eo:21-a de decembro]]
[[eu:Abenduaren 21]]
[[fa:۲۱ دسامبر]]
[[fo:21. desember]]
[[fr:21 décembre]]
[[fy:21 desimber]]
[[fur:21 di Dicembar]]
[[ga:21 Nollaig]]
[[gv:21 Mee ny Nollick]]
[[gd:21 an Dùbhlachd]]
[[gl:21 de decembro]]
[[ko:12월 21일]]
[[hy:Դեկտեմբերի 21]]
[[hi:21 दिसंबर]]
[[hr:21. prosinca]]
[[io:21 di decembro]]
[[bpy:ডিসেম্বর ২১]]
[[id:21 Desember]]
[[ia:21 de decembre]]
[[is:21. desember]]
[[it:21 dicembre]]
[[he:21 בדצמבר]]
[[jv:21 Desember]]
[[pam:Disiembri 21]]
[[kn:ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೨೧]]
[[ka:21 დეკემბერი]]
[[csb:21 gòdnika]]
[[kk:Желтоқсанның 21]]
[[sw:21 Desemba]]
[[ht:21 desanm]]
[[ku:21'ê berfanbarê]]
[[la:21 Decembris]]
[[lb:21. Dezember]]
[[lt:Gruodžio 21]]
[[li:21 december]]
[[lmo:21 12]]
[[hu:December 21]]
[[mk:21 декември]]
[[ml:ഡിസംബര്‍ 21]]
[[mr:डिसेंबर २१]]
[[ms:21 Disember]]
[[nl:21 december]]
[[nds-nl:21 december]]
[[ja:12月21日]]
[[nap:21 'e dicembre]]
[[no:21. desember]]
[[nn:21. desember]]
[[nrm:21 Dézembre]]
[[nov:21 de desembre]]
[[oc:21 de decembre]]
[[uz:21 dekabr]]
[[pag:December 21]]
[[nds:21. Dezember]]
[[pl:21 grudnia]]
[[pt:21 de Dezembro]]
[[ksh:21. Dezemmber]]
[[ro:21 decembrie]]
[[ru:21 декабря]]
[[se:Juovlamánu 21.]]
[[sco:21 December]]
[[sq:21 Dhjetor]]
[[scn:21 di dicèmmiru]]
[[simple:December 21]]
[[sk:21. december]]
[[sl:21. december]]
[[sr:21. децембар]]
[[sh:21.12.]]
[[su:21 Désémber]]
[[fi:21. joulukuuta]]
[[sv:21 december]]
[[tl:Disyembre 21]]
[[ta:டிசம்பர் 21]]
[[tt:21. Dekäber]]
[[te:డిసెంబర్ 21]]
[[th:21 ธันวาคม]]
[[vi:21 tháng 12]]
[[tg:21 декабр]]
[[tr:21 Aralık]]
[[uk:21 грудня]]
[[vec:21 de diçenbre]]
[[vo:Dekul 21]]
[[fiu-vro:21. joulukuu päiv]]
[[wa:21 di decimbe]]
[[vls:21 december]]
[[war:Disyembre 21]]
[[zh-yue:12月21號]]
[[cbk-zam:21 de Diciembre]]
[[bat-smg:Groudė 21]]
[[zh:12月21日]]

Latest revision as of 07:01, 10 November 2024

For the doomsday prediction, see 2012 phenomenon.

<< December >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31  
2024
December 21 in recent years
  2023 (Thursday)
  2022 (Wednesday)
  2021 (Tuesday)
  2020 (Monday)
  2019 (Saturday)
  2018 (Friday)
  2017 (Thursday)
  2016 (Wednesday)
  2015 (Monday)
  2014 (Sunday)

December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 10 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

[edit]

Pre-1600

[edit]

1601–1900

[edit]

1901–present

[edit]

Births

[edit]

Pre-1600

[edit]

1601–1900

[edit]

1901–present

[edit]

Deaths

[edit]

Pre-1600

[edit]

1601–1900

[edit]

1901–present

[edit]

Holidays and observances

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sandler, Stanley (2002). Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 923. ISBN 978-1-57607-344-5.
  2. ^ Levillain, Philippe (2002). The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies. Psychology Press. p. 732. ISBN 978-0-415-92230-2.
  3. ^ Toynbee, Paget Jackson (1910). Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works. London: Methuen. p. 2. ISBN 9780827438156. OCLC 8059335; Hüsken, Wim (2021). "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall... History in Late Medieval Drama From the Low Countries". In Happé, Peter; Hüsken, Wim N. M. (eds.). Staging History: Essays in Late Medieval and Humanist Drama. Leiden: Brill Rodopi. p. 148. ISBN 9789004449497.
  4. ^ Rachewiltz, Igor de; Wang, May (1993). In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-447-03339-8.
  5. ^ Prieto Pastén, Andrés I. (2021). "Empathy with the Mapuche: Rosales's Manifiesto apologético and Pineda y Bascuñán's Cautiverio feliz". In López-Calvo, Ignacio (ed.). A History of Chilean Literature. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9781108487375.
  6. ^ Griffiths, Sian (20 September 2019). "The Canadian who invented basketball". BBC. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  7. ^ Naismith, James (1941). Basketball: Its Origin and Development. New York City: Association Press. pp. 53–59.
  8. ^ Hoehn, Marek (2007). "Una visión comparativa sobre la huelga de Santa María de Iquique y el legado de los movimientos obreros de la época". In Vásquez, David (ed.). La Masacre de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique: Mirada Histórica desde la Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. p. 110. ISBN 978-956-7629-04-6. Ya es sabido que dicha huelga culminó en la masacre de más de dos mil obreros en la escuela Santa María
  9. ^ MacDonald, Laurence E. (2013). The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History. New York: The Scarecrow Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8108-8397-0.
  10. ^ "Lockerbie bombing suspect in US custody". BBC News. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  11. ^ Fedor, Helen (1995). Belarus and Moldova: Country Studies (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division. p. 195. ISBN 0844408492.
  12. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 F-GTDI Guatemala City-La Aurora Airport (GUA)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  13. ^ Alper, Alexandra (21 December 2012). "Celebrations in Mexico as world survives Maya "end of days"". Reuters. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  14. ^ "See the Great Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, 21 December 2020". BBC Sky at Night Magazine. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  15. ^ "A lone gunman opens fire in a Prague university, killing 15 people and injuring 24". AP News. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  16. ^ Bruce Cole (1980). Masaccio and the art of early Renaissance Florence. Indiana University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-253-12298-8.
  17. ^ Ann Hoffmann (1977). Lives of the Tudor Age, 1485–1603. Barnes & Noble Books. p. 476. ISBN 978-0-06-494331-4.
  18. ^ Rajiva Nain Prasad (1966). Raja Mān Singh of Amber. World Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780842614733.
  19. ^ The American Quarterly Register. The Society. 1841. p. 276.
  20. ^ Andreas D Boldt (29 March 2019). Leopold Von Ranke: A Biography. Taylor & Francis. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-351-04272-7.
  21. ^ Jonathan Parry (23 April 2007). Benjamin Disraeli. OUP Oxford. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-164751-2.
  22. ^ Riemann, Hugo (1908). Dictionary of Music. Translated by Shedlock, J. S. (4th ed.). Augener & Co. p. 185.
  23. ^ "Obituary: Chevalier Ernest de Munck". Musical News. Vol. 48. January 30, 1915. p. 96.
  24. ^ Cardozo, Nancy (2000). Maud Gonne. New York: Amsterdam Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-9415-3395-9.
  25. ^ Sicherman, Barbara; Hurd Green, Carol (1983). Notable American Women: The Modern Period. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-6746-2733-8.
  26. ^ Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (1987). Women of Mathematics : a Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-3132-4849-8.
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