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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Paracanthopoma parva''
| genus = Paracanthopoma
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| parent_authority = [[Louis Pierre Giltay|Giltay]], 1935
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| species = parva
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| display_parents = 3
| ordo = [[Catfish|Siluriformes]]
| authority = [[Louis Pierre Giltay|Giltay]], 1935
⚫
| familia = [[Trichomycteridae]]
| subfamilia = [[Vandelliinae]]
| genus = '''''Paracanthopoma'''''
| genus_authority = Giltay, 1935
| type_species = ''Paracanthopoma parva''
| type_species_authority = Giltay, 1935
| subdivision_ranks = [[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]]
| subdivision =
<center>
'''''Paracanthopoma parva'''''<br><small>Giltay, 1935</small><br>
'''''Paracanthopoma sp. ("bad-boy")'''''<br><small>Zuanon & Sazima, 2005</small><br>
</center>
}}
}}


'''''Paracanthopoma''''' is a [[genus]] of [[catfish]]es ([[order (biology)|order]] Siluriformes) of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Trichomycteridae]]. It contains one described [[species]], '''''P. parva'''''.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf|title=Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types|first=Carl J., Jr.|last=Ferraris|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1418|pages=1–628|year=2007|format=[[PDF]]}}</ref> ''P. parva'' grows to about 2.7&nbsp;[[centimetre]]s (1.1&nbsp;[[inch|in]]) [[fish measurement|SL]] and originates from the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] and [[Essequibo River]] basins.<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase species|genus=Paracanthopoma|species=parva|year=2007|month=July}}</ref>
'''''Paracanthopoma parva''''' is a [[species]] of [[catfish]]es ([[order (biology)|order]] Siluriformes) of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Trichomycteridae]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf|title=Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types|first=Carl J. Jr.|last=Ferraris|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1418|pages=1–628|year=2007|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1}}</ref> ''P. parva'' grows to about 2.7&nbsp;centimetres (1.1&nbsp;in) [[fish measurement|SL]] and is [[endemism|endemic]] to [[Brazil]] where it occurs in the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] and [[Essequibo River]] basins.<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase|genus=Paracanthopoma|species=parva|year=2012|month=February}}</ref>


An undescribed species of ''Paracanthopoma'' has been found to ride ''[[Zungaro zungaro]]'' catfish; their snouts were buried up to the eyes in the tough skin on the host’s [[caudal fin|caudal]] and [[pectoral fin]]s, as well as the base of the [[dorsal fin]]. ''Paracanthopoma parva'' has been found on the gills of another species of giant catfish, ''[[Brachyplatystoma vaillanti]]''. Species within the genus ''Paracanthopoma'' have the longest and most robust snout, and the longest and strongest dentary teeth among blood-feeding [[candiru]]s, which fit their drilling needs. Riding on a giant host is advantageous for dispersal, no need to search for hosts to feed, and protection from predators. It is unlikely that ''Paracanthopoma'' takes blood from the tiny holes it drills in the skin; the areas these fish attach to have no large blood vessels to supply them with blood, and fish that have been riding are found only with trace amounts of blood in their digestive tracts. Also, most vandelliine candirus take blood from the gill region of their hosts.<ref name="Zuanon">{{cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bn/v5n1/v5n1a11.pdf|title=Free Meals on Long-Distance Cruisers: The Vampire Fish Rides Giant Catfishes in the Amazon|first=Jansen|last=Zuanon|coauthors=Sazima, Ivan|journal=Biota Neotropica|volume=5|issue=1|year=2005|format=[[PDF]]}}</ref>
''Paracanthopoma parva'' has been found on the gills of another species of giant catfish, ''[[Brachyplatystoma vaillanti]]''. Species within the genus ''Paracanthopoma'' have the longest and most robust snout, and the longest and strongest dentary teeth among blood-feeding [[Candiru (fish)|candiru]]s, which fit their drilling needs. Riding on a giant host is advantageous for dispersal, no need to search for hosts to feed, and protection from predators. It is unlikely that ''Paracanthopoma'' takes blood from the tiny holes it drills in the skin; the areas these fish attach to have no large blood vessels to supply them with blood, and fish that have been riding are found only with trace amounts of blood in their digestive tracts. Also, most vandelliine candirus take blood from the gill region of their hosts.<ref name="Zuanon">{{cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bn/v5n1/v5n1a11.pdf|title=Free Meals on Long-Distance Cruisers: The Vampire Fish Rides Giant Catfishes in the Amazon|first=Jansen|last=Zuanon|author2=Sazima, Ivan|journal=Biota Neotropica|volume=5|issue=1|year=2005|doi=10.1590/S1676-06032005000100012|page=109|doi-access=free}}</ref>

An undescribed species of ''Paracanthopoma'' has been found to ride ''[[Zungaro zungaro]]'' catfish; their snouts were buried up to the eyes in the tough skin on the host's [[caudal fin|caudal]] and [[pectoral fin]]s, as well as the base of the [[dorsal fin]].


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

{{catfish-stub}}
==External links==
* [http://sazima.net Sazima Network] - Relevant Scientific Papers and Pictures.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3132508}}

[[Category:Trichomycteridae]]
[[Category:Trichomycteridae]]
[[Category:Fish of South America]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1935]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Amazon]]
[[Category:Pencil catfish of Brazil]]
[[Category:Fish of the Amazon basin]]
[[Category:Endemic fish of Brazil]]
[[Category:Monotypic fish genera]]


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{{Trichomycteridae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:30, 13 April 2024

Paracanthopoma parva
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Trichomycteridae
Subfamily: Vandelliinae
Genus: Paracanthopoma
Giltay, 1935
Species:
P. parva
Binomial name
Paracanthopoma parva
Giltay, 1935

Paracanthopoma parva is a species of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae.[1] P. parva grows to about 2.7 centimetres (1.1 in) SL and is endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Amazon and Essequibo River basins.[2]

Paracanthopoma parva has been found on the gills of another species of giant catfish, Brachyplatystoma vaillanti. Species within the genus Paracanthopoma have the longest and most robust snout, and the longest and strongest dentary teeth among blood-feeding candirus, which fit their drilling needs. Riding on a giant host is advantageous for dispersal, no need to search for hosts to feed, and protection from predators. It is unlikely that Paracanthopoma takes blood from the tiny holes it drills in the skin; the areas these fish attach to have no large blood vessels to supply them with blood, and fish that have been riding are found only with trace amounts of blood in their digestive tracts. Also, most vandelliine candirus take blood from the gill region of their hosts.[3]

An undescribed species of Paracanthopoma has been found to ride Zungaro zungaro catfish; their snouts were buried up to the eyes in the tough skin on the host's caudal and pectoral fins, as well as the base of the dorsal fin.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ferraris, Carl J. Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1418: 1–628. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Paracanthopoma parva". FishBase. February 2012 version.
  3. ^ Zuanon, Jansen; Sazima, Ivan (2005). "Free Meals on Long-Distance Cruisers: The Vampire Fish Rides Giant Catfishes in the Amazon" (PDF). Biota Neotropica. 5 (1): 109. doi:10.1590/S1676-06032005000100012.
[edit]


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