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{{Short description|Genus of rodents}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Tree squirrels
| fossil_range = Middle [[Miocene]] - Recent
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Middle Miocene|Recent}}
| image = Eastern Gray Squirrel 800.jpg
| image = Red squirrel (21808).jpg
| image_caption = [[Red squirrel]] (''Sciurus vulgaris'')
| image_width = 250px
| taxon = Sciurus
| image_caption = [[Eastern Gray Squirrel]] (''Sciurus carolinensis'')
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| type_species = ''[[Sciurus vulgaris]]''
| type_species_authority =
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
| ordo = [[Rodent]]ia
| subdivision_ranks = Subgenera
| subordo = [[Sciuromorpha]]
| familia = [[Sciuridae]]
| subfamilia = [[Sciurinae]]
| tribus = [[Sciurini]]
| genus = '''''Sciurus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Linnaeus]], 1758
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subgenera]]
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
''Tenes''<br>
''Tenes''<br />
''Sciurus''<br>
''Sciurus''<br />
''Hesperosciurus''<br>
''Hesperosciurus''<br />
''Otosciurus''<br>
''Otosciurus''<br />
''Guerlinguetus''<br>
''Guerlinguetus''<br />
''Hadrosciurus''<br>
''Hadrosciurus''<br />
''Urosciurus''
''Urosciurus''
}}
}}

The genus ''[[Sciurus]]'' contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Temperate zone|temperate]] [[Asia]], [[Central America]] and [[South America]].
The [[genus]] '''''Sciurus''''' ({{IPAc-en|s|aɪ|ˈ|jʊər|ə|s}} or {{IPAc-en|s|I|'|j|u:|r|@|s}}) contains most of the common, bushy-tailed [[squirrel]]s in [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Temperate zone|temperate]] [[Asia]], [[Central America]] and [[South America]].<ref name="Thorington">{{MSW3 Sciuridae | id = 12400066 | pages = 758–765 | heading = Genus ''Sciurus''}}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
The number of species in the genus is subject to change.
*Genus '''''Sciurus'''''
In 2005, Thorington & Hoffman- whose taxonomic interpretation is followed by the IUCN website- accepted 28 species in the genus:{{Efn|Most squirrel assessments were written in 2008, despite most being dated 2016/2017}}
**Subgenus ''Tenes''

***''[[Sciurus anomalus]]''- Persian Squirrel
**Subgenus ''Sciurus''
Genus '''''Sciurus'''''
[[File:Sciurus granatensis Humboldt 1811.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Red-tailed squirrel|''Sciurus granatensis'']]]]
***''[[Sciurus vulgaris]]'' - Eurasian Red Squirrel
***''[[Sciurus lis]]'' - Japanese Squirrel
*Subgenus '''''Sciurus'''''
**[[Allen's squirrel]], ''Sciurus alleni''
***''[[Sciurus carolinensis]]'' - Eastern Gray Squirrel
**[[Arizona gray squirrel]], ''Sciurus arizonensis''
***''[[Sciurus aureogaster]]'' - Mexican Gray Squirrel
**[[Mexican gray squirrel]], ''Sciurus aureogaster''
***''[[Sciurus colliaei]]'' - Collie's Squirrel
**[[Eastern gray squirrel]], ''Sciurus carolinensis''
***''[[Sciurus yucatanensis]]'' - Yucatan Squirrel
**[[Collie's squirrel]], ''Sciurus colliaei''
***''[[Sciurus variegatoides]]'' - Variegated Squirrel
**[[Deppe's squirrel]], ''Sciurus deppei''
***''[[Sciurus deppei]]'' - Deppe's Squirrel
**[[Japanese squirrel]], ''Sciurus lis''
***''[[Sciurus niger]]'' - Eastern Fox Squirrel
**[[Calabrian black squirrel]], ''Sciurus meridionalis''<ref name=Wauters17>{{cite journal | author1=Wauters, Lucas A. | author2=Giovanni Amori | author3=Gaetano Aloise | author4=Spartaco Gippoliti | author5=Paolo Agnelli | author6=Andrea Galimberti | author7=Maurizio Casiraghi | author8=Damiano Preatoni | author9=Adriano Martinoli | year=2017 | title=New endemic mammal species for Europe: Sciurus meridionalis (Rodentia, Sciuridae) | url=http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/New-endemic-mammal-species-for-Europe-Sciurus-meridionalis-Rodentia-Sciuridae-,77104,0,2.html | journal=Hystrix | volume=28 | number=1 | pages=1–28 | doi=10.4404/hystrix-28.1-12015}}</ref>
***''[[Sciurus oculatus]]'' - Peters's Squirrel
**[[Mexican fox squirrel]], ''Sciurus nayaritensis''
***''[[Sciurus alleni]]'' - Allen's Squirrel
**[[Fox squirrel]], ''Sciurus niger''
***''[[Sciurus nayaritensis]]'' - Mexican Fox Squirrel
**[[Peters's squirrel]], ''Sciurus oculatus''
***''[[Sciurus arizonensis]]'' - Arizona Gray Squirrel
**[[Variegated squirrel]], ''Sciurus variegatoides''
**Subgenus ''Hesperosciurus''
**[[Red squirrel|Eurasian red squirrel]], ''Sciurus vulgaris''
***''[[Sciurus griseus]]'' - Western Gray Squirrel
**[[Yucatan squirrel]], ''Sciurus yucatanensis''
**Subgenus ''Otosciurus''
*Subgenus '''''Otosciurus'''''
***''[[Sciurus aberti]]'' - Abert's Squirrel
**[[Abert's squirrel]], ''Sciurus aberti''
**Subgenus ''Guerlinguetus''
*Subgenus '''''Guerlinguetus'''''
***''[[Sciurus granatensis]]'' - Red-tailed Squirrel
**[[Brazilian squirrel|Brazilian squirrel (Guianan squirrel)]], ''Sciurus aestuans''
***''[[Sciurus richmondi]]'' - Richmond's Squirrel
**[[Yellow-throated squirrel]], ''Sciurus gilvigularis''
***''[[Sciurus aestuans]]'' - Brazilian Squirrel or Guianan Squirrel
**[[Red-tailed squirrel]], ''Sciurus granatensis''
***''[[Sciurus gilvigularis]]'' - Yellow-throated Squirrel
**[[Bolivian squirrel]], ''Sciurus ignitus''
***''[[Sciurus ignitus]]'' - Bolivian Squirrel
**[[Ingram's squirrel]], ''Sciurus ingrami''
***''[[Sciurus ingrami]]'' - Atlantic Forest Squirrel
**[[Andean squirrel]], ''Sciurus pucheranii''
***''[[Sciurus pucheranii]]'' - Andean Squirrel
**[[Richmond's squirrel]], ''Sciurus richmondi''
***''[[Sciurus stramineus]]'' - Guayaquil Squirrel
**[[Sanborn's squirrel]], ''Sciurus sanborni''
***''[[Sciurus sanborni]]'' - Sanborn's Squirrel
**[[Guayaquil squirrel]], ''Sciurus stramineus''
***''[[Sciurus argentinius]]'' - South Yungas Red Squirrel
**Subgenus ''Hadrosciurus''
*Subgenus '''''Tenes'''''
**[[Persian squirrel]], ''Sciurus anomalus''
***''[[Sciurus flammifer]]'' - Fiery Squirrel
*Subgenus '''''Hadrosciurus'''''
***''[[Sciurus pyrrhinus]]'' - Junín Red Squirrel
**[[Fiery squirrel]], ''Sciurus flammifer''
**Subgenus ''Urosciurus''
**[[Junín red squirrel]], ''Sciurus pyrrhinus''
***''[[Sciurus igniventris]]'' - Northern Amazon Red Squirrel
*Subgenus '''''Hesperosciurus'''''
***''[[Sciurus spadiceus]]'' - Southern Amazon Red Squirrel
**[[Western gray squirrel]], ''Sciurus griseus''
*Subgenus '''''Urosciurus'''''
**[[Northern Amazon red squirrel]], ''Sciurus igniventris''
**[[Southern Amazon red squirrel]], ''Sciurus spadiceus''

In 2015, 15–17 species were left in the genus ''Sciurus'' after de Vivo & Carmignotto comprehensively reviewed South American Sciuridae for the first time in many decades and proposed numerous changes; synonymising some species and many subspecies, splitting another species, and naming new species. They followed [[Joel Asaph Allen]]'s unsatisfying 1914 attempt in splitting the genus ''Sciurus'' by raising the South American subgenera to the rank of genus, adding ''Urosciurus'' to ''Hadrosciurus'', and splitting the genus ''Guerlinguetus'' in three. Their taxonomic treatment might also require ''Sciurus deppei'' to be moved to ''Notosciurus''.<ref name=Vivo>{{cite book |last1=de Vivo |first1=Mario |last2=Carmignotto |first2=Ana Paula |date=January 2015 |chapter=Family Sciuridae G. Fischer, 1817 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273129157 |editor1-last=Patton |editor1-first=James L. |editor2-last=Pardiñas |editor2-first=Ulyses F.J. |editor3-last=D'Elía |editor3-first=Guillermo |title=Mammals of South America Volume 2, Rodents |url=https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo18553844.html |edition=1 |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=1–48 |doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226169606.001.0001 |isbn=978-0226169576 |access-date=11 August 2018}}</ref>

A 2020 paper published on the taxonomy of '''[[Sciurinae]]''' split '''''Sciurus''''' into multiple new genera and elevated several subgenera. The paper included genetic sampling from almost all recognized species and recommends the following species assignments:<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1186/s12862-020-01639-y|title = Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul|year = 2020|last1 = De Abreu-Jr|first1 = Edson Fiedler|last2 = Pavan|first2 = Silvia E.|last3 = Tsuchiya|first3 = Mirian T. N.|last4 = Wilson|first4 = Don E.|last5 = Percequillo|first5 = Alexandre R.|last6 = Maldonado|first6 = Jesús E.|journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume = 20|issue = 1|page = 77|pmid = 32590930|pmc = 7320592|s2cid = 220071854 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
*'''''Sciurus'''''
**[[Persian squirrel]], ''S. anomalus''
**[[Eurasian red squirrel]], ''S. vulgaris''
**[[Japanese squirrel]], ''S. lis''
*'''''Hesperosciurus'''''
**[[Abert's squirrel]], ''H. aberti''
**[[Western gray squirrel]], ''H. griseus''
*'''''Parasciurus'''''
**[[Allen's squirrel]], ''P. alleni''
**[[Arizona gray squirrel]], ''P. arizonensis''
**[[Mexican fox squirrel]], ''P. nayaritensis''
**[[Fox squirrel]], ''P. niger''
**[[Peters's squirrel]], ''P. oculatus''
*'''''Neosciurus'''''
**[[Eastern gray squirrel]], ''N. carolinensis''
*'''''Echinosciurus'''''
**[[Mexican gray squirrel]], ''E. aureogaster''
**[[Collie's squirrel]], ''E. colliaei''
**[[Deppe's squirrel]], ''E. deppei''
**[[Variegated squirrel]], ''E. variegatoides''
**[[Yucatan squirrel]], ''E. yucatanensis''
*'''''Simosciurus'''''
**''[[S. nebouxii]]''
**[[Guayaquil squirrel]], ''S. stramineus''
*'''''Guerlinguetus'''''
**[[Brazilian squirrel]], ''G. aestuans''
**''[[G. brasiliensis]]''
*'''''Hadrosciurus'''''
**[[Bolivian squirrel]], ''H. ignitus''
**[[Northern Amazon red squirrel]], ''H. igniventris''
**[[Junín red squirrel]], ''H. pyrrhinus''
**[[Southern Amazon red squirrel]], ''H. spadiceus''

Additionally, the paper suggests moving [[Andean squirrel]] back to subtribe '''Microsciurina''', the [[Microsciurus|dwarf squirrels]], and assigns it to the newly described genus '''''Leptosciurus'''''. The paper's findings agree with prior assessments to synonymize [[Richmond's squirrel]] into [[Red-tailed squirrel]] and reassigns the Red-tailed squirrel into the previously [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]] Asian genus ''[[Syntheosciurus]]'', also in '''Microsciurina'''. The paper did not include genetic sampling or taxonomic suggestions for ''gilvigularis'', ''meridionalis'', ''sanborni'', or ''flammifer''.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Wikispecies|Sciurus}}

{{commons|Sciurus}}
*{{BookReferenceDuffLawsonMammals}}
*{{BookReferenceDuffLawsonMammals}}
*Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. ''Walker's Mammals of the World'', 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
*Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. ''Walker's Mammals of the World'', 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-8018-5789-9}}
*Eisenberg, J.F. 1989. "Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 1: The Northern Neotropics: Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana". The University of Chicago Press.
*Eisenberg, J.F. 1989. "[http://www.press.uchicago.edu/presssite/metadata.epl?mode=synopsis&bookkey=3629180 Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 1: The Northern Neotropics: Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}". [[University of Chicago Press]].
*Redford, K.H. and Eisenberg, J.F. 1992. "Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 2: The Southern Cone: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay". University of Chicago Press.
*Redford, K.H. and Eisenberg, J.F. 1992. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=HGYaHxXVmegC Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 2: The Southern Cone: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay]". University of Chicago Press.
*Eisenberg, J.F. and Redford, K.H. 1999. "Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: The Central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil". University of Chicago Press.
*Eisenberg, J.F. and Redford, K.H. 1999. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=p2MDAzCeQQoC Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: The Central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil]". University of Chicago Press.

*Thorington, R. W. and R. S. Hoffmann. 2005. Family Sciuridae. Pp 754-818 in Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
==Footnotes==
{{Commons|Sciurus}}
{{Wikispecies|Sciurus}}
{{Notelist}}


{{S. Sciurinae1 nav}}
{{S. Sciurinae1 nav}}
{{Sciuromorpha|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q281124}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sciurus| ]]
[[Category:Rodent genera]]
[[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]


[[Category:Tree squirrels]]


{{Squirrel-stub}}
[[als:Eichhörnchen]]
[[de:Eichhörnchen]]
[[et:Orav (perekond)]]
[[fr:Sciurus]]
[[it:Sciurus]]
[[ru:Белка]]
[[uk:Білка]]
[[zh:松鼠屬]]

Latest revision as of 10:29, 2 October 2024

Sciurus
Temporal range: Middle Miocene–Recent
Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Sciuridae
Tribe: Sciurini
Genus: Sciurus
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Sciurus vulgaris
Subgenera

Tenes
Sciurus
Hesperosciurus
Otosciurus
Guerlinguetus
Hadrosciurus
Urosciurus

The genus Sciurus (/saɪˈjʊərəs/ or /sɪˈjuːrəs/) contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, temperate Asia, Central America and South America.[1]

Species

[edit]

The number of species in the genus is subject to change. In 2005, Thorington & Hoffman- whose taxonomic interpretation is followed by the IUCN website- accepted 28 species in the genus:[a]

Genus Sciurus

Sciurus granatensis

In 2015, 15–17 species were left in the genus Sciurus after de Vivo & Carmignotto comprehensively reviewed South American Sciuridae for the first time in many decades and proposed numerous changes; synonymising some species and many subspecies, splitting another species, and naming new species. They followed Joel Asaph Allen's unsatisfying 1914 attempt in splitting the genus Sciurus by raising the South American subgenera to the rank of genus, adding Urosciurus to Hadrosciurus, and splitting the genus Guerlinguetus in three. Their taxonomic treatment might also require Sciurus deppei to be moved to Notosciurus.[3]

A 2020 paper published on the taxonomy of Sciurinae split Sciurus into multiple new genera and elevated several subgenera. The paper included genetic sampling from almost all recognized species and recommends the following species assignments:[4]

Additionally, the paper suggests moving Andean squirrel back to subtribe Microsciurina, the dwarf squirrels, and assigns it to the newly described genus Leptosciurus. The paper's findings agree with prior assessments to synonymize Richmond's squirrel into Red-tailed squirrel and reassigns the Red-tailed squirrel into the previously monotypic Asian genus Syntheosciurus, also in Microsciurina. The paper did not include genetic sampling or taxonomic suggestions for gilvigularis, meridionalis, sanborni, or flammifer.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Thorington, R.W. Jr; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). "Genus Sciurus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 758–765. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Wauters, Lucas A.; Giovanni Amori; Gaetano Aloise; Spartaco Gippoliti; Paolo Agnelli; Andrea Galimberti; Maurizio Casiraghi; Damiano Preatoni; Adriano Martinoli (2017). "New endemic mammal species for Europe: Sciurus meridionalis (Rodentia, Sciuridae)". Hystrix. 28 (1): 1–28. doi:10.4404/hystrix-28.1-12015.
  3. ^ de Vivo, Mario; Carmignotto, Ana Paula (January 2015). "Family Sciuridae G. Fischer, 1817". In Patton, James L.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J.; D'Elía, Guillermo (eds.). Mammals of South America Volume 2, Rodents (1 ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–48. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226169606.001.0001. ISBN 978-0226169576. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  4. ^ De Abreu-Jr, Edson Fiedler; Pavan, Silvia E.; Tsuchiya, Mirian T. N.; Wilson, Don E.; Percequillo, Alexandre R.; Maldonado, Jesús E. (2020). "Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 77. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01639-y. PMC 7320592. PMID 32590930. S2CID 220071854.

Footnotes

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sciurus.
Wikispecies has information related to Sciurus.
  1. ^ Most squirrel assessments were written in 2008, despite most being dated 2016/2017


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