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{{Short description|Public university in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Infobox_University
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
|image = [[Image:UniversityOfMumbai.png|175px|University of Mumbai logo]]
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
|name= University of Mumbai
{{Infobox university
|established = [[1857]]
| name = University of Mumbai
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
| native_name =
|motto =
| native_name_lang =
|president =
| other_name = '''Mumbai University'''
|provost =
| former_name = University of Bombay (1857-1995)
|principal =
| motto = ''Śīlavṛttaphalā Vidyā'' ([[Sanskrit]])
|rector =
| mottoeng = The Fruit of Learning is Character and Righteous Conduct
|chancellor = [[S.M. Krishna]]
| established = {{start date and age|1857|7|18|df=y}}
|vice_chancellor = Dr. Vijay Khole
| type = [[Public university|Public University]]
|dean =
| chancellor = [[Governor of Maharashtra]]
|head_label =
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Ravindra D. Kulkarni
|head =
| principal =
|students =
| dean =
|undergrad =
| head_label =
|postgrad =
| head =
|doctoral =
| students = 7,579<ref name="MU">{{cite web |title=University Student Enrollment Details |url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/stateuniversitylist.aspx?id=21&Unitype=2 |website=www.ugc.ac.in |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-date=16 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016032106/https://www.ugc.ac.in/stateuniversitylist.aspx?id=21&Unitype=2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|city = [[Mumbai]]
| undergrad = 1,459<ref name="MU"/>
|state = [[Maharashtra]]
| postgrad = 5,638<ref name="MU"/>
|country = [[India]]
| doctoral =
|campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]]
| city = [[Mumbai]]
|free_label =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
|free =
| country = India
|colors =
| campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]]<br />'''All Campuses: '''{{Convert|250|acre|m2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://admi.mu.ac.in/about-university.html|title=Campus|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302224000/https://admi.mu.ac.in/about-university.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|colours =
| founder = {{ubl|[[Jagannath Shankarseth]]|[[Bhau Daji]]|[[John Wilson (Scottish missionary)|John Wilson]]}}
|mascot =
| sports =
|nickname =
| nickname =
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| mascot =
|website = [http://www.mu.ac.in www.mu.ac.in]
| website = {{url|mu.ac.in/}}
|address =
| logo = University of Mumbai wordmark.svg
|telephone =
|coor =
| logo_size = 255px
| image = University of Mumbai coat of arms.svg
|logo =
| image_alt = A graphic depicting the official coat of arms of the University of Mumbai
| image_size = 200
| caption = [[Coat of arms]]
| colours = {{color box|#f4c430}} Saffron<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/2138.htm|title=Mumbai University – Colours|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-date=6 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206011304/https://www.4icu.org/reviews/2138.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| academic_affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<br /> [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]
| coor = {{Coord|18|58|30|N|72|49|33|E|region:IN-MH_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
}}
}}
The '''University of Mumbai''' (मुंबई विद्यापीठ)(formerly '''University of Bombay''') is a [[university]] situated in [[Maharashtra]] state of [[India]]. It has been given a five-star ranking by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]. The name of the University was changed from University of Bombay to University of Mumbai according to a Government Gazette dated [[4 September]] [[1996]]. It is abbreviated as either (UoM) for University of Mumbai or as (MU) for Mumbai University. Initially, building of [[Elphinstone College]] was used for Mumbai University.


'''University of Mumbai''' (formerly known as '''University of Bombay''') is a [[public university|public]] [[List of largest universities and university networks by enrollment|state university]] in [[Mumbai]]. It is one of the [[List of largest universities and university networks by enrollment|largest university systems in the world]] with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-university-records-60-rise-in-students-1522672|title=Mumbai University records 60% rise in students - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=21 March 2011|access-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116013327/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-university-records-60-rise-in-students-1522672|archive-date=16 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"Mumbai University records 60% rise in students" : DNA – Daily News and Analysis newspaper article, Monday, 21 March 2011.</ref> {{As of|2013}}, the university had 711 affiliated colleges.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/With-811-colleges-Pune-varsity-2nd-largest-in-country/articleshow/25196438.cms With 811 colleges, Pune varsity 2nd largest in country] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019142329/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/With-811-colleges-Pune-varsity-2nd-largest-in-country/articleshow/25196438.cms |date=19 October 2015 }} ''The Times of India'' newspaper article : 4 November 2013</ref>
Most of the [[college]]s in the city of Mumbai ([[Bombay]]) and the districts of [[Thane]], [[Raigad]], [[Ratnagiri]] and [[Sindhudurg]] are affiliated to the University of Mumbai. The University of Mumbai offers Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees to students. It has affiliations with several high ranking research institutes in the world, including [[Institute of Chemical Technology]] (formerly UDCT), [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (TIFR) a [[Deemed University]] of the University of Mumbai and the [[Tata Memorial Hospital]]. The UoM is ranked in the top 500 universities in the world by the THES - QS world universities ranking.<ref name= "UoM"> http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/2006/tables/201_520/ (The THES - QS world universities ranking). UoM (University of Mumbai) is ranked amongst the top 500 universities in the world. It is placed at the 432nd position. There are 3 other universities that share the position of 432 along with mumbai university these are i)Universite des Sciences et Technologies - France; ii) University of Paris 5 - Rene Descartes - France; iii)Università degli Studi di Pavia - Italy. (The rankings have been published by the London based 'The Times Higher - QS World University Rankings' in partnership with QS Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd ) THES is a newspaper based in London that reports specifically on issues related to higher education. </ref>


==History==
==University campuses==
In accordance with "[[Wood's despatch]]", drafted by [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Sir Charles Wood]] in 1854, the University of Bombay was established in 1857 after the presentation of a petition from the Bombay Association to the British colonial government in India.<ref name="Tikekar">{{cite book |author=Aroon Tikekar |year=2006 |title=The Cloister's Pale: A Biography of the University of Mumbai |edition=2nd |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Mumbai |isbn=978-81-7991-293-5}}</ref> The University of Mumbai was modelled on similar universities in the [[United Kingdom]], specifically the [[University of London]].<ref name="Tikekar"/>{{rp|188}}
[[Image:Rajabai under Const.jpg|thumb|300px|A file photo of University of Bombay's Fort Campus taken in 1870s. Rajabai Clock Tower here seen shrouded in scaffolding was completed in 1878.]]
[[Image:University of Bombay3.jpg|thumb|300px|A part of the Fort campus in 2005.]]
[[Image:University of Mumbai library.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The library]]


The first departments established were the Faculty of Arts at [[Elphinstone College]] in 1835 and the Faculty of Medicine at [[Grant Medical College]] in 1845.<ref name="Tikekar"/> Both colleges existed before the university was founded and surrendered their degree-granting privileges to the university. The first degrees awarded in 1862 were [[Bachelor of Arts]] and [[Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery|Licentiate in Medicine]].<ref name="Tikekar"/> Medical schools such as Sindh Medical School in [[Hyderabad, Sindh]] were affiliated with the university as well.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}
The University of Bombay is modelled after the universities of [[uk|Britain]] and primarilly imparts education through its affiliated colleges. [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]], which was affiliated with the University in 1868, is the first of its colleges. Today, the university campuses serve as administrative centers and centers for some higher education and library facilities. The affiliated colleges are spread throughout the city and the four coastal districts of [[Thane]], [[Raigad]], [[Ratnagiri]] and [[Sindhudurg]]. The major main campus locations include:


[[Cornelia Sorabji]], who later studied law at [[Somerville College, Oxford|Somerville College]] becoming [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]'s first female law student and India's first female [[advocate]], was the university's first female graduate in 1888.<ref>[http://www.moneylife.in/article/first-lady/15264.html First lady – Moneylife<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222142242/http://www.moneylife.in/article/first-lady/15264.html|date=22 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=University strengthens ties with India|url=http://www.cherwell.org/news/academic/2012/12/13/university-strengthens-ties-with-india|work=[[Cherwell (newspaper)|Cherwell]]|date=13 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222163254/http://www.cherwell.org/news/academic/2012/12/13/university-strengthens-ties-with-india|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>
=== Fort Campus ===
The original campus is in [[Fort (area)|Fort]], Mumbai, near the southern end of the city of Mumbai. It houses the administrative division of the university. It is built in the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style of architecture and also includes a library which holds many original [[manuscript]]s. The University of Bombay was established at the Fort Campus in 1857. In the same year universities were established in the two other [[Presidency]] towns of [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] and [[Chennai|Madras]]. It was one of the first educational institutions established by the British in India following [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Sir Charles Wood]]'s [[Dispatch on Education]] in 1854.


Until 1904, the university only conducted examinations, awarded affiliations to colleges, developed curricula, and produced guidelines for colleges developing curricula.<ref name="Tikekar"/> Teaching departments, research disciplines, and post-graduate courses were introduced from 1904, and several additional departments were established. After India achieved independence in 1947, the functions and powers of the university were reorganized under The Bombay University Act of 1953.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ṭikekara|first1=Aroon|title=The Cloisters Pale|date=2006|publisher=Popular Prakashan|location=Mumbai|isbn=978-817991293-5|page=327|edition=2nd}}</ref> The name of the university was changed from University of Bombay to University of Mumbai in 1996.<ref>[[Government of Maharashtra]] Gazette 4 September 1996</ref>
===Kalina Campus===
Another large campus is situated in [[Kalina]], [[Santa Cruz (Mumbai)|Santacruz]] in suburban Mumbai. It is 230 acres (930,000 m²) in area, with much of the land kept for development of future disciplines. It has on-campus graduate training and research centers. The most popular courses are in the LIFE SCIENCES & BIOTECHNOLOGY fields. It also has [[social sciences]] and [[behavioural sciences]] departments offering masters and doctoral program, which includes department of economics and department of psychology. The Kalina campus also includes certain science departments including Department of [[Biotechnology]], Department of [[Physics]], Department of [[Information Technology]] and Department of [[Mathematics]], and has most of the [[humanities]] and language departments of Mumbai University at the masters and doctoral level. It also has the Jawaharlal Nehru Library, the largest library in Bombay.


In 1949, student enrolment was 42,272 with 80 affiliated colleges. By 1975, these numbers had grown to 156,190 and 114 respectively.<ref name="Tikekar"/>
===Ratnagiri Campus===
A minor campus running mostly extramural courses is located in the town of [[Ratnagiri]]. The campus is located at the [[Thibaw Palace]], originally built to accommodate the exiled royal family of [[Burma]].


===Other Campuses===
===Kalina Campus===
Examination processes were made more efficient by the introduction of online delivery of question papers for examinations, and assessment of answer books by scanning at remote examination centres. The academic depository of the university was started in collaboration with CDSL in 2015. The university is the first university in the country to start an academic depository.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdslindia.com/downloads/PR%20%20UoM%20launch%20v1.1.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdslindia.com |access-date=25 January 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131121943/https://www.cdslindia.com/downloads/PR%20%20UoM%20launch%20v1.1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
Several departments of the University of Mumbai are located at places other than the fort or Kalina campus. These include the Mumbai University Institute of Chemical Technology, formerly ([[UDCT]]). The department of Medicine and medical research are spread out across several prominent hospitals in Bombay (Mumbai). Chief amongst these are the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay Hospital and G.S. medical college of the University of Mumbai. [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]] was the first degree-granting college affiliated to the University.


* Jawaharlal Nehru Library<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/varsity-officials-inspect-dilapidated-library/article27190609.ece|title=Varsity officials inspect dilapidated library|last=Karangutkar|first=Suyash|date=21 May 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=1 September 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809173105/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/varsity-officials-inspect-dilapidated-library/article27190609.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/in-this-library-no-peace-of-mind/article27110902.ece|title=In Mumbai University's Jawaharlal Nehru Library, no peace of mind|last=Karangutkar|first=Suyash|date=13 May 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=1 September 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809165659/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/in-this-library-no-peace-of-mind/article27110902.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
Prominent departments and institutes
* [[Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute|Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute for Financial and Management Studies]] (ADMI) which offers BMS, MFSM, MS Finance & MMS programmes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mu.ac.in/alkesh|title=Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute|publisher=Mu.ac.in|access-date=31 January 2012|archive-date=12 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212155138/http://www.mu.ac.in/alkesh/|url-status=live}}</ref>
<!-- please maintain alphabetic order -->
* Annasaheb Chudaman Patil College Of Engineering, Kharghar.
* Anjuman I Islam's Allana Institute of Management Studies (AIAIMS), CST.
* [[Atharva College of Engineering (ACE), Malad|Atharva College of Engineering]] (ACE)
* [[Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering]]
* Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management and Information Technology[Belapur]
* Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences (Medical research)
* Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce - [[Kalyan]]
* [[Datta Meghe College of Engineering (NYSS)]]
* [[Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai]]
* Dr. D.Y. Patil College Of Architecture
* Terna Engineering College Nerul Navi Mumbai [TPCT] (University of Mumbai)
* Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering (DJSCOE)
* Elphinstone College, Fort, Mumbai-32
* [[Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering]], [[Bandra]] [Fr Agnel College]
* [http://www.glc.edu/ Government Law College] [Government Law College, Mumbai (Law School)]
* GS medical college (Medicine Research)
* [[Institute of Management and Computer Studies]] (IMCOST), Thane (West).
* Institute of Science (ISc)
* [[Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies]] (University of Mumbai, Management Institute)
* [http://www.sirjjarchitecture.org/ J.J.College of Architecture] [[Sir J. J. College of Architecture]]
* J.J. school of Arts (college of Fine arts)
* Jawaharlal Nehru Library (largest Library in Mumbai)
Rizvi institute of management studies and Research,Bandra
* K.E.S. Engineering College [KESEC]
* [[K.J. Somaiya College of Engineering]] [KJSCE]
* K.J.Somaiya Institute Of Engineering & Information Technology [KJSIEIT]
* [http://kccoe.com/ K.C.College Of Engineering]
* [[Konkan_Gyanpeeth_College_of_Engineering_Karjat|Konkan Gyanpeeth College of Engineering, Karjat]](K.G.C.E)
* K.V.Pendharkar college of Science, Arts & Commerce.
* [[Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering]] [[LTCOE]]
* [[Malini Kishore Sanghvi College of Commerce and Economics]]
* M. H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering [MHSSCOE]
* [http://www.mgmmumbai.com/mgmcet/index.html Mahatma Gandhi Mission's College of Engineering and Technology, Navi Mumbai] [[MGMCET]]
* Mumbai University Department of Economics (National centre for advanced studies)
* Mumbai University Department of Mathematics
* [[Mumbai University Institute of Chemical Technology]] (MUICT)
* Nalanda Nritya Kala Mahavidyalaya (Centre for Dance research) - founded by [[Kanak Rele]]
* [[Narsee Monjee Institute of Management and Higher Studies]] (NMIMS - Now an Independent Deemed University)
* Parshvanath Collage of Engineering [PCT COE]
* [http://www.pvppcoe.ac.in/ Padmabhusan Vasantdada Patil Prathistans College of Engineering] [PVPPCOE]
* [http://www.piit.ac.in/ Pillai's Institute Of Information Technology, Engineering, Media Studies & Research] (PIIT)
* [http://www.mes.ac.in/ Pillai's College of Architecture] [[PICA]]
* Rajiv Gandhi Institute Of Technology [http://www.rgitm.org/ RGIT]
* Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology [[RAIT]]
* [http://www.rdnational.edu Rishi Dayaram National college of Arts and Commerce And Sheth Wassaimull Assomull Science college ]
* S. K. Somaiya College of Arts, Science and Commerce [SKSAC]
* [[Sardar Patel College of Engineering]] [SPCE]
* [[SPCE|Sardar Patel Institute of Technology]] [SPIT]
* [[shah and anchor]] Shah and Anchor Kutchi Engineering College [SAKEC]
* [http://www.siesnetcampus.org/siesgst/index.html S.I.E.S Graduate School Of Technology (SIESGST)], Nerul
* [http://www.siescoms.edu/ S.I.E.S College of Management Studies (SIESCOMS)], Nerul
* [http://www.sigce.net/ Smt Indira Gandhi College of Engineering], Koparkhairane
* St. Francis Institute of Technology (SFIT)
* [[St. Xavier's College, Bombay|St. Xavier's College]]
* [[Sydenham College]] of Commerce & Economics
* [[Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education]] (SIMSREE) - Churchgate
* [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (TIFR - Deemed univ of University of Mumbai)
* Tata Memorial Hospital (Centre for [[Cancer]] Research)
* [http://www.vjti.ac.in/ Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute [[VJTI]]] (autonomous Engineering Institute of Mumbai Univ)
* [[Thadomal Shahani Engineering College]] (TSEC) [http://www.tsec.edu/]
* [http://www.vcet.info/newvcet/vcetmain.htm Vidyavardhini College of Engineering and Technology]
* Vidyavardhini college of Arts, Science and Commerce, Vasai road (West).
* [[Vidyalankar Institute of Technology]]
* [[Viva College Of Art, Commerce & Science]]
* [[Viva College of Institute Of Management Studies]]
* [[Vivekanand Education Society's Institute of Technology]] ([[VESIT]])
* [[Watumull Institute]] Of Electronic Engineering & Computer Technology
* [[Xavier Institute of Engineering]] (XIE) [http://www.xavierengg.com/]
* [[Y.M.T College of Management]] -Kharghar
* Finolex Academy of Management and Technology http://www.famt.ac.in


===Library===
==Mumbai University libraries==
[[File:Mumbai, India, University of Mumbai.jpg|thumb|University Library at the Fort Campus.]]
The main Library or Central Library is Jawaharlal Nehru Library (JNL) with almost a million books (850,000) documents and [[Academic publishing|Scientific Journals]], [[Thesis]], [[Encyclopedia]]s, along with over 30,000 [[microfilm]]s and over 1200 rare manuscripts, [[IMF]] reports, [[census]] records and access to several hundreds of [[E-Journal]]s through online subscription. The (JNL) catalogue is computerised. The Library largely contains books with basic sciences and the social and behavioural sciences.
{{main|University Library, Mumbai}}


====Rajabai Clock Tower====
The technology and applied research journals and books of the University of Mumbai are kept at various other libraries including those at MUICT, TIFR, JBIMS & Tata Memorial Hospital. Together the University of Mumbai collection of Books and Scientific journals gets to over a million documents.
[[File:Mumbai 03-2016 39 University.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Rajabai Clock Tower]], located at the Fort campus, was built in 1878.]]
One of Mumbai's landmarks, the [[Rajabai Clock Tower]], was completed in the 1870s and houses the University of Mumbai's library. Sir [[George Gilbert Scott]] modeled the Rajabai Clock Tower on the clock tower of the [[Palace of Westminster]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbailocal.net/rajabai-tower-mumbai|title=Rajabai Tower Mumbai: Tourist Attractions in Mumbai|publisher=Mumbailocal.Net|date=7 November 2010|access-date=11 May 2011|archive-date=4 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504191331/http://www.mumbailocal.net/rajabai-tower-mumbai|url-status=live}}</ref> Local businessman [[Premchand Roychand]] contributed to the cost of construction and named the tower in memory of his mother, Rajabai. The tower is {{convert|280|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} tall and has five storeys. At a height of {{convert|30|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} from the ground, there are eight statues representing the Indian castes. The tower clock is reported to have played 16 tunes including "[[Rule Britannia]]", "[[God Save the Queen]]", "[[Home! Sweet Home!]]" and "A Handel Symphony".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/607728/clock-towers-still-star-attractions.html|title=Clocktower chimes|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=22 April 2017|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124071714/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/607728/clock-towers-still-star-attractions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On the initiative of the then Vice-Chancellor, Rajan Welukar, the first phase of restoration of Rajabai Clock Tower started in 2013 and was completed in May 2015. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) gave a Rs 4 crore grant for this phase of the restoration project.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-s-iconic-rajabai-clock-tower-reopens-after-renovation-2085267|title=Mumbai's iconic Rajabai Clock Tower reopens after renovation|access-date=23 June 2015|archive-date=23 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623232738/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-s-iconic-rajabai-clock-tower-reopens-after-renovation-2085267|url-status=live}}</ref>


====Convocation Hall====
Some departments and institutes of University of Mumbai
{{main|Convocation Hall, University of Mumbai}}


==Affiliated colleges==
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign=top><td>
Its jurisdiction extends over 7 districts - [[Mumbai City district]], [[Mumbai Suburban district]], [[Palghar district]], [[Raigad district]], [[Ratnagiri district]], [[Sindhudurg district]], [[Thane district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About SJCEM – St. John College of Engineering & Management |url=https://www.sjcem.edu.in/about-sjcem/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |language=en-US |archive-date=13 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813080910/https://www.sjcem.edu.in/about-sjcem/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-07 |title=University Of Mumbai |url=https://old.mu.ac.in/ratnagiri-campus-region/university-of-mumbai/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=Mumbai University - English |language=en-US |archive-date=13 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813080911/https://old.mu.ac.in/ratnagiri-campus-region/university-of-mumbai/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Department of adult and continuing education and extension
*Department of African Studies
*Department of Applied [[Psychology]]
*Department of [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
*Department of [[Biotechnology]]
*Bombay Hospital Institute of [[Medical Science]]s (Medical research)
*Centre for [[Central Eurasia]]n Studies
*Department of [[Chemistry]]
*Department of [[Civics]] & [[Politics]]
*Department of [[Commerce]]
<td>


===Prominent institutes===
*Department of [[Computer Science]]
Several departments of the University of Mumbai are a part of vocational institutions and are not located on the four Mumbai campuses. These include the departments of Medicine and Medical Research located in many prominent hospitals in Mumbai, such as the [[Tata Memorial Hospital]], [[Bombay Hospital]] and [[KEM Hospital|G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital]]. The Department of Medicine at [[Tata Memorial Hospital]] is now{{when|date=October 2022}} affiliated with the [[Homi Bhabha National Institute]].
*Department of Dramatic Arts
*Department of [[Economics]]
*Department of [[Education]]
*Department of [[English Literature]]
*Department of Extra [[Mural]] Studies
*Department of [[French language|French]]
*Garware Institute of Career Education & Development (Career Development Institute)
*Department of [[Geography]]
*Department of [[German language|German]]
*Govt. Law College ([[Law]] school)


[[Institute of Chemical Technology]] (then known as the University Department of Chemical Technology, UDCT), was originally a department of MU, which later gained the status of a university.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ictmumbai.edu.in/DirectorMessage.aspx |title=ICT Mumbai |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517000732/http://www.ictmumbai.edu.in/DirectorMessage.aspx |archive-date=17 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{third-party inline|date=October 2022}}
</table>


[[Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute]], then known as the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, founded in 1887, was the first Engineering Institute of the University of Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dte.org.in/approvedinstitues/StaticPages/frmInstituteSummary.aspx?InstituteCode=3012 |title= Directorate of Technical Education, Maharashtra State, Mumbai |access-date=19 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054752/http://www.dte.org.in/approvedinstitues/StaticPages/frmInstituteSummary.aspx?InstituteCode=3012 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Thadomal Shahani Engineering College]] was the first Engineering college in the University of Mumbai to start courses in [[Computer Engineering]], [[Information Technology]], [[Electronics Engineering]] and [[Biomedical Engineering]].{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign=top><td>


==Libraries==
*GS medical college ([[Medicine]] Research)
[[File:University of Mumbai library.jpg|thumb|right|The Fort campus library.]]
*Department of [[Geology]] (At [[Saint Xavier's College]])
*Department of [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
*Department of [[Hindi]]
*Department of [[History]]
*Department of [[Information Technology]](UDIT)
*Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of [[Management]] Studies (University of Mumbai, Management Institute)
*J.J.College of [[Architecture]]
*J.J. school of [[Arts]] (college of Fine arts)
*Department of [[Kannada]]
*Department of [[Library Science]]
*Department of [[Life Science]]


Jawaharlal Nehru Library (JNL) is the central library, located on the campus at Kalina. As of May 2019, it desperately needs restoration.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/in-this-library-no-peace-of-mind/article27110902.ece|title=In Mumbai University's Jawaharlal Nehru Library, no peace of mind|last=Karangutkar|first=Suyash|date=13 May 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=13 May 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809165659/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/in-this-library-no-peace-of-mind/article27110902.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
<td>


==Vice-chancellors==
*Department of [[Linguistics]]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Mumbai University Institute of Chemical Technology]] ([[MUICT - formerly UDCT]])
* [[John Wilson (missionary)|John Wilson]] – 1857
*Department of [[Marathi]]
* [[Raymond West]]
*Department of [[Mathematics]]
* [[Alexander Kinloch Forbes]]
*Department of [[Music]]
* [[Sir Alexander Grant, 10th Baronet]] – 1863–1868
*Nalanda Nritya Kala Mahavidyalaya ([[Performing arts]] wing)
* [[William Guyer Hunter]] – 1869
*Narsee Monjee Institute of [[Management]] Studies (NMIMS - deemed institute of Mumbai Univ)
* [[Herbert Mills Birdwood]]
*Department of [[Persian language|Persian]]
* Rev. [[Dugald Mackichan]] – 1888-91
*Department of [[Philosophy]]
* [[Kashinath Trimbak Telang]] – 1892–1893
*Department of [[Physics]]
* [[Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar]] – 1893–1894
*Department of [[Russian language|Russian]]
* [[N. G. Chandavarkar]] – 1911−1912
* John Heaton – 1912–1915
* [[Sir Pherozeshah Mehta|Pherozeshah Mehta]] – 1915
* Sir Leslie Orme Wilson (Chancellor) - 1927
* Mirza Akbar Khan – 1930–31
* [[R. P. Paranjpye]] – 1934
* Sir Rustom Pestonji Masani - 1941
* [[Pandurang Vaman Kane]]
* [[John Matthai]] – 1955–1957
* [[V. R. Khanolkar]] – 1960–1963
* Shashikant Karnik
* [[Trimbak Krishna Tope]] – 1971–1977
* [[Mehroo Bengalee|M. D. Bengalee]] – 1986-1992
* [[Snehlata Deshmukh]] – 1995–2000
* [[Bhalchandra Mungekar]] – 2000–2005
* Vijay Khole – 2005 – September 2009
* Chandra Krishnamurthy – September 2009–July 2010, Acting Vice-Chancellor
* Suhas Pednekar - August 2010 - September 2010, Acting Vice-Chancellor
* Rajan Welukar – October 2010 – July 2015
* Sanjay V. Deshmukh – July 2015 – October 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mu.ac.in/portal/honble-vice-chancellor/|title=Hon'ble Vice Chancellor|date=22 July 2014|website=mu.ac.in|access-date=13 April 2018|archive-date=1 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501133837/http://mu.ac.in/portal/honble-vice-chancellor/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Suhas Pednekar - April 2018 − April 2023
{{div col end}}


* Dr. Ravindra D Kulkarni - June 2023 - Present
</table>


== Notable alumni ==
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign=top><td>
{{Main|List of University of Mumbai alumni}}


==Rankings==
*Department of Sanskrit
{{Infobox India university ranking
*[[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] ([[TIFR]] - Deemed Institute of Univ of Mumbai)
| type = University and college
*[[Tata Memorial Hospital]] (Centre for [[Cancer]] Research)
<!----------International---------->
*Department of [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
| QS_W_2025 = 711-720
*Department of [[Sociology]]
| QS_A_2025 = 291-300
*Department of [[Statistics]]
| THE_W_2023 = 1201–1500
*Department of [[Urdu]]
| THES_A_2022 = 351–400
*[[VJTI]] (autonomous Engineering Institute of Mumbai Univ)
| THES_E_2022 = 351–400
<!----------General---------->
|NIRF_U_2024=61| NIRF_O_2023 = 96
}}


Internationally, the University of Mumbai was ranked 751-760 in the ''[[QS World University Rankings]]'' of 2024<ref>{{cite web |title=QS World University Rankings 2024 |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings/2024?search=Mumbai |publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited |access-date=7 August 2024}}</ref> and 291–300 in Asia.<ref>{{cite web |title=QS Asia University Rankings 2024 |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/asia-university-rankings?search=mumbai |publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited}}</ref> It was ranked 1201–1500 in the world by the ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]'' of 2023,<ref name=Rankings_THE_W_2023/> 351–400 in Asia in 2022<ref name=Rankings_THES_A_2022/> and in the same band among emerging economies.<ref name=Rankings_THES_E_2022/>
</table>


The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) ranked it 61st among universities in India in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref> It also ranked 96th overall in 2023.<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_O_2023/>
==Other Features and Facilities==
The University of Mumbai confers over 1,100 degrees and diplomas every year and over 80,000 students apply for the degrees. The University of Mumbai has one of the main computer [[Server (computing)|Servers]] of the city of Mumbai. It also provides a large International students [[Hostel]] for foreign students.


==Partner universities==
''See also:'' [[List of Bombay Colleges]] - '''''(Most of the colleges, Institutes and Research centres in Mumbai (Bombay), are affiliated to the University of Mumbai)'''''
Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) have been signed with [[University of Amsterdam]], [[University of Bath]], [[Liverpool Hope University]], [[Toronto Metropolitan University]], [[IESEG School of Management]], [[Tianjin University of Technology]], [[Tianjin University]], [[Nankai University]] in [[PRC|China]] and [[Edith Cowan University]] in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/HTEducation/Chunk-HT-UI-HTEducationSectionPage-OtherStories/Indian-students-should-consider-studying-in-China/SP-Article1-775497.aspx |title=Indian students should consider studying in China |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=29 November 2011 |access-date=31 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114202201/http://www.hindustantimes.com/HTEducation/Chunk-HT-UI-HTEducationSectionPage-OtherStories/Indian-students-should-consider-studying-in-China/SP-Article1-775497.aspx |archive-date=14 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Oxford University

== Prominent Alumni of the University of Mumbai ==
*[[B. R. Ambedkar]] - Architect of modern India & Author of the Constitution of India, social reformist and thinker.'''
*[[Mahatma Gandhi]] - Father of the Indian nation.
*[[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] - Indian nationalist leader.
*[[Mahadev Govind Ranade]] - Indian lawyer, reformer and author, first batch graduate
*[[Man Mohan Sharma]] - Fellow [[Royal Society]], [[Padma Vibhushan]], [[Padma Bhushan]]
*[[Jagdish Bhagwati]] - University Professor of Economics at [[Columbia University]]
*[[Nissim Ezekiel]] - Acclaimed Indian poet (English language)
*[[Anil Kakodkar]] - Director of [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre|BARC]] and Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary to the [[Government of India]], Department of Atomic Energy
*[[Klaus Klostermaier]], [[F.R.S.C.]], [[Professor Emeritus]] at the [[University of Manitoba]], Scholar of Indian Studies
*[[Aishwarya Rai]] - [[Miss World]] in 1994 and leading Indian actress
*[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] - former Indian [[prime minister]]
*[[R.A. Mashelkar]], Director General, [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], India
*[[Mukesh Ambani]], Managing Director, [[Reliance Industries]] (He is an alumnus of MUICT(formerly known as UDCT)
*[[Anant Pai]] - Major publisher of Indian books for children especially the series [[Amar Chitra Katha]]
*[[Dwarkanath Kotnis]] - A well-known doctor in [[China]] who helped [[Communist Party of China|Chinese communist]]s army during the [[World War II]].
*[[Lara Dutta]] - [[Miss Universe]] in 2000
*[[Anand Patwardhan]] - Indian documentary film-maker
*[[Sunil Gavaskar]] - Legendary Indian cricketer (Attended St. Xavier's College)
*[[Smita Patil]] - Legendary Indian actress (Attended St. Xavier's College)
*[[Shabana Azmi]] - Acclaimed Indian Actress (Attended St. Xavier's College)
* [[Edward Hamilton Aitken]] - humorist, naturalist
* [[Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar]] - Oriental scholar and social reformer, first batch graduate, later vice-chancellor
* [[Acacio Gabriel Viegas]] - medical practitioner credited with the discovery of the outbreak of bubonic plague in Bombay, India in 1896.
* [[Georg Bühler]] - eminent scholar of ancient Indian languages and law - fellow of University of Mumbai.
* [[John Samuel Malecela]] - Prime Minister of Tanzania from 1990 –1994.
* [[Indira Viswanathan Peterson]] - Professor of Asian Studies and editor of the Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces.
* [[G.S. Maddala]] - American economist and mathematician
* [[Harish Kapadia]] - distinguished Himalayan Mountaineer and recipient of Patron's Medal of the Royal Geographic Society
* [[Mehli Mehta]] - Indian conductor of European classical music and father of acclaimed conductor [[Zubin Mehta]].
* [[Manil Suri]] - Indian mathematician and writer.
* [[Kashinath Trimbak Telang]] - Indian judge and oriental scholar.
* [[B.N. Srikrishna]] Indian jurist and a Judge of the Supreme Court of India.
* [[Sir Pherozeshah Mehta]] - Indian political leader and social activist.
* [[Madhav Das Nalapat]] - holder of the [[UNESCO]] Peace Chair.
* [[Bhulabhai Desai]] - Indian freedom fighter and acclaimed lawyer.
* [[Vasundhara Raje]] - Chief Minister of the state of Rajasthan, India.
* [[Vidya Balan]] - Indian actress based in Mumbai, India.
* [[Gangadhar Gadgil]] - Marathi fiction writer.
* [[Rafiq Zakaria]] - late Indian politician and Islamic scholar.
* [[Pandurang Vaman Kane]] - notable Indologist and Sanskrit scholar and former Vice Chancellor of university of Mumbai.
* [[Mancherjee Bhownagree]] - British politician of Indian Parsi heritage.
* [[Nanabhoy Palkhivala]] - noted Indian jurist and economist.
* [[Sucheta Dalal]] - renowned business journalist from Mumbai, India.
* [[Thrity Umrigar]] - noted journalist and author from Mumbai, India.
* [[Aditi Govitrikar]]- Mrs World 2000
* [[Lal Krishna Advani]] - Leading Indian politician


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of Mumbai Colleges]]
* [[List of universities in India]]
* [[Universities and colleges in India]]
* [[Education in India]]


==References and Bibliography==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.mu.ac.in University of Mumbai official website]
* {{official}}
* [http://www.techbirbal.com TechBirBal.com - Syllabus, Question Papers, Notes, Ebooks, Technical Videos, and More]


{{Mumbai topics}}
{{Universities in Maharashtra}}
{{Universities in Maharashtra}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mumbai, University of}}
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Maharashtra|Mumbai]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai| ]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1857]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1857]]
[[Category:Universities in Mumbai]]

[[Category:1857 establishments in India]]
[[de:University of Mumbai]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[mr:मुंबई विद्यापीठ]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy]]
[[sv:Mumbaiuniversitetet]]

Latest revision as of 06:55, 28 December 2024

University of Mumbai
A graphic depicting the official coat of arms of the University of Mumbai
Coat of arms
Other name
Mumbai University
Former name
University of Bombay (1857-1995)
MottoŚīlavṛttaphalā Vidyā (Sanskrit)
Motto in English
The Fruit of Learning is Character and Righteous Conduct
TypePublic University
Established18 July 1857; 167 years ago (1857-07-18)
Founder
AccreditationNAAC
Academic affiliations
UGC
AIU
ChancellorGovernor of Maharashtra
Vice-ChancellorDr. Ravindra D. Kulkarni
Students7,579[1]
Undergraduates1,459[1]
Postgraduates5,638[1]
Location
Mumbai
,
Maharashtra
,
India

18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.97500°N 72.82583°E / 18.97500; 72.82583
CampusUrban
All Campuses: 250 acres (1,000,000 m2)[2]
Colours  Saffron[3]
Websitemu.ac.in

University of Mumbai (formerly known as University of Bombay) is a public state university in Mumbai. It is one of the largest university systems in the world with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges.[4][5] As of 2013, the university had 711 affiliated colleges.[6]

History

[edit]

In accordance with "Wood's despatch", drafted by Sir Charles Wood in 1854, the University of Bombay was established in 1857 after the presentation of a petition from the Bombay Association to the British colonial government in India.[7] The University of Mumbai was modelled on similar universities in the United Kingdom, specifically the University of London.[7]: 188 

The first departments established were the Faculty of Arts at Elphinstone College in 1835 and the Faculty of Medicine at Grant Medical College in 1845.[7] Both colleges existed before the university was founded and surrendered their degree-granting privileges to the university. The first degrees awarded in 1862 were Bachelor of Arts and Licentiate in Medicine.[7] Medical schools such as Sindh Medical School in Hyderabad, Sindh were affiliated with the university as well.[citation needed]

Cornelia Sorabji, who later studied law at Somerville College becoming Oxford's first female law student and India's first female advocate, was the university's first female graduate in 1888.[8][9]

Until 1904, the university only conducted examinations, awarded affiliations to colleges, developed curricula, and produced guidelines for colleges developing curricula.[7] Teaching departments, research disciplines, and post-graduate courses were introduced from 1904, and several additional departments were established. After India achieved independence in 1947, the functions and powers of the university were reorganized under The Bombay University Act of 1953.[10] The name of the university was changed from University of Bombay to University of Mumbai in 1996.[11]

In 1949, student enrolment was 42,272 with 80 affiliated colleges. By 1975, these numbers had grown to 156,190 and 114 respectively.[7]

Kalina Campus

[edit]

Examination processes were made more efficient by the introduction of online delivery of question papers for examinations, and assessment of answer books by scanning at remote examination centres. The academic depository of the university was started in collaboration with CDSL in 2015. The university is the first university in the country to start an academic depository.[12]

Library

[edit]
University Library at the Fort Campus.
Main article: University Library, Mumbai

Rajabai Clock Tower

[edit]
Rajabai Clock Tower, located at the Fort campus, was built in 1878.

One of Mumbai's landmarks, the Rajabai Clock Tower, was completed in the 1870s and houses the University of Mumbai's library. Sir George Gilbert Scott modeled the Rajabai Clock Tower on the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster in London.[16] Local businessman Premchand Roychand contributed to the cost of construction and named the tower in memory of his mother, Rajabai. The tower is 85 m (280 ft) tall and has five storeys. At a height of 9.1 m (30 ft) from the ground, there are eight statues representing the Indian castes. The tower clock is reported to have played 16 tunes including "Rule Britannia", "God Save the Queen", "Home! Sweet Home!" and "A Handel Symphony".[17] On the initiative of the then Vice-Chancellor, Rajan Welukar, the first phase of restoration of Rajabai Clock Tower started in 2013 and was completed in May 2015. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) gave a Rs 4 crore grant for this phase of the restoration project.[18]

Convocation Hall

[edit]
Main article: Convocation Hall, University of Mumbai

Affiliated colleges

[edit]

Its jurisdiction extends over 7 districts - Mumbai City district, Mumbai Suburban district, Palghar district, Raigad district, Ratnagiri district, Sindhudurg district, Thane district.[19][20]

Prominent institutes

[edit]

Several departments of the University of Mumbai are a part of vocational institutions and are not located on the four Mumbai campuses. These include the departments of Medicine and Medical Research located in many prominent hospitals in Mumbai, such as the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay Hospital and G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital. The Department of Medicine at Tata Memorial Hospital is now[when?] affiliated with the Homi Bhabha National Institute.

Institute of Chemical Technology (then known as the University Department of Chemical Technology, UDCT), was originally a department of MU, which later gained the status of a university.[21][third-party source needed]

Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, then known as the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, founded in 1887, was the first Engineering Institute of the University of Mumbai.[22] Thadomal Shahani Engineering College was the first Engineering college in the University of Mumbai to start courses in Computer Engineering, Information Technology, Electronics Engineering and Biomedical Engineering.[citation needed]

Libraries

[edit]
The Fort campus library.

Jawaharlal Nehru Library (JNL) is the central library, located on the campus at Kalina. As of May 2019, it desperately needs restoration.[23]

Vice-chancellors

[edit]
  • Dr. Ravindra D Kulkarni - June 2023 - Present

Notable alumni

[edit]
Main article: List of University of Mumbai alumni

Rankings

[edit]
University and college rankings
General – international
QS (World) (2025)[25]711-720
Times (World) (2023)[26]1201–1500
Times (Asia) (2022)[27]351–400
Times (Emerging) (2022)[28]351–400
General – India
NIRF (Overall) (2023)[29]96
NIRF (Universities) (2024)[30]61


Internationally, the University of Mumbai was ranked 751-760 in the QS World University Rankings of 2024[31] and 291–300 in Asia.[32] It was ranked 1201–1500 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2023,[26] 351–400 in Asia in 2022[27] and in the same band among emerging economies.[28]

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it 61st among universities in India in 2024.[33] It also ranked 96th overall in 2023.[29]

Partner universities

[edit]

Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) have been signed with University of Amsterdam, University of Bath, Liverpool Hope University, Toronto Metropolitan University, IESEG School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai University in China and Edith Cowan University in Australia.[34] Oxford University

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "University Student Enrollment Details". www.ugc.ac.in. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Campus". Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Mumbai University – Colours". Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  4. ^ "Mumbai University records 60% rise in students - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". 21 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  5. ^ "Mumbai University records 60% rise in students" : DNA – Daily News and Analysis newspaper article, Monday, 21 March 2011.
  6. ^ With 811 colleges, Pune varsity 2nd largest in country Archived 19 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Times of India newspaper article : 4 November 2013
  7. ^ a b c d e f Aroon Tikekar (2006). The Cloister's Pale: A Biography of the University of Mumbai (2nd ed.). Mumbai: Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7991-293-5.
  8. ^ First lady – Moneylife Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "University strengthens ties with India". Cherwell. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014.
  10. ^ Ṭikekara, Aroon (2006). The Cloisters Pale (2nd ed.). Mumbai: Popular Prakashan. p. 327. ISBN 978-817991293-5.
  11. ^ Government of Maharashtra Gazette 4 September 1996
  12. ^ "Data" (PDF). www.cdslindia.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
  13. ^ Karangutkar, Suyash (21 May 2019). "Varsity officials inspect dilapidated library". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  14. ^ Karangutkar, Suyash (13 May 2019). "In Mumbai University's Jawaharlal Nehru Library, no peace of mind". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  15. ^ "Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute". Mu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  16. ^ "Rajabai Tower Mumbai: Tourist Attractions in Mumbai". Mumbailocal.Net. 7 November 2010. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  17. ^ "Clocktower chimes". Deccan Herald. 22 April 2017. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  18. ^ "Mumbai's iconic Rajabai Clock Tower reopens after renovation". Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  19. ^ "About SJCEM – St. John College of Engineering & Management". Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  20. ^ "University Of Mumbai". Mumbai University - English. 7 March 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  21. ^ "ICT Mumbai". Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  22. ^ "Directorate of Technical Education, Maharashtra State, Mumbai". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  23. ^ Karangutkar, Suyash (13 May 2019). "In Mumbai University's Jawaharlal Nehru Library, no peace of mind". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  24. ^ "Hon'ble Vice Chancellor". mu.ac.in. 22 July 2014. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  25. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2025". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 4 June 2024.
  26. ^ a b "World University Rankings 2023". Times Higher Education. 2022.
  27. ^ a b "Asia University Rankings 2022". Times Higher Education. 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Emerging Economies University Rankings 2022". Times Higher Education. 2022.
  29. ^ a b "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Overall)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  30. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 (Universities)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 12 August 2024.
  31. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2024". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  32. ^ "QS Asia University Rankings 2024". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited.
  33. ^ "NIRF Ranking 2024" (PDF).
  34. ^ "Indian students should consider studying in China". Hindustan Times. 29 November 2011. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
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