Kapurthala: Difference between revisions
| (904 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{About|the municipality in Punjab, India|its namesake district|Kapurthala district}} |
|||
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction | |
|||
{{distinguish|Agartala}} |
|||
native_name=Kapurthala | |
|||
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}} |
|||
locator_position=right| |
|||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}{{Infobox settlement |
|||
latd = 31.38|longd=75.38| |
|||
| name = Kapurthala |
|||
state_name = Punjab| |
|||
| native_name_lang = |
|||
district=[[Kapurthala District|Kapurthala]]| |
|||
| other_name = |
|||
altitude=225| |
|||
| settlement_type = City |
|||
population_as_of = 2001| |
|||
| image_skyline = {{multiple image |
|||
population_total = 84361| |
|||
| border = infobox |
|||
area_magnitude=| |
|||
| total_width = 290 |
|||
area_total= 909.09| |
|||
| image_style = |
|||
area_telephone=01822| |
|||
| perrow = 1/2/2/ |
|||
postal_code= 144 602| |
|||
| image1 = Jagatjit Club.JPG |
|||
vehicle_code_range=PB 09| |
|||
| caption1 = [[Kapurthala#Jagatjit Club|Jagatjit Club]] |
|||
footnotes = | |
|||
| image2 = Durbar Hall , Kapurthala.jpg |
|||
| caption2 = [[Kapurthala#Darbar Hall (Diwan -e-Aam) Old Courts|Darbar Hall]] |
|||
| image3 = Villa at KPT.jpg |
|||
| caption3 = Villa Buona Vista |
|||
| image4 = Moorish Mosque of Kapurthala in the state of Punjab 05.jpg |
|||
| caption4 = [[Moorish Mosque, Kapurthala|Moorish Mosque]] |
|||
| image5 = Pushpa Gujral Science City - Outside View of IMAX Theater.jpg |
|||
| caption5 = [[Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala|Pushpa Gujral Science City]] |
|||
}} |
|||
| image_alt = |
|||
| image_caption = |
|||
| nickname = City of Palaces |
|||
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India |
|||
| pushpin_label_position = right |
|||
| pushpin_map_alt = |
|||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India |
|||
| coordinates = {{coord|31.38|N|75.38|E|display=inline,title}} |
|||
| subdivision_type = Country |
|||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] |
|||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kapurthala District|Kapurthala]] |
|||
| established_title = <!-- Established --> |
|||
| established_date = |
|||
| founder = [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kapurthala.gov.in/ |title=Kapurthala Web Portal |access-date=2023-08-18}}</ref> |
|||
| named_for = [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] |
|||
| government_type = |
|||
| governing_body = Municipal Corporation Kapurthala |
|||
| unit_pref = Metric |
|||
| area_footnotes = |
|||
| area_total_km2 = |
|||
| area_rank = |
|||
| elevation_footnotes = |
|||
| elevation_m = 225 |
|||
| population_total = 101854 |
|||
| population_as_of = 2011 |
|||
| population_footnotes = |
|||
| population_density_km2 = auto |
|||
| population_rank = |
|||
| population_demonym = |
|||
| demographics_type1 = Languages |
|||
| demographics1_title1 = Official |
|||
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
|||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 |
|||
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] |
|||
| postal_code = 144 601 |
|||
| area_code = 01822 |
|||
| area_code_type = Telephone code |
|||
| registration_plate = PB-09 |
|||
| website = |
|||
| footnotes = |
|||
| rulers = |
|||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |
|||
| imagesize = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Kapurthala''' ({{lang-pa|ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ}}) is a city in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] state of [[India]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Kapurthala District]]. It was the former capital of [[princely state]] of [[British India]] of the same name. The secular and aesthetic mix of the city with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic style of architecture self-narrate its princley past and once earned this small town in the Punjab the sobriquet of '''''Paris of Punjab'''''. |
|||
'''Kapurthala''' ({{IPA-pa|kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː|-}}) is a city in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Kapurthala District]]. It was the capital of the [[Kapurthala State]], a [[princely state]] in [[British India]]. The aesthetic mix of the city with its prominent buildings based on [[French architecture|French]] and [[Indo-Saracenic]] architecture self-narrate its princely past. It is also known as city of Palaces & Gardens. According to the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/facts/lowcitypopulation.html|title=Top 10 Least Populated Cities of India - 2023|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> |
|||
==Kapurthala Principality== |
|||
Kapurthala Principality was in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and had an area, 652 square miles. The [[1901]] population was 314,341, showing an increase of 5% in the decade. At the time, estimated gross revenue was 178,000 (currency unknown, probably in [[Pound (currency)|£]]) and paid tribute of 8700 (probably also in £). |
|||
==History== |
==History== |
||
Kapurthala town was founded by Kotak Rajputs. From 11th century to 1772, Kapurthala was under the control of various Muslim chieftains, who served as feudatories under [[Delhi Sultanate]] and the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kapurthala.gov.in/history/|title=History - Kapurthala Web Portal|access-date=2023-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hazrat Baba Haider Sheikh & Malerkotle Wale Pir |url=https://www.sufipost.com/2016/06/hazrat-baba-haider-sheikh-malerkotle.html |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Sufi Post {{!}}{{!}} The Relationship between Spirituality, Religion, and Culture}}</ref> |
|||
[[Image:Kapurthala flag.svg|thumb|left|Princely flag of Kapurthala]]The history of the Town of Kapurthala goes back as early as the 11th Century when it's said to have been founded by [[Rana Kapur]], a scion of the ruling house of [[Jaisalmer]] ([[Rajasthan]]). The present royal family of Kapurthala is descended from [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia|Nawab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], a contemporary of [[Nadir Shah]] and [[Ahmad Shah]], who by his intelligence and bravery made himself the leading Sikh of his day. At one time it held possessions on both sides of the [[Sutlej]], and also in the [[Bari Doab]]. The cis-Sutlej estates and scattered tracts in the Bari Doab were forfeited owing to the hostility of the chief in the [[First Sikh War]]; but the latter were afterwards restored in recognition of the loyalty of [[Raja Randhir Singh]] during the [[mutiny of 1857]], when he led a contingent to [[Oudh]] which did good service. He also received a grant of land in Oudh, 700 m² in extent, yielding a gross rental of 89,000. In Oudh, however, he exercises no sovereign powers, occupying only the status of a large landholder, with the title of Raja-i-Rajagan. |
|||
[[Image:Major-General H.H. Farzand-i-Dilband Rasikh- al-Iqtidad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Raja-i-Rajagan, Maharaja Sir Jagatjit Singh, Bahadur, Maharaja of Kapurthala, GCSI , GCIE , GBE.jpg|thumb|220px|right|[[Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala|Major-General H.H. Farzand-i-Dilband Rasikh- al-Iqtidad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Raja-i-Rajagan, Maharaja Sir Jagatjit Singh, Bahadur, Maharaja of Kapurthala, GCSI , GCIE , GBE]]]] |
|||
===Princely state=== |
|||
Raja Sir [[Jagatjit Singh]], [[K.C.S.I.]], was born in 1872, succeeded his father in 1877, and attained his majority in 1890. During the [[Tirah]] expedition of 1897-98 the Kapurthala imperial service infantry took a prominent part. The territory is crossed by the railway from [[Jalandhar]] to [[Amritsar]]. The state <!-- when? -->has a large export trade in wheat, sugar, and cotton. The hand-painted cloths and metal-work of [[Phagwara]] are well known. The town of Kapurthala is approximately 20 Kilometers from Jalandhar. |
|||
{{main|Kapurthala State}} |
|||
[[File:Kapurthala flag.svg|thumb|left|Kapurthala flag]] |
|||
==Geography== |
|||
In 1772, Kapurthala was seized from Muslim chieftains and was annexed into [[Kapurthala State]] by the [[Ahluwalia (misl)|Ahluwalia]] [[Sikh]] rulers. Kapurthala flag has two color background, with insignia and moto that says "pro rege et patria" (in Latin) meaning "For king and country" |
|||
Kapurthala is located at {{coor d|31.38|N|75.38|E|}}<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Kapurthala.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kapurthala]</ref>. It has an average elevation of 225 [[metre]]s (738 [[foot (unit of length)|feet]]). |
|||
==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
||
{{See also|List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh}} |
|||
[[As of 2001]] India [[census]]<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref>, Kapurthala had a population of 84,361. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Kapurthala has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 62%. In Kapurthala, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. |
|||
As per provisional data of 2011 census Kapurthala had a population of 101,854, out of which males were 55,485 and females were 46,169. The literacy rate was 85.82 per cent.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 2012-07-07 }}</ref> |
|||
==Monuments & Buildings== |
|||
[[Image:School 02.JPG|thumb|240px|Sainik School, Kapurthala]] |
|||
{{bar box|width = 300px |
|||
City of Kapurthala has several buildings and places of interest linked to its local history such as the Sainik School (Formerly ''Jagatjit Palace''), Shalamar Bagh (Gardens), District Courts buildings, Moorish Mosque, Panch Mandir ("Five Temples"), Clock Tower, State Gurudwara, Kanjli Wetlands, [[Guru Nanak]] Sports Stadium, Jagjit Club, and the NJSA Government college. |
|||
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0" |
|||
|title=Religion in Kapurthala<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/7-kapurthala.html|title=Kapurthala City Population 2023 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> |
|||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 |
|||
|left1=Religion |
|||
|right1=Percent |
|||
|float=right |
|||
|bars= |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|56.79}} |
|||
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Yellow|32.74}} |
|||
{{Bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|1.26}} |
|||
{{Bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.59}} |
|||
{{Bar percent|[[Jainism]]|Brown|0.11}} |
|||
{{Bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Gold|0.02}} |
|||
{{Bar percent|Other|Black|0.51}}}} |
|||
The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Kapurthala city, as of 2011 census. |
|||
{|class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|+Population by religious groups in Kapurthala city, 2011 census<ref>https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389, India - C-01: Population by religious community, Punjab - 2011, Kapurthala (M Cl)</ref> |
|||
!Religion!!Total!!Female!!Male |
|||
|- |
|||
|Hindu||62,056||27,793||34,263 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Sikh||34,410||16,298||18,112 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Muslim||1,242||469||773 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Christian||579||256||323 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Jain||110||47||63 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Buddhist||17||7||10 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Other religions||28||12||16 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Not stated||474||233||241 |
|||
|- |
|||
|Total||98,916||45,115||53,801 |
|||
|} |
|||
==Monuments and buildings== |
|||
[[File:Kapurthala Sainik School.jpg|thumb|240px|Sainik School, Kapurthala]] |
|||
The City of Kapurthala has several buildings and places of interest linked to its local history such as the Sainik School (Formerly ''Jagatjit Palace''), Shalimar Bagh (Gardens), District Courts buildings, Moorish Mosque, Panch Mandir ("Five Temples"), Clock Tower, State Gurudwara, Kanjli Wetlands, 15,000-capacity field hockey venue [[Guru Nanak Stadium]], Jagjit Club, and the NJSA Government college. The city also have first climatic change theater of country. |
|||
===Sainik School (Jagatjit Palace)=== |
===Sainik School (Jagatjit Palace)=== |
||
The [[Sainik School, Kapurthala, Punjab, India|Sainik School]], formerly known as Jagatjit Palace, is housed in what was formerly the palace of the erstwhile Maharajah of Kapurthala state, [[Jagatjit Singh Bahadur|Maharajah Jagatjit Singh]]. The palace building's architecture is based on the [[Palace of Versailles]] and [[Fontainebleau]]{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} and is spread over a total area of {{convert|200|acre|km2}}. It was designed by a French architect M. Marcel and built by a local builder Allah Ditta. It was built in renaissance style with the sunken park in the front (Known as Baija). Its [[Durbar (court)|Durbar]] Hall (Diwan-E-Khas) is one of the finest in India,{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} and the [[Plaster of Paris]] figures and painted ceilings represent the finest features of French and Italian art and architecture.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} The construction of this palace was commenced in 1900 and completed in 1908 in time for the new wife of the Maharajah [[Anita Delgado]].Historical facts about her backgrounds need to be ascertained. |
|||
=== Darbar Hall (Diwan -e-Aam) Old Courts === |
|||
The stately Durbar Hall stands proudly at the heart of the city of Kapurthala, Punjab. It was, at one time the Court of Maharaja Jagatjit Singh, its creator. Maharaja's annual birthday celebrations and other state rituals and ceremonies were also held here. The Highest Court of Appeal after Maharaja's Court was Chief Justice Court, The Last Chief Justice of Kapurthala State was His Lordship Hon’ble Justice Pandit Dwarka Dass Randev from 1938 till 1947, He was Son of Dewan Lala Shiv Narayan Randev (Collector And Chief Secretary ) Of Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala and Nephew of Chief Judge Of Kapurthala Hon’ble Justice Lala Bhagat Ram Randev from 1901 to 1913 . This complex after independence 1947 to 2016, was the District Courts Complex which houses the Court of the District and the Sessions Judge as well as the offices of the Deputy Commissioner. The Durbar Hall was completed in 1889. Its architecture represents Indo-Saracenic style. There is a upper deck gallery running on both sides. It unfolds stylized domes and canopies, and lattice work executed in stone. Facing the massive wooden door of the main entrance is a bronze equestrian statue of Raja Randhir Singh. |
|||
===Elysee Palace=== |
|||
The Elysee Palace was commissioned by Kanwar [[Bikrama Singh]] and completed in 1862. This building has now been converted into MGN School of Kapurthala. |
|||
===Moorish Mosque=== |
===Moorish Mosque=== |
||
[[File:Moorish Mosque of Kapurthala in the state of Punjab 01.jpg|thumb|Moorish Mosque of Kapurthala]] |
|||
replica of the Grand Mosque of [[ |
An example of the secular history of Kapurthala is the [[Moorish Mosque, Kapurthala|Moorish Mosque]], a replica of the Grand Mosque of [[Marrakesh]], [[Morocco]], was built by a French architect, Monsieur M Manteaux. Its construction was commissioned by the last ruler of Kapurthala, [[Jagatjit Singh Bahadur|Maharajah Jagatjit Singh]] and took 13 years to complete between 1917 and 1930. It was then consecrated in the presence of the late Nawab of [[Bhawalpur]]. The Mosque's inner dome contains decorations by the artists of the Mayo School of Art, [[Lahore]]. The Mosque is a National Monument under the Archaeological Survey of India. It was one of the monumental creations in the State during the premiership of late Diwan Sir Abdul Hamid Kt., CIE, OBE. It was his keen interest with Maharaja's blessings that the mosque was completed. Its wooden model lay at the entrance of the Lahore Museum. |
||
===Jagatjit Club=== |
===Jagatjit Club=== |
||
[[ |
[[File:Jagatjit Club 1.jpg|thumb|Jagatjit Club Facade]] |
||
Jagatjit Club is an elegant building situated in the heart of the city based on the |
Jagatjit Club is an elegant building situated in the heart of the city based on the Greek roman style of architecture. Its design loosely resembles the [[Parthenon]] on the [[Acropolis of Athens]] and features the [[coat of arms]] of the erstwhile ruling family of Kapurthala with their royal motto "Pro Rege et Patria" (For King and Country) on its pediment. The building has been used for a variety of purposes since it was constructed, it was used as a church in the early nineteenth century, as a cinema hall in the 1940s and now houses a local club which includes a well built badminton court, a card room and a dining hall. |
||
=== |
=== Gol Kothi === |
||
Gol Kothi’ which stands opposite to the official residence of senior superintendent of police (SSP) has a rich history. It was built by famous Companion of Maharaja Ranjit Singh And Ruler of Kapurthala State Raja [[Fateh Singh Ahluwalia]] Saheb Of Kapurthala in the year 1833 and was once the residence of [[Dewan]](Chief Minister) Of Kapurthala erstwhile princely state.Later, The Last Maharaja of Kapurthala Maharaja Sir Jagatjit Singh Saheb Bahadur Ahluwalia spent his formative years in the building in the 1880s. |
|||
The famous [[Gurudwara Ber Sahib]] is situated at [[Sultanpur Lodhi]], which is one of the four sub-divisions ([[Tehsil]]) of Kapurthala. This historic site is of great importance to Sikhism as it is said to be the very place where the First Guru of Sikhs, [[Guru Nanak Dev|Guru Nanak]], spent 14 years of his life and attained enlightenment whilst bathing in a small rivulet, the ''Bein''. The place derives its name from a ''Ber'' tree ([[Ziziphus mauritiana|Zizyphus Jujuba]]) said to be planted by Guru Nanak himself and under which he first uttered the [[Mul Mantra|Mool Mantra]] or the "Sacred Word or Revelation" of [[Sikhism]]. |
|||
=== |
===Shalimar Gardens=== |
||
Shalimar Gardens are situated in roughly the centre of the city and provide an escape from the hustle-bustle of the city. The Shahi Samadhs (The Royal Cenotaphs) in the Shalimar Gardens emphasize the traditions of its ruling dynasty. [[Marble]] [[obelisks]] inside the red [[sandstone]] Chambers, are Memorials to the former Rulers and their families. Nearby, a grand structure built in 1880 and built on a marble plinth, houses the Samadhs of Maharajas Kharak Singh, Jagatjit Singh and Paramjit Singh. |
|||
A World Class Amusement & Learning Destination |
|||
===Panch Mandir (Five Temples)=== |
|||
In 2005, the Governor of Punjab, Lt. Gen (retd) [[Sunith Francis Rodrigues|S.F Rodrigues]], inaugurated the Pushpa Gujral Science City or simply known as the [[Science City]]. A joint venture between the state government and the Government of India,located on Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway. This project has been designed as an institution of excellence, for meeting both educational and recreational purposes. Despite being a recent development, it is now fast promoting itself as a tourist attraction, providing facilities for an informal science education through a more recreational aspect. Some of the attractions range from purely recreational adventure sports such as rock-climbing, aero-ballooning, boating to demonstrating learning in the field of nano-technology, micro-machines, levitation and genomics etc. |
|||
Panch Mandir of Kapurthala is a place of reverence for all faiths. The temple complex is home to five small temples. Built during the reign of Sardar Fateh Singh, an extraordinary feature of this temple is that from the entry door, one can view all the five idols and pay obeisance to all. There is a temple Mandir Shivala Dewan Banna Mal Gautam in [[Nawanshahr]] Which is replica of Panch Mandir Kapurthala. Dewan Banna Mal Gautam was Chief Minister of Kapurthala State and Manager of His Highness Maharaja Sir Randhir Singh Bahadur of Kapurthala's estates in Oudh. |
|||
Pushpa Gujral Science City is also coming up as Entertainment Capital having 23 meter dia Dome Theatre showing Large Format Films on 10 times larger screen than ordinary cinema hall screens. Other world class attractions are Flight Simulator, 3D Cinema, LASER Show, Earthquake Simulator and more than 200 interactive exhibits on Physics, Mechanical, Optics, Health, Space, Aviation, Fun Science etc. |
|||
One of Asia's biggest Dinosaurs Park on the island having lake around it of 1 Km rowing distance has been set up. |
|||
===The State Gurdwara=== |
|||
==Education== |
|||
The large and imposing red sandstone building (now painted white) of the State Gurudwara was consecrated in 1915 under the charge of Revail Singh. Built in the Indo-Saracenic style, it has vast expanses of marble haloed by the feet of the hundreds of devotees. It is situated in the center of the city on the Sultanpur road. Recently, it is being renovated. There is a big park behind the Gurudwara building. |
|||
The main higher education institutions of Kapurthala are the [[NJSA Government College]] or popularly known as the [[Randhir College]] and the [[Hindu Kanya College]] for women. There are numerous Primary and Secondary schools in Kapurthala, however, the prominent list includes the [[Sainik School]],Bawa Lalvani Public School, MGN Public School,Little Angels Co-Ed School, [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] ([[Kapurthala Cantonment|Kapurthala Cantt.]]), the [[Army School]] and the only [[ICSE]] pattern based convent school, [[Christ King Convent School]] and [[Bawa-Lalvani Public School]]. |
|||
=== Brahmkund Mandir === |
|||
Mukhi Shiv Ling Brahmkund Temple is the [[Punjabi folk religion#Jathera—ancestral shrines|jathere]] of Gautam Brahmin( Shori Gotra) Family of Dewan Banna Mal Gautam (Misr). Dewan Banna Mal was born in Nawanshahr in Gautam Brahmin ( Shori Gotra) Family, Banna Mal was son of Vaid Jhanda Mal, This temple was built by Dewan Banna Mal's sons Dewan Acchru Mal Gautam Revenue Minister Of [[Kapurthala State]] and Dewan Sundri Mal Gautam. Dewan Banna Mal was Dewan of Maharaja Randhir Singh Bahadur of Kapurthala and Manager of Kapurthala's estate in Oudh. [[Bana Malwala]] village in Mand area of Kapurthala is after Banna Mal's Name and Dewan Banna Mal has also built Mandir Shivala Dewan Banna Mal in [[Nawanshahr]]. |
|||
===Kanjli Wetlands=== |
|||
Kanjli Wetlands, on the western Bein rivulet at the outskirts of the city, has been included in under the Ramsar Convention. It is a common site for bird watching and boating. An enormous project is currently being undertaken here to develop it into a destination for bird watching replete with modern-day facilities. The Kanjli Wetlands have been in a state of neglect lately with little attention being given by the authorities to the condition of flora and fauna and its surrounding infrastructure. |
|||
==Sultanpur Lodhi Places== |
|||
Source:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kapurthala.gov.in/tourist-place/ | title=Tourist Place | Kapurthala Web Portal | India }}</ref> |
|||
===Gurdwara Ber Sahib=== |
|||
{{Main article|Gurdwara Sri Ber Sahib}} |
|||
[[File:Ber Sahib.jpg|thumb|240px|Gurdwara Ber Sahib]] |
|||
The Gurdwara Ber Sahib is situated at [[Sultanpur Lodhi]], which is one of the four sub-divisions ([[Tehsil]]) of Kapurthala.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |first=PTI & |date=2019-11-09 |title=PM Modi pays obeisance at Ber Sahib Gurudwara in Punjab's Sultanpur Lodhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/watch-pm-modi-pays-obeisance-at-ber-sahib-gurudwara-in-punjabs-sultanpur-lodhi/article29930360.ece |access-date=2024-05-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> This historic site is of great importance to Sikhism as it is said to be the very place where the First Guru of Sikhs, [[Guru Nanak Dev|Guru Nanak]], spent 14 years (14 years 9 months 13 days) of his life . The place derives its name from a ''Ber'' tree ([[Ziziphus jujuba]]) said to be planted by Guru Nanak himself and under which he first uttered the [[Mul Mantra|Mool Mantra]] or the "Sacred Word or Revelation" of [[Sikhism]]. |
|||
===The Gurdwara Bebe Nanaki Ji=== |
|||
The Gurdwara Bebe Nanaki Ji is situated in the Sultanpur Lodhi City of Kapurthala Distt. The Gurdwara Bebe Nanaki Ji comprises a central hall, with the Guru Granth Sahib seated in a white marble palaki at the far end. The Guru Granth Sahib is also seated in a small side room symbolizing Bebe Nanaki's own lodging. Over the sanctum, above the hall roof, is a square domed room with arched copings. Bulbous domes adorn the corners of the hall roof. |
|||
===Gurudwara Shri Guru Ka Baag=== |
|||
Gurudwara Shri Guru Ka Baag is situated in the Sultanpur Lodhi city in Kapurthala Distt. Guru Nanak spent 14 years in Sultanpur Lodhi as a young man working for Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi. This was the house of Guru Nanak where his two sons Baba Sri Chand and Baba Lakhmi Chand were born. Guru Nanak tested his two sons, but neither proved worthy of being his successor. Baba Lakhmi Chand was too involved in worldly affairs while Baba Sri Chand chose the path of renunciation and became an aesthetic. Guru Sahib used to have Langar prepared by Bibi Nanaki ji. Well (Khooh) is also located here, from which water was used for Langar Preparation. |
|||
===Gurudwara Sri Sant Ghat Sahib=== |
|||
Gurudwara Sri Sant Ghat Sahib is situated in the Sultanpur Lodhi town of Kapurthala district. It is situated on the bank of Bein river. From Ber sahib, Satguru nanak dev ji dived into Bein and disappeared. The big reason for this place to be named sant ghaat is that maharaaj guru nanak dev ji meditated here to the akaal purakh and went from here to serve the World. |
|||
==Places in Phagwara== |
|||
===Gurdwara Sukhchainana Sahib=== |
|||
This place belongs to the 6th Master Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib ji, during his visit in Phagwara City. Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji came here after fighting with mughals and rested here under the tree. |
|||
===Mansa devi mandir=== |
|||
The temple is a famous shrine and pilgrimage spot in the city it is situated at Hadiabad, Phagwara<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kapurthala.gov.in/places-of-interest/ | title=Places of Interest | Kapurthala Web Portal | India }}</ref> |
|||
==Climate== |
|||
{{Weather box |
|||
| location = Kapurthala (1981–2010, extremes 1966–1996) |
|||
| metric first = yes |
|||
| single line = yes |
|||
| Jan record high C = 27.7 |
|||
| Feb record high C = 28.2 |
|||
| Mar record high C = 35.0 |
|||
| Apr record high C = 43.0 |
|||
| May record high C = 47.7 |
|||
| Jun record high C = 47.3 |
|||
| Jul record high C = 45.5 |
|||
| Aug record high C = 41.2 |
|||
| Sep record high C = 41.0 |
|||
| Oct record high C = 38.1 |
|||
| Nov record high C = 39.0 |
|||
| Dec record high C = 28.0 |
|||
| year record high C = 47.7 |
|||
| Jan high C = 18.2 |
|||
| Feb high C = 20.8 |
|||
| Mar high C = 25.6 |
|||
| Apr high C = 33.4 |
|||
| May high C = 38.4 |
|||
| Jun high C = 40.5 |
|||
| Jul high C = 36.0 |
|||
| Aug high C = 34.0 |
|||
| Sep high C = 34.1 |
|||
| Oct high C = 31.3 |
|||
| Nov high C = 25.9 |
|||
| Dec high C = 20.3 |
|||
| year high C = 29.9 |
|||
| Jan low C = 5.0 |
|||
| Feb low C = 7.5 |
|||
| Mar low C = 11.8 |
|||
| Apr low C = 17.1 |
|||
| May low C = 21.8 |
|||
| Jun low C = 24.0 |
|||
| Jul low C = 24.0 |
|||
| Aug low C = 24.8 |
|||
| Sep low C = 22.6 |
|||
| Oct low C = 16.9 |
|||
| Nov low C = 10.8 |
|||
| Dec low C = 5.8 |
|||
| year low C = 16.0 |
|||
| Jan record low C = 0.0 |
|||
| Feb record low C = 1.0 |
|||
| Mar record low C = 1.8 |
|||
| Apr record low C = 7.0 |
|||
| May record low C = 11.8 |
|||
| Jun record low C = 15.5 |
|||
| Jul record low C = 14.5 |
|||
| Aug record low C = 17.8 |
|||
| Sep record low C = 12.0 |
|||
| Oct record low C = 8.0 |
|||
| Nov record low C = 2.0 |
|||
| Dec record low C = 0.0 |
|||
| year record low C = 0.0 |
|||
| rain colour = green |
|||
| Jan rain mm = 24.1 |
|||
| Feb rain mm = 32.8 |
|||
| Mar rain mm = 35.6 |
|||
| Apr rain mm = 23.3 |
|||
| May rain mm = 31.9 |
|||
| Jun rain mm = 29.3 |
|||
| Jul rain mm = 171.3 |
|||
| Aug rain mm = 148.6 |
|||
| Sep rain mm = 109.0 |
|||
| Oct rain mm = 12.1 |
|||
| Nov rain mm = 7.3 |
|||
| Dec rain mm = 12.0 |
|||
| year rain mm = 637.3 |
|||
| Jan rain days = 2.1 |
|||
| Feb rain days = 3.4 |
|||
| Mar rain days = 3.2 |
|||
| Apr rain days = 2.3 |
|||
| May rain days = 2.2 |
|||
| Jun rain days = 2.3 |
|||
| Jul rain days = 6.9 |
|||
| Aug rain days = 7.3 |
|||
| Sep rain days = 3.8 |
|||
| Oct rain days = 0.6 |
|||
| Nov rain days = 0.7 |
|||
| Dec rain days = 1.3 |
|||
| year rain days = 36.1 |
|||
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
|||
| Jan humidity = 75 |
|||
| Feb humidity = 74 |
|||
| Mar humidity = 72 |
|||
| Apr humidity = 62 |
|||
| May humidity = 60 |
|||
| Jun humidity = 56 |
|||
| Jul humidity = 75 |
|||
| Aug humidity = 83 |
|||
| Sep humidity = 72 |
|||
| Oct humidity = 69 |
|||
| Nov humidity = 70 |
|||
| Dec humidity = 72 |
|||
| year humidity = 70 |
|||
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |
|||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 |
|||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |
|||
| title = Station: Kapurthala Climatological Table 1981–2010 |
|||
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 |
|||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department |
|||
| date = January 2015 |
|||
| pages = 389–390 |
|||
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |
|||
| archive-date = 5 February 2020 |
|||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |
|||
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) |
|||
| publisher = India Meteorological Department |
|||
| date = December 2016 |
|||
| page = M170 |
|||
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
==Transport== |
==Transport== |
||
The City of Kapurthala is well connected with the main transport routes of the Punjab and [[North India|Northern India]]. It is situated 19 |
The City of Kapurthala is well connected with the main transport routes of the Punjab and [[North India|Northern India]]. It is situated 19 km away toward South-West of its closest neighbouring city of [[Jalandhar]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=How to reach Kapurthala|url=https://kapurthala.gov.in/how-to-reach/|access-date=29 August 2020|publisher=Kapurthala district official website}}</ref> |
||
== |
===Road=== |
||
Kapurthala is connected to rest of state and India through [[National Highway 703A (India)|National Highway 703A]] and Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg ([[National Highway 703AA (India)|NH 703AA]]).<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 October 2019|title=Kapurthala-Taran Taran road declared as NH- 703 A A named as Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg|work=[[All India Radio|All India Radio (AIR)]]|url=http://www.newsonair.com/News?title=Kapurthala-Taran-Taran-road-declared-as-NH--703-A-A--named-as-Shri-Guru-Nanak-Dev-Ji-Marg&id=373116|access-date=29 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=18 October 2019|title=NH No. 703AA in Punjab named as Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg|work=[[DD News]]|url=http://ddnews.gov.in/national/nh-no-703aa-punjab-named-guru-nanak-dev-ji-marg-gadkari|access-date=29 August 2020}}</ref> |
|||
Kapurthala is home to several medium-to-large scale industries of the region. Some of these are the Rail Coach Factory (see below); JCT Mills [[Phagwara]] (a sub-division of Kapurthala district) which is one of the most successful textile mills in India; SSK, one of India's oldest and biggest manufacturers of Electrical wiring accessorie, founded in 1935, is also based in Kapurthala . Other prominent industries include the Oswal Agro (Sugar) Mills and the Jagatjit Industries Limited (JIL), the latter being set-up under the partonage of Maharajah of Kapurthala in 1944 and remains one of the largest breweries of alcoholic beverages and manufacturer of dairy products in India. |
|||
Kapurthala also is the homeground for KAPSYN group of Industries which has been established by professionals having a very long experience in the trade, to manufacture Nylon Sandwich Beltings and Synthetic Spindle Tapes, using the best-available technology. The Company commenced its operations in the year 1998 and within a short span of time, the company has received wide acceptance of its products in the Textile, Paper and General Engineering Industry within India and abroad. |
|||
===Railway=== |
|||
==Rail Coach Factory== |
|||
The [[Kapurthala railway station]] which is located on [[Jalandhar–Firozpur line]] connects it to all parts of India through two major railway junctions stations of Jalandhar and Firozpur.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Time table of KAPURTHALA (KXH) railway station|url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationTimeTable.jsp?stncode=KXH|access-date=29 August 2020|website=Rail Drishti}}</ref> |
|||
Kapurthala boasts of having one of the most innovative large scale hi-tech manufacturing units dedicated to building railway carriages for [[Indian Railways]]. Popularly known as RCF, the [[Rail Coach Factory]] was established in 1986 by the [[Government of India]] and has been instrumental in contributing to the economy of the district. RCF is located in serene and green environment and is ISO 14001 certified (see External Links) |
|||
== |
===Air=== |
||
The nearest airport to Kapurthala, [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]] is located at Amritsar, about 75 km away.<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Derby]], [[United Kingdom]] |
|||
== |
==Education== |
||
The main higher education institutions of Kapurthala are - |
|||
* [[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur]], the first female Indian Cabinet Minister. |
|||
* I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University |
|||
* [[Anita Delgado]], a Spanish dancer married by the last prince. |
|||
* '''Lyallpur Khalsa College (Urban Estate) Kapurthala''' |
|||
* [[Khurshid Anwar]], leading activist in the creation of Pakistan. |
|||
*G.N.D.U Regional Campus, Fattudhinga, Sultanpur Lodhi, Kapurthala, established in 2013. |
|||
* [[Rajan Zed]], prominent Hindu chaplain and Indo-American leader. |
|||
*College of Engineering and Management (CEM) |
|||
*SD Public School, Sheikhupur, Kapurthala |
|||
* [[NJSA Government College]], established in 1856, popularly known as [[Randhir College]], after its founder Randhir Singh of Kapurthala<ref name=tri>{{cite news |title=College of excellence, 150 years ago |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061001/society.htm#1 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=1 October 2006 }}</ref> |
|||
*Anand College of Engineering and Management (ACEM) |
|||
*Hindu Kanya College for women |
|||
* [[Bebe Nanaki University College Mithra]] |
|||
* Lord Krishna Polytechnic College (LKPC), Subhnapur road, Kapurthala |
|||
* Shaheed Udham Singh College of Technology, Subhanpur Road, Kapurthala.(SUS COLLEGE) |
|||
* Sardar swaran singh national institute of bio energy. |
|||
There are numerous primary and secondary schools in Kapurthala, notably - |
|||
*Anand Public Senior Secondary School |
|||
*Bawa Lalvani Public School |
|||
*Christ King Convent School, the only [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] pattern based convent school in the city |
|||
*Dhilwan International Public School (DIPS) |
|||
*Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School Kapurthala (Ghanta Ghar School) |
|||
*J.K. Public Senior Secondary School (started by local personality Jhanda Mal Sharma) |
|||
*Kendriya Vidyalaya Kapurthala Cantt |
|||
*KR Jain DAV Public School |
|||
*MDSD Sr Sec School |
|||
*MGN Public School |
|||
*Onkar Public Senior Secondary School |
|||
*Prita Lee Lesson Senior Secondary School |
|||
*Sainik School |
|||
*Little Angels Co-Ed School |
|||
*Randhir School |
|||
*GTB International Sr. Sec. School |
|||
*Premjot Sr Sec Public School |
|||
*Cambridge International School |
|||
==Culture and Films== |
|||
*The film '[[Tanu Weds Manu]]' (2011) had some scenes shot in Kapurthala city and [[Kala Sanghian]]. |
|||
*Kapurthala gives its name to the Kapurthala stomacher, a wedding gift from the Maharajah to [[Mary of Teck]], the future Queen Mary, in 1893.<ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Collection|url=http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/royalwedding1947/object.asp?grouping=&exhibs=NONE&object=200188&row=17&detail=about|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609133845/http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/royalwedding1947/object.asp?grouping=&exhibs=NONE&object=200188&row=17&detail=about|archive-date=2008-06-09|access-date=2023-08-18}}</ref> |
|||
*In the 2010 Pakistani drama [[Dastaan (2010 TV series)|Dastaan]], a period drama that is set during the Partition of India, Kapurthala serves as the place where Bano, the main Muslim female character, is kept for nearly five years by a Sikh family.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} |
|||
==Literature== |
|||
*Kapurthala is the birthplace of the [[Urdu]] Poet, [[Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi]]. |
|||
==Medical College== |
|||
There is '''<u>5th Government Medical College (20 acres)</u>''' under construction near Civil Hospital. The name of college is changed and new name is dedicated for 550th Birthday of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji. New name is '''''<u>Sri Guru Nanak Dev State Institute of Medical Sciences, Kapurthala</u>'''''; <u>'''Kapurthala Medical College'''</u>; '''Government Medical College, Kapurthala. '''This college is 2nd Doaba Region MBBS teaching college after PIMS Jalandhar. This college will teach students from 2022 to 2023. |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
<references/> |
|||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
* |
*[https://kapurthala.gov.in/ Kapurthala Web Portal] - kapurthala.gov.in |
||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110207222635/http://kapurthalacity.com/ Kapurthala, a City with a Royal Ambiance] - www.kapurthalacity.com |
|||
* [http://www.kapurthalaonline.com/index.htm www.KapurthalaOnline.com] |
|||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090713222406/http://www.kapurthalacity.info/ More Information about Kapurthala] - www.kapurthalacity.info |
|||
* [http://www.rcfkapurthala.com/html/index.asp Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala] |
|||
*[http://www.kapurthala.online Information about Kapurthala city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306083527/https://kapurthala.online/ |date=6 March 2021 }} - www.kapurthalaonline.com |
|||
* [http://www.pgsciencecity.org/index.htm Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala] |
|||
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9o94z3D0Yk Sights and street views of Kapurthala city (YouTube video] - www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9o94z3D0Yk |
|||
*[http://www.lkckpt.ac.in Information about Best College in Kapurthala] - www.lkckpt.ac.in |
|||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Punjab (India)]] |
|||
{{Kapurthala district}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Kapurthala| ]] |
|||
[[bn:কাপুরথালা]] |
|||
[[ |
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kapurthala district]] |
||
[[fr:Kapurthala]] |
|||
[[bpy:কাপুরথালা]] |
|||
[[new:कपुरथला]] |
|||
[[pt:Kapurthala]] |
|||
[[sv:Kapurthala]] |
|||
[[vi:Kapurthala]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 06:27, 2 October 2024
Kapurthala | |
|---|---|
City | |
| Nickname: City of Palaces | |
  Kapurthala Location in Punjab, India  Kapurthala Kapurthala (India) | |
| Coordinates: 31°23′N 75°23′E / 31.38°N 75.38°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Kapurthala |
| Founded by | Jassa Singh Ahluwalia[1] |
| Named for | Nawab Kapur Singh |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipal Corporation Kapurthala |
| Elevation | 225 m (738 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 101,854 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 144 601 |
| Telephone code | 01822 |
| Vehicle registration | PB-09 |
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. The aesthetic mix of the city with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. It is also known as city of Palaces & Gardens. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.[2]
History
[edit]Kapurthala town was founded by Kotak Rajputs. From 11th century to 1772, Kapurthala was under the control of various Muslim chieftains, who served as feudatories under Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire.[3][4]
Princely state
[edit]
In 1772, Kapurthala was seized from Muslim chieftains and was annexed into Kapurthala State by the Ahluwalia Sikh rulers. Kapurthala flag has two color background, with insignia and moto that says "pro rege et patria" (in Latin) meaning "For king and country"
Demographics
[edit]As per provisional data of 2011 census Kapurthala had a population of 101,854, out of which males were 55,485 and females were 46,169. The literacy rate was 85.82 per cent.[5]
The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Kapurthala city, as of 2011 census.
| Religion | Total | Female | Male |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hindu | 62,056 | 27,793 | 34,263 |
| Sikh | 34,410 | 16,298 | 18,112 |
| Muslim | 1,242 | 469 | 773 |
| Christian | 579 | 256 | 323 |
| Jain | 110 | 47 | 63 |
| Buddhist | 17 | 7 | 10 |
| Other religions | 28 | 12 | 16 |
| Not stated | 474 | 233 | 241 |
| Total | 98,916 | 45,115 | 53,801 |
Monuments and buildings
[edit]
The City of Kapurthala has several buildings and places of interest linked to its local history such as the Sainik School (Formerly Jagatjit Palace), Shalimar Bagh (Gardens), District Courts buildings, Moorish Mosque, Panch Mandir ("Five Temples"), Clock Tower, State Gurudwara, Kanjli Wetlands, 15,000-capacity field hockey venue Guru Nanak Stadium, Jagjit Club, and the NJSA Government college. The city also have first climatic change theater of country.
Sainik School (Jagatjit Palace)
[edit]The Sainik School, formerly known as Jagatjit Palace, is housed in what was formerly the palace of the erstwhile Maharajah of Kapurthala state, Maharajah Jagatjit Singh. The palace building's architecture is based on the Palace of Versailles and Fontainebleau[citation needed] and is spread over a total area of 200 acres (0.81 km2). It was designed by a French architect M. Marcel and built by a local builder Allah Ditta. It was built in renaissance style with the sunken park in the front (Known as Baija). Its Durbar Hall (Diwan-E-Khas) is one of the finest in India,[citation needed] and the Plaster of Paris figures and painted ceilings represent the finest features of French and Italian art and architecture.[citation needed] The construction of this palace was commenced in 1900 and completed in 1908 in time for the new wife of the Maharajah Anita Delgado.Historical facts about her backgrounds need to be ascertained.
Darbar Hall (Diwan -e-Aam) Old Courts
[edit]The stately Durbar Hall stands proudly at the heart of the city of Kapurthala, Punjab. It was, at one time the Court of Maharaja Jagatjit Singh, its creator. Maharaja's annual birthday celebrations and other state rituals and ceremonies were also held here. The Highest Court of Appeal after Maharaja's Court was Chief Justice Court, The Last Chief Justice of Kapurthala State was His Lordship Hon’ble Justice Pandit Dwarka Dass Randev from 1938 till 1947, He was Son of Dewan Lala Shiv Narayan Randev (Collector And Chief Secretary ) Of Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala and Nephew of Chief Judge Of Kapurthala Hon’ble Justice Lala Bhagat Ram Randev from 1901 to 1913 . This complex after independence 1947 to 2016, was the District Courts Complex which houses the Court of the District and the Sessions Judge as well as the offices of the Deputy Commissioner. The Durbar Hall was completed in 1889. Its architecture represents Indo-Saracenic style. There is a upper deck gallery running on both sides. It unfolds stylized domes and canopies, and lattice work executed in stone. Facing the massive wooden door of the main entrance is a bronze equestrian statue of Raja Randhir Singh.
Elysee Palace
[edit]The Elysee Palace was commissioned by Kanwar Bikrama Singh and completed in 1862. This building has now been converted into MGN School of Kapurthala.
Moorish Mosque
[edit]
An example of the secular history of Kapurthala is the Moorish Mosque, a replica of the Grand Mosque of Marrakesh, Morocco, was built by a French architect, Monsieur M Manteaux. Its construction was commissioned by the last ruler of Kapurthala, Maharajah Jagatjit Singh and took 13 years to complete between 1917 and 1930. It was then consecrated in the presence of the late Nawab of Bhawalpur. The Mosque's inner dome contains decorations by the artists of the Mayo School of Art, Lahore. The Mosque is a National Monument under the Archaeological Survey of India. It was one of the monumental creations in the State during the premiership of late Diwan Sir Abdul Hamid Kt., CIE, OBE. It was his keen interest with Maharaja's blessings that the mosque was completed. Its wooden model lay at the entrance of the Lahore Museum.
Jagatjit Club
[edit]
Jagatjit Club is an elegant building situated in the heart of the city based on the Greek roman style of architecture. Its design loosely resembles the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens and features the coat of arms of the erstwhile ruling family of Kapurthala with their royal motto "Pro Rege et Patria" (For King and Country) on its pediment. The building has been used for a variety of purposes since it was constructed, it was used as a church in the early nineteenth century, as a cinema hall in the 1940s and now houses a local club which includes a well built badminton court, a card room and a dining hall.
Gol Kothi
[edit]Gol Kothi’ which stands opposite to the official residence of senior superintendent of police (SSP) has a rich history. It was built by famous Companion of Maharaja Ranjit Singh And Ruler of Kapurthala State Raja Fateh Singh Ahluwalia Saheb Of Kapurthala in the year 1833 and was once the residence of Dewan(Chief Minister) Of Kapurthala erstwhile princely state.Later, The Last Maharaja of Kapurthala Maharaja Sir Jagatjit Singh Saheb Bahadur Ahluwalia spent his formative years in the building in the 1880s.
Shalimar Gardens
[edit]Shalimar Gardens are situated in roughly the centre of the city and provide an escape from the hustle-bustle of the city. The Shahi Samadhs (The Royal Cenotaphs) in the Shalimar Gardens emphasize the traditions of its ruling dynasty. Marble obelisks inside the red sandstone Chambers, are Memorials to the former Rulers and their families. Nearby, a grand structure built in 1880 and built on a marble plinth, houses the Samadhs of Maharajas Kharak Singh, Jagatjit Singh and Paramjit Singh.
Panch Mandir (Five Temples)
[edit]Panch Mandir of Kapurthala is a place of reverence for all faiths. The temple complex is home to five small temples. Built during the reign of Sardar Fateh Singh, an extraordinary feature of this temple is that from the entry door, one can view all the five idols and pay obeisance to all. There is a temple Mandir Shivala Dewan Banna Mal Gautam in Nawanshahr Which is replica of Panch Mandir Kapurthala. Dewan Banna Mal Gautam was Chief Minister of Kapurthala State and Manager of His Highness Maharaja Sir Randhir Singh Bahadur of Kapurthala's estates in Oudh.
The State Gurdwara
[edit]The large and imposing red sandstone building (now painted white) of the State Gurudwara was consecrated in 1915 under the charge of Revail Singh. Built in the Indo-Saracenic style, it has vast expanses of marble haloed by the feet of the hundreds of devotees. It is situated in the center of the city on the Sultanpur road. Recently, it is being renovated. There is a big park behind the Gurudwara building.
Brahmkund Mandir
[edit]Mukhi Shiv Ling Brahmkund Temple is the jathere of Gautam Brahmin( Shori Gotra) Family of Dewan Banna Mal Gautam (Misr). Dewan Banna Mal was born in Nawanshahr in Gautam Brahmin ( Shori Gotra) Family, Banna Mal was son of Vaid Jhanda Mal, This temple was built by Dewan Banna Mal's sons Dewan Acchru Mal Gautam Revenue Minister Of Kapurthala State and Dewan Sundri Mal Gautam. Dewan Banna Mal was Dewan of Maharaja Randhir Singh Bahadur of Kapurthala and Manager of Kapurthala's estate in Oudh. Bana Malwala village in Mand area of Kapurthala is after Banna Mal's Name and Dewan Banna Mal has also built Mandir Shivala Dewan Banna Mal in Nawanshahr.
Kanjli Wetlands
[edit]Kanjli Wetlands, on the western Bein rivulet at the outskirts of the city, has been included in under the Ramsar Convention. It is a common site for bird watching and boating. An enormous project is currently being undertaken here to develop it into a destination for bird watching replete with modern-day facilities. The Kanjli Wetlands have been in a state of neglect lately with little attention being given by the authorities to the condition of flora and fauna and its surrounding infrastructure.
Sultanpur Lodhi Places
[edit]Source:[8]
Gurdwara Ber Sahib
[edit]
The Gurdwara Ber Sahib is situated at Sultanpur Lodhi, which is one of the four sub-divisions (Tehsil) of Kapurthala.[9] This historic site is of great importance to Sikhism as it is said to be the very place where the First Guru of Sikhs, Guru Nanak, spent 14 years (14 years 9 months 13 days) of his life . The place derives its name from a Ber tree (Ziziphus jujuba) said to be planted by Guru Nanak himself and under which he first uttered the Mool Mantra or the "Sacred Word or Revelation" of Sikhism.
The Gurdwara Bebe Nanaki Ji
[edit]The Gurdwara Bebe Nanaki Ji is situated in the Sultanpur Lodhi City of Kapurthala Distt. The Gurdwara Bebe Nanaki Ji comprises a central hall, with the Guru Granth Sahib seated in a white marble palaki at the far end. The Guru Granth Sahib is also seated in a small side room symbolizing Bebe Nanaki's own lodging. Over the sanctum, above the hall roof, is a square domed room with arched copings. Bulbous domes adorn the corners of the hall roof.
Gurudwara Shri Guru Ka Baag
[edit]Gurudwara Shri Guru Ka Baag is situated in the Sultanpur Lodhi city in Kapurthala Distt. Guru Nanak spent 14 years in Sultanpur Lodhi as a young man working for Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi. This was the house of Guru Nanak where his two sons Baba Sri Chand and Baba Lakhmi Chand were born. Guru Nanak tested his two sons, but neither proved worthy of being his successor. Baba Lakhmi Chand was too involved in worldly affairs while Baba Sri Chand chose the path of renunciation and became an aesthetic. Guru Sahib used to have Langar prepared by Bibi Nanaki ji. Well (Khooh) is also located here, from which water was used for Langar Preparation.
Gurudwara Sri Sant Ghat Sahib
[edit]Gurudwara Sri Sant Ghat Sahib is situated in the Sultanpur Lodhi town of Kapurthala district. It is situated on the bank of Bein river. From Ber sahib, Satguru nanak dev ji dived into Bein and disappeared. The big reason for this place to be named sant ghaat is that maharaaj guru nanak dev ji meditated here to the akaal purakh and went from here to serve the World.
Places in Phagwara
[edit]Gurdwara Sukhchainana Sahib
[edit]This place belongs to the 6th Master Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib ji, during his visit in Phagwara City. Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji came here after fighting with mughals and rested here under the tree.
Mansa devi mandir
[edit]The temple is a famous shrine and pilgrimage spot in the city it is situated at Hadiabad, Phagwara[10]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Kapurthala (1981–2010, extremes 1966–1996) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
43.0 (109.4) |
47.7 (117.9) |
47.3 (117.1) |
45.5 (113.9) |
41.2 (106.2) |
41.0 (105.8) |
38.1 (100.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
28.0 (82.4) |
47.7 (117.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
33.4 (92.1) |
38.4 (101.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
34.1 (93.4) |
31.3 (88.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
29.9 (85.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
1.8 (35.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 24.1 (0.95) |
32.8 (1.29) |
35.6 (1.40) |
23.3 (0.92) |
31.9 (1.26) |
29.3 (1.15) |
171.3 (6.74) |
148.6 (5.85) |
109.0 (4.29) |
12.1 (0.48) |
7.3 (0.29) |
12.0 (0.47) |
637.3 (25.09) |
| Average rainy days | 2.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 36.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 75 | 74 | 72 | 62 | 60 | 56 | 75 | 83 | 72 | 69 | 70 | 72 | 70 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[11][12] | |||||||||||||
Transport
[edit]The City of Kapurthala is well connected with the main transport routes of the Punjab and Northern India. It is situated 19 km away toward South-West of its closest neighbouring city of Jalandhar.[13]
Road
[edit]Kapurthala is connected to rest of state and India through National Highway 703A and Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg (NH 703AA).[14][15]
Railway
[edit]The Kapurthala railway station which is located on Jalandhar–Firozpur line connects it to all parts of India through two major railway junctions stations of Jalandhar and Firozpur.[16]
Air
[edit]The nearest airport to Kapurthala, Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is located at Amritsar, about 75 km away.[13]
Education
[edit]The main higher education institutions of Kapurthala are -
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University
- Lyallpur Khalsa College (Urban Estate) Kapurthala
- G.N.D.U Regional Campus, Fattudhinga, Sultanpur Lodhi, Kapurthala, established in 2013.
- College of Engineering and Management (CEM)
- SD Public School, Sheikhupur, Kapurthala
- NJSA Government College, established in 1856, popularly known as Randhir College, after its founder Randhir Singh of Kapurthala[17]
- Anand College of Engineering and Management (ACEM)
- Hindu Kanya College for women
- Bebe Nanaki University College Mithra
- Lord Krishna Polytechnic College (LKPC), Subhnapur road, Kapurthala
- Shaheed Udham Singh College of Technology, Subhanpur Road, Kapurthala.(SUS COLLEGE)
- Sardar swaran singh national institute of bio energy.
There are numerous primary and secondary schools in Kapurthala, notably -
- Anand Public Senior Secondary School
- Bawa Lalvani Public School
- Christ King Convent School, the only ICSE pattern based convent school in the city
- Dhilwan International Public School (DIPS)
- Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School Kapurthala (Ghanta Ghar School)
- J.K. Public Senior Secondary School (started by local personality Jhanda Mal Sharma)
- Kendriya Vidyalaya Kapurthala Cantt
- KR Jain DAV Public School
- MDSD Sr Sec School
- MGN Public School
- Onkar Public Senior Secondary School
- Prita Lee Lesson Senior Secondary School
- Sainik School
- Little Angels Co-Ed School
- Randhir School
- GTB International Sr. Sec. School
- Premjot Sr Sec Public School
- Cambridge International School
Culture and Films
[edit]- The film 'Tanu Weds Manu' (2011) had some scenes shot in Kapurthala city and Kala Sanghian.
- Kapurthala gives its name to the Kapurthala stomacher, a wedding gift from the Maharajah to Mary of Teck, the future Queen Mary, in 1893.[18]
- In the 2010 Pakistani drama Dastaan, a period drama that is set during the Partition of India, Kapurthala serves as the place where Bano, the main Muslim female character, is kept for nearly five years by a Sikh family.[citation needed]
Literature
[edit]- Kapurthala is the birthplace of the Urdu Poet, Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi.
Medical College
[edit]There is 5th Government Medical College (20 acres) under construction near Civil Hospital. The name of college is changed and new name is dedicated for 550th Birthday of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji. New name is Sri Guru Nanak Dev State Institute of Medical Sciences, Kapurthala; Kapurthala Medical College; Government Medical College, Kapurthala. This college is 2nd Doaba Region MBBS teaching college after PIMS Jalandhar. This college will teach students from 2022 to 2023.
References
[edit]- ^ "Kapurthala Web Portal". Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Top 10 Least Populated Cities of India - 2023". www.census2011.co.in.
- ^ "History - Kapurthala Web Portal". Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Hazrat Baba Haider Sheikh & Malerkotle Wale Pir". Sufi Post || The Relationship between Spirituality, Religion, and Culture. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
- ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ "Kapurthala City Population 2023 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population". www.census2011.co.in.
- ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389, India - C-01: Population by religious community, Punjab - 2011, Kapurthala (M Cl)
- ^ "Tourist Place | Kapurthala Web Portal | India".
- ^ ANI, PTI & (9 November 2019). "PM Modi pays obeisance at Ber Sahib Gurudwara in Punjab's Sultanpur Lodhi". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ "Places of Interest | Kapurthala Web Portal | India".
- ^ "Station: Kapurthala Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 389–390. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M170. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ a b "How to reach Kapurthala". Kapurthala district official website. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "Kapurthala-Taran Taran road declared as NH- 703 A A named as Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg". All India Radio (AIR). 17 October 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "NH No. 703AA in Punjab named as Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg". DD News. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "Time table of KAPURTHALA (KXH) railway station". Rail Drishti. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ "College of excellence, 150 years ago". The Tribune. 1 October 2006.
- ^ "Royal Collection". Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
External links
[edit]- Kapurthala Web Portal - kapurthala.gov.in
- Kapurthala, a City with a Royal Ambiance - www.kapurthalacity.com
- More Information about Kapurthala - www.kapurthalacity.info
- Information about Kapurthala city Archived 6 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine - www.kapurthalaonline.com
- Sights and street views of Kapurthala city (YouTube video - www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9o94z3D0Yk
- Information about Best College in Kapurthala - www.lkckpt.ac.in
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
