USS Bonita (SSK-3): Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Barracuda-class submarine of the US Navy}} |
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<table border=1 align="right" cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 width=300> |
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<tr><td colspan=2 align="center">''insert image here''<br>''insert caption here''<br>(''insert link to larger image here'')</td></tr> |
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<tr><th colspan=2 style="color: white; height: 30px; background: navy url(/upload/6/63/Usnjack.png) no-repeat scroll top left;">'''Career'''</th></tr> |
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<tr><td>Ordered:</td><td></td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Laid down:</td><td>[[19 May]] [[1950]]</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Launched:</td><td>[[21 June]] [[1951]]</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Commissioned:</td><td>[[11 January]] [[1952]]</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Fate:</td><td></td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Stricken:</td><td></td></tr> |
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<tr><th colspan=2 style="color: white; background: navy;">'''General Characteristics'''</th></tr> |
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<tr><td>Displacement:</td><td>765 tons surfaced, 1160 tons submerged</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Length:</td><td>196 feet 1 inches</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Beam:</td><td>24 feet 7 inches</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Draft:</td><td>14 feet 5 inches</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Speed:</td><td>13 knots surfaced, 6 knots submerged</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Depth:</td><td>400 feet</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Complement:</td><td>four officers and 33 men</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>Armament:</td><td>four 21-inch torpedo tubes</td></tr> |
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</table> |
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'''USS ''Bonita'' (SSK-3/SS-552)''', a [[Bass class submarine|''Bass''-class submarine]], was the fourth ship of the [[United States Navy]] to be named for the [[bonito]], any of several types of fish including the [[tunny]] (''Orcynus pelamys''), the [[skipjack]] (''Sarda Mediterranea''), the [[medregal]] (''Seriola fasciata''), or the [[cobia]] (''Elacate canada''). The original contract for construction of ''Bonita'' (SSK-3) was let to [[New York Shipbuilding]] Corporation of [[Camden, New Jersey]], but later transferred to [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]] of [[Vallejo, California]], where her keel was laid down on [[19 May]] [[1950]]. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] as ''K-3'' on [[21 June]] [[1951]] sponsored by Mrs. J.S. Clark, widow of Commander James Clark, and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on [[11 January]] [[1952]] with Lieutenant Commander Eric E. Hopley in command. |
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{{Other ships|USS Bonita}} |
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The three SSK boats, [[USS Barracuda (SSK-1)|''Barracuda'' (SSK-1)]], [[USS Bass (SSK-2)|''Bass'' (SSK-2)]], and ''Bonita'' (SSK-3), were built around the large BQR-4 bow-mounted [[sonar]] array as part of [[Project Kayo]], which experimented the use of passive acoustics with low-frequency, bow sonar arrays. When the boat was rigged for silent running, these arrays gave greatly-improved convergence zone detection ranges against snorkeling submarines. The SSKs themselves were limited in their anti-submarine warfare abilities by their low speed and their need to snorkel periodically, but the advances in sonar technology they pioneered were invaluable to later nuclear-powered submarines. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}} |
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{|{{Infobox ship begin}} |
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''K-3'' joined Submarine Squadron 7 at [[Pearl Harbor]] on [[15 May]] [[1952]] and performed experimental and normal submarine duties, making a cruise to [[Alaska]]n waters in August and September [[1956]]. She was renamed ''Bonita'' [[15 December]] [[1955]], decommissioned on [[7 November]] [[1958]], and given [[hull classification symbol]] SS-552 on [[15 August]] [[1959]]. |
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{{Infobox ship image |
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|Ship image=USS Bonita (SSK-3).jpg |
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|Ship caption=''Bonita'' with the characteristic bulky sonar dome at her bow ([[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]]) |
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}} |
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{{Infobox ship career |
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|Hide header= |
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|Ship country=[[United States]] |
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|Ship flag={{USN flag|1958}} |
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|Ship name=USS ''Bonita'' |
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|Ship namesake= the [[bonito]], a name applied to various types of fish |
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|Ship ordered= |
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|Ship builder=[[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]]<ref name="Register">{{Citation |
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| last1 = Bauer |
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| first1 = K. Jack |
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| last2 = Roberts |
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| first2 = Stephen S. |
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| title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants |
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| place = Westport, CT |
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| publisher = Greenwood Press |
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| year = 1991 |
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| page = 284 |
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| isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}</ref> |
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|Ship laid down=19 May 1950<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship launched=21 June 1951<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship sponsor= |
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|Ship acquired= |
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|Ship commissioned=11 January 1952<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship decommissioned=7 November 1958 |
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|Ship in service= |
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|Ship out of service= |
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|Ship struck=1 April 1965<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship reinstated= |
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|Ship fate=Sold for scrap, 17 November 1966<ref name="Register"/> |
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}} |
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{{Infobox ship characteristics |
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|Hide header= |
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|Header caption= |
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|Ship class=[[United States Barracuda-class submarine (1951)|''Barracuda''-class]] [[diesel-electric]] [[Hunter-killer submarine]] |
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|Ship displacement=*765 [[long ton|tons]] (777 [[tonne|t]]) surfaced |
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*1,160 tons (1179 t) submerged |
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|Ship length={{convert|196|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}} overall<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship beam={{convert|24|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship draft={{convert|14|ft|5|in|m|abbr=on}} mean<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship propulsion=*3 × [[General Motors]] 8-268A [[diesel engines]], total {{convert|1050|shp|abbr=on}} |
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*2 × [[General Electric]] [[electric motor]]s |
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*1 × 126-[[Electrochemical cell|cell]] [[battery (electricity)|battery]] |
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*2 shafts<ref name="Friedman-SSK1">{{cite book |
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| last = Friedman |
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| first = Norman |
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| title = U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History |
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| publisher = [[United States Naval Institute]] |
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| year = 1994 |
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| location = [[Annapolis, Maryland]] |
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| pages = 75–82, 241–242 |
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| isbn = 1-55750-260-9 }}</ref> |
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|Ship speed=*13 [[knot (unit)|knot]]s (24 km/h) surfaced |
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*8.5 knots (16 km/h) submerged<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship range={{convert|9000|nmi|km|lk=in}}<ref>Friedman, p. 77</ref> |
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|Ship endurance= |
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|Ship test depth={{convert|400|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship complement=37 officers and men<ref name="Register"/> |
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|Ship sensors= |
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|Ship EW= |
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|Ship armament=4 × [[American 21-inch torpedo|21-inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s |
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|Ship notes= |
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}} |
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|} |
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'''USS ''Bonita'' (SSK-3/SS-552)''', a [[United States Barracuda-class submarine (1951)|''Barracuda''-class]] [[submarine]], was the fourth ship of the [[United States Navy]] to be named for the [[bonito]], a name applied to several types of fish, including the [[skipjack tuna]], (''Katsuwonus pelamis''), the [[Atlantic bonito]] (''Sarda sarda''), the [[lesser amberjack]] (''Seriola fasciata''), or the [[cobia]] (''Rachycentron canadum''). She was originally named '''USS ''K-3'' (SSK-3)'''. |
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See [[USS Bonita|USS ''Bonita'']] for other ships of the same name. |
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The original contract for construction of ''K-3'' (SSK-3) was awarded to [[New York Shipbuilding Corporation]] of [[Camden, New Jersey]], but later transferred to [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]] of [[Vallejo, California]], where her keel was laid down on 19 May 1950. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] as ''K-3'' on 21 June 1951, sponsored by Mrs. J.S. Clark, widow of Commander James S. Clark (who died while commanding {{USS|Golet|SS-361}}), and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 11 January 1952. |
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The three SSK boats, {{USS|K-1|SSK-1|3}}, {{USS|K-2|SSK-2|3}}, and ''K-3'' (SSK-3), were equipped with the large BQR-4 bow-mounted [[sonar]] array as part of [[Project Kayo]], which experimented with the use of passive acoustics with low-frequency, bow-mounted sonar arrays. When the boat was rigged for [[Silent running (submarine)|silent running]], these arrays gave greatly improved convergence zone detection ranges against snorkeling submarines. The SSKs themselves were limited in their [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) abilities by their low speed and their need to snorkel periodically to recharge their batteries, but the advances in sonar technology they pioneered were invaluable to the development of [[Nuclear submarine|nuclear-powered submarines]]. The class was developed as mobilization prototypes should large numbers of [[Soviet Navy|Soviet]] submarines based on the [[Type XXI submarine|Type XXI U-boat]] appear. |
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==Service history== |
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''K-3'' joined [[Submarine Squadron 7]] at [[Pearl Harbor]] on 15 May 1952 and performed experimental submarine duties, notably development of ASW tactics. In February 1955 she entered [[Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard]] for overhaul, emerging in September. She was renamed ''Bonita'' 15 December 1955. She made a cruise to [[Alaska]]n waters in August and September 1956. |
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In June 1957 she was reassigned to [[Submarine Squadron 5]] at [[San Diego]], California, for ASW training duties. In October she reported to [[San Francisco Naval Shipyard]] for overhaul and the installation of new electronics, returning to San Diego in January 1958. |
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In 1958, the Soviet threat changed from conventional to nuclear-powered submarines, and the SSK force was withdrawn from the SSK role. In April–June 1958 ''Bonita'' was used as a [[nuclear weapons testing]] target at [[Eniwetok]] in the South Pacific, part of [[Operation Hardtack I]]. Fortunately, this was designed as shock testing rather than destructive testing, and damage was light except to electronics.<ref>[http://navsource.org/archives/08/pdf/0855204a.pdf Firsthand account of nuclear testing by a ''Bonita'' crew member]</ref> |
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==Fate== |
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She was decommissioned on 7 November 1958, and given [[hull classification symbol]] SS-552 on 15 August 1959. |
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She was struck from the Naval Register on 1 April 1965, and sold for scrap on 17 November 1966. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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This article includes information collected from the ''[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]]''. |
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* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/08/08552.htm Photo gallery of USS ''Bonita'' at NavSource.org] |
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* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/b/bonita-iv.html}} |
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== External links == |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=8NsDAAAAMBAJ&dq=1954+Popular+Mechanics+January&pg=cover "Cover Artwork of SSK-3"] ''Popular Mechanics'', August 1953. |
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{{Barracuda class submarine}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonita (SSK-3)}} |
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[[Category:United States Barracuda-class submarines (1951)]] |
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[[Category:Cold War submarines of the United States]] |
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[[Category:Ships built in Vallejo, California]] |
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[[Category:1951 ships]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:42, 27 April 2023
.jpg) Bonita with the characteristic bulky sonar dome at her bow (Mare Island Naval Shipyard)
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | USS Bonita |
| Namesake | the bonito, a name applied to various types of fish |
| Builder | Mare Island Naval Shipyard[1] |
| Laid down | 19 May 1950[1] |
| Launched | 21 June 1951[1] |
| Commissioned | 11 January 1952[1] |
| Decommissioned | 7 November 1958 |
| Stricken | 1 April 1965[1] |
| Fate | Sold for scrap, 17 November 1966[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Barracuda-class diesel-electric Hunter-killer submarine |
| Displacement | |
| Length | 196 ft 1 in (59.77 m) overall[1] |
| Beam | 24 ft 7 in (7.49 m)[1] |
| Draft | 14 ft 5 in (4.39 m) mean[1] |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | |
| Range | 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km)[3] |
| Test depth | 400 ft (120 m)[1] |
| Complement | 37 officers and men[1] |
| Armament | 4 × 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes |
USS Bonita (SSK-3/SS-552), a Barracuda-class submarine, was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the bonito, a name applied to several types of fish, including the skipjack tuna, (Katsuwonus pelamis), the Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda), the lesser amberjack (Seriola fasciata), or the cobia (Rachycentron canadum). She was originally named USS K-3 (SSK-3).
The original contract for construction of K-3 (SSK-3) was awarded to New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden, New Jersey, but later transferred to Mare Island Naval Shipyard of Vallejo, California, where her keel was laid down on 19 May 1950. She was launched as K-3 on 21 June 1951, sponsored by Mrs. J.S. Clark, widow of Commander James S. Clark (who died while commanding USS Golet (SS-361)), and commissioned on 11 January 1952.
The three SSK boats, K-1 (SSK-1), K-2 (SSK-2), and K-3 (SSK-3), were equipped with the large BQR-4 bow-mounted sonar array as part of Project Kayo, which experimented with the use of passive acoustics with low-frequency, bow-mounted sonar arrays. When the boat was rigged for silent running, these arrays gave greatly improved convergence zone detection ranges against snorkeling submarines. The SSKs themselves were limited in their anti-submarine warfare (ASW) abilities by their low speed and their need to snorkel periodically to recharge their batteries, but the advances in sonar technology they pioneered were invaluable to the development of nuclear-powered submarines. The class was developed as mobilization prototypes should large numbers of Soviet submarines based on the Type XXI U-boat appear.
Service history
[edit]K-3 joined Submarine Squadron 7 at Pearl Harbor on 15 May 1952 and performed experimental submarine duties, notably development of ASW tactics. In February 1955 she entered Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard for overhaul, emerging in September. She was renamed Bonita 15 December 1955. She made a cruise to Alaskan waters in August and September 1956.
In June 1957 she was reassigned to Submarine Squadron 5 at San Diego, California, for ASW training duties. In October she reported to San Francisco Naval Shipyard for overhaul and the installation of new electronics, returning to San Diego in January 1958.
In 1958, the Soviet threat changed from conventional to nuclear-powered submarines, and the SSK force was withdrawn from the SSK role. In April–June 1958 Bonita was used as a nuclear weapons testing target at Eniwetok in the South Pacific, part of Operation Hardtack I. Fortunately, this was designed as shock testing rather than destructive testing, and damage was light except to electronics.[4]
Fate
[edit]She was decommissioned on 7 November 1958, and given hull classification symbol SS-552 on 15 August 1959. She was struck from the Naval Register on 1 April 1965, and sold for scrap on 17 November 1966.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991), Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, p. 284, ISBN 0-313-26202-0
- ^ Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 75–82, 241–242. ISBN 1-55750-260-9.
- ^ Friedman, p. 77
- ^ Firsthand account of nuclear testing by a Bonita crew member
- Photo gallery of USS Bonita at NavSource.org
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
External links
[edit]- "Cover Artwork of SSK-3" Popular Mechanics, August 1953.