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#REDIRECT [[Amateur radio satellite]]
{{otheruses|Oscar}}

'''OSCAR''' is an [[acronym]] for '''Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio'''.

[[Image:OSCAR 1.jpg|right|thumb|200px|OSCAR 1]]
OSCAR series [[satellite]]s use [[amateur radio]] [[frequency|frequencies]] to communicate with earth. They are conceived, designed, and built by [[amateur radio operator]]s under the general direction of national organisations such as [[AMSAT]].

==The beginning==
The first amateur satellite simply named [[OSCAR-1]] , was launched on [[December 12]], [[1961]], barely four years after the launch of world's first satellite, [[Sputnik 1|Sputnik]]. OSCAR-1 was the very first satellite to be ejected as a secondary payload and subsequently enter a separate orbit. Despite being in orbit only 22 days OSCAR-1 was an immediate success with over 570 [[amateur radio operator]]s in 28 countries forwarding observations to Project OSCAR. Throughout the years OSCAR satellites have helped make significant breakthroughs in the science of satellite communications. A few advancements include the launch of the very first satellite voice [[transponders]] and the development of highly advanced [[digital]] [[Store and forward|"store-and-forward"]] messaging transponder techniques. To-date over 70 OSCAR's have been launched with more to be launched in the near future.

==OSCAR Satellite Communications==

Currently OSCAR [[satellite]]s support many different types of operation including [[FM]] voice, [[SSB]] voice, as well as digital communications of [[AX.25]] [[FSK]] ([[Packet radio]]) and [[PSK31|PSK-31]].

===Mode Designators===
:Historically OSCAR [[uplink]] (transmit to) and [[downlink]] (receive from) frequencies were designated using single letter codes.
::*Mode A [[10 meters]]/[[2 meters]]
::*Mode B [[2 meters]]/[[70 cm]]
::*Mode J [[70 cm]]/[[2 meters]]

:New [[uplink]] and [[downlink]] designations use sets of paired letters following the structure '''X/Y''' where '''X''' is the [[uplink]] band and '''Y''' is the [[downlink]] band.

::{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Designator
|<center>'''H'''</center>
|<center>'''A'''</center>
|<center>'''V'''</center>
|<center>'''U'''</center>
|<center>'''L'''</center>
|<center>'''S'''</center>
|<center>'''S2'''</center>
|<center>'''C'''</center>
|<center>'''X'''</center>
|<center>'''K'''</center>
|<center>'''R'''</center>
|-
!Band
|[[15 meters|15 m]]
|[[10 meters|10 m]]
|[[2 meters|2 m]]
|[[70 centimeters|70 cm]]
|[[23 centimeters|23 cm]]
|[[13 centimeters|13 cm]]
|[[9 centimeters|9 cm]]
|[[5 centimeters|5 cm]]
|[[3 centimeters|3 cm]]
|[[1.2 centimeters|1.2 cm]]
|[[6 millimeters|6 mm]]
|-
!Frequency<br>(General)
|21 MHz
|29 MHz
|145 MHz
|435 MHz
|1.2 GHz
|2.4 GHz
|3.4 GHz
|5 GHz
|10 GHz
|24 GHz
|47 GHz
|-
|}

===Doppler shift===
Due to the high orbital speed of OSCAR satellites, the [[uplink]] and [[downlink]] [[frequencies]] will vary during the course of a satellite pass. This phenomenon is known as the [[Doppler effect]]. While the [[satellite]] is moving towards the ground station, the downlink frequency will appear to be ''higher'' than normal and therefore, the receiver frequency at the ground station must be adjusted ''higher'' in order to continue receiving the [[satellite]]. The satellite in turn, will be receiving the uplink signal at a ''higher'' frequency than normal so the ground station's transmitted uplink frequency must be ''lower'' in order to be received by the satellite. After the satellite passes overhead and begins to move away, this process reverses itself. The downlink frequency will appear ''lower'' and the uplink frequency will need to be adjusted ''higher''. The following mathematical formulas relate the doppler shift to the [[velocity]] of the satellite.

{|
!Where:
|-
|<math>f_d</math>||width="40"| = || doppler corrected downlink frequency
|-
|<math>f_u</math>|| = || doppler corrected uplink frequency
|-
|<math>f</math>|| = || original frequency
|-
|<math>v</math>|| = || velocity of the satellite relative to ground station in [[m]]/[[s]].<br>Positive when moving towards, negative when moving away.
|-
|<math>C</math>|| = || the speed of light in a vacuum (<math>3x10^8</math>&nbsp; [[m]]/[[s]]).
|-
|}

{|
!Change in frequency||Downlink Correction||Uplink Correction
|-
|width="40%"|<center><math>\Delta f=\frac{fv}{C}</math></center>||width="40%"|<center><math>f_d=f+\frac{fv}{C}</math></center> ||width="40%|<center><math>f_u=f-\frac{fv}{C}</math></center>
|}

Due to the complexity of finding the [[relative velocity]] of the satellite and the speed with which these corrections must be made, these calculations are normally accomplished using satellite tracking [[software]]. Many modern [[transceiver]]s include a [[computer interface]] that allows for [[automatic]] [[doppler correction]]. Manual doppler correction is possible, however it is difficult to remain exactly on frequency. [[FM]] is more tolerant of doppler shift than [[SSB]] and therefore much easier to tune manually.

==Satellites previously launched==
The names of the satellites below are sorted in [[chronological]] order by launch date, acsending. The status column denotes the current operational status of the satellite. <font color="green">'''Green'''</font> signifies that the satellite is currently operational, <font color="#f88017">'''orange'''</font> indicates that the satellite is partially operational or failing. <font color="red"> '''Red'''</font> indicates that the satellite is non operational and <font color="black"> '''black'''</font> indicates that the satellite has re-entered the earth's atmosphere. The ''country'' listing denotes the country that constructed the satellite and not the launching country.
:{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Name ([[List of acronyms and initialisms: A#AK|a.k.a]])
!Status
!&nbsp;Launched&nbsp;
!Country
|-
|[[OSCAR 1|OSCAR]] (OSCAR 1)
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[1961]]-[[12-12]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[OSCAR 2|OSCAR II]] (OSCAR 2)
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[1962]]-[[06-02]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[OSCAR 3|OSCAR III]] (OSCAR 3, EGRS-3)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1965]]-[[03-09]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[OSCAR 4|OSCAR IV]] (OSCAR 4)
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[1965]]-[[12-21]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Australis-OSCAR 5]] (OSCAR 5, AO-5, AO-A)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1970]]-[[01-23]]
|[[Australia]]
|-
|[[AMSAT-OSCAR 6]] (OSCAR 6, AO-6, AO-C, P2A)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1972]]-[[10-15]]
|[[USA]]

|-
|[[AMSAT-OSCAR 7]] (OSCAR 7, AO-7, AO-B, P2B)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[1974]]-[[11-15]]
|[[USA]] / [[Spain]]
|-
|[[AMSAT-OSCAR 8]] (OSCAR 8, AO-8, AO-D, P2D)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1978]]-[[03-05]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[UoSat-OSCAR 9]] (UOSAT 1, UO-9)
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[1981]]-[[10-06]]
|[[UK]]
|-
|[[AMSAT-OSCAR 10]] (Phase 3B, P3B)
|bgcolor="orange"|&nbsp;
|[[1983]]-[[06-16]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[UO-11|UoSat-OSCAR 11]] (UoSat-2, UO-11, UoSAT-B)
|bgcolor="orange"|&nbsp;
|[[1984]]-[[03-01]]
|[[UK]]
|-
|[[Fuji-OSCAR 12]] (JAS 1, FO-12)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1986]]-[[08-13]]
|[[Japan]]
|-
|[[AMSAT-OSCAR 13]] (Phase 3C, AO-13, P3C)
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[1988]]-[[06-15]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[UOSAT-OSCAR 14]] (UoSAT-3, UO-14 UoSAT-D)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1990]]-[[01-21]]
|[[UK]]
|-
|[[UOSAT-OSCAR 15]] (UoSAT-4, UO-15, UoSAT-E)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1990]]-[[01-22]]
|[[UK]]
|-
|[[AMSAT-OSCAR 16]] (Pacsat, AO-16, Microsat-1)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[1990]]-[[01-22]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Dove-OSCAR 17]] (Dove, DO-17, Microsat-2)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1990]]-[[01-22]]
|[[Brazil]]
|-
|[[Weber-OSCAR 18]] (WeberSAT, WO-18, Microsat-3)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1990]]-[[01-22]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[LUSAT-OSCAR 19]] (LUSAT, LO-4, Microsat-4)
|bgcolor="orange"|&nbsp;
|[[1990]]-[[01-22]]
|[[Argentina]]
|-
|[[Fuji-OSCAR 20]] (JAS 1B, FO-20, Fuji-1B)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1990]]-[[02-07]]
|[[Japan]]
|-
|[[AMSAT-OSCAR 21]] (RS-14, AO-21, Informator-1)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1991]]-[[01-29]]
|[[Russia]]
|-
|[[Radio Sputnik 12]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1991]]-[[02-05]]
|[[Russia]]
|-
|[[Radio Sputnik 13]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1991]]-[[02-05]]
|[[Russia]]

|-
|[[UoSat-OSCAR 22]] (UOSAT 5, UO-22 UoSAT-F)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1991]]-[[07-17]]
|[[UK]]
|-
|[[KitSAT-OSCAR 23]] (KITSAT 1, KO-23, Uribyol-1)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1992]]-[[08-10]]
|[[Korea]]
|-
|[[Arasene-OSCAR 24]] (Arasene, AO-24)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1993]]-[[05-12]]
|[[France]]
|-
|[[AMRAD-OSCAR 27]] (EYESAT-1, AO-27)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[1993]]-[[09-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[KitSAT-OSCAR 25]] (KITSAT B, KO-25, Kitsat-2, Uribyol-2)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1993]]-[[09-26]]
|[[Korea]]
|-
|[[POSAT-OSCAR 28]] (POSAT, Posat-1)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[1993]]-[[09-26]]
|[[Portugal]]
|-
|[[Italy-OSCAR 26]] (ITAMSAT, IO-26)
|bgcolor="orange"|&nbsp;
|[[1993]]-[[09-26]]
|[[Italy]]
|-
|[[Radio Sputnik 15]] (RadioSkaf-15, RS-15, Radio-ROSTO)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1994]]-[[12-26]]
|[[Russia]]
|-
|[[Fuji-OSCAR 29]] (JAS 2, FO-29, Fuji-2)
|bgcolor="orange"|&nbsp;
|[[1996]]-[[08-17]]
|[[Japan]]
|-
|[[Mexico-OSCAR 30]] (UNAMSAT-2, MO-30, Unamsat-B, Kosmos-2334)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1996]]-[[09-05]]
|[[Mexico]]/[[Russia]]
|-
|[[Gurwin-OSCAR 32]] (GO-32, Gurwin-1b, Techsat-1b)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[1998]]-[[07-10]]
|[[Israel]]
|-
|[[Thai-Microsatellite-OSCAR 31]] (TMSAT-1, TO-31)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1998]]-[[07-10]]
|[[Thailand]]
|-
|[[SEDSat-OSCAR 33]] (SEDSat, SO-33, SEDsat-1)
|bgcolor="orange"|&nbsp;
|[[1998]]-[[10-24]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Pansat-OSCAR 34]] (PAN SAT, PO-34)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[1998]]-[[10-30]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[ARISS]] (ARISS)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|
|International
|-
|[[ASU-OSCAR 37]] (AO-37, ASUsat-1, ASUSAT)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2000]]-[[01-27]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[OPAL-OSCAR 38]] (OO-38, StenSat, OPAL)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2000]]-[[01-27]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Weber-OSCAR 39]] (WO-39, JAWSAT)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2000]]-[[01-27]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Saudi-OSCAR 41]] (SO-41, Saudisat 1A)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2000]]-[[01-27]]
|[[Saudi Arabia]]
|-
|[[Malaysian-OSCAR 46]] (MO-46, TIUNGSAT-1)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2000]]-[[09-26]]
|[[Malaysia]]
|-
|[[Saudi-OSCAR 42]] (SO-42, Saudisat 1B)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2000]]-[[09-26]]
|[[Saudi Arabia]]
|-
|[[AO-40|AMSAT-OSCAR 40]] (AO-40, Phase 3D, P3D)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2000]]-[[11-16]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Navy-OSCAR 44]] (NO-44, PCSat)
|bgcolor="orange"|&nbsp;
|[[2001]]-[[09-30]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Starshine-OSCAR 43]] (SO-43, Starshine 3)
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[2001]]-[[09-30]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Navy-OSCAR 45]] (NO-45, Sapphire)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2001]]-[[09-30]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[BreizhSAT-OSCAR 47]] (BO-47, IDEFIX CU1)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2002]]-[[05-04]]
|[[France]]
|-
|[[BreizhSAT-OSCAR 48]] (BO-48, IDEFIX CU2)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2002]]-[[05-04]]
|[[France]]
|-
|[[Saudi-OSCAR 50]] (SO-50, Saudisat-1C)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2002]]-[[12-20]]
|[[Saudi Arabia]]
|-
|[[AATiS-OSCAR 49]] (AO-49, Safir-M, RUBIN 2)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2002]]-[[12-20]]
|[[Germany]]
|-
|[[CubeSat-OSCAR 55]] (Cute-1)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2003]]-[[06-30]]
|[[Japan]]
|-
|[[CubeSat-OSCAR 57]] (CubeSat-XI-IV)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2003]]-[[06-30]]
|[[Japan]]
|-
|[[CanX-1]]
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[2003]]-[[06-30]]
|[[Canada]]
|-
|[[DTUSat]]
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[2003]]-[[06-30]]
|[[Denmark]]
|-
|[[AAU Cubesat]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2003]]-[[06-30]]
|[[Denmark]]
|-
|[[AO-51|AMSAT-OSCAR 51]] (Echo)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2004]]-[[06-28]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[RS-22]] (Mozhayets 4)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2004]]-[[09-27]]
|[[Russia]]
|-
|[[VUSat-OSCAR 52]] (Hamsat, VUSat)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2005]]-[[05-05]]
|[[India]] / [[Netherlands]]
|-
|[[PCSat2]] (PCSAT2)
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[2005]]-[[08-03]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[Suitsat|AMSAT-OSCAR 54]] (AO-54, SuitSat, Radioskaf)
|bgcolor="black"|&nbsp;
|[[2005]]-[[09-08]]
|International
|-
|[[eXpress-OSCAR 53]] (XO-53, SSETI Express)
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2005]]-[[10-27]]
|[[ESA]]
|-
|[[CubeSat-OSCAR 58]] (CO-58, Cubesat XI-V)
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2005]]-[[10-27]]
|[[Japan]]
|-
|[[UWE-1]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2005]]-[[10-27]]
|[[Germany]]
|-
|[[NCube-2]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2005]]-[[10-27]]
|[[Norway]]
|-
|[[CubeSat-OSCAR 56]] (CO-56, Cute-1.7)
|bgcolor="orange"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[02-21]]
|[[Japan]]
|-
|[[K7RR-Sat]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[CP2]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[HAUSAT 1]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[South Korea]]
|-
|[[ICE Cube 1]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[ICE Cube 2]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[ION (satellite)|ION]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[KUTESat]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[MEROPE]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[nCUBE 1]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|-
|[[RINCON]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[SACRED]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[SEEDS (satellite)|SEEDS]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[Japan]]
|-
|[[Voyager (communications satellite)|Voyager]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[PicPot]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[07-26]]
|[[Italy]]
|-
|[[Libertad-1]]
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[09-15]]
|[[Colombia]]
|-
|[[CAPE-1]]
|bgcolor="red"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[09-15]]
|[[USA]]
|-
|[[CP3]]
|bgcolor="green"|&nbsp;
|[[2006]]-[[09-30]]
|[[USA]]
|}

''List current as of [[2006]]-[[10-14]]''

==Multinational effort==
Currently 21 countries have launched an OSCAR satellite. These countries, in chronological order by date of launch, include: The [[United States of America]], [[Australia]], [[Spain]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Japan]], [[Brazil]], [[Argentina]], [[Russia]], [[France]], [[Portugal]], [[Korea]], [[Italy]], [[Mexico]], [[Israel]], [[Thailand]], [[South Africa]], [[Malaysia]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Germany]], [[India]], & [[Colombia]].

==Satellites in development==

*'''[[BLUEsat]]''' - A [[Miniaturized_satellite#Microsatellite|microsatellite]] built by the students of [[University Of New South Wales|The University of New South Wales]]. Unknown launch date.

*'''[[Satellite prism|Prism]]''' - A [[Miniaturized_satellite#Nanosatellite|nanosatellite]] built by the [[University of Tokyo]]. Unknown launch date.

*'''[[ZSAT]]''' - A [[Miniaturized_satellite#Microsatellite|microsatellite]] initiated and funded by the [[U.S.]] [[Department of Science and Technology]]. Unknown launch date.

*'''[[ALMASat]]''' - A [[Miniaturized_satellite#Microsatellite|microsatellite]] built by the [[University of Bologna]] in [[Forlì]]. Unknown launch date.

*'''[[AMSAT-Phase 3E]]''' - A [[satellite]] built by [[AMSAT]]. Scheduled to launch on [[March 12]] 2007

*'''[[KiwiSAT]]''' - A [[Miniaturized_satellite#Microsatellite|microsatellite]] built by [[AMSAT-ZL]]. Scheduled to launch on [[June 15]] 2008

*'''[[ESEO]]''' - A [[Miniaturized_satellite#Microsatellite|microsatellite]] built by [[SSETI]]. Scheduled to launch [[October 30]] 2008.

*'''[[AMSAT-Eagle]]''' - A [[satellite]] built by [[AMSAT]]. Scheduled to launch [[March 1]] 2009.

==Trivia==
[[SuitSat]], an obsolete Russian space suit with a transmitter aboard, is officially known as OSCAR 54. In a twist of fate, "Oscar" was the name given to an obsolete space suit by its young owner in the book "Have Space Suit, Will Travel," by Robert A Heinlein. This book was originally published a year after the launch of the first artificial satellite (Sputnik).

==References==
*{{cite web
| url = http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/AboutAmsat/amsat_history.php
| title = Space Satellites from the World's Garage -- The Story of AMSAT
| accessdate = 2006-09-05
| publisher = The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation
}}

*{{cite web
| url = http://www.spacetoday.org/Satellites/Hamsats/HamsatsBasics.html
| title = The Extraordinary History of Amateur Radio Satellites
| accessdate = 2006-09-05
| publisher = Space Today Online
}}

*{{cite web
| url = http://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/n7hpr/history.html
| title = A Brief History of Amateur Satellites
| accessdate = 2006-09-05
| publisher = N7HPR
}}

*{{cite web
| url = http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/satellites/futures.php
| title = Satellite Development Programs
| accessdate = 2006-09-05
| publisher = The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation
}}

*{{cite web
| url = http://www.cira.colostate.edu/ramm/hillger/amateur.htm
| title = Amateur (ham) Radio Satellites
| accessdate = 2006-09-07
| publisher = Colorado State University
}}

==External links==
*[http://www.amsat.org AMSAT Corporation] a nonprofit corporation that coordinates construction and launch of the satellites
*[http://www.projectoscar.net/ Project OSCAR] organization that built "OSCAR-1"
*[http://science.nasa.gov/realtime/jtrack/Amateur.html NASA J-Track Amateur] Track amateur satellites in real-time
*[http://www.sstl.co.uk SSTL ]Builders and operators of the UoSat series satellites

[[Category:Amateur radio satellites|*]]

[[de:OSCAR]]
[[he:OSCAR]]
[[ja:アマチュア衛星]]
[[pl:OSCAR]]

Latest revision as of 23:37, 18 August 2015

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