Flying Pigeon: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Chinese publicly owned bicycle company}}{{distinguish|pigeon flying}}{{Citations needed|date=August 2023}}{{Infobox company |
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| name = Flying Pigeon Bicycle Co., LTD. |
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[[Image:FlyingPigeonLogo.gif|right]]'''Flying Pigeon''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 飞鸽) is a [[China|Chinese]] [[bicycle]] company based in [[Tianjin]]. Flying Pigeon bicycles have a long history. In 1936, a Japanese businessman built a factory in Tianjin which was named “Changho Works” and started to make “Anchor” bicycles. The brand name was changed to “Victory”, and then renamed to “Zhongzi”. After the Communists led by Mao Zedong came to power in 1949, the bicycle industry was revived. In April 1949, Chairman Mao's heir apparent, vice president Liu Shaoqi paid a visit to the factory and commanded that it become the first bicycle manufacturer in New China. Their workers were aimed to build a generation of strong, durable, light and beautiful bicycle for New China. On July 5th, 1950, the first Flying Pigeon bicycle was produced. It was the brainchild of a worker named Huo Baoji. He based his classic model on the 1932 English Raleigh roadster. The name chosen to represent the most prominent bicycle trademark was an expression for peace amidst the raging war in Korea. The logo is a stylised bird which represents concord and harmony, resting on the initials FP. |
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| logo = Tianjin Flying Pigeon Cycle Manufacture Co.png |
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| logo_size = |
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== Flying Pigeon: China's bicycle since 1950 == |
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| logo_caption = |
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| type = [[State ownership|State-owned]] bicycle company |
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| fate = |
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| predecessor = |
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| successor = |
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| foundation = {{start date and age|1936}} |
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| founder = |
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| defunct = |
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| location_city = [[Tianjin]] |
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| location_country = China |
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| location = |
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| key_people = |
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| industry = [[Bicycles]] |
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| products = |
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| homepage = {{URL|flyingpigeon-bicycle.com}} |
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}} |
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'''Flying Pigeon''' ({{zh|s=飞鸽 |t=飛鴿 |p=fēigē}}) is a Chinese [[State ownership|publicly owned]] [[bicycle]] company based in [[Tianjin]]. |
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The Flying Pigeon is the bike that has pushed forward not only billions of people, but also history itself. It is at the forefront of the whole bicycle phenomenon in the People’s Republic of China. |
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[[File:Flying Pigeon headbadge.png|thumb|Flying Pigeon's stylized bird [[head badge]].]] |
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In 1950 revolutionary China was a tightly controlled and regimented society. Political beliefs, education, where people lived, what jobs they held and the amounts of goods produced by factories and farms were all centrally planned. The two-wheeled vehicle was the approved form of transport, and the nation became ''zixingche da guo'', the Kingdom of Bicycles. A bicycle was one of the three "must-haves“ of every citizen, alongside a sewing machine and watch - essential items in life that also offered a hint of wealth in those dour times. |
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In Maoist China, the famed Flying Pigeon bicycle was a symbol of an egalitarian social system that promised little comfort but a reliable ride through life. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s the logo became synonymous with almost all bicycles in the country. The Flying Pigeon was the single most popular mechanized vehicle on the planet, becoming so ubiquitous that Deng Xiaoping - the post-Mao leader who launched China's economic reforms in the 1970s - defined prosperity as "a Flying Pigeon in every household”. |
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In the early 1980s, Flying Pigeon was the country's biggest bike builder, and its 20-kilo black one-speed models were the pride of hero workers nationwide. There was a multiyear waiting list to get one, and even then you needed good guanxi, or connections - not to mention about four months' wages for most workers. Nowadays, of all the bicycle logos in China today, the silhouette of a pigeon resting on the two letters FP is probably the best-known. Flying Pigeon has become one of China's most storied brands and the most popular and influential bicycle in the world. |
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Since 1950, more than 500 million [[Flying Pigeon PA-02]] bicycles have been made, and as of 2007, more than any other model of vehicle.<ref name=Koeppel2007>{{Citation |title= Flight of the Pigeon |last= Koeppel |first= Dan |magazine= [[Bicycling (magazine)|Bicycling]] |date= January–February 2007 |volume= 48 |issue= 1 |issn=0006-2073 |publisher= [[Rodale, Inc.]] |pages= 60–66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60 |accessdate= 2012-01-28 }}</ref><ref name=Newson2013>{{Citation |title= Fifty Bicycles That Changed the World: Design Museum Fifty |first= Alex |last= Newson |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FsI4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT40 |publisher=[[Octopus Books]] |year= 2013 |page= 40 |isbn= 9781840916508 }}</ref> |
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==Company== |
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The Flying Pigeon's current building was built in 1998. It employs 600 workers who produce the bikes, using modern automated equipment.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} Flying Pigeon now makes 40 models of bicycles, most of which look like contemporary mountain or city bikes, in dozens of colors. The frames are welded piecemeal; wheels are built on an assembly line, with spokes first laced to hubs, then threaded to rims. Workers hand-spray rough welds with coatings of enamel; the bikes move on conveyors similar those of a dry cleaner's. |
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[[Image:Flyingpigeonnyc.AD.jpg|left|thumb]] |
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==History== |
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Despite declining domestic sales, the Flying Pigeon remains China's bike, if only because much of the brand's old rolling stock is still in service. The government estimates that a half-billion bikes are in use throughout China, many handed down through generations. The Pigeon is one of the few nostalgia-inducing artifacts of China's postrevolutionary era, which was darkened by the [[Cultural Revolution]] and intense poverty. In 1994, the government named it a "national key [[trademark]] brand under protection," enshrining it similarly to [[national treasure]]s. <ref>[http://www.bicycling.com/article/1,6610,s1-3-12-15416-1,00.html Flight Of The Pigeon - bicycling.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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In 1936, a Japanese businessman built the Changho Works factory in Tianjin, and started to make "Anchor" bicycles. The brand name was changed to "Victory", and then renamed to "Zhongzi". After the Communists led by [[Chinese Communist Party]] chairman [[Mao Zedong]] came to power in 1949, the bicycle industry was revived. |
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In April 1949, Communist Party secretary [[Liu Shaoqi]] paid a visit to the factory and commanded that it become the first bicycle manufacturer in New China. Their workers were tasked to build a generation of strong, durable, light, and beautiful bicycles for the New China. On July 5, 1950, the first Flying Pigeon bicycle was produced. It was the brainchild of a worker named Huo Baoji, who based his classic model on the 1932 English [[Raleigh Bicycle Company|Raleigh]] [[Roadster (bicycle)|roadster]].<ref>[http://www.flying-pigeon.eu/historia.htm www.flying-pigeon.eu] History – Flying Pigeon Bicycle Co., Ltd. - Retrieved 2013-04-29</ref> The "Flying Pigeon" name was intended as an expression of peace during the [[Korean War|war in Korea]]. The Flying Pigeon logo is a stylized dove, representing concord and harmony, resting on the initials FG. Previous logos have depicted the dove in flight.<ref>[http://money.163.com/09/0816/01/5GQ7A8QH00253JOV.html Flying Pigeon bicycle old photos], [http://money.163.com money.163.com] Retrieved 2014-01-19</ref> |
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== Flying Pigeon: honours == |
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The Flying Pigeon was at the forefront of the bicycle phenomenon in the People's Republic of China. The vehicle was the government approved form of transport, and the nation became known as ''zixingche wang guo'', the Kingdom of Bicycles. A bicycle was regarded as one of the [[Four Big Things]] of every citizen, alongside a sewing machine, watch, and radio -- important items in life that also signified an increase in living standards.<ref name=":Chatwin">{{Cite book |last=Chatwin |first=Jonathan |title=The Southern Tour: Deng Xiaoping and the Fight for China's Future |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |year=2024 |isbn=9781350435711}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=39-40}}The Flying Pigeon bicycle became a symbol of an egalitarian social system that promised little comfort but a reliable ride through life.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} |
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In 1954, Flying Pigeon bicycles came to the first place in the first national quality evaluation. In the following comparisons and appraisals on bicycle quality, Flying Pigeon bicycles ever received such prizes and honours as National Silver Medal, Golden Prize of light industry series products at International Exposition, Best-selling Domestic Product Prize and National Best Post-sale Service Prize. In April of 1994, Flying Pigeon was listed as “The National Key Trademark Brand under Protection” by National Administration Bureau of Industry and commerce. |
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Adhering to the policy of "quality first", the company passed the ISO9001 international quality certification. |
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Flying Pigeon bicycles have been presented as a nation’s gift to The United States President Bush, Italy Prime Minister Prodi and Cuba President Fidel Castro, among others. |
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Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the logo became synonymous with almost all bicycles in the country. The Flying Pigeon became the single most popular mechanized vehicle on the planet,{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} becoming so ubiquitous that [[Deng Xiaoping]] — the post-Mao [[paramount leader]] who launched China's [[Chinese economic reform|economic reforms]] in the 1970s — defined prosperity as "a Flying Pigeon in every household". |
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==Advertising== |
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The Company does not advertise its traditional bicycles such as the PA-02 as the brand is so infused in Chinese society and culture. |
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In the early 1980s, Flying Pigeon was the country's biggest bike manufacturer, selling 3 million cycles in 1986. Its 20-kilogram black single-speed models were popular with workers, and there was a waiting list of several years to get one, and even then buyers needed good ''[[guanxi]]'' (connections) in addition to the purchase cost, which was about four months' wages for most workers.<ref name="bw">[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2004-09-19/a-phoenix-named-flying-pigeon A Phoenix Named Flying Pigeon], September 20, 2004, Bloomberg</ref> |
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There are, however, localized advertising campaigns as the following from New York City demonstrates. |
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== Traditional models == |
== Traditional models == |
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[[File:Left side of Flying Pigeon.jpg|thumb|A Flying Pigeon in a [[hutong]].]] |
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The classic Flying Pigeon bicycles are the [[Flying Pigeon PA-02|PA-02]] and [[Flying Pigeon PA-06|PA-06]] (men's) and [[Flying Pigeon PB-13|PB-13]] (women's): single speed black [[roadster (bicycle)|roadster]]s. |
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They are simple, relative to other bicycles. They are all-steel single speed with {{convert|28|in|abbr=on}} wheels, fenders, fully covered chain, sprung leather saddle, rear rack and rod brakes (a handlebar lever connects directly to the brake pads), double stand (PA02 and PA06) or side stand (PB13). Like the [[Ford Model T]], they are only available in one colour, black, except for the flare of vanilla at the fender tips. They can be equipped with a [[dynamo]] lighting set. |
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The classic Flying Pigeon bicycles are the PA-02 and PA-06 (gentlemen) and PB-13 (ladies). These are one of the most iconic symbols of old China (the sturdy, gearless black bicycle ridden by the masses). |
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They are a work of art in its simplicity, conceived as a working machines that were meant to last a lifetime. They are indestructible, all-steel single speed colossus with 28-inch wheels, fenders, a fully covered chain, sprung real leather saddle, a rear rack and push-rod brakes (a handlebar lever connects directly to the brake pads), double stand (PA02 and PA06) or side stand (PB13). Like Ford's Model T, they are only available in one colour, black, except for the flare of vanilla at the fender tips. They have a full steel double reinforced top bar frame (originally designed to carry pigs) and are elegantly finished, strong built and light running. They can be equipped with a dynamo lighting set. |
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These specifications are standard to all three models, except where otherwise noted. |
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==The PA-02 2D== |
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* {{convert|28|inch|cm|spell=in|adj=on|1}} by {{convert|1+1/2|in|adj=on}} ([[ISO 5775|ISO]] 635) wheels, 32 spokes in front, 40 spokes in the rear, [[Westwood rim]]s. |
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[[Image:PA-02-flyingpigeonnyc.jpg|thumb|PA-02 2D]] |
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* Rear hub {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}} {{abbr|OLD|over locknut dimension}}, front hub {{convert|100|mm|abbr=on}} OLD |
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[[Image:PB-13-flyingpigeonnyc.jpg|thumb|PB-13]] |
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* Chain wheel 42 teeth, sprocket 20 teeth |
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The classic Flying Pigeon bicycle (based on the 1949 English Raleigh Popular Model 1/DL1) is the PA-02 2D, a rugged, singlespeed with 28-inch wheels, fenders, a fully covered chain, a rear rack and push-rod brakes (A handlebar lever connects directly to the brake pads via a thin shaft of steel). It is only available in one color, black. |
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* {{convert|22|inch|cm|adj=on|1}} [[Bicycle frame#Frame size|frame size]] (PA-06 also available in {{convert|24|inch|cm|adj=on}}) |
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* Single-speed gearing of 58.8 [[gear inches]] |
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===PA-02=== |
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For most of the Communist era, the price of a Flying Pigeon was 150 yuan, about two months' salary, with a waiting list that stretched into years. There's a well-known story that a farmer once offered to trade his entire crop to speed up delivery of his Pigeon. |
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The classic Flying Pigeon bicycle is the PA-02, a single-speed with 28-inch wheels, [[Mudguard#Bicycles and motorcycles|mudguards]] (fenders), a fully enclosed [[chain case]], a [[Luggage carrier|rear rack]] and [[Bicycle brake systems#Rod-actuated brakes|rod-actuated brakes]]. The typically available color is black. However, other colors are available, such as: dark green, which is used by [[China Post]]; red, which is used by Chinese municipal fire departments; and yellow, orange and blue, which are used by various businesses. Most models are pinstriped. |
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For most of the Communist era, the price of a Flying Pigeon was 150 [[Chinese yuan|yuan]], about two months' salary, with a waiting list that stretched into years. An apocryphal story tells that a farmer once offered to trade his entire crop to speed up delivery of his Pigeon.{{cn|date=November 2021}} |
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Today, the PA-02 2D fetches about 1,100 yuan, the equivalent of $150 USD. The Tianjin factory produces about 800,000 bikes yearly. |
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The Tianjin factory produces about 800,000 bikes yearly. |
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==The PB-13== |
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Women's version of the classic Flying Pigeon. |
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== |
===PA-06=== |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:PA-02-flyingpigeonnyc.jpg|thumb|PA-06]] --> |
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* [http://www.flying-pigeon.cn Flying Pigeon company website] |
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The PA-06 model is distinguished by the use of a double top-tube. It is also the only model also manufactured in the larger {{convert|24|in|adj=on}} frame size (The PA-02 and PB-13 are only available in 22 inch frame size). This feature is often cited as being designed to carry pigs, but there is little factual basis for this claim. Double top-tubes are often used to stiffen larger frames in order to reduce "frame-whip" (lateral torsion). |
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* [http://www.flyingpigeonnyc.com Retailing Flying Pigeons in New York City] |
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* [http://flyingpigeon-la.com Retailer for Flying Pigeon in Los Angeles] |
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===PB-13=== |
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* [http://www.flyingpigeonnyc.blogspot.com A Blog concerning Flying Pigeon Images] |
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The PB-13 is the ladies' version of the classic Flying Pigeon, using a step-through style frame, similar to a Dutch ''[[Omafiets]]''. |
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* [http://www.guanxi-trading.com Guanxi Trading: Texas Retailer & Importer of Flying Pigeons] |
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<!-- * [http://www.bicycling.com/article/1,6610,s1-3-12-15416-1,00.html| Flight of the Pigeon] article from bicycle magazine |
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==Company== |
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* [http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_38/b3900077.html| A Phoenix Named Flying Pigeon] article from Business Week --> |
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In 1998, the Flying Pigeon factory in central Tianjin was shut down and operations were relocated to an industrial zone on the city's periphery.<ref name="bw"/> It employs 600 workers who produce the bikes, using modern automated equipment.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} Flying Pigeon now makes 40 models of bicycles, most of which look like modern mountain or city bikes, in various colors. The frames are welded piecemeal; wheels are built on an assembly line, with spokes first laced to hubs, then threaded to rims. Workers hand-spray rough welds with coatings of enamel, and the bikes move on conveyors similar to those of a [[dry cleaner]]s. |
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Despite declining domestic sales, the Flying Pigeon remains China's most popular bicycle, if only because much of the brand's old rolling stock is still in service. The government estimates that a half-billion bikes are in use throughout China{{when|date=March 2020}}, many handed down through generations. The Pigeon is a nostalgically-regarded artifact of China's post-revolutionary era. In 1994, the government named the bicycle a "national key [[trademark]] brand under protection", enshrining it similarly to [[national treasure]]s.<ref name=Koeppel2007/> |
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The company does not advertise its traditional bicycles such as the PA-02 as the brand is so infused in Chinese society and culture. There are, however, localized advertising campaigns. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
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==External links== |
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[[Category:cycle manufacturers]] |
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{{Commons category}} |
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[[Category:State-owned enterprises of the People's Republic of China]] |
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* {{Official website}} Chinese and English. |
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[[Category:Companies in Tianjin]] |
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[[Category:Companies established in 1950]] |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{bike-stub}} |
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{{China-company-stub}} |
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{{China-history-stub}} |
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[[Category:Cycle manufacturers]] |
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[[zh:天津飞鸽自行车]] |
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[[Category:Cycling in China]] |
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[[Category:Manufacturing companies of China]] |
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[[Category:Government-owned companies of China]] |
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[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Tianjin]] |
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[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1950]] |
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[[Category:1950 establishments in China]] |
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[[Category:Chinese brands]] |
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[[Category:1950 in Tianjin]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:31, 14 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2023) |
 | |
| Company type | State-owned bicycle company |
|---|---|
| Industry | Bicycles |
| Founded | 1936 |
| Headquarters | , China |
| Website | flyingpigeon-bicycle |
Flying Pigeon (simplified Chinese: 飞鸽; traditional Chinese: 飛鴿; pinyin: fēigē) is a Chinese publicly owned bicycle company based in Tianjin.
Since 1950, more than 500 million Flying Pigeon PA-02 bicycles have been made, and as of 2007, more than any other model of vehicle.[1][2]
History
[edit]In 1936, a Japanese businessman built the Changho Works factory in Tianjin, and started to make "Anchor" bicycles. The brand name was changed to "Victory", and then renamed to "Zhongzi". After the Communists led by Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong came to power in 1949, the bicycle industry was revived.
In April 1949, Communist Party secretary Liu Shaoqi paid a visit to the factory and commanded that it become the first bicycle manufacturer in New China. Their workers were tasked to build a generation of strong, durable, light, and beautiful bicycles for the New China. On July 5, 1950, the first Flying Pigeon bicycle was produced. It was the brainchild of a worker named Huo Baoji, who based his classic model on the 1932 English Raleigh roadster.[3] The "Flying Pigeon" name was intended as an expression of peace during the war in Korea. The Flying Pigeon logo is a stylized dove, representing concord and harmony, resting on the initials FG. Previous logos have depicted the dove in flight.[4]
The Flying Pigeon was at the forefront of the bicycle phenomenon in the People's Republic of China. The vehicle was the government approved form of transport, and the nation became known as zixingche wang guo, the Kingdom of Bicycles. A bicycle was regarded as one of the Four Big Things of every citizen, alongside a sewing machine, watch, and radio -- important items in life that also signified an increase in living standards.[5]: 39–40 The Flying Pigeon bicycle became a symbol of an egalitarian social system that promised little comfort but a reliable ride through life.[citation needed]
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the logo became synonymous with almost all bicycles in the country. The Flying Pigeon became the single most popular mechanized vehicle on the planet,[citation needed] becoming so ubiquitous that Deng Xiaoping — the post-Mao paramount leader who launched China's economic reforms in the 1970s — defined prosperity as "a Flying Pigeon in every household".
In the early 1980s, Flying Pigeon was the country's biggest bike manufacturer, selling 3 million cycles in 1986. Its 20-kilogram black single-speed models were popular with workers, and there was a waiting list of several years to get one, and even then buyers needed good guanxi (connections) in addition to the purchase cost, which was about four months' wages for most workers.[6]
Traditional models
[edit]
The classic Flying Pigeon bicycles are the PA-02 and PA-06 (men's) and PB-13 (women's): single speed black roadsters.
They are simple, relative to other bicycles. They are all-steel single speed with 28 in (710 mm) wheels, fenders, fully covered chain, sprung leather saddle, rear rack and rod brakes (a handlebar lever connects directly to the brake pads), double stand (PA02 and PA06) or side stand (PB13). Like the Ford Model T, they are only available in one colour, black, except for the flare of vanilla at the fender tips. They can be equipped with a dynamo lighting set.
These specifications are standard to all three models, except where otherwise noted.
- twenty-eight-inch (71.1 cm) by 1+1⁄2-inch (38 mm) (ISO 635) wheels, 32 spokes in front, 40 spokes in the rear, Westwood rims.
- Rear hub 120 mm (4.7 in) OLD, front hub 100 mm (3.9 in) OLD
- Chain wheel 42 teeth, sprocket 20 teeth
- 22-inch (55.9 cm) frame size (PA-06 also available in 24-inch (61 cm))
- Single-speed gearing of 58.8 gear inches
PA-02
[edit]The classic Flying Pigeon bicycle is the PA-02, a single-speed with 28-inch wheels, mudguards (fenders), a fully enclosed chain case, a rear rack and rod-actuated brakes. The typically available color is black. However, other colors are available, such as: dark green, which is used by China Post; red, which is used by Chinese municipal fire departments; and yellow, orange and blue, which are used by various businesses. Most models are pinstriped.
For most of the Communist era, the price of a Flying Pigeon was 150 yuan, about two months' salary, with a waiting list that stretched into years. An apocryphal story tells that a farmer once offered to trade his entire crop to speed up delivery of his Pigeon.[citation needed]
The Tianjin factory produces about 800,000 bikes yearly.
PA-06
[edit]The PA-06 model is distinguished by the use of a double top-tube. It is also the only model also manufactured in the larger 24-inch (610 mm) frame size (The PA-02 and PB-13 are only available in 22 inch frame size). This feature is often cited as being designed to carry pigs, but there is little factual basis for this claim. Double top-tubes are often used to stiffen larger frames in order to reduce "frame-whip" (lateral torsion).
PB-13
[edit]The PB-13 is the ladies' version of the classic Flying Pigeon, using a step-through style frame, similar to a Dutch Omafiets.
Company
[edit]In 1998, the Flying Pigeon factory in central Tianjin was shut down and operations were relocated to an industrial zone on the city's periphery.[6] It employs 600 workers who produce the bikes, using modern automated equipment.[citation needed] Flying Pigeon now makes 40 models of bicycles, most of which look like modern mountain or city bikes, in various colors. The frames are welded piecemeal; wheels are built on an assembly line, with spokes first laced to hubs, then threaded to rims. Workers hand-spray rough welds with coatings of enamel, and the bikes move on conveyors similar to those of a dry cleaners.
Despite declining domestic sales, the Flying Pigeon remains China's most popular bicycle, if only because much of the brand's old rolling stock is still in service. The government estimates that a half-billion bikes are in use throughout China[when?], many handed down through generations. The Pigeon is a nostalgically-regarded artifact of China's post-revolutionary era. In 1994, the government named the bicycle a "national key trademark brand under protection", enshrining it similarly to national treasures.[1]
The company does not advertise its traditional bicycles such as the PA-02 as the brand is so infused in Chinese society and culture. There are, however, localized advertising campaigns.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Koeppel, Dan (January–February 2007), "Flight of the Pigeon", Bicycling, vol. 48, no. 1, Rodale, Inc., pp. 60–66, ISSN 0006-2073, retrieved 2012-01-28
- ^ Newson, Alex (2013), Fifty Bicycles That Changed the World: Design Museum Fifty, Octopus Books, p. 40, ISBN 9781840916508
- ^ www.flying-pigeon.eu History – Flying Pigeon Bicycle Co., Ltd. - Retrieved 2013-04-29
- ^ Flying Pigeon bicycle old photos, money.163.com Retrieved 2014-01-19
- ^ Chatwin, Jonathan (2024). The Southern Tour: Deng Xiaoping and the Fight for China's Future. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781350435711.
- ^ a b A Phoenix Named Flying Pigeon, September 20, 2004, Bloomberg
External links
[edit]
- Official website
Chinese and English.