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{{Islam}}
{{Short description|Holidays in Islam}}
[[File:Sholakia_Eidgah_Maidan_08.jpg|thumb|right|Eid celebration in [[Sholakia]]. The largest [[Eid prayers|Eid congregation]].]]
'''Muslim holidays''' are mostly based around the life of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]], especially the events surrounding the first hearing of the [[Qur'an]]. Islam has two main holidays, [[Eid Al-Fitr]] and [[Eid Al-Adha]]. The way that holidays are recognized can vary across cultures, as well as across sects of Islam, [[Sunni]] and [[Shia]]. Muslim holidays generally follow the [[lunar calendar]], and thus move each year relative to the [[solar calendar]].The Islamic calendar has 12 months and 354-355 days. Sunni and Shia lunar calendars do not always coincide: sometimes a Shia holiday and the same Sunni holiday occur on two different days, typically two successive ones. The [[Execution of Saddam Hussein]] was carefully timed to avoid the Shia [[Eid ul-Adha]], but the Sunni holiday began on the day of his death.
{{Islam |religion}}
There are two main holidays in [[Islam]] that are celebrated by [[Muslim]]s worldwide: [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]]. The timing of both holidays are set by the lunar [[Islamic calendar]], which is based upon the cycle of the moon, and so is different from the more common, European, solar-based [[Gregorian calendar]]. Every year, the Gregorian dates of the Islamic holidays change.


Both Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha follow a period of 10 holy days or nights: the last 10 nights of [[Ramadan]] for Eid al-Fitr, and the first 10 days of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]] for Eid al-Adha. The [[Night of Power]] (Arabic: لیلة القدر, <small>[[Romanization of Arabic|romanized]]</small>: Laylat al-Qadr), one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan, is the holiest night of the year.{{cn|date=October 2023}} Conversely, the [[Day of Arafah]], the day before Eid al-Adha, is the holiest day of the Islamic year.{{cn|date=October 2023}}
== Festival ==
===Eid ul-Fitr===
{{main|Eid ul-Fitr}}
[[Eid]] (عيد) is the Arabic word for celebration and Fitr is the Arabic word for feast.
Eid ul-Fitr (عيد الفطر) or The Celebration of the Feast is the holiday celebrating the end of [[Ramadan]] and the month-long fast. During Ramadan, Muslims all over the world fast from dawn (before sun rise) to sunset, having their first daily meal at sun down prayer time. The purpose of fasting is to teach Muslims patience and humility, as well as to remind Muslims that they are fortunate and should help the needy and less fortunate. The main benefit of Ramadan is for the Muslims to train themselves to exercise restraint with the result being a closer relationship with Allah (God) and a healthier more appreciative self by the end of the month. After sun down of the last day of Ramadan, Eid ul-Fitr starts. In the early morning of the first day of [[Shawwal]] (first day of the Eid), Muslims perform a ritual prayer called the [[Eid prayer]]. Sweets, food, and non-alcoholic drinks are distributed in masajid and homes. Celebrations extend up to three days
Ramadan the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Also gifts are given out and also traded between friends and family.


There are a number of other days of note as well as festivals, some common to all Muslims, others specific to [[Shia Islam]] or branches thereof.
===Eid ul-Adha===
{{main|Eid ul-Adha}}
Eid ul-Adha (عيد الأضحى), also called the big holiday, falls approximately 70 days after Eid ul-Fitr and is celebrated in honor of the prophet [[Abraham]] when he intended to sacrifice his son [[Ismail]] as a proof of his loyalty to God. Eid ul-Adha is translated into English as “The Feast of Sacrifice”, when Muslims all over the world present an animal (usually a cow or a sheep) sacrifice as a gratitude action for God saving the Prophet Ismail's life. The slaughtered animal meat is divided into thirds, one for the person who is presenting the beast, one to be distributed to his poor relatives, and the last third for the needy, regardless of their religion, race, or nationality. As with Eid ul-Fitr, there is an early morning prayer for the Eid, and celebrations are extended for Four days.


Additionally, Friday is considered the holiest day of the week, and in Islamic tradition, is considered a celebration in itself. [[Friday prayer|Friday Prayers]] (Juma) are congregational prayers held in [[mosque]]s, and Muslims are encouraged to wear clean and refined clothes, perfume, and bathe. It is customary to eat special meals with family on this day.
It falls two months and 10 days after the Little Feast. Those who are economically able to make a pilgrimage to [[Mecca]] do so just before this date, on the [[Hajj]].


==Holidays==
== Religious festive day ==
{{Main|Eid al-Fitr|Eid al-Adha}}
=== Friday (Jumu'ah) ===
Eid al-Fitr is celebrated at the end of [[Ramadan]] (a month of fasting during daylight hours), and Muslims may perform acts of [[zakat]] (charity) on the occasion, which begins after the new moon is sighted for the beginning of the month of [[Shawwal]]. Celebration begins with prayers on the morning of 1 Shawwal, followed by breakfast, and often celebratory meals throughout the day.
{{main|Friday Prayer}}
[[Friday]] is an important day in the life of a [[Muslim]] and it is believed that any devotional acts done on this day gain a higher reward. This day however should not be understood as a [[Sabbath in Christianity|Sabbath]], for Muslims reject the belief that [[God]] rested after [[Creation myth|creation]]. The reason for the selection of Friday is due to the belief that Adam was created on that day. Believers attend congregational [[prayer]] at the local [[mosque]], perform prayer and listen to a sermon by the [[Imam]]. When the holidays occur, it is according to the lunar [[Islamic calendar]].


Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of [[Dhu al-Hijjah]], when the [[Hajj]] pilgrimage takes place which lasts for four days. Muslims may perform an act of zakat and friendship by slaughtering a sheep or cow and distributing the meat to family, friends, and the poor. Muslims are also encouraged to be especially friendly and reach out to one another during this period.<ref>{{Cite book|last=الشحيمي|first=محمد|title=العيد فرحة وآداب|publisher=[[دائرة الشؤون الإسلامية والعمل الخيري]]|year=2014|isbn=978-9948-499-99-2|location=دبي، الامارات العربية المتحدة}}</ref>
The lunar year does not match the solar year. Therefore, the [[Islam]]ic months precess each year; they shift relative to the [[Gregorian calendar]] by about 11 days.


==Religious practices==
Friday is known as “Yowm ul-Jumuah” which means “day of gathering”. The day that Muslims gather.
===Fasting===
[[File:Fanous Ramadan.jpg|thumb|The [[Fanoos]], a lantern used in homes, mosques and streets during Ramadan]]
{{Main|Ramadan}}
Muslims celebrate when they believe the [[Quran]] was first revealed to Muhammed by fasting from dawn to sunset during [[Ramadan (calendar month)|Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=No god but God : the origins and evolution of Islam|last=Reza|first=Aslan|date=2011|publisher=Delacorte Press|isbn=9780385739757|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=118–119|oclc=614990718}}</ref> Fasting is considered a purifying experience so that Muslims can gain compassion and deepen their faith in [[God in Islam|God]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ramadan0000aloi|title=Ramadan|last=Molly.|first=Aloian|date=2009|publisher=Crabtree|isbn=978-0778742852|location=New York|oclc=227911610|url-access=registration}}</ref> Those with certain health conditions such as diabetes, and children are exempt from fasting. Travelers, and women who are menstruating or nursing a baby, are exempt from fasting but are required to fast later.{{cn|date=October 2023}}


=== Ashura ===
===Pilgrimage===
====Hajj====
{{main|Ashura}}
{{Main|Hajj}}
Ashura is celebrated on the ninth and tenth day of [[Muharram]] on the Islamic Calendar. Ashura is an Arabic word meaning "ten", and it is a day of optional fasting. Jews in the city of Madina fasted only one day, (on [[Yom Kippur]] the 10th of [[Tishrei]]) so the Prophet Muhammad would fast too. This is the day on which God saved [[Moses]] and the [[Israelites]] from Pharaoh in [[Egypt]] as he crossed the [[Red Sea]] (the [[Exodus]] day). According to Islamic tradition [[Muhammad]] fasted along with the neighboring Jewish communities on this occasion, and according to narrations, Muhammad planned on fasting on the 9th and 10th of Muharram. (According to [[Judaism]] the Israelites left Egypt on the first day of [[Passover]], and they crossed the Sea of Reeds seven days later on the 21st of [[Nisan]], both of which are celebrated as holidays with meals.) This is also the day on which Muhammad's grandson, [[Husayn ibn Ali]], was martyred according to tradition in the [[Battle of Kerbela|Battle of Karbala]]. For [[Shi'a]] Muslims this is a day of mourning. Many [[Sunni]] Muslims also commemorate this event, albeit in a less dramatic fashion than the Shi'a.


=== Laylat al-Qadr ===
====Umrah====
{{main|Laylat al-Qadr}}
{{Main|Umrah}}
Laylat al-Qadr is Arabic for “The Night of Power”. It falls on one of the last ten days of [[Ramadan (calendar month)|Ramadan]] on an odd numbered day. It is considered the holiest night in the entire month of Ramadan, since it is the night in which the Qur'an was first revealed. It is also considered ''better than a thousand months'' [Qur'an [[Sura 97|97]]:1-3]. It is said that if a person performs voluntary worship on this night, that worship is equal to a thousand months or approximately 80 years.


====Eid====
=== Laylat ul Isra and Miraj ===
{{ramadan}}
{{main|Lailat al Miraj}}
Laylat ul [[Isra and Mi'raj]] is Arabic for the “Night of the Journey and Ascension”. It is on 27th of [[Rajab]]. It is the night when Muhammad was, according to Hadiths, taken to “the furthest mosque” (generally understood to be [[Jerusalem]]) on a [[Buraq]] (a beast resembling horse with wings; some people consider it a [[cherub]]) and ascended to the highest level of the heavens. It is said that he negotiated with God about the number of prayers, which started at fifty a day, but on his way down he met Moses, who asked him to ask for a reduction in the number because the requirement was difficult for Muhammad's people. Muhammad returned to God and several times asked for, and was granted a reduction of five prayers, until the number was reduced to five in total, with the blessing that if they were properly performed, the performers would be credited with fifty prayers instead of five.


==Dates of holidays and other days of note==
=== Laylat ul Bara'ah ===
The Islamic calendar is based on the [[orbital period|synodic period]] of the [[Lunar phase|Moon's revolution]] around the Earth, approximately 29{{1/2}} days. The Islamic calendar alternates months of 29 and 30 days (which begin with the new moon). Twelve of these months make up an Islamic year, which is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year. Some Gregorian dates may vary slightly from those given, and may also vary by country. See [[Islamic calendar#Astronomical considerations|Islamic calendar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Islamic Calendar|url=http://islamicfinder.org/islamic-calendar/|website=IslamicFinder|access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Special Islamic Days|url=http://islamicfinder.org/special-islamic-days/|website=IslamicFinder|access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref>
{{main|Laylat ul Bara'ah}}
Laylat ul Bara'ah is Arabic for the “Night of Freedom from Fire”. It occurs on the night between the 14th and 15th of [[Sha'aban]]. It is considered a night when Muslims are graced with Divine Mercy and blessings. The night is spent in the recitation of the Qur'an and special prayers as well as visiting the deceased.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
=== Jumu'ah-tul-Wada ===
{{main|Jumu'ah-tul-Wada}}
Jumu'ah-tul-Wada ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: جمعة الوداع ) is the last Friday of the holy month of [[Ramadan (calendar month)|Ramadan]], that is the last fasting Friday before [[Eid-ul-Fitr]]. It is customary for Muslims go to the cemetery to bestow prayers for the deceased.

== Cultural festive day ==
=== Islamic New Year ===
{{main|Islamic New Year}}
The 1st of [[Muharram]] is the [[New Year]] on the Islamic Calendar. In Arabic, the new year is called, “R'as as-Sana”. (The Jewish New Year has a similar name, “[[Rosh Hashana]]”.) It is not an islamic holiday.

=== Open mosque day ===
Some mosques are organizing “Days of Opfen Mosque” with special program, muslim culture, video show, discussion and finger foods for the visitors.

== Religious practice ==
=== Fasting ===
{{main|Ramadan}}
[[Ramadan (calendar month)|Ramadan]] is the month in which Muslims must fast from sun-up to sun-down. This is meant to feel how the poor people are without food or water.

=== Pilgrimage ===
==== Hajj ====
{{main|Hajj}}

==== Umrah ====
{{main|Umrah}}

== Dates ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Holiday name!! Hijri date
! Festive day
!1446 AH
! 2008 <ref name="islamkalender">[http://www.islamkalender.com/islamische-festtage.html Islam-Kalender]</ref>
! 2009 <ref name="islamkalender" />
! 2010 <ref>[http://islam.de/2860.php Deutscher islamwissenschaftlicher Ausschuss der Neumonde (DIWAN)]</ref>
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Islamic New Year]] || align="left" | 1 Muḥarram
| Islamic Newyear
|7 July 2024
| 10. [[January]]
| - - -
| - - -
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Ashura]] || align="left" | 10 Muḥarram
| Ashura
|17 July 2024
| 19. January
| 07. January
| - - -
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Arbaʽeen]]{{efn|name=Shia|Primarily observed by Shias.}} || align="left" | 20 or 21 Ṣafar{{efn|Observed 40 days after Ashura.}}
| Mawlid an-Nabi
| 20. March
|26 Aug. 2024
| 09. March
| 26. February
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Akhiri Chahar Shambah]]{{efn|Primarily observed by Muslims in Iran and Indian subcontinent.}} || align="left" | Last Wednesday of Ṣafar
| Lailat al Miraj
|
| 31. July
| 20. July
| ?
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Eid-e-Shuja']] (Eid-e-Zahra){{efn|name=Twelver|Primarily observed by [[Twelver|Twelver Shias]].}} || align="left" | 9 Rabī‘ al-Awwal
| Lailat al Barat
|
| 18. August
| 07. August
| ?
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Mawlid|Mawlid an-Nabī]]<br />(Birthday of [[Muhammad]]){{efn|Not observed by Wahhabis, Deobandis and Ahl-i-Hadith}}|| align="left" | 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal
| 1. Ramadan <ref name="date">Aufgrund verschiedener Berechnungsgrundlagen, kann dieses Datum um einen oder zwei Tage variieren</ref>
|15 Sep. 2024
| 01. September <ref>AFP: [http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ief609hzXVzh1Rxc6WKNrq-SMaHg Muslime in Libyen und Nigeria beginnen Fastenmonat Ramadan]: 2008 begann der Ramadan in Libyen und Nigeria am 31. August, in Pakistan und für die Ahmadis in Deutschland am 2. September; [http://stephanscom.at/news/0/articles/2008/09/02/a15250/ Katholischer Islamexperte in Wien], Erzdiözese Wien am 2. September: „Mit der Sichtung des Neumondes beginnt der muslimische Fastenmonat Ramadan. Das war in Wien, am Dienstag, 2. September 2008, um 4.31 Uhr.“</ref>
| 22. August
| 11. August
|-
|-
| align="left" | Baptism of Muhammad{{efn|Mostly observed in the [[Sahel]]}} || align="left" | 19 Rabī‘ al-Awwal
| Lailat al Qadr
| 28. September
|22 Sep. 2024
| 17. September
| ?
|-
|-
| align="left" | Beginning the Three Holy Months || align="left" | 1 Rajab
| Eid ul-Fitr <ref name="date" />
|
| 01. October
| 21. September
| 10. September
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Laylat al-Raghaib]] || align="left" | 2 Rajab
| Eid ul-Adha
|
| 08. December
| 27. November
| 17. November
|-
|-
| align="left" | Birthday of [[Ali|‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | [[13 Rajab]]
| Islamic Newyear
|
| 29. December
| 18. December
| 07. December
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Isra and Mi'raj|Laylat al-Mi'raj]] || align="left" | 26 Rajab or 27 Rajab{{efn|There is some disagreement about this date; see [[Isra and Mi'raj#Modern Muslim observance|Isra and Mi'raj]].}}
| Aschura
|
| - - -
| 27. December
| 17. December
|-
|-
| align="left" | [[Mid-Sha'ban|Laylat al-Bara'at]] || align="left" | 15 Sha‘bān
|
|-
| align="left" | Birthday of [[Hujjat-Allah imam al-Mahdi|Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdī]]{{efn|name=Twelver|Primarily observed by [[Twelver|Twelver Shias]].}} || align="left" | 15 Sha‘bān
|
|-
| align="left" | First day of [[Ramadan|Ramaḍān]] || align="left" | 1 Ramaḍān
|
|-
| align="left" | '''[[Qadr Night|Laylat al-Qadr]]''' || align="left" | 21, 23, 25, 27, or 29 Ramaḍān{{efn|Most often observed on 23 Ramaḍān by Shias and 27 Ramaḍān by Sunnis; see [[Qadr Night#Date|Laylat al-Qadr]].}}
|
|-
| align="left" | [[Chaand Raat]]{{efn|Primarily observed in [[South Asia]].}} || align="left" | 29 or 30 Ramaḍān{{efn|Observed on the last evening of Ramaḍān; see [[Chaand Raat#Background|Chaand Raat]].}}
|
|-
| align="left" | '''[[Eid al-Fitr]]''' || align="left" | '''1 Shawwāl'''
|30 March 2025
|-
| align="left" | [[Hajj]] || align="left" | 8–13 Dhū al-Ḥijja
|
|-
| align="left" | '''[[Day of Arafah]]''' || align="left" | 9 Dhū al-Ḥijja
|5 June 2025
|-
| align="left" | '''[[Eid al-Adha]]''' || align="left" | '''10 Dhū al-Ḥijja'''
|6 June 2025
|-
| align="left" | [[Event of Ghadir Khumm|Eid al-Ghadeer]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | 18 Dhū al-Ḥijja
|
|-
| align="left" | [[Event of Mubahala|Eid al-Mubahalah]]{{efn|name=Shia}} || align="left" | 24 Dhū al-Ḥijja
|
|}
|}
<references />


==External links==
===Notes to table===
{{Notelist|45em}}
* [http://www.islamonline.net/English/eid/1423/index.shtml Eid]
* [http://www.factmonster.com/spot/ramadan1.html Ramadan]
* [http://www.islaam.com/Article.aspx?id=332 Lalatul Qadr]
* [http://www.geocities.com/ahmedbinshakil/al-salah Salah prayer calculator]
* [http://www.vtg.admin.ch/internet/vtg/fr/home/militaerdienst/allgemeines/armeeseelsorge/juedische_feiertage.html Fêtes juives et Fêtes islamiques 2008/2009/2010] (alemán y francés)


==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Leaman, Oliver, "Festivals of Love", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I, pp.&nbsp;197–199.

==External links==
* [http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia] (with date converter valid from 1937 to 2077)


{{Eid}}
{{Muslimholidays}}
{{Muslimholidays}}
{{Islam topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Time in religion and mythology}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Islamic holy days| ]]
[[Category:Religious holidays]]
[[Category:Religious holidays]]
[[Category:Islamic Holy days]]

[[da:Islamiske helligdage]]
[[de:Islamische Festtage]]
[[es:Días festivos musulmanes]]
[[fr:Fêtes islamiques]]
[[hi:मुस्लिम त्यौहार]]
[[he:חגים ומועדים באסלאם]]
[[no:Islamske høytider]]
[[ro:Bairam]]
[[ru:Исламские праздники]]
[[sq:Festat Islame]]
[[simple:Muslim occasions]]

Latest revision as of 21:36, 7 December 2024

Eid celebration in Sholakia. The largest Eid congregation.
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There are two main holidays in Islam that are celebrated by Muslims worldwide: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The timing of both holidays are set by the lunar Islamic calendar, which is based upon the cycle of the moon, and so is different from the more common, European, solar-based Gregorian calendar. Every year, the Gregorian dates of the Islamic holidays change.

Both Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha follow a period of 10 holy days or nights: the last 10 nights of Ramadan for Eid al-Fitr, and the first 10 days of Dhu al-Hijjah for Eid al-Adha. The Night of Power (Arabic: لیلة القدر, romanized: Laylat al-Qadr), one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan, is the holiest night of the year.[citation needed] Conversely, the Day of Arafah, the day before Eid al-Adha, is the holiest day of the Islamic year.[citation needed]

There are a number of other days of note as well as festivals, some common to all Muslims, others specific to Shia Islam or branches thereof.

Additionally, Friday is considered the holiest day of the week, and in Islamic tradition, is considered a celebration in itself. Friday Prayers (Juma) are congregational prayers held in mosques, and Muslims are encouraged to wear clean and refined clothes, perfume, and bathe. It is customary to eat special meals with family on this day.

Holidays

[edit]
Main articles: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha

Eid al-Fitr is celebrated at the end of Ramadan (a month of fasting during daylight hours), and Muslims may perform acts of zakat (charity) on the occasion, which begins after the new moon is sighted for the beginning of the month of Shawwal. Celebration begins with prayers on the morning of 1 Shawwal, followed by breakfast, and often celebratory meals throughout the day.

Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, when the Hajj pilgrimage takes place which lasts for four days. Muslims may perform an act of zakat and friendship by slaughtering a sheep or cow and distributing the meat to family, friends, and the poor. Muslims are also encouraged to be especially friendly and reach out to one another during this period.[1]

Religious practices

[edit]

Fasting

[edit]
The Fanoos, a lantern used in homes, mosques and streets during Ramadan
Main article: Ramadan

Muslims celebrate when they believe the Quran was first revealed to Muhammed by fasting from dawn to sunset during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.[2] Fasting is considered a purifying experience so that Muslims can gain compassion and deepen their faith in God.[3] Those with certain health conditions such as diabetes, and children are exempt from fasting. Travelers, and women who are menstruating or nursing a baby, are exempt from fasting but are required to fast later.[citation needed]

Pilgrimage

[edit]

Hajj

[edit]
Main article: Hajj

Umrah

[edit]
Main article: Umrah

Eid

[edit]

Dates of holidays and other days of note

[edit]

The Islamic calendar is based on the synodic period of the Moon's revolution around the Earth, approximately 291⁄2 days. The Islamic calendar alternates months of 29 and 30 days (which begin with the new moon). Twelve of these months make up an Islamic year, which is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year. Some Gregorian dates may vary slightly from those given, and may also vary by country. See Islamic calendar.[4][5]

Holiday name Hijri date 1446 AH
Islamic New Year 1 Muḥarram 7 July 2024
Ashura 10 Muḥarram 17 July 2024
Arbaʽeen[a] 20 or 21 Ṣafar[b] 26 Aug. 2024
Akhiri Chahar Shambah[c] Last Wednesday of Ṣafar
Eid-e-Shuja' (Eid-e-Zahra)[d] 9 Rabī‘ al-Awwal
Mawlid an-Nabī
(Birthday of Muhammad)[e]		 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 15 Sep. 2024
Baptism of Muhammad[f] 19 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 22 Sep. 2024
Beginning the Three Holy Months 1 Rajab
Laylat al-Raghaib 2 Rajab
Birthday of ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib[a] 13 Rajab
Laylat al-Mi'raj 26 Rajab or 27 Rajab[g]
Laylat al-Bara'at 15 Sha‘bān
Birthday of Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdī[d] 15 Sha‘bān
First day of Ramaḍān 1 Ramaḍān
Laylat al-Qadr 21, 23, 25, 27, or 29 Ramaḍān[h]
Chaand Raat[i] 29 or 30 Ramaḍān[j]
Eid al-Fitr 1 Shawwāl 30 March 2025
Hajj 8–13 Dhū al-Ḥijja
Day of Arafah 9 Dhū al-Ḥijja 5 June 2025
Eid al-Adha 10 Dhū al-Ḥijja 6 June 2025
Eid al-Ghadeer[a] 18 Dhū al-Ḥijja
Eid al-Mubahalah[a] 24 Dhū al-Ḥijja

Notes to table

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Primarily observed by Shias.
  2. ^ Observed 40 days after Ashura.
  3. ^ Primarily observed by Muslims in Iran and Indian subcontinent.
  4. ^ a b Primarily observed by Twelver Shias.
  5. ^ Not observed by Wahhabis, Deobandis and Ahl-i-Hadith
  6. ^ Mostly observed in the Sahel
  7. ^ There is some disagreement about this date; see Isra and Mi'raj.
  8. ^ Most often observed on 23 Ramaḍān by Shias and 27 Ramaḍān by Sunnis; see Laylat al-Qadr.
  9. ^ Primarily observed in South Asia.
  10. ^ Observed on the last evening of Ramaḍān; see Chaand Raat.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ الشحيمي, محمد (2014). العيد فرحة وآداب. دبي، الامارات العربية المتحدة: دائرة الشؤون الإسلامية والعمل الخيري. ISBN 978-9948-499-99-2.
  2. ^ Reza, Aslan (2011). No god but God : the origins and evolution of Islam (1st ed.). New York: Delacorte Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 9780385739757. OCLC 614990718.
  3. ^ Molly., Aloian (2009). Ramadan. New York: Crabtree. ISBN 978-0778742852. OCLC 227911610.
  4. ^ "Islamic Calendar". IslamicFinder. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  5. ^ "Special Islamic Days". IslamicFinder. Retrieved 12 September 2020.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Leaman, Oliver, "Festivals of Love", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I, pp. 197–199.
[edit]
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