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{{Short description|British citizens of Nigerian origin or Nigerian citizens of British origin}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
|group = Nigerian British
{{Infobox ethnic group
|image= [[Image:Nigerian british.jpg|250px]]<br /><small>'''[[List of Nigerian Britons|Notable Nigerian Britons:]]'''<br />[[Chiwetel Ejiofor]], [[Shirley Bassey]], [[Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje]]<br />[[Seal (musician)|Seal]], [[Christine Ohuruogu]], [[Olaudah Equiano]]<br/>[[Osi Umenyiora]], [[Lemar]], [[Tupele Dorgu]]<br>
| group = British Nigerians
{{flagicon|Nigeria}} {{flagicon|UK}}
| native_name =
|poptime = '''Est. 800,000&ndash;3 million'''<br><small>Between 1.3% and 5% of the UK's population
| native_name_lang =
|popplace = '''[[UK|Throughout the United Kingdom]]'''<br>In particular [[Greater London]], [[Birmingham]], [[Manchester]], [[Leeds]], [[Liverpool]], [[Cardiff]], [[Sheffield]]
| image =
|langs = [[English language|English]], [[languages of Nigeria|Igbo, Yoruba, Edo, Hausa]]
| image_caption = Photo showing [[Anthony Joshua]], a British Nigerian.
|rels = [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Animism|Traditional beliefs]]
| population = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''Nigerian-born residents in the United Kingdom: 293,609 – 0.4% <br/>([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021/22 Census]]){{#tag:ref|Does not include Nigerians born in the United Kingdom or those with Nigerian ancestry|group="note"}}'''<br/>{{Flag|England}}: 266,877– 0.5% (2021)<ref name="E&W_CoB22">{{cite web |title=TS012: Country of birth (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS012/editions/2021/versions/2/filter-outputs/ba18881b-a88f-432f-89be-af1fee321107#get-data |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref><br>{{Flag|Scotland}}: 21,286 – 0.4% (2022)<ref name="CountryBirth_22">{{cite web |title=Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4 |publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=24 May 2024}} '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'</ref><br/>{{Flag|Wales}}: 3,891 – 0.1% (2021)<ref name="E&W_CoB22"/><br/>[[Northern Ireland]]: 1,555 – 0.08% (2021)<ref name="CoB_NI21">{{cite web|url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-a17.xlsx|title=MS-A17: Country of birth - intermediate detail|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|date=22 September 2022|accessdate=25 May 2023}}</ref><br/>'''Nigerian citizens/passports held:'''<br/> 117,638 (England and Wales only, 2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=TS013: Passports held (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS013/editions/2021/versions/3/filter-outputs/728bfc72-22fb-4651-8841-b2f3433118f8#get-data |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref><br/>'''Ethnic Nigerians:'''<br/>271,390 (England and Wales only, 2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS022/editions/2021/versions/2/filter-outputs/41d3c99d-976d-4553-858a-af16bc85554b?f=get-data#ethnic_group_288a |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref><br/>
| popplace = '''[[UK|Throughout the United Kingdom]]'''<br />In particular [[Greater London]], [[South East England]], [[East of England]], [[North West England]]
| langs = '''Predominantly'''<br />[[English language|English]] ([[British English|British]], [[Nigerian English|Nigerian]], [[Nigerian Pidgin|Pidgin]]), [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] and [[Igbo language|Igbo]]<br />'''Others'''<br />[[Languages of Nigeria|Nigerian languages]]
| rels = Predominantly [[Christianity]], minority [[Sunni Islam]], [[Traditional African religions|traditional religions]]
| related = [[Nigerian Canadians]], [[Nigerian Americans]], [[Nigerian Australians]] {{reflist|group=note}}
}}
}}
{{Lists of British people}}

'''British Nigerians''' (here meaning [[British people]] of [[Nigerians|Nigerian]] descent<ref name="Temko">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/may/14/uk.labour1|title='Think Jamaica is bad? Try Nigeria...': How Diane Abbott enraged a community|last=Temko|first=Ned|date=2006-05-14|work=The Observer|page=21|access-date=2009-10-25|location=London}}</ref><ref name="Davies">{{cite web|url=http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/001301.php|title=No apology for slavery – no deep sorrow: Christie Davies explains why apologies for centuries-old wrongs are not in order|last=Davies|first=Christie|author-link=Christie Davies|date=2006-12-12|publisher=[[Social Affairs Unit]]|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref> rather than [[Nigerians]] of British descent) have formed long-established communities in [[London]], [[Liverpool]] and other industrial cities. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendants in Britain live in [[South London]], and they are one of the larger immigrant groups in the country.<ref name="Little Lagos">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4182341.stm|title=Little Lagos in south London|last=White|first=Robin|date=2005-01-25|work=BBC News|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref>
'''Nigerian British''' is the term given to describe [[United Kingdom|British]] people of [[Nigeria]]n descent. According to the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], there are betweeen 800,000 and 3 million people of Nigerian descent in the United Kingdom.<ref>[http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/nigeria?profile=intRelations&pg=4 Country Profile: Nigeria]. [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]. February 13, 2008. Retrieved on September 13, 2008.</ref> Many live in South [[London]]. The UK is home to the world's second largest Nigerian community, only behind Nigeria itself, however it is likely that those of distant and unknown descent such as [[African-Americans]] and [[Afro-Brazilians]] could outnumber the Nigerian British community.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4182341.stm Little Lagos in south London]. [[BBC]]. January 25, 2005. Retrieved on September 13, 2008.</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
Nigerians have formed long-established communities in [[London]], [[Liverpool]] and other industrial cities. The earliest known Nigerian presence in London took place over 200 years ago as a direct result of the [[Atlantic slave trade|transatlantic slave trade]]. [[Olaudah Equiano]], born in what is now Nigeria and a former slave, lived in London and was involved in the debate that occurred in Britain over the abolition of the slave trade.<ref name="BBC London">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/05/26/nigerian_london_feature.shtml|title=Nigerian London|publisher=BBC London|access-date=2009-10-25}}</ref>


Like many other former British colonies, Nigeria has been a large source of immigrants to the United Kingdom. Prior to Nigerian independence from Britain, gained in 1960, many Nigerians studied in the UK along with other countries such as [[Australia]] and the [[United States]]; with the majority returning to Nigeria upon completion of their higher education.<ref name="CLG">{{cite web |url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1203232.pdf |title=The Nigerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities |last=Change Institute |date=April 2009 |publisher=Communities and Local Government |pages=23–24 |access-date=2009-10-25 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331163114/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1203232.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant">{{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=788|title=Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant|date=June 2010|publisher=Migration Information Source|pages=1|access-date=2012-07-06|location=Washington}}</ref> In the 1960s, civil and political unrest in Nigeria contributed to many refugees migrating to Britain, along with skilled workers.<ref name="BBC London"/>
=== Early ===


Nigerians emigrated in larger numbers in the 1980s, following the collapse of the petroleum boom.<ref name="CLG"/> This wave of migration has been more permanent than the pre-independence wave of temporary migration.<ref name="CLG"/> Asylum applications from Nigerians peaked in 1995, when the repression associated with the military dictatorship of [[Sani Abacha]] was at its height.<ref name="CLG"/>
'''The 17th to 19th Centuries'''<br>
Nigerians have formed long-established communities in London, [[Liverpool]] and other industrial cities. One of the most famous Nigerian Britons of the 17th century was [[Olaudah Equiano]], who was involved in the British debate for the abolition of the [[slave trade]].


In 2015, Britain's [[Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner]] expressed concerns about the extent of [[contemporary slavery]] involving Nigerians smuggled to the UK. Of more than 2,000 potential victims of human trafficking referred to the [[National Crime Agency]] in 2014, 244 were from Nigeria. This represented a 31 per cent increase on 2013's figure. According to the BBC, "Campaigners believe the real figure of potential trafficking victims from Nigeria could be much higher".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-33159899|title=Nigerian trafficking 'top priority', commissioner says|first=Sima|last=Kotecha|work=BBC News|date=17 June 2015|access-date=17 June 2015}}</ref>
Calabarian sailors also have reported ties with the UK (notably Cardiff in the 19th century). Due to the slave trade, links between Benin Chiefs and British merchants were established over three centuries ago. The Nigerian community makes up the oldest Black community in the United Kingdom.


=== Modern ===
==Demographics==
===Population===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:right; font-size:85%; margin:1em;"
|+ Nigerian-born population by region and country
|- style="background:#dedebb;"
! Region / Country !! Population !! % !! Largest community
|-
||'''[[England]]''' || '''266,877''' || '''0.47%''' || {{n/a}}
|-
|| [[Greater London]] || 117,145 || 1.33% || [[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]] – 14,357 (5.0%)
|-
|| [[South East England|South East]] || 32,468 || 0.35% || [[Medway]] – 3,993 (1.4%)
|-
|| [[North West England|North West]] || 29,092 || 0.39% || [[Manchester]] – 10,329 (1.9%)
|-
|| [[East of England]] || 27,913 || 0.44% || [[Colchester]] – 1,346 (0.7%)
|-
|| [[West Midlands (region)|West Midlands]] || 19,911 || 0.33% || [[Birmingham]] – 5,946 (0.5%)
|-
|| [[East Midlands]] || 13,902 || 0.28% || [[Nottingham]] – 3,442 (1.1%)
|-
|| [[Yorkshire and the Humber|Yorkshire and The Humber]] || 12,454 || 0.23% || [[Leeds]] – 3,415 (0.4%)
|-
|| [[South West England|South West]] || 7,691 || 0.13% || [[Bristol]] – 1,431 (0.3%)
|-
|| [[North East England|North East]] || 6,301 || 0.24% || [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] – 2,082 (0.7%)
|-
|| '''[[Scotland]]''' || '''21,286''' || '''0.39%''' || [[Aberdeen]] – 5,662 (2.5%)
|-
|| '''[[Wales]]''' || '''3,891''' || '''0.13%''' || [[Cardiff]] – 1,366 (0.4%)
|-
|| '''[[Northern Ireland]]''' || '''1,555''' || '''0.08%''' || [[Belfast]] – 862 (0.2%)
|-
| colspan="8" |{{center|<small>Figures based on the 2021 United Kingdom Census<ref name="E&W_CoB22"/><ref name="CountryBirth_22"/><ref name="CoB_NI21"/></small>}}
|}


The [[2001 UK Census]] recorded 88,378 Nigerian-born people resident in the UK.<ref name=OECD>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |title=Country-of-birth database |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] |access-date=2009-09-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617032129/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |archive-date=17 June 2009}}</ref> The [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]] recorded 191,183 Nigerian-born residents in [[England and Wales]].<ref name="2011cen">{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS203EW Country of birth (detailed), local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-qs203ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=11 December 2012|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> The censuses of [[Scotland]] and [[Northern Ireland]] recorded 9,458 and 543 Nigerian-born residents respectively.<ref name=Scotland>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Country of birth (detailed)|publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=9 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=NI>{{cite web|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls |title=Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI |publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency |access-date=9 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095516/http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> More recent estimates by the [[Office for National Statistics]] put the figure at 215,000 in 2019.<ref>{{ONSCoB2019|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>
'''Post Nigerian independence and World War II (20th and 21st Centuries)'''<br>


A [[Council of Europe]] report gives a figure of 100,000 Nigerians in the UK but suggests that this is likely to be an underestimate since it does not include irregular migrants or children born outside of Nigeria. Similarly, Nigerians with citizenship of another EU member state who then relocated to the UK are not necessarily included in this estimate. The report suggests to multiply the figure by between 3 and 8 to reflect the size of the Nigerian community in the UK.<ref name="CoE">{{cite web |url=http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc08/EDOC11526.htm |title=Immigration from sub-Saharan Africa |date=2008-02-11 |publisher=Report, Committee on Migration, Refugees and Population, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Doc. 11526 |access-date=2009-10-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919120109/http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=%2FDocuments%2FWorkingDocs%2FDoc08%2FEDOC11526.htm |archive-date=19 September 2009}}</ref>
==Population==
According to the [[2001 UK Census]] only 90,000 Nigerian born people were living in the UK, with 3/4 of them in [[London]] (which is an increase of almost 90% from [[1991]]),<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/countries/html/nigeria.stm Statistics for Nigerian born people in the UK, BBC]</ref> despite this the Nigerian British population is a long established community, and including British born people of Nigerian descent, illegal immigrants and recent immigrants the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] puts the Nigerian British population total at between 800,000 and 3,000,000. The vast majority of Nigerians in the UK come from the south of Nigeria, and are mainly of [[Yoruba]] and [[Igbo]] heritage. They are also predominantly Christian or animist.<ref>[http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/nigeria?profile=intRelations&pg=4 Country Profile: Nigeria]. [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]. February 13, 2008. Retrieved on September 13, 2008]</ref>

===Economics===
61.15% of recent Nigerian immigrants to the UK of working age are employed (compared to 73.49% for British born people regardless of race or ethnic background). 18.48% of recent immigrants are low earners, which is pay less than [[£]]149.20 a week (compared to 21.08% for British born people), and 13.04% are high earners, which is more than £750 per week (compared to 6.98% for British born people). The percentages for settled immigrants are slighlty different, 72.93% are employed with 14.17% being low earners and 15.00% high earners. To summarise 32.96% of Nigerian born British citizens are unemployed, compared to 26.51% for British born people regardless of ethnicity. The figures for British born people strictly of Nigerian descent are unknown.<Ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/economics/html/overview.stm BBC Born abroad - British born Nigerians]</ref>


===Distribution===
===Distribution===
The UK's largest concentration of Nigerians is found in the [[capital city]], [[London]]. The 2001 census found that [[Peckham]] was the home to the largest overseas Nigerian community in the UK, with 7% of the population of the Peckham [[census tract]] having been born in Nigeria.<ref name="Born abroad">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/countries/html/nigeria.stm|title=Born abroad: Nigeria|work=BBC News|access-date=2009-10-25 | date=2005-09-07}}</ref> Many of the local establishments are [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] and [[Igbo people|Igbo]] owned.<ref name="London's Little Lagos">{{cite news|url=http://www.theafricancourier.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=512:londons-little-lagos&catid=111:immigration&Itemid=775|title=London's Little Lagos|publisher=The African Courier|access-date=2011-12-08 | date=2011-01-06}}</ref> Nigerian [[church (building)|churches]] and [[mosques]] can be found in the area. As immigrants have become assimilated, [[English language|English]] has always been the predominant language of the local Nigerian British population as English is the main spoken language in Nigeria. The [[Yoruba language]] and the [[Igbo language]] are declining in use in the Peckham area despite the growing Nigerian population of [[Igbo people|Igbo]] and [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] descent.<ref name="Little Lagos"/> Outside London and [[South East England]], the 2001 census recorded the largest Nigerian-born communities in the [[East of England]] and the [[North West England|North West]].<ref name="Born abroad"/>


====[[London]]====
===Citizenship===
Below is a table showing how many Nigerians were granted [[British citizenship]] and the right of abode in the period 1998 to 2008.
London (in particular the [[South London|Southern Boroughs]]) is home to the largest Nigerian community in the UK, and possibly the largest overseas Nigerian community on the planet. The first Nigerians in London where those caught up in the [[slave trade]] over 200 years ago. In the mid [[1900's]] a wave of Nigerian immigrants came to London after hearing the need for more skilled workers, however civil and political unrest in the country meant that a large number of refugees arrived in the city.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/05/26/nigerian_london_feature.shtml Nigerian London]</ref>

'''[[Peckham]]''' (also known as ''Little Lagos'' and ''Yorubatown'') is home to one of the largest overseas Nigerian communities on the planet, many of the local establishments are Yoruba owned. Nigerian [[churches]] and [[mosques]] can be found in the area. The [[Yoruba language]] is said to be becoming less and less common in the Peckham area (with [[English language|English]] being the predominant language of the local Nigerian British population), despite the ever increasing Nigerian population.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4182341.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4182341.stm]</ref> In 2001, around 7% of Peckham's population was born in Nigeria,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/countries/html/nigeria.stm UK statistics on Nigerian-born people in Britain]</ref> although a large proportion of the wards 40% Black African population is of Nigerian descent.<ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6077579&c=Peckham&d=14&e=13&g=345427&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1221757936437&enc=1&dsFamilyId=47 Pecham Ethnicity, 2001]</ref>

====[[North West England]]====


{| class="wikitable"
'''[[Liverpool]]''', some Nigerians in Liverpool can trace their roots back ten generations, the city is home to the UK's oldest Black community, with the first Blacks arriving in Liverpool around [[1730]], similar to London, these where people caught up in the slave trade.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VkCBAAAACAAJ&dq=Black+Liverpool:+The+Early+History+of+Britain%27s+Oldest+Black+Community+1730-1918 Nigerians in Liverpool]</ref> It is unknown how many Nigerians now live in Liverpool, however according to 2006 estimates there are around 8,000 people in the city of Black African origin (not including via the Caribbean).<ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276787&c=Liverpool&d=13&e=13&g=359393&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1221826314961&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1809 Liverpool Ethnicity 2006]</ref>
|-
!
! Persons granted citizenship
|-
| 1998
| 3,550<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb699.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1998 |last=Chilton |first=Tony |author2=Kilsby, Peter |date=1999-04-20 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074532/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb699.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|-
| 1999
| 3,481<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb1000.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1999 |last=Kilsby |first=Peter |author2=McGregor, Rod |date=2000-06-08 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074625/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb1000.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|-
| 2000
| 5,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb901.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2000 |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Harvey, Paul |date=2001-05-31 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074623/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hosb901.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| 6,290<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb602.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2001 |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Hesketh, Krystina |date=2002-06-27 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074559/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb602.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|-
| 2002
| 6,480<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb903.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2002 |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Woollacott, Simon |date=2003-08-28 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712074627/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hosb903.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| 6,300<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/hosb0704.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2003 |last=Dudley |first=Jill |author2=Woollacott, Simon |date=2004-05-24 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326135704/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/hosb0704.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| 6,280<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hosb0805.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2004 |last=Woollacott |first=Simon |date=2005-05-17 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326135650/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hosb0805.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| 6,615<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/hosb0906.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2005 |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2006-05-23 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326135659/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/hosb0906.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| 5,875<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs07/hosb0807.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2006 |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2006-05-23 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324212128/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs07/hosb0807.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2009}}</ref>
|-
| 2007
| 6,030<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0508.pdf |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2007 |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2008-05-20 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122085138/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/hosb0508.pdf |archive-date=22 November 2009}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| 4,530<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0909.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20091112061134/http%3A//www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0909.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 November 2009 |title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2008 |last=Freelove Mensah |first=John |date=2008-05-20 |publisher=Home Office |access-date=2009-06-10}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| 6,955<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/immigration-asylum-research/hosb0910/hosb0910?view=Binary|title=Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2009|last=Danzelman|first=Philip|date=2010-05-27|publisher=Home Office|access-date=2010-06-10}}</ref>
|}


===Language===
'''[[Manchester]]'''
In England and Wales in 2011, 14,914 people (0.03% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 7,946 (0.01%) spoke Igbo and 6,639 (0.01%) spoke other Nigerian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/medialibrary/briefings/languagesspoken/figure%201%20language-diversity.xlsx|title=What languages are spoken in England and Wales?|publisher=ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)|first1=Deepthi|last1=Gopal|first2=Yaron|last2=Matras|date=October 2013|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521190956/http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/medialibrary/briefings/languagesspoken/figure%201%20language-diversity.xlsx|archive-date=21 May 2015|format=XLS}}</ref> In London, 10,119 people (0.13% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 5,252 (0.07%) people spoke Igbo and 3,577 (0.05%) spoke other Nigerian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/main-language-spoken-at-home-borough|title=Main Language Spoken at Home (Census), Borough|author=Office for National Statistics|publisher=Greater London Authority|date=1 March 2013|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref>


==Education==
====[[West Midlands]]====
According to the [[Institute for Public Policy Research]], Nigerian pupils are among best performing student groups in the United Kingdom. Taking data for only England, a 2013 IPPR survey reported that the proportion of British Nigerian pupils gaining 5 A*–C grades at [[GCSE]] (including Maths and English) in 2010–2011 was 21.8 percentage points higher than the England mean of 59.6 per cent. This average was calculated using student data, where available, from various [[Local government in England|local authorities]] in England.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jill|last=Rutter|title=Back to Basics: Towards a Successful and Cost-effective Integration Policy|url=http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/images/media/files/publication/2013/03/back-to-basics-integration_Mar2013_10525.pdf|publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research|date=March 2013|access-date=9 February 2015|page=43|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210001656/http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/images/media/files/publication/2013/03/back-to-basics-integration_Mar2013_10525.pdf#|archive-date=10 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The number of Nigerian pupils at [[Independent school (United Kingdom)|British private schools]] is growing. In November 2013, ''[[The Spectator]]'' noted that Nigerians, along with [[Russians in the United Kingdom|Russians]], "are now the fastest-growing population in British private schools".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/spectator-life/spectator-life-life/9085501/five-star-schools/|title=A British education has become a commodity bought by wealthy foreigners|first=Stephen|last=Robinson|work=The Spectator|date=30 November 2013|access-date=22 February 2015}}</ref> In 2013, the number of entrants to private schools from Nigeria increased by 16 per cent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/10624672/Bid-to-stop-private-schools-being-filled-by-rich-foreigners.html|title=Bid to stop private schools being 'filled by rich foreigners'|first=Graeme|last=Paton|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=8 February 2014|access-date=22 February 2015}}</ref>
'''[[Birmingham]]'''


According to [[Higher Education Statistics Agency]] data, 17,620 students from Nigeria were studying at British public [[higher education]] institutions in the academic year 2011–12. This made them the third largest country-of-origin group behind students from China and India. Of the 17,620, 6,500 were undergraduates, 9,620 taught postgraduates and 1,500 research postgraduates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://international.ac.uk/media/2416084/intfacts2013.pdf|title=International Higher Education in Facts and Figures|publisher=UK HE International Unit|date=Autumn 2013|access-date=2 February 2015|page=5}}</ref>
====[[Yorkshire]]====


Research by Euromonitor International for the [[British Council]] indicates that in 2010, the majority (66 per cent) of Nigerian foreign students attended universities in the UK. The students are mainly drawn to these institutions' English language academic system. Their time studying in Britain is also facilitated by an established and large Nigerian community and by "the relative proximity of the UK to Nigeria".<ref name="Tbotelfias">{{cite web|title=The Benefits of the English Language for Individuals and Societies: Quantitative Indicators from Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Pakistan|url=http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/Euromonitor%20Report%20A4.pdf|publisher=Euromonitor International for the British Council|access-date=3 January 2015}}</ref>
'''[[Leeds]]'''<br>


==Notable British Nigerians==
'''[[Sheffield]]'''


===Nigerian citizens of British descent===
====Elsewhere====
*[[Caroline Danjuma]], actress
*[[Eku Edewor]], actress
*[[Lola Maja]], makeup artist
*[[Nicholas Mostyn]], judge
*[[SHiiKANE]], [[girl group]]
*[[Remi Vaughan-Richards]], filmmaker


===British citizens of Nigerian descent===
'''[[Cardiff]]'''
*[[Charles Abani]], International development professional
*[[Tammy Abraham]], footballer
*[[Timmy Abraham]], footballer
*[[Dupsy Abiola]], entrepreneur
*[[Chioma Nnadi]], editor
*[[Faridah Àbíké-Íyímídé]], writer
*[[Alim Abubakre]], lecturer
*[[Chizzy Akudolu]], actress
*[[Fisayo Adarabioyo]], footballer
*[[Tosin Adarabioyo]], footballer
*[[Diran Adebayo]], novelist
*[[Dotun Adebayo]], journalist and presenter
*[[Elijah Adebayo]], footballer
*[[Cynthia Erivo]], actress
*[[Victor Adebowale|Victor, Lord Adebowale]], peer
*[[Adelayo Adedayo]], actress
*[[Amaka Okafor]], actress
*[[Adegbenga Adejumo]], dubstep musician known as Benga
*[[Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]], cleric, scholar and publisher
*[[Julie Adenuga]], radio presenter and host
*[[Gabriel Agbonlahor]], footballer
*[[Ola Aina]], footballer
*[[Kayode Ajulo]], lawyer and arbitrator
*[[Eniola Aluko]], footballer
*[[Sone Aluko]], footballer
*[[Tolu Akinyemi]] (Poetolu), writer
*[[Abimbola Afolami]], MP
*[[Kriss Akabusi]], athlete
*[[Moyo Akandé]], actress
*[[Adebayo Akinfenwa]], footballer
*[[Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje]], actor
*[[Dele Alli]], footballer
*[[John Amaechi]], basketball player and psychologist
*[[Sammy Ameobi]], footballer
*[[Shola Ameobi]], footballer
*Dame [[Elizabeth Anionwu]], nurse and professor of nursing<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rcni.com/nursing-standard/features/extraordinary-life-elizabeth-anionwu-65926|title=An extraordinary life: Elizabeth Anionwu|first=Thelma|last=Agnew|work=Nursing Standard|date=2 October 2016|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>
*[[Joe Aribo]], footballer
*[[OG Anunoby]], basketball player<ref>{{cite news|url=https://realsport101.com/nba-2k/og-anunobys-path-nba-exposes-failings-british-basketball/|title=OG Anunoby's path to the NBA exposes the failings in British basketball|date=7 April 2018|work=Real Sports|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>
*[[Matthew Ashimolowo]], clergyman
*[[Zach Awe]], footballer
*[[Richard Ayoade]], actor and comedian of Norwegian and Nigerian descent
*[[Femi Azeez]], footballer
*[[Miguel Azeez]], footballer
*[[Kemi Badenoch]], [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)]]
*[[Adejoké Bakare]], Michelin Star chef and restauranteur
*[[Ashley Madekwe]], actress
*[[Tunde Baiyewu]], singer
*Dame [[Shirley Bassey]], singer
*[[Rapman]], record producer
*[[Sara Forbes Bonetta]], [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] princess, goddaughter to [[Queen Victoria]]
*[[John Boyega]], actor
*[[TBJZL|Tobi Brown]], youtuber and member of the [[Sidemen (YouTube group)|Sidemen]]
*[[Caleb Chukwuemeka]], footballer
*[[Carney Chukwuemeka]], footballer
*[[Carlton Cole]], footballer of Nigerian and Sierra Leonean descent
*[[Tosin Cole]], actor
*[[Taio Cruz]], singer
*[[Dave (rapper)|Dave]], rapper
*[[Victoria Davies Randle]], Yoruba princess, goddaughter to Queen Victoria
*[[Fisayo Dele-Bashiru]], footballer
*[[Tom Dele-Bashiru]], footballer
*[[Sope Dirisu]], actor
*[[Dizzee Rascal]], grime artist
*[[Ugo Ehiogu]], footballer
*[[Chiwetel Ejiofor]], actor
*[[Carmen Ejogo]], actress
*[[Buchi Emecheta]], author
*[[Olaudah Equiano]], explorer, writer, merchant and abolitionist
*[[Florence Eshalomi]], MP
*[[Bernardine Evaristo]], author and [[Booker Prize]] winner
*[[Eberechi Eze]], footballer
*[[John Fashanu]], footballer
*[[Justin Fashanu]], footballer
*[[Helen Grant (politician)|Helen Grant]], MP
*[[Saffron Hocking]], actress
*[[Vick Hope]], television and radio presenter
*[[AJ Odudu]], television and radio presenter
*[[Anne-Marie Imafidon]], child prodigy
*[[Maro Itoje]], rugby union player
*[[Alex Iwobi]], footballer
*[[NneNne Iwuji-Eme]], Britain's first black female ambassador
*[[Jme (MC)|JME]], grime artist
*[[Hannah John-Kamen]], actor of Norwegian and Nigerian descent
*[[Anthony Joshua]], professional boxer
*[[Joe Joyce (boxer)|Joe Joyce]], professional boxer
*[[Cush Jumbo]], actress, writer
*[[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]], actor
*[[Eman Kellam]], television presenter and actor
*[[KSI]], YouTube personality, rapper and professional boxer
*[[Lemar]], singer
*[[Ademola Lookman]], footballer
*[[Archie Madekwe]], actor
*[[Noni Madueke]], footballer
*[[Chuku Modu]], actor
*[[Amina J. Mohammed]], Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2007-present
*[[Ugo Monye]], rugby player
*[[Victor Moses]], footballer
*[[Shola Mos-Shogbamimu]], lawyer, activist and political commentator
*[[Jamal Musiala]], footballer of British-Nigerian and German descent
*[[Mikel John Obi]], footballer
*[[Beno Obano]], rugby player
*[[Esther Odekunle]], [[neuroscience|neurobiologist]] and [[antibody]] engineer
*[[Chris Ofili]], artist
*[[Michelle Ogundehin]], television presenter
*[[Adebayo Ogunlesi]], investment banker
*[[Christine Ohuruogu]], athlete
*[[Victoria Ohuruogu]], track athlete
*[[Femi Oke]], journalist
*[[Kele Okereke]], musician
*[[Lawrence Okolie]], professional boxer
*[[Sophie Okonedo]], actress
*[[Arthur Okonkwo]], footballer
*[[Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs Deji|Deji Olatunji]], youtuber
*Sir [[Ken Olisa]], investment banker and businessman
*[[Michael Olise]], footballer
*[[Eunice Olumide]], broadcaster, actress, supermodel
*[[David Olusoga]], historian
*[[Fiona Onasanya]], MP
*[[Chi Onwurah]], MP
*[[Kate Osamor]], MP
*[[Martha Osamor|Martha, Baroness Osamor]], peer
*[[David Oyelowo]], actor
*[[Abiodun Oyepitan]], athlete
*[[Helen Oyeyemi]], writer
*[[Annie Yellowe Palma]], author<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/woman-pens-book-impact-being-13082644|title=Woman pens book about impact of being racially abused growing up in Northern Ireland|work=Belfast Live|date=28 May 2017|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>
*[[Hal Robson-Kanu]], footballer
*[[Sade (singer)|Sade]], singer
*[[Bukayo Saka]], footballer
*[[Seal (musician)|Seal]], singer
*[[Yinka Shonibare]], artist
*[[Skepta]], grime artist
*[[Death of Damilola Taylor|Damilola Taylor]], murder victim
*[[Tinie Tempah]], grime artist
*[[Daley Thompson]], Olympian
*[[Chuka Umunna]], MP
*[[Reece Wabara]], footballer and businessman
*[[Ashleigh Plumptre]],footballer


==See also==
== Famous Nigerian Britons ==
{{Portal|Nigeria|United Kingdom}}
{{main|List of Nigerian Britons}}
* [[Foreign relations of Nigeria|Nigeria–United Kingdom relations]]
* [[Nigerian Australian]]
* [[Nigerian American]]
* [[Nigerian Canadian]]
* [[Nigerians in Ireland]]
* [[Black British people]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
==External links==
* [http://www.voiceofafricaradio.com Voice of Africa Radio]
* [https://www.canukonline.com/ Central Association of Nigerians in the UK (CAN-UK)]
* [http://www.waba.co.uk West African Business Association]
* [http://icsn.co.uk/ Igbo Cultural & Support Network]


{{Nigerian diaspora}}
{{Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom}}
{{AfricansinUK}}


[[Category:African diaspora]]
[[Category:British diaspora in Nigeria| ]]
[[Category:British people of Nigerian descent| Nigerian British]]
[[Category:African diaspora in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Nigerian diaspora]]
[[Category:People of Nigerian descent| Nigerian British]]
[[Category:Nigerian expatriates in the United Kingdom| ]]
[[Category:Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin|Nigeria]]

Latest revision as of 16:50, 28 November 2024

British Nigerians
Total population
United Kingdom Nigerian-born residents in the United Kingdom: 293,609 – 0.4%
(2021/22 Census)[note 1]
 England: 266,877– 0.5% (2021)[1]
 Scotland: 21,286 – 0.4% (2022)[2]
 Wales: 3,891 – 0.1% (2021)[1]
Northern Ireland: 1,555 – 0.08% (2021)[3]
Nigerian citizens/passports held:
117,638 (England and Wales only, 2021)[4]
Ethnic Nigerians:
271,390 (England and Wales only, 2021)[5]
Regions with significant populations
Throughout the United Kingdom
In particular Greater London, South East England, East of England, North West England
Languages
Predominantly
English (British, Nigerian, Pidgin), Yoruba and Igbo
Others
Nigerian languages
Religion
Predominantly Christianity, minority Sunni Islam, traditional religions
Related ethnic groups
Nigerian Canadians, Nigerian Americans, Nigerian Australians
  1. ^ Does not include Nigerians born in the United Kingdom or those with Nigerian ancestry
Part of a series on
British people
United Kingdom
Eastern European
Northern European
Southern European
Western European
Central Asian
East Asian
South Asian
Southeast Asian
West Asian
African and Afro-Caribbean
Northern American
South American
Oceanian

British Nigerians (here meaning British people of Nigerian descent[6][7] rather than Nigerians of British descent) have formed long-established communities in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendants in Britain live in South London, and they are one of the larger immigrant groups in the country.[8]

History

[edit]

Nigerians have formed long-established communities in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities. The earliest known Nigerian presence in London took place over 200 years ago as a direct result of the transatlantic slave trade. Olaudah Equiano, born in what is now Nigeria and a former slave, lived in London and was involved in the debate that occurred in Britain over the abolition of the slave trade.[9]

Like many other former British colonies, Nigeria has been a large source of immigrants to the United Kingdom. Prior to Nigerian independence from Britain, gained in 1960, many Nigerians studied in the UK along with other countries such as Australia and the United States; with the majority returning to Nigeria upon completion of their higher education.[10][11] In the 1960s, civil and political unrest in Nigeria contributed to many refugees migrating to Britain, along with skilled workers.[9]

Nigerians emigrated in larger numbers in the 1980s, following the collapse of the petroleum boom.[10] This wave of migration has been more permanent than the pre-independence wave of temporary migration.[10] Asylum applications from Nigerians peaked in 1995, when the repression associated with the military dictatorship of Sani Abacha was at its height.[10]

In 2015, Britain's Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner expressed concerns about the extent of contemporary slavery involving Nigerians smuggled to the UK. Of more than 2,000 potential victims of human trafficking referred to the National Crime Agency in 2014, 244 were from Nigeria. This represented a 31 per cent increase on 2013's figure. According to the BBC, "Campaigners believe the real figure of potential trafficking victims from Nigeria could be much higher".[12]

Demographics

[edit]

Population

[edit]
Nigerian-born population by region and country
Region / Country Population % Largest community
England 266,877 0.47% —
Greater London 117,145 1.33% Greenwich – 14,357 (5.0%)
South East 32,468 0.35% Medway – 3,993 (1.4%)
North West 29,092 0.39% Manchester – 10,329 (1.9%)
East of England 27,913 0.44% Colchester – 1,346 (0.7%)
West Midlands 19,911 0.33% Birmingham – 5,946 (0.5%)
East Midlands 13,902 0.28% Nottingham – 3,442 (1.1%)
Yorkshire and The Humber 12,454 0.23% Leeds – 3,415 (0.4%)
South West 7,691 0.13% Bristol – 1,431 (0.3%)
North East 6,301 0.24% Newcastle – 2,082 (0.7%)
Scotland 21,286 0.39% Aberdeen – 5,662 (2.5%)
Wales 3,891 0.13% Cardiff – 1,366 (0.4%)
Northern Ireland 1,555 0.08% Belfast – 862 (0.2%)
Figures based on the 2021 United Kingdom Census[1][2][3]

The 2001 UK Census recorded 88,378 Nigerian-born people resident in the UK.[13] The 2011 Census recorded 191,183 Nigerian-born residents in England and Wales.[14] The censuses of Scotland and Northern Ireland recorded 9,458 and 543 Nigerian-born residents respectively.[15][16] More recent estimates by the Office for National Statistics put the figure at 215,000 in 2019.[17]

A Council of Europe report gives a figure of 100,000 Nigerians in the UK but suggests that this is likely to be an underestimate since it does not include irregular migrants or children born outside of Nigeria. Similarly, Nigerians with citizenship of another EU member state who then relocated to the UK are not necessarily included in this estimate. The report suggests to multiply the figure by between 3 and 8 to reflect the size of the Nigerian community in the UK.[18]

Distribution

[edit]

The UK's largest concentration of Nigerians is found in the capital city, London. The 2001 census found that Peckham was the home to the largest overseas Nigerian community in the UK, with 7% of the population of the Peckham census tract having been born in Nigeria.[19] Many of the local establishments are Yoruba and Igbo owned.[20] Nigerian churches and mosques can be found in the area. As immigrants have become assimilated, English has always been the predominant language of the local Nigerian British population as English is the main spoken language in Nigeria. The Yoruba language and the Igbo language are declining in use in the Peckham area despite the growing Nigerian population of Igbo and Yoruba descent.[8] Outside London and South East England, the 2001 census recorded the largest Nigerian-born communities in the East of England and the North West.[19]

Citizenship

[edit]

Below is a table showing how many Nigerians were granted British citizenship and the right of abode in the period 1998 to 2008.

Persons granted citizenship
1998 3,550[21]
1999 3,481[22]
2000 5,594[23]
2001 6,290[24]
2002 6,480[25]
2003 6,300[26]
2004 6,280[27]
2005 6,615[28]
2006 5,875[29]
2007 6,030[30]
2008 4,530[31]
2009 6,955[32]

Language

[edit]

In England and Wales in 2011, 14,914 people (0.03% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 7,946 (0.01%) spoke Igbo and 6,639 (0.01%) spoke other Nigerian languages.[33] In London, 10,119 people (0.13% of all residents aged three and over) spoke Yoruba as a main language, 5,252 (0.07%) people spoke Igbo and 3,577 (0.05%) spoke other Nigerian languages.[34]

Education

[edit]

According to the Institute for Public Policy Research, Nigerian pupils are among best performing student groups in the United Kingdom. Taking data for only England, a 2013 IPPR survey reported that the proportion of British Nigerian pupils gaining 5 A*–C grades at GCSE (including Maths and English) in 2010–2011 was 21.8 percentage points higher than the England mean of 59.6 per cent. This average was calculated using student data, where available, from various local authorities in England.[35]

The number of Nigerian pupils at British private schools is growing. In November 2013, The Spectator noted that Nigerians, along with Russians, "are now the fastest-growing population in British private schools".[36] In 2013, the number of entrants to private schools from Nigeria increased by 16 per cent.[37]

According to Higher Education Statistics Agency data, 17,620 students from Nigeria were studying at British public higher education institutions in the academic year 2011–12. This made them the third largest country-of-origin group behind students from China and India. Of the 17,620, 6,500 were undergraduates, 9,620 taught postgraduates and 1,500 research postgraduates.[38]

Research by Euromonitor International for the British Council indicates that in 2010, the majority (66 per cent) of Nigerian foreign students attended universities in the UK. The students are mainly drawn to these institutions' English language academic system. Their time studying in Britain is also facilitated by an established and large Nigerian community and by "the relative proximity of the UK to Nigeria".[39]

Notable British Nigerians

[edit]

Nigerian citizens of British descent

[edit]

British citizens of Nigerian descent

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "TS012: Country of birth (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals". National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 24 May 2024. '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'
  3. ^ a b "MS-A17: Country of birth - intermediate detail". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 22 September 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  4. ^ "TS013: Passports held (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  5. ^ "TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  6. ^ Temko, Ned (14 May 2006). "'Think Jamaica is bad? Try Nigeria...': How Diane Abbott enraged a community". The Observer. London. p. 21. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  7. ^ Davies, Christie (12 December 2006). "No apology for slavery – no deep sorrow: Christie Davies explains why apologies for centuries-old wrongs are not in order". Social Affairs Unit. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  8. ^ a b White, Robin (25 January 2005). "Little Lagos in south London". BBC News. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  9. ^ a b "Nigerian London". BBC London. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  10. ^ a b c d Change Institute (April 2009). "The Nigerian Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities" (PDF). London: Communities and Local Government. pp. 23–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  11. ^ "Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant". Washington: Migration Information Source. June 2010. p. 1. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  12. ^ Kotecha, Sima (17 June 2015). "Nigerian trafficking 'top priority', commissioner says". BBC News. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  13. ^ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
  14. ^ "2011 Census: QS203EW Country of birth (detailed), local authorities in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  15. ^ "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  16. ^ "Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  17. ^ "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2019 to December 2019". Office for National Statistics. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals.
  18. ^ "Immigration from sub-Saharan Africa". Report, Committee on Migration, Refugees and Population, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Doc. 11526. 11 February 2008. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
  19. ^ a b "Born abroad: Nigeria". BBC News. 7 September 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
  20. ^ "London's Little Lagos". The African Courier. 6 January 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  21. ^ Chilton, Tony; Kilsby, Peter (20 April 1999). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1998" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  22. ^ Kilsby, Peter; McGregor, Rod (8 June 2000). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 1999" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  23. ^ Dudley, Jill; Harvey, Paul (31 May 2001). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2000" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  24. ^ Dudley, Jill; Hesketh, Krystina (27 June 2002). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2001" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  25. ^ Dudley, Jill; Woollacott, Simon (28 August 2003). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2002" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  26. ^ Dudley, Jill; Woollacott, Simon (24 May 2004). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2003" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  27. ^ Woollacott, Simon (17 May 2005). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2004" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  28. ^ Freelove Mensah, John (23 May 2006). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2005" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  29. ^ Freelove Mensah, John (23 May 2006). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2006" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  30. ^ Freelove Mensah, John (20 May 2008). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2007" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  31. ^ Freelove Mensah, John (20 May 2008). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2008" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  32. ^ Danzelman, Philip (27 May 2010). "Persons Granted British Citizenship, United Kingdom, 2009". Home Office. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  33. ^ Gopal, Deepthi; Matras, Yaron (October 2013). "What languages are spoken in England and Wales?". ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE). Archived from the original (XLS) on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  34. ^ Office for National Statistics (1 March 2013). "Main Language Spoken at Home (Census), Borough". Greater London Authority. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  35. ^ Rutter, Jill (March 2013). "Back to Basics: Towards a Successful and Cost-effective Integration Policy" (PDF). Institute for Public Policy Research. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  36. ^ Robinson, Stephen (30 November 2013). "A British education has become a commodity bought by wealthy foreigners". The Spectator. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  37. ^ Paton, Graeme (8 February 2014). "Bid to stop private schools being 'filled by rich foreigners'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  38. ^ "International Higher Education in Facts and Figures" (PDF). UK HE International Unit. Autumn 2013. p. 5. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  39. ^ "The Benefits of the English Language for Individuals and Societies: Quantitative Indicators from Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Pakistan" (PDF). Euromonitor International for the British Council. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  40. ^ Agnew, Thelma (2 October 2016). "An extraordinary life: Elizabeth Anionwu". Nursing Standard. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  41. ^ "OG Anunoby's path to the NBA exposes the failings in British basketball". Real Sports. 7 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  42. ^ "Woman pens book about impact of being racially abused growing up in Northern Ireland". Belfast Live. 28 May 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
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