Sansepolcro: Difference between revisions
BryonyJean (talk | contribs) →History: Note regarding the WW2 - the town avoided major damage because of the presence of its famous painting The Resurrection. |
m Add link to De prospectiva pingendi |
||
| (132 intermediate revisions by 88 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{other uses|Holy Sepulchre (disambiguation)}} |
|||
{{Infobox CityIT | |
|||
{{Infobox Italian comune |
|||
img_coa = Sansepolcro-Stemma.gif| |
|||
| name = Sansepolcro |
|||
| official_name = Città di Sansepolcro |
|||
region = [[Tuscany]] | |
|||
| native_name = |
|||
province = [[Province of Arezzo|Arezzo]] (AR) | |
|||
| image_skyline = Sansepolcro veduta aerea.jpg |
|||
elevation_m = 330| |
|||
| imagesize = |
|||
area_total_km2 = 91.48| |
|||
| image_alt = |
|||
population_as_of = [[December 31]], [[2004]]| |
|||
| image_caption = Aerial view of Sansepolcro. |
|||
population_total = 15923| |
|||
| image_shield = |
|||
population_density_km2 = 172| |
|||
| shield_alt = |
|||
timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]], [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1 | |
|||
| image_map = |
|||
coordinates = {{coor dm|43|34|N|12|09|E}}| |
|||
| map_alt = |
|||
frazioni = Aboca, Gragnano, Gricignano, Melello, Montagna, Santa Fiora | |
|||
| map_caption = |
|||
| pushpin_label_position = |
|||
postalcode = 52037| |
|||
| pushpin_map_alt = |
|||
| coordinates = {{coord|43|34|15|N|12|08|25|E|display=inline,title}} |
|||
saint = [[St. John the Evangelist]]| |
|||
| coordinates_footnotes = |
|||
day = [[December 27]]| |
|||
| region = [[Tuscany]] |
|||
| province = [[Province of Arezzo|Arezzo]] (AR) |
|||
website = [http://www.sansepolcro.net www.sansepolcro.net] | |
|||
| frazioni = Aboca, Gragnano, Gricignano, Melello, Montagna, Santa Fiora |
|||
}}'''Sansepolcro''' (former '''Borgo Santo Sepolcro'''), is a town and commune in [[Tuscany]], [[Italy]], in the [[province of Arezzo]]. |
|||
| mayor_party = |
|||
| mayor = Fabrizio Innocenti |
|||
| area_footnotes = |
|||
| area_total_km2 = 91.48 |
|||
| population_footnotes = |
|||
| population_total = 16012 |
|||
| population_as_of = 31 December 2014 |
|||
| pop_density_footnotes = |
|||
| population_demonym = Biturgensi - Borghesi |
|||
| elevation_footnotes = |
|||
| elevation_m = 330 |
|||
| twin1 = |
|||
| twin1_country = |
|||
|istat=| saint = [[St. John the Evangelist]] |
|||
| day = December 27 |
|||
| postal_code = 52037 |
|||
| area_code = 0575 |
|||
| website = [http://www.comune.sansepolcro.ar.it www.comune.sansepolcro.ar.it] |
|||
| footnotes = |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Sansepolcro''', formerly '''Borgo Santo Sepolcro''', is a town and ''[[comune]]'' founded in the 11th century, located in the Italian [[Province of Arezzo]] in the eastern part of the region of [[Tuscany]]. |
|||
Situated on the [[Tiber]] river, |
Situated on the upper reaches of the [[Tiber]] river, the town is the birthplace of the painters [[Piero della Francesca]], [[Raffaellino del Colle]] (a pupil of [[Raphael]]), [[Matteo di Giovanni]], [[Santi di Tito]], and [[Angiolo Tricca]]. It was also the birthplace of the Italian mathematician [[Luca Pacioli]], and of Matteo Cioni, who translated Piero della Francesca's treatise about perspective in painting (''[[De prospectiva pingendi]]'') into Latin. |
||
Today, the economy of the town is based on agriculture, industrial manufacturing, [[food processing]] and pharmaceuticals. It is the home of [[Buitoni]] pasta, founded by Giulia Buitoni in 1827. |
|||
==History== |
==History== |
||
According to tradition the founding of the town came about through two 9th-century pilgrims to the [[Holy Land]], Arcanus and Giles. They returned to the region and built a chapel dedicated to [[Saint Leonard]], where they established a monastic way of life. The ruins of the chapel were built upon in the construction of the current [[Cathedral of Sansepolcro]]. |
|||
[[Image:Sansepolcro veduta aerea.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Aerial view of Sansepolcro]] |
|||
According to the tradition, the town was founded around 1000 AD by two pilgrims (Arcanus and Aegidius), who founded here an oratory (where now is the Cathedral) during their homecoming from the [[Holy Land]]. First historical mentions are slightly later, referring the the [[Benedictine]] Abbey built in that period. The historical centre Sansepolcro reached its current size around 1400, and in 1500 received its walls by [[Giuliano da Sangallo]]. The city was ruled by the [[Duchy of Milan|Milan]], the [[Malatesta]] Family, and then by [[Florence]]. |
|||
They had brought a stone from the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in [[Jerusalem]] (thus, ''San Sepolcro'') with them from that shrine. It was installed in the monastery and was the origin of its name. It became a popular [[pilgrimage]] site. The church was raised to the rank of [[Benedictine]] [[Sansepolcro Abbey|Abbey of Sansepolcro]] (the ''Badia''). The monastery was declared an [[abbey nullius]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unseentuscany.com/sansepolcro-guide/|work=Unseen Tuscany|title=Arezzo: Sansepulcro Guide|date=13 February 2015}}</ref> |
|||
Sansepolcro escaped artillery fire during World War 2 because the British captain charged with the task had read the essay by Aldous Huxley which described The Resurrection by Piero Della Francesca housed in the Museo Civico as "the greatest painting in the world". Captain Antony Clarke had never seen the painting but at the last moment (shelling had already begun)remembered where he had heard of Sansepolcro and ordered his men to stop. A message receieved later informed them that the Germans had already retreated from the area - the bombardment hadn't been necessary and the town, along with its famous painting survived. |
|||
The first historical mentions of Sansepolcro date to 1012, referring to the construction of the monastery, around which a [[Medieval commune|commune]] began to develop. The settlement was declared a [[market town]] by the Emperor [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://villainumbria.me/2015/03/03/visiting-sansepolcro-and-anghiari-in-tuscany/|work=Villa in Umbria Blog|title=Visiting Sansepolcro and Anghiari in Tuscany|date=23 January 2023 }}</ref> The abbey chose to affiliate with the [[monk]]s of the [[Camaldolese Order]], based in the area, in the following century. During the conflicts between the [[Guelfs and Ghibellines]], the town's factions were headed by prominent local families, including the Pichi, Bercordati, Graziani and Bacci.<ref>Marilyn Aronberg Lavin, ''Piero della Francesca'' 2002:14.</ref> |
|||
==Diocese== |
|||
{{main|Diocese of Sansepolcro}} |
|||
Due to its central location on the local trade routes, in the 13th century control of the town was contested and seized by various forces of the region, passing from [[Uguccione della Faggiola]], Lord of [[Pisa]], to [[Guido Tarlati]], [[Bishop of Arezzo]], and his brother, [[Pier Saccone Tarlati di Pietramala]], who ruled it from [[Città di Castello]]. |
|||
A [[Roman Catholic]] [[diocese]] was erected here in 1515<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02686b.htm Borgo San-Sepolcro] - [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] article</ref>. It was united in 1986 into the [[diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro]].<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ds201.html Diocese of Sansepolcro (Borgo San Sepolcro)] - [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/ catholic-hierarchy.org]</ref> |
|||
It last came under control of the [[Papal States]]. The local dialect derives from those of the Citta' di Castello and later of the Casentino valley. In 1367 [[Pope Urban V]] gave the town and its surrounding ''contrada'' to the [[Galeotto I Malatesta|Malatesta]] family, [[House of Malatesta|whose heirs]] ruled it until control was assumed by the [[Republic of Florence]] in the 15th century with the approval of [[Pope Eugene IV]]. It was raised to the rank of a city a century later by [[Pope Leo X]]. |
|||
During [[World War II]], the town was saved from destruction by the efforts of Tony Clarke, a British [[Royal Horse Artillery]] officer who halted the Allied artillery attack in order to save Piero della Francesca's fresco [[Resurrection (Piero della Francesca)|''Resurrection'']].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16306893|title = The man who saved the Resurrection|work = BBC News|date = 24 December 2011}}</ref> |
|||
==Main sights== |
==Main sights== |
||
[[Aldous Huxley]] described the ''[[resurrection (Piero della Francesca)|Resurrection]]'' by [[Piero della Francesca]] which is in the Museo Civico as "the greatest painting in the world". It also houses other work by [[Piero della Francesca]] and by [[Santi di Tito]], [[Raffaellino del Colle]] and [[Luca Signorelli]]. |
|||
The main church is the [[Sansepolcro Cathedral|Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist]] built in Gothic-Romanesque style in 1012–49. Other churches of note are [[San Francesco, Sansepolcro|San Francesco]] and [[San Lorenzo, Sansepolcro|San Lorenzo]]. The latter church has a ''Deposition'' by [[Rosso Fiorentino]]. |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
The English writer [[Aldous Huxley]] described the ''[[resurrection (Piero della Francesca)|Resurrection]]'' by [[Piero della Francesca]], which is in the Museo Civico, as "the greatest painting in the world".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Huxley |first=Aldous |title=Along the Road: Notes and Essays of a Tourist |publisher=Chatto & Windus |year=1925 |location=London}}</ref> The museum collection includes three other works by [[Piero della Francesca]] and many other treasures including paintings by [[Santi di Tito]], [[Raffaellino del Colle]] and [[Luca Signorelli]]. |
|||
==Sister cities== |
|||
*{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Neuchâtel]], [[Switzerland]] |
|||
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Neuves-Maisons]], [[France]] |
|||
*{{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Sinj]], [[Croatia]] |
|||
==See also== |
|||
{{commons|Category:Sansepolcro}} |
|||
* [[Convento di Montecasale]] |
|||
==External links== |
|||
* [[Diocese of Sansepolcro]] |
|||
*[http://www.sansepolcro.net/ Official website] |
|||
* [[Eduino Francini]] |
|||
*[http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Italian%20Images/Montages/Other%20Tuscan%20Towns/Sansepolcro.htm Sansepolcro and the Piero della Francesca Trail (with lunch)] |
|||
* ''[[St. Quentin (Pontormo)]]'' |
|||
<br> |
|||
* [[Teatro Dante (Sansepolcro)|Teatro Dante]] |
|||
{{Tuscany-geo-stub}} |
|||
<BR> |
|||
{{Province of Arezzo}} |
|||
<BR> |
|||
==International relations== |
|||
[[category:Cities and towns in Tuscany]] |
|||
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}} |
|||
[[category:Cathedrals in Italy]] |
|||
[[category:11th century establishments]] |
|||
===Sister cities=== |
|||
Sansepolcro is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with: |
|||
* {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Neuchâtel]], [[Switzerland]] |
|||
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Neuves-Maisons]], [[France]] |
|||
* {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Sinj]], [[Croatia]] |
|||
==Notes== |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
{{Commons category|Sansepolcro}} |
|||
{{Province of Arezzo}} |
|||
{{authority control}} |
|||
[[ |
[[Category:Sansepolcro| ]] |
||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Tuscany]] |
|||
[[eo:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[Category:11th-century establishments in Italy]] |
|||
[[fr:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[Category:Populated places established in the 11th century]] |
|||
[[is:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[it:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[nl:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[ja:サンセポルクロ]] |
|||
[[nap:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[no:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[pms:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[pl:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[pt:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[vec:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
[[vo:Sansepolcro]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 15:32, 29 December 2024
Sansepolcro | |
|---|---|
| Città di Sansepolcro | |
 Aerial view of Sansepolcro. | |
Location of Sansepolcro  | |
  Sansepolcro Location of Sansepolcro in Italy  Sansepolcro Sansepolcro (Tuscany) | |
| Coordinates: 43°34′15″N 12°08′25″E / 43.57083°N 12.14028°E | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Tuscany |
| Province | Arezzo (AR) |
| Frazioni | Aboca, Gragnano, Gricignano, Melello, Montagna, Santa Fiora |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Fabrizio Innocenti |
| Area | |
• Total | 91.48 km2 (35.32 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 330 m (1,080 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2014)[2] | |
• Total | 16,012 |
| • Density | 180/km2 (450/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Biturgensi - Borghesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 52037 |
| Dialing code | 0575 |
| Patron saint | St. John the Evangelist |
| Saint day | December 27 |
| Website | www.comune.sansepolcro.ar.it |
Sansepolcro, formerly Borgo Santo Sepolcro, is a town and comune founded in the 11th century, located in the Italian Province of Arezzo in the eastern part of the region of Tuscany.
Situated on the upper reaches of the Tiber river, the town is the birthplace of the painters Piero della Francesca, Raffaellino del Colle (a pupil of Raphael), Matteo di Giovanni, Santi di Tito, and Angiolo Tricca. It was also the birthplace of the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli, and of Matteo Cioni, who translated Piero della Francesca's treatise about perspective in painting (De prospectiva pingendi) into Latin.
Today, the economy of the town is based on agriculture, industrial manufacturing, food processing and pharmaceuticals. It is the home of Buitoni pasta, founded by Giulia Buitoni in 1827.
History
[edit]According to tradition the founding of the town came about through two 9th-century pilgrims to the Holy Land, Arcanus and Giles. They returned to the region and built a chapel dedicated to Saint Leonard, where they established a monastic way of life. The ruins of the chapel were built upon in the construction of the current Cathedral of Sansepolcro.
They had brought a stone from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem (thus, San Sepolcro) with them from that shrine. It was installed in the monastery and was the origin of its name. It became a popular pilgrimage site. The church was raised to the rank of Benedictine Abbey of Sansepolcro (the Badia). The monastery was declared an abbey nullius.[3]
The first historical mentions of Sansepolcro date to 1012, referring to the construction of the monastery, around which a commune began to develop. The settlement was declared a market town by the Emperor Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.[4] The abbey chose to affiliate with the monks of the Camaldolese Order, based in the area, in the following century. During the conflicts between the Guelfs and Ghibellines, the town's factions were headed by prominent local families, including the Pichi, Bercordati, Graziani and Bacci.[5]
Due to its central location on the local trade routes, in the 13th century control of the town was contested and seized by various forces of the region, passing from Uguccione della Faggiola, Lord of Pisa, to Guido Tarlati, Bishop of Arezzo, and his brother, Pier Saccone Tarlati di Pietramala, who ruled it from Città di Castello.
It last came under control of the Papal States. The local dialect derives from those of the Citta' di Castello and later of the Casentino valley. In 1367 Pope Urban V gave the town and its surrounding contrada to the Malatesta family, whose heirs ruled it until control was assumed by the Republic of Florence in the 15th century with the approval of Pope Eugene IV. It was raised to the rank of a city a century later by Pope Leo X.
During World War II, the town was saved from destruction by the efforts of Tony Clarke, a British Royal Horse Artillery officer who halted the Allied artillery attack in order to save Piero della Francesca's fresco Resurrection.[6]
Main sights
[edit]The main church is the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist built in Gothic-Romanesque style in 1012–49. Other churches of note are San Francesco and San Lorenzo. The latter church has a Deposition by Rosso Fiorentino.
The English writer Aldous Huxley described the Resurrection by Piero della Francesca, which is in the Museo Civico, as "the greatest painting in the world".[7] The museum collection includes three other works by Piero della Francesca and many other treasures including paintings by Santi di Tito, Raffaellino del Colle and Luca Signorelli.
See also
[edit]International relations
[edit]Sister cities
[edit]Sansepolcro is twinned with:
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Arezzo: Sansepulcro Guide". Unseen Tuscany. 13 February 2015.
- ^ "Visiting Sansepolcro and Anghiari in Tuscany". Villa in Umbria Blog. 23 January 2023.
- ^ Marilyn Aronberg Lavin, Piero della Francesca 2002:14.
- ^ "The man who saved the Resurrection". BBC News. 24 December 2011.
- ^ Huxley, Aldous (1925). Along the Road: Notes and Essays of a Tourist. London: Chatto & Windus.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
