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Coordinates: 52°2′N 15°6′E / 52.033°N 15.100°E / 52.033; 15.100
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:''Not to be confused with [[Krosno]] in the [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]''
{{distinguish|text=[[Krosno]] in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}

{{Infobox Settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Krosno Odrzańskie
| name = Krosno Odrzańskie
| image_skyline = Poland Krosno Odrzanskie - church.jpg
| image_skyline = Krosno Odrzańskie - Fara Maryjna 1.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Parish Church (''Fara'')
| image_caption = Parish church
| image_shield = POL Krosno Odrzańskie COA.svg
| image_shield = POL Krosno Odrzańskie COA.svg
| image_flag = POL Krosno Odrzańskie flag.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = right
⚫
| pushpin_label = Krosno Odrzańskie
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lubusz Voivodeship|Lubusz]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lubusz Voivodeship|name=Lubusz}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of Polish counties|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krosno Odrzańskie County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krosno Odrzańskie County|Krosno Odrzańskie]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie|Krosno Odrzańskie]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Andrzej Chinalski
| leader_name = Marek Cebula
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = before [[1238]]
| established_date3 = before 1238
| elevation_min_m = 38
| elevation_min_m = 38
| elevation_max_m = 85
| elevation_max_m = 85
| area_total_km2 = 8.11
| area_total_km2 = 8.11
| population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_total = 12100
| population_total = 11319
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
Line 31: Line 33:
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|52|2|N|15|6|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| latd = 52
| latm = 2
| lats =
| latNS = N
| longd = 15
| longm = 6
| longs =
| longEW = E
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 66-600 to 66-603
| postal_code = 66-600 to 66-603
Line 44: Line 39:
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = FKR
| blank_info = FKR
| website = http://www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl }}
| website = {{URL|https://www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl/}}
}}
'''Krosno Odrzańskie''' [{{IPA-pl|'|k|r|o|s|n|o|-|o|'|d|ż|a|ń|s|k|j|e}}] ({{lang-de|Crossen an der Oder}}) is a city on the east bank of [[Oder]] River, at the confluence with [[Bober]]. The town in Western [[Poland]] with 12,500 inhabitants (2002) is the capital of [[Krosno Odrzańskie County|Krosno County]]. It is assigned to the [[Lubusz Voivodeship]] (since 1999), previously part of [[Zielona Góra Voivodeship]] (1975-1998).
'''Krosno Odrzańskie''' {{IPAc-pl|'|k|r|o|s|n|o|-|o|'|d|ż|a|ń|s|k|J|e}} ({{langx|de|Crossen an der Oder}}) is a town in [[Lubusz Voivodeship]] in western [[Poland]], on the east bank of [[Oder]] River, at the confluence with the [[Bóbr]]. With 11,319 inhabitants (2019) it is the capital of [[Krosno County, Lubusz Voivodeship|Krosno County]].


== History ==
==History==
[[File:Krosno Odrzańskie. Zamek 10.jpg|thumb|left|Piast Castle]]
The town was first mentioned as ''Crosno'' in 1005 and received its [[town charter]] in 1201. Due to its important strategic location, it played an important role in the western borders of Poland and Germany during the 11th to 13th centuries. A stone castle was built by the [[Silesian Piasts]] in the 13th century. The duchess of Silesia, [[Hedwig of Andechs]], took refuge in it during the [[Mongol invasion of Europe]]. The town changed hands several times; once it was given as payment to soldiers of the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]].
The town was first mentioned as ''Crosno'' in 1005,<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Crossen |volume=7 |pages=509–510}}</ref> when Duke [[Bolesław I Chrobry]] of Poland had a fortress built here in the course of his armed conflict with Emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] and the West Slavic [[Veleti]] confederation. Due to its strategic location as a point of passage across the Oder,<ref name=EB1911/> it played an important role at the western border of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Polish kingdom]] with the [[Holy Roman Empire]] during the 11th to 13th centuries. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland, in 1163 Krosno was part of the [[Duchy of Silesia]] ruled by [[Bolesław I the Tall]] of the [[Silesian Piasts]]. In 1201 it received its [[town charter]] by Bolesław's son Duke [[Henry I the Bearded]]. Henry erected a stone castle at Krosno, where he died in 1238 and where his widow, [[Hedwig of Andechs]], took refuge during the 1241 [[first Mongol invasion of Poland]]. When the Duchy of Wrocław was finally divided in 1251, the town became part of the newly created [[Duchy of Głogów]] under [[Konrad I, Duke of Głogów|Konrad I]].


The town changed hands several times; once it was given as payment to soldiers of the [[House of Ascania|Ascanian]] margraves of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]]. When the last Piast duke [[Henry XI of Głogów]] died without issue in 1476, his widow [[Barbara of Brandenburg (1464–1515)|Barbara of Brandenburg]], daughter of Elector [[Albrecht III, Elector of Brandenburg|Albert Achilles of Brandenburg]], inherited the territory of Krosno. The Brandenburg influence met with fierce opposition by Henry's cousin Duke [[Jan II the Mad]] of [[Żagań]], who devastated Krosno but in 1482 had to sign an agreement with Albert Achilles, who was able to retain the Krosno (''Crossen'') area. As a former part of the Duchy of Głogów it officially remained a [[lien]] of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian kingdom]] until in 1538 King [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I of Habsburg]], renounced all rights to ''Crossen'' in 1538, thereby finalizing the district's belonging to the [[Neumark]] region of the Brandenburg margraviate.
[[Image:Crossenoder1900.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Crossen a. d. Oder in [[1900]]]]


[[File:Crossen a. d. Oder, Ostbrandenburg - Stadtgraben (Zeno Ansichtskarten).jpg|thumb|left|Postcard from 1918]]
When the Silesian [[Henry of Głogów]] of the [[Silesian Piasts]] died in 1476, his widow [[Barbara von Brandenburg]], daughter of [[Albert Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg]], inherited the territory of Crossen. The area was part of a [[Bohemia]]n [[lien]] in 1482. Several claims ended when [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]], renounced all rights to ''Crossen'' in 1538, thereby finalizing the district's belonging to the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
With Brandenburg, Crossen became part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1701. In reforms after the [[Napoleonic Wars]], the town became part of the [[Province of Brandenburg]] in 1815 and was the seat of Landkreis Crossen as part of [[Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt]]. As a result of the [[Unification of Germany]], it became part of the [[German Empire]] in 1871. In May 1886 the town was devastated by a whirlwind.<ref name=EB1911/>


In 1945 during [[World War II]], the town was conquered by the Soviet [[Red Army]]. After Germany's defeat in the war, the town once again became part of Poland. Already in March 1945 the town was claimed by the Polish state, with the assignment of the town being switched back and forth between Western Pomerania and Lower Silesia several times. On May 2, a group of Polish communists from [[Poznań]] arrived to assume administration of the town. The situation complicated when another group with 66 members arrived, who likewise intended to rule the town. By June 1945, conflicts between these groups had been resolved.<ref>{{cite book|title=Polens Wilder Westen: erzwungene Migration und die kulturelle Aneignung des Oderraums, 1945-1948|first=Beata|last=Halicka|publisher=Ferdinand Schöningh|year= 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7chLvgAACAAJ|isbn=9783506786531|access-date=2023-08-15|page=180}}</ref> The adjective ''Odrzańskie'' after the [[Oder]] river, upon which the town is situated, was added for distinction from other settlements of the same name in Poland, most notably the town of [[Krosno]].
Crossen became part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1701. In reforms after the [[Napoleonic Wars]], the town became part of the [[Province of Brandenburg]].


From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the [[Zielona Góra Voivodeship]].
In 1945 during [[World War II]], the town was conquered by the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Red Army]]. According to the post-war [[Potsdam Conference]], the town was placed under Polish administration. The German-speaking inhabitants were [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled westward]] and replaced with [[Poles]]. Due to war and expulsion, the population was reduced from 10,800 in 1939 to 2,000 in 1946.


==Notable people ==
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations|align=left|cols=2|1843|7133|1871|7431|1880|6746|1890|6657|1900|7369|1910|7595|1925|7364|1950|3421|1960|6611|2010|11881
|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|title=Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.|year=2011|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=60|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152513/https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>}}
{{clear|left}}


==Notable people==
*[[Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff]] (1699–1753) painter and architect
*[[Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff]] (1699–1753) German painter and architect
*[[Johann Friedrich Schönemann]] (1704–1782), theater director
*[[Alexander von Knobelsdorff]] (1723–1799), Prussian field marshal
⚫
*[[Eduard Seler]] (1849–1922), anthropologist, archaeologist, philogian, and Mesoamerica scholar
*[[Christiane Becker-Neumann]] (1778–1797), German actress
*[[Rudolf Pannwitz]] (1881–1969), author
⚫
*[[Eduard Seler]] (1849–1922), German anthropologist, archaeologist, philogian, and Mesoamerica scholar
*[[Hans Egidi]] (1890–1976), former president of court
*[[Alfred Henschke]] ps.Klabund (1890–1928), author
*[[Rudolf Pannwitz]] (1881–1969), German author
*[[Alfred Henschke]] ps. Klabund (1890–1928), German author
*[[Tomasz Kuszczak]] - [[Poland national football team]] and [[Manchester United]] goalkeeper
*[[Siegfried Müller (mercenary)|Siegfried Müller]] aka ''Kongo-Müller'' (1920–1983), German mercenary
*[[Aneta Pastuszka]] - Olympic [[canoe]]r
*[[Aneta Konieczna]] (born 1978), canoe racer, Olympic medallist
*[[Tomasz Kuszczak]] (born 1982), footballer


==Twin towns – sister cities==
== Literature ==
See [[Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie#Twin towns – sister cities|twin towns of Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie]].
* Crossener Tageblatt (Crossener Wochenblatt) Crossen a.O.: 1826 ff.

* Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Crossen. Hrg. Erich Blunck, bearb. von Wilhelm Jung. Berlin: Voss, 1921 (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Brandenburg / hrsg. vom Brandenburgischen Provinzialverbande ; Bd. 6, Teil 6)
==References==
* Karl von Obstfelder: Chronik der Stadt Crossen. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1845 im Auszuge, von 1845 bis 1925 selbständig bearbeitet. Crossen a.O.: Zeidler 1925
{{reflist}}
* Heimatbuch des Kreises Crossen (Oder). Bearb. u. hrsg. v. Karl Metzdorf. Crossen: Zeidler 1927
* Karl Metzdorf: Die Eindeutschung der Ostmark im Mittelalter. Langensalza: Beltz 1925
* 400 Jahre Realgymnasium Crossen an der Oder. Crossen: Zeidler 1927
* Jan Muszýnski: Krosno Odrzánskie. Lubuskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. Przeszłość i teraźniejszość. Warszawa: PWN 1972 (Die Stadt Crossen a. d. Oder. Vergangenheit und Gegenwart)
* Beata Halicka: ''Krosno Odrzańskie. Wspólne dziedzictwo kultury / Crossen an der Oder. Das gemeinsame Kulturerbe. 1005–2005'', Skórzyn 2005. ISBN 83-922273-0-1
* Heimatkarte des Kreises Crossen a. O., mehrfarbiges Reprint, Niederlausitzer Verlag, Guben. ISBN 3-935881-23-1


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/bertius/bertius1/jpg/s318.html 1615 Map of Brandenburg with Duchy of Crossen on Oder river]
*[http://www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl/ Official town website]
*[http://www.krosnoodrzanskie.pl/ Official town website]
*[http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/krosno-odrzanskie/ Jewish Community in Krosno Odrzańskie] on Virtual Shtetl
*[http://mapa.szukacz.pl/?x=232671&y=472692&m=Krosno%20Odrza%f1skie&w=lubuskie&p=kro%b6nie%f1ski&g=Krosno%20Odrza%f1skie&z=3 Map via mapa.szukacz.pl]

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{{coord|52|03|N|15|05|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}


{{Krosno Odrzańskie County}}
{{Krosno Odrzańskie County}}
⚫
{{Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Silesia]]
[[Category:Holy Roman Empire]]
⚫
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lubusz Voivodeship|Krosno Odrzanskie]]


⚫
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lubusz Voivodeship]]
⚫
[[de:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[eo:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[Category:Krosno Odrzańskie County]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
⚫
[[fr:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[jv:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[nl:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[pl:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[pt:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[ro:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[ru:Кросно-Оджаньске]]
[[sk:Krosno Odrzańskie]]
[[sv:Krosno Odrzańskie]]

Latest revision as of 06:49, 21 October 2024

Not to be confused with Krosno in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.

Krosno Odrzańskie
Parish church
Parish church
Flag of Krosno Odrzańskie
Flag
Coat of arms of Krosno Odrzańskie
Coat of arms
Krosno Odrzańskie is located in Poland
Krosno Odrzańskie
Krosno Odrzańskie
Coordinates: 52°2′N 15°6′E / 52.033°N 15.100°E / 52.033; 15.100
Country Poland
Voivodeship Lubusz
CountyKrosno Odrzańskie
GminaKrosno Odrzańskie
Town rightsbefore 1238
Government
 • MayorMarek Cebula
Area
 • Total
8.11 km2 (3.13 sq mi)
Highest elevation
85 m (279 ft)
Lowest elevation
38 m (125 ft)
Population
 (2019-06-30[1])
 • Total
11,319
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
66-600 to 66-603
Area code+48 68
Car platesFKR
Websitewww.krosnoodrzanskie.pl

Krosno Odrzańskie [ˈkrɔsnɔ ɔˈdʐaɲskʲɛ] (German: Crossen an der Oder) is a town in Lubusz Voivodeship in western Poland, on the east bank of Oder River, at the confluence with the Bóbr. With 11,319 inhabitants (2019) it is the capital of Krosno County.

History

[edit]
Piast Castle

The town was first mentioned as Crosno in 1005,[2] when Duke Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland had a fortress built here in the course of his armed conflict with Emperor Henry II and the West Slavic Veleti confederation. Due to its strategic location as a point of passage across the Oder,[2] it played an important role at the western border of the Polish kingdom with the Holy Roman Empire during the 11th to 13th centuries. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland, in 1163 Krosno was part of the Duchy of Silesia ruled by Bolesław I the Tall of the Silesian Piasts. In 1201 it received its town charter by Bolesław's son Duke Henry I the Bearded. Henry erected a stone castle at Krosno, where he died in 1238 and where his widow, Hedwig of Andechs, took refuge during the 1241 first Mongol invasion of Poland. When the Duchy of Wrocław was finally divided in 1251, the town became part of the newly created Duchy of Głogów under Konrad I.

The town changed hands several times; once it was given as payment to soldiers of the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg. When the last Piast duke Henry XI of Głogów died without issue in 1476, his widow Barbara of Brandenburg, daughter of Elector Albert Achilles of Brandenburg, inherited the territory of Krosno. The Brandenburg influence met with fierce opposition by Henry's cousin Duke Jan II the Mad of Żagań, who devastated Krosno but in 1482 had to sign an agreement with Albert Achilles, who was able to retain the Krosno (Crossen) area. As a former part of the Duchy of Głogów it officially remained a lien of the Bohemian kingdom until in 1538 King Ferdinand I of Habsburg, renounced all rights to Crossen in 1538, thereby finalizing the district's belonging to the Neumark region of the Brandenburg margraviate.

Postcard from 1918

With Brandenburg, Crossen became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. In reforms after the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Province of Brandenburg in 1815 and was the seat of Landkreis Crossen as part of Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt. As a result of the Unification of Germany, it became part of the German Empire in 1871. In May 1886 the town was devastated by a whirlwind.[2]

In 1945 during World War II, the town was conquered by the Soviet Red Army. After Germany's defeat in the war, the town once again became part of Poland. Already in March 1945 the town was claimed by the Polish state, with the assignment of the town being switched back and forth between Western Pomerania and Lower Silesia several times. On May 2, a group of Polish communists from Poznań arrived to assume administration of the town. The situation complicated when another group with 66 members arrived, who likewise intended to rule the town. By June 1945, conflicts between these groups had been resolved.[3] The adjective Odrzańskie after the Oder river, upon which the town is situated, was added for distinction from other settlements of the same name in Poland, most notably the town of Krosno.

From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Zielona Góra Voivodeship.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
18437,133—    
18717,431+4.2%
18806,746−9.2%
18906,657−1.3%
19007,369+10.7%
YearPop.±%
19107,595+3.1%
19257,364−3.0%
19503,421−53.5%
19606,611+93.2%
201011,881+79.7%
Source: [4][5]

Notable people

[edit]

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

See twin towns of Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Crossen" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 509–510.
  3. ^ Halicka, Beata (2016). Polens Wilder Westen: erzwungene Migration und die kulturelle Aneignung des Oderraums, 1945-1948. Ferdinand Schöningh. p. 180. ISBN 9783506786531. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  4. ^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 23.
  5. ^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
[edit]
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