Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795): Difference between revisions

Volhynian Voivodeship
Latin: *Palatinatus Volhynensis*
Polish: *Województwo wołyńskie*
Ukrainian: Волинське воєводство
Volhynian Voivodeship Latin: Palatinatus Volhynensis; Polish: Województwo wołyńskie; Ukrainian: Волинське воєводство
Voivodeship of Lithuania (1566–1569) ; and then Poland (1569–1795)
1566–1795
	Flag Coat of arms
	; The Volhynian Voivodeship (red) in; the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1635
Capital	Lutsk (Polish: Łuck)
Area
•	38,324 km2 (14,797 sq mi)
History
• Established	1566
• To Polish Crown	1569
• Annexed by Russia	24 October 1795
Political subdivisions	counties: 3
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Volhynia Governorate
	1 Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Voivodeship of Grand Duchy of Lithuania before 1569.

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Volhynian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo wołyńskie, Latin: Palatinatus Volhynensis, Ukrainian: Волинське воєводство, Volynske voievodstvo) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1566 until 1569 and of the Polish Crown within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 1569 Union of Lublin until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. It was part of the Ruthenian lands in the Lesser Poland Province.

Description

The voivodeship was established based on the Łuck Eldership (starostvo) in 1566 with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Following the 1569 union of Lublin, it was ceded to the Crown of Poland as part of the Lesser Poland (Malopolska) Province.

The capital of the voivodeship was in Łuck (presentday Lutsk), and it had three senators in the Senate of the Commonwealth. These were the Bishop of Luck, the Voivode of Volhynia and the Castellan of Volhynia. Volhynian Voivodeship was divided into three counties: Luck, Wlodzimierz and Krzemieniec. Local starostas resided in the three capitals of the counties, while sejmiks took place at Luck. The voivodeship had two deputies in the Polish Sejm, and one deputy in the Lesser Poland Tribunal in Lublin.

Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland provides this description of Volhynian Voivodeship:

After Liubartas seized northern Volhynia, the Kingdom of Poland captured Red Ruthenia. A conflict between Poland and Lithuania began, complicated by the fact that in Ruthenian lands there were no well-defined boundaries of duchies and provinces. In 1366, King Casimir the Great confirmed his rule over the upper Bug river, capturing Wlodzimierz Wolynski. The conflict with Lithuania continued, as both sides wanted to control whole Volhynia, together with Luck [...] After the death of Svitrigaila, the vast Volhynian land became direct property of the Jagiellonian dynasty. King Casimir IV Jagiellon decided that Volhynia should become part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but the Polish-Lithuanian conflict continued until the 1569 Union of Lublin, when Volhynia was transferred to Poland, and became a voivodeship. Its first voivode was Prince Aleksander Czartoryski [...]
Upon the decision of the Sejm, Volhynia was part of the Province of Lesser Poland. Its legal system was based on the Statutes of Lithuania, with local residents allowed to make changes to the statutes. Legal position of Ruthenian ruling class (knyaz) was equal to the Polish nobility, and in 1578, Polish government offices were established in Volhynia, followed by an infux of Polish settlers [...]
In the 16th century, Volhynian Voivodeship had the area of 750 sq. miles, half of which was made by the Luck County. It had 68 towns, and in 1583, the number of villages was as follows: 777 in Luck County, 294 in Wlodzimierz County, and 562 in Krzemieniec County. During the reign of Stefan Batory, there were 65 castles and forts [...] Boundaries of Volhynian Voivodeship did not include whole historic Volhynia, as Zytomierz and Owrucz, commonly regarded as Volhynian towns, belonged to Kiev Voivodeship. Historic Volhynia reached deep into Kiev, Braclaw and Podolian Voivodeships, but its boundaries were never precise. Volhynian Voivodeship was sparsely populated, reduced by frequent wars and raids".

Administration

Seat of Voivodeship Governor and regional sejmik:

Łuck

Regional council (sejmik generalny) for all Ruthenian lands

Sądowa Wisznia

Administrative division

Counties (powiats)

Luck County (Powiat Łucki), Łuck
Wlodzimierz County (Powiat Włodzimirski), Włodzimierz
Krzemieniec County (Powiat Krzemieniecki), Krzemieniec

Free royal cities

Selected voivodes

Janusz Ostrogski (since 1558)
Aleksander Ostrogski (since 1593)
Adam Aleksander Sanguszko (1630–1653)
Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski (since 1679)
Franciszek Salezy Potocki (in 1755 only)
Józef Kanty Ossoliński (1757–1775; resigned)

Sources

Volhynian Voivodeship, description by Zygmunt Gloger
Central European Superpower, Henryk Litwin, BUM Magazine, October 2016.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania then of the Kingdom of Poland}}
-[[pl:Województwo wo&#322;y&#324;skie]]
+{{Infobox Former Subdivision
+| conventional_long_name = Volhynian Voivodeship
+| common_name            = Volhynian
+| native_name            = <small>{{langx|la|Palatinatus Volhynensis}}<br/>{{langx|pl|Województwo wołyńskie}}<br/>{{langx|uk|Волинське воєводство}}</small>
+| subdivision            = Voivodeship
+| nation                 = [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]] (1566–1569) <br/> and then [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]] (1569–1795)
+| year_start             = 1566
+| event1                 = To [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Crown]]
+| date_event1            = 1569
+| event_end              = [[Third Partition of Poland|Annexed by Russia]]
+| year_end               = 1795
+| date_end               = 24 October
+| p1                     = Grand Duchy of Lithuania
+| flag_p1               = Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg
+| border_p1              = no
+| s1                     = Volhynia Governorate
+| flag_s1               = Coat of arms of Volyn Governorate.svg
+| border_s1              = no
+| image_coat             = Herbarz Kaspra Niesieckiego Волынское.svg
+| image_map              = RON województwo wołyńskie map.svg
+| image_map_caption      = The Volhynian Voivodeship (red) in<br> the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], 1635
+| capital                = Lutsk ({{langx|pl|Łuck}})
+| stat_area1             = 38324
+| stat_year1             =
+| stat_pop1              =
+| political_subdiv       = [[Powiat|counties]]: 3
+| footnotes              = <sup>1</sup> Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Voivodeship of [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] before 1569.
+| image_flag             = Banner of Vałyń Voivodeship.svg
+| flag_border            = no
+}}
+[[File:Haute Volhynie, ou palatinat de Lusuc, tiré de la grande carte d'Ukraine du Sr Le Vasseur de Beauplan - par le Sr Sanson... - btv1b525107473 (1 of 2).jpg|thumb|Haute Volhynie (Upper Volhynia) or Luck Palatinate in 1665, Luck identified as Lusuc]]
+'''Volhynian Voivodeship''' ({{langx|pl|Województwo wołyńskie}}, {{langx|la|Palatinatus Volhynensis}}, {{langx|uk|Волинське воєводство}}, ''Volynske voievodstvo'') was a unit of administrative division and local government in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] from 1566 until 1569 and of the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Crown]] within the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] from the 1569 [[Union of Lublin]] until the [[Third Partition of Poland]] in 1795. It was part of the [[Ruthenia]]n lands in the [[Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown|Lesser Poland Province]].
+==Description==
-<div style="float: right">[[Image:PolishAdministrativeDivision1921.gif]]</div>
+The voivodeship was established based on the [[Łuck]] Eldership (starostvo) in 1566 with the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. Following the 1569 [[union of Lublin]], it was ceded to the Crown of Poland as part of the Lesser Poland (Malopolska) Province.
+The capital of the voivodeship was in Łuck (presentday Lutsk), and it had three senators in the Senate of the Commonwealth. These were the Bishop of Luck, the [[Voivode]] of Volhynia and the [[Castellan]] of Volhynia. Volhynian Voivodeship was divided into three counties: Luck, [[Wlodzimierz Wolynski|Wlodzimierz]] and [[Krzemieniec]]. Local [[starosta]]s resided in the three capitals of the counties, while [[sejmik]]s took place at Luck. The voivodeship had two deputies in the Polish [[Sejm]], and one deputy in the Lesser Poland Tribunal in [[Lublin]].
-'''Wolhynian Voivodship''' (województwo wo&#322;y&#324;skie), capital [[Luck]], existed during the times of the [[Second Polish Republic]] ([[1921]]--[[1939]]).
+[[Zygmunt Gloger]] in his monumental book ''Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland'' provides this description of Volhynian Voivodeship: {{blockquote|After [[Liubartas]] seized northern Volhynia, the Kingdom of Poland captured [[Red Ruthenia]]. A conflict between Poland and Lithuania began, complicated by the fact that in Ruthenian lands there were no well-defined boundaries of duchies and provinces. In 1366, King [[Casimir the Great]] confirmed his rule over the upper [[Bug river]], capturing [[Wlodzimierz Wolynski]]. The conflict with Lithuania continued, as both sides wanted to control whole Volhynia, together with Luck [...] After the death of [[Svitrigaila]], the vast Volhynian land became direct property of the [[Jagiellonian dynasty]]. King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] decided that Volhynia should become part of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], but the Polish-Lithuanian conflict continued until the 1569 [[Union of Lublin]], when Volhynia was transferred to Poland, and became a voivodeship. Its first voivode was Prince Aleksander Czartoryski [...]
-Major cities (in Polish spelling): [[Dubno]], [[Kowel]], [[Krzemeniec]], [[Ostróg]], [[Równe]], [[Sarny]], [[W&#322;odzimierz Wo&#322;y&#324;ski|W&#322;odzimierz]].
+Upon the decision of the Sejm, Volhynia was part of the Province of [[Lesser Poland]]. Its legal system was based on the [[Statutes of Lithuania]], with local residents allowed to make changes to the statutes. Legal position of Ruthenian ruling class ([[knyaz]]) was equal to the Polish [[szlachta|nobility]], and in 1578, Polish government offices were established in Volhynia, followed by an infux of Polish settlers [...]
-Population: the majority was [[Ukrainians]], with 15% of [[Poles]] and [[Jew]]s. [[German]] and [[Czech]] settlers, arrived in [[19th century]], were also notable. Religion is mostly of [[Orthodoxy]], also some [[Catholic]] denominations and the adherents of the [[Mosaic Law]].
+In the 16th century, Volhynian Voivodeship had the area of 750 sq. miles, half of which was made by the Luck County. It had 68 towns, and in 1583, the number of villages was as follows: 777 in Luck County, 294 in Wlodzimierz County, and 562 in Krzemieniec County. During the reign of [[Stefan Batory]], there were 65 castles and forts [...] Boundaries of Volhynian Voivodeship did not include whole historic Volhynia, as [[Zytomierz]] and [[Owrucz]], commonly regarded as Volhynian towns, belonged to [[Kiev Voivodeship]]. Historic Volhynia reached deep into Kiev, [[Braclaw Voivodeship|Braclaw]] and [[Podolian Voivodeship|Podolian]] Voivodeships, but its boundaries were never precise. Volhynian Voivodeship was sparsely populated, reduced by frequent wars and raids".}}
-{{msg:stub}}
+==Administration==
+Seat of Voivodeship Governor and regional sejmik:
+* [[Lutsk|Łuck]]
+Regional council ([[sejmik generalny]]) for all Ruthenian lands
+* [[Sudova Vyshnia|Sądowa Wisznia]]
+===Administrative division===
+====Counties (powiats)====
+* [[Luck County]] (Powiat Łucki), [[Lutsk|Łuck]]
+* [[Wlodzimierz County]] (Powiat Włodzimirski), [[Volodymyr (city)|Włodzimierz]]
+* [[Krzemieniec County]] (Powiat Krzemieniecki), [[Kremenets|Krzemieniec]]
+====Free royal cities====
+{{Further|Royal city in Poland}}
+*[[Kovel|Kowel]]
+*[[Kremenets|Krzemieniec]]
+*[[Lutsk|Łuck]]
+*[[Milanowicze]]
+*[[Ratne|Ratno]]
+*[[Świniuchy]]
+*[[Volodymyr (city)|Włodzimierz]]
+*[[Wyszniwka]]
+===Selected voivodes===
+* [[Janusz Ostrogski]] (since 1558)
+* [[Aleksander Ostrogski]] (since 1593)
+* [[Adam Aleksander Sanguszko]] (1630–1653)
+* [[Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski]] (since 1679)
+* [[Franciszek Salezy Potocki]] (in 1755 only)
+* [[Józef Kanty Ossoliński]] (1757–1775; resigned)
+== Sources ==
+* [http://literat.ug.edu.pl/glogre/0039.htm Volhynian Voivodeship, description by Zygmunt Gloger]
+* [https://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/49da65c5-9917-40de-b542-5c89751cacf6:JCR ''Central European Superpower''], Henryk Litwin, ''BUM Magazine'', October 2016.
+==See also==
+* [[Volhynia]]
+* [[Volyns'ka oblast']]
+{{Voivodes of Volhynia}}
+{{Voivodeships of Lithuania}}
+{{Administrative division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth}}
+{{coord|50.744814|25.320212|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Volhynian Voivodeship (1569-1795)}}
+[[Category:Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)| ]]
+[[Category:Voivodeships of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
+[[Category:Voivodeships of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
+[[Category:Early modern history of Ukraine]]
+[[Category:Early modern history of Lithuania]]
+[[Category:History of Volhynia]]
+[[Category:1566 establishments in Europe]]
+[[Category:1566 establishments in Lithuania]]
+[[Category:1795 disestablishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]

v t e Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Province of Greater Poland	Brześć Kujawski Chełmno Gniezno Inowrocław Kalisz Łęczyca Malbork Masovian Płock Pomeranian Poznań Rawa Sieradz Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
Province of Lesser Poland	Bełz Bracław Chernihów Kiev Kraków Lublin Podlaskie Podolian Ruthenian Sandomierz Volhynia Duchy of Siewierz Duchy of Siveria (1619–1635)
Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Brest Litovsk Minsk Mstsislaw Nowogródek Połock Smolensk Trakai Vilnius Vitebsk Duchy of Samogitia
Polish Livonia	Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621): Dorpat, Parnawa, Wenden Inflanty (1621–1772)
Fiefs	Lauenburg and Bütow Land Duchy of Prussia Duchy of Courland and Semigallia

v t e Voivodes of Volhynia
Aleksander Fiodorowicz Czartoryski* (1566–71) Bohusz Korecki (1572–76) Andrzej Wiśniowiecki (1576–83) Janusz Ostrogski (1585–93) Aleksander Ostrogski (1593–1603) Janusz Zasławski (1604–29) Adam Aleksander Sanguszko (1630–53) Mikołaj Jerzy Czartoryski (1657–61) Michał Jerzy Czartoryski (1661–80) Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski (1680–83) Jerzy Jan Wandalin Mniszech (1684–93) Jan Stanisław Jabłonowski (1693–97) Jan Franciszek Stadnicki (1697–1713) Atanazy Miączyński (1713–23) Stanisław Ledóchowski (1723–25) Michał Potocki (1726–49) Seweryn Józef Rzewuski (1749–54) Franciszek Salezy Potocki (1755–56) Józef Kanty Ossoliński (1757–75) Hieronim Janusz Sanguszko (1775–95)
* For a short time until 1569, Volhynia Voivodeship was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania