Jack Thompson (activist): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American activist and former attorney (born 1951)}} |
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{{for|the Northern Irish loyalist activist|Jackie Thompson}} |
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:''Jack Thompson is also the name of an actor; see [[Jack Thompson (actor)]].'' |
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[[Image:Jack_Thompson_(attorney).jpg|thumb|Jack Thompson on [[WCPO]]]] |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2020}} |
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{{infobox person |
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|name = Jack Thompson |
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|image = JackThompsonAttorney crop.jpg |
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|caption = Thompson in 2007 |
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|birth_name = John Bruce Thompson |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|7|25}} |
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|birth_place = [[Cleveland, Ohio]], U.S. |
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|alma_mater = [[Denison University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[Vanderbilt University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) |
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|spouse = Patricia Thompson |
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}} |
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'''John Bruce Thompson'''<ref>{{cite web |title=The Florida Bar v. John Bruce Thompson |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/florida/supreme-court/2008/sc07-80.html |website=Justia |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> (born July 25, 1951)<ref name=TMH-1>{{cite news |title=TO BE BORN AGAIN |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-to-be-born-again/142360635/ |work=The Miami Herald |date=March 25, 1990}}</ref> is an American activist and [[disbarred]] attorney. As an attorney, Thompson focused his legal efforts against what he perceives as [[obscenity]] in modern culture. Thompson gained recognition as an anti-video game activist, criticizing the content of video games and their alleged effects on children.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/posttech/2007/04/va_tech_dr_phil_jack_thompson.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716061411/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/posttech/2007/04/va_tech_dr_phil_jack_thompson.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 16, 2012 |title=Va. Tech: Dr. Phil & Jack Thompson Blame Video Games |access-date=2008-08-28 |last=Musgrove |first=Mike |date=2007-04-17 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://money.cnn.com/blogs/browser/2006/06/louisiana-braces-forvideo-game-threat.html |title=Louisiana braces for...video game threat |access-date=2008-08-28 |author=<!-- Staff writers --> |date=2006-06-09 |publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725232453/http://money.cnn.com/blogs/browser/2006/06/louisiana-braces-forvideo-game-threat.html |archive-date=2008-07-25 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6126245-7.html|title=Florida judge won't ban "Bully" video game|access-date=2008-08-27|last=McCullagh|first=Declan|date=2006-10-16|work=[[CNET|CNET News]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025023930/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6126245-7.html|archive-date=2012-10-25|url-status=live}}</ref> He also targeted [[rap music]] and radio personality [[Howard Stern]].<ref name="RollingStoneMag">{{cite magazine |first=David |last=Kushner |title=Gaming's Worst Bully |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=2006-11-16}}</ref> |
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Thompson's legal career was further recognized for his actions against the [[Florida Bar]], including challenging its constitutionality in 1993.<ref name="TheRecorder" /> In 2008, he was permanently disbarred by the [[Supreme Court of Florida]] for inappropriate conduct, including making false statements to [[tribunal]]s and disparaging and humiliating litigants.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jack Thompson Disbarred |work=[[Kotaku]] |date=25 September 2008 |url=http://kotaku.com/5054772/jack-thompson-disbarred |publisher=[[Gawker Media]] |access-date=2008-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926105645/http://kotaku.com/5054772/jack-thompson-disbarred |archive-date=2008-09-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="law.com">{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Ostrovsky |url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1170928966137 |title=Fla. Bar Seeks Sanctions Against Morality Watchdog Jack Thompson |work=Daily Business Review |date=8 February 2006 |access-date=2007-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518074634/http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1170928966137 |archive-date=2011-05-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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'''John Bruce "Jack" Thompson''' is an [[attorney]] often cited in the media for his views on the effects of [[obscenity]] and [[violence]] in popular media. A native of [[Ohio]], he is a [[1976]] [[Juris Doctor|JD]] graduate of [[Vanderbilt University]] School of Law and has been practicing as a [[medical malpractice]] attorney in [[Florida]] since [[1977]]. |
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==Background== |
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__TOC__ |
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Thompson grew up in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], attended [[Cuyahoga Falls High School]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespy.com/articles/112/1121508p1.html |title=Who the Hell Is Jack Thompson? |access-date=2015-01-08 |last=Vitka |first=William |date=2010-09-16 |publisher=Gamespy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308121246/http://www.gamespy.com/articles/112/1121508p1.html |archive-date=2015-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> and attended [[Denison University]]. He received media attention when he hosted his own political talk show on the college radio station.<ref name="PrivateSting">Haring, Bruce. "The 'Private Sting' of Jack Thompson". ''Billboard'', 1990-08-11</ref> He then attended [[Vanderbilt University Law School]], where he met his wife, Patricia.<ref name="Batman">{{cite web|author=Philips, Chuck|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-18-ca-87-story.html|title=The 'Batman' Who Took On Rap|access-date=October 6, 2012|work=Los Angeles Times|date=June 18, 1990|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115162805/http://articles.latimes.com/print/1990-06-18/entertainment/ca-87_1_jack-thompson|archive-date=2018-11-15|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1976, they moved to Florida, where Thompson, working as a lawyer and then a fund-raiser for a Christian ministry,<ref name="Batman" /> began attending the [[Key Biscayne]] [[Presbyterian Church]] and became a [[born-again Christian]].<ref name="PrivateSting" /> Thompson admits to having a "colorful disciplinary history" as an attorney.<ref name="Linn">Linn, Mike. "'Grand Theft Auto' comes under fire". ''Knight Ridder Tribune Business News'', 2005-11-22.</ref> |
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{{-}} |
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== |
==''The Neil Rogers Show''== |
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In 1988, Thompson became involved in a feud with [[WIOD]] Radio host [[Neil Rogers]], after Thompson was instrumental in persuading the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] to fine WIOD $10,000 for airing such parody songs as "[[Uncle Bonsai|Boys Want Sex in the Morning]]" on Rogers' show.<ref name="PrivateSting"/> Thompson also sued the station for violating a December 1987 agreement to end on-air harassment against him. For the next eight months, Thompson recorded all of Rogers' broadcasts and documented 40,000 mentionings of his name. Thompson claimed that one of the terms of his agreement with the station was that the station would pay him $5,000 each time his name was mentioned, totaling $200 million in the suit.<ref name="ABA">{{cite journal |first=Nancy |last=Blodgett |title=Say 'Jack' 40,000 Times |journal=ABA Journal |date=1988-10-01 |publisher=[[American Bar Association]]}}</ref> |
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In [[1988]] Thompson was the unsuccessful [[GOP]] challenger to [[Janet Reno]] for |
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the Office of [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Dade County]] [[State Attorney]]. Following this, as the "Man in Miami" for [[NewsMax.com]], he made a series of bizarre allegations [http://web.archive.org/web/20010416003717/www.newsmax.com/showinsidecover.shtml?a=2000/8/27/193359] regarding Reno, met with incredulity in the press [http://conwebwatch.tripod.com/outthere/otthompson.html] |
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[http://www.rotten.com/library/bio/usa/janet-reno/], claiming that she was a closet [[lesbian]] suffering from various [[mental disorder]]s as [[side effects]] of [[Parkinson's]] medication, and that she was being [[blackmail]]ed by the [[Mafia]]. |
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==Janet Reno== |
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Thompson first met [[Janet Reno]] in November 1975, when he applied for a job as an assistant [[state's attorney]] in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida]], but was not hired.<ref name="outofharmsway">{{cite book |first=Jack |last=Thompson |title=Out of Harm's Way: One Man's Relentless Crusade to Topple Media Giants and Save Your Kids from Video Game Madness |location=[[Wheaton, Illinois]] |publisher=[[Tyndale House|Tyndale House Publishers, Inc]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4143-0442-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXNmM1xRCf8C}}</ref> In 1988, he ran for prosecutor against then-incumbent Dade County State Attorney Janet Reno, after she had declined his request to prosecute Neil Rogers.<ref name="Evans">Evans, Christine. "Challenger attacks Reno as too liberal". ''The Miami Herald'', 1B, November 6, 1988.</ref> Thompson gave Reno a letter at a campaign event requesting that she check a box to indicate whether she was homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual. Thompson said that Reno then put her hand on his shoulder and responded, "I'm only interested in virile men. That's why I'm not attracted to you."<ref name="Vick">Vick, Karl and David Dahl. "Stigma of a middle-aged, single woman". ''St. Petersburg Times'', 1993-02-17.</ref><ref>{{cite episode |title=The Virtue Vigilante |series=[[Nightline (US news program)|Nightline]] |network=[[American Broadcasting Company]] |air-date=2006-12-13 |quote=Jack Thompson: 'I came up with this clever plan [''laughs''] of handing her this questionnaire asking her, you know, "Are you a heterosexual, or are you bisexual, or are you homosexual?" and so forth.' Dave Weir: 'She put her arm on your shoulder and said, uh, "I'm only attracted to virile men, which is why I'm not attracted to you"?' Jack Thompson: 'Mhm.' Dave Weir: 'And then you filed battery charges against her.' Jack Thompson: 'Well, she—she grabbed a hold of me and—and shook me. She didn't hurt me; but I was annoyed—I was angry—that she dealt with it in that fashion. And that was—that was a mistake; I shouldn't have done that. I should have—but I'm glad—I—I think it was reasonable to ask her the questions.'}}</ref> He filed a police report accusing her of [[battery (crime)|battery]] for touching him. In response, Reno asked Florida governor [[Bob Martinez]] to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate.<ref name="Battery">"Opponent accuses Reno of battery". ''The Miami Herald'', 2D, September 9, 1988.</ref> The special prosecutor rejected the charge, concluding that it was "a political ploy". Reno was ultimately re-elected with 69% of the vote. Thompson repeated allegations that Reno was a lesbian when she was nominated as [[United States Attorney General|U.S. Attorney General]], leading one of her supporters, lieutenant governor [[Buddy MacKay]], to dismiss him as a "kook".<ref name="Vick" /> |
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===Ileana Flores=== |
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He first came into the public eye in [[1986]] when he represented Ileana Flores in her divorce from Frank Fuster. Fuster had been convicted the previous year of multiple counts of [[child abuse]] in the controversial [[Country Walk Case]]. |
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In 1990, after his election loss, Thompson began a campaign against the efforts of [[Switchboard of Miami]], a social services group of which Reno was a board member. Thompson charged that the group placed "homosexual-education tapes" in public schools. Switchboard responded by getting the [[Supreme Court of Florida]] to order that he submit to a psychiatric examination. Thompson did so and passed. Thompson has since stated that he is "the only officially certified sane lawyer in the entire state of Florida".<ref name="Timmerman">Timmerman, Kenneth R. "Reno Redux in Florida". ''Insight'', October 5, 2001.</ref> |
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===First Amendment issues=== |
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Following the Flores case Thompson became prominently involved in [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] issues, particularly concerning the possible effects of sexually violent material. Interestingly, the [[Florida Supreme Court]] ordered that he undergo psychiatric testing during this campaign, which he successfully passed. He later quipped that this made him one of the few sane lawyers working in the state. What specific events or statements prompted the court to require testing, and on what grounds, is unknown. |
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==Rap music== |
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Thompson came to national prominence in the controversy over [[2 Live Crew]]'s ''[[As Nasty As They Wanna Be]]'' album. ([[Luke Records|Luke Skyywalker Records]], the company of 2 Live Crew's [[Luther Campbell]], had previously released a record supporting Reno in her race against Thompson.)<ref name="OntheBeat">Harrington, Richard. "On the Beat; In Md., the Sound and the Fury". ''The Washington Post'', 1990-01-31.</ref> On January 1, 1990, he wrote to Martinez and Reno asking them to investigate whether the album violated Florida obscenity laws. Although the state prosecutor declined to proceed with an investigation, Thompson pushed local officials in various parts of the state to block sales of the album, along with [[N.W.A]]'s ''[[Straight Outta Compton]]''.<ref name="Philips1">Philips, Chuck. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60010849.html?FMT=ABS 2 Live Crew's 'Nasty Lyrics' a Bum Rap?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006002338/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60010849.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}" ''Los Angeles Times'', March 7, 1990.</ref> In sending documents to opponents, Thompson would frequently attach a photocopy of his driver's license, with a photo of [[Batman]] pasted over his own. Thompson said, "I have sent my opponents pictures of Batman to remind them I'm playing the role of Batman. Just like Bruce Wayne helped the police in [[Batman (1989 film)|the movie]], I have had to assist the sheriff of Broward County." He also wore a Batman wristwatch.<ref name="Batman2">Parker, Laura. "Sheriff's Crackdown on Rap Puts Unlikely County in Spotlight". ''The Washington Post'', 1990-06-17.</ref> Thompson compared Campbell to the [[Joker (comics)|Joker]].<ref name="Batman3">Kohn, Marek. "Very nasty indeed; Brutal and sexually explicit, the raps of 2 Live Crew have outraged US fundamentalists, but their ghetto origins have confused the liberal conscience". ''The Independent'', 1990-09-16.</ref> Thompson also said, "I understand as well as anybody that the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] is a cornerstone of a free society—but there is a responsibility to people who can be harmed by words and thoughts, one of which is the message from Campbell that women can be sexually abused."<ref name="PrivateSting" /> |
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Thompson led the campaign against the [[1989]] [[2 Live Crew]] album ''[[As Nasty As They Wanna Be]]''. In the [[1990]] federal trial which ruled the album [[obscene]], he submitted material as an [[amicus curiae]]. He would reprise this role as a [[third-party]] "expert" in various [[video game]]s cases ([[#Video Game Cases|see below]]). The court's decision led to the arrest of several members of the group and a record retailer, although the ruling was soon reversed. |
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Thompson took issue with another 2 Live Crew song, "[[Banned in the U.S.A. (song)|Banned in the U.S.A.]]", and he sent a letter to [[Jon Landau]], manager of [[Bruce Springsteen]], whose song "[[Born in the U.S.A. (song)|Born in the U.S.A.]]" was to be sampled by the group. Thompson suggested that Landau "protect 'Born in the U.S.A.' from its apparent theft by a bunch of clowns who traffic toxic waste to kids", or else Thompson would "be telling the nation about Mr. Springsteen's tacit approval" of the song, which, according to Campbell, "expresses anger about the failure of the First Amendment to protect 2 Live Crew from prosecution".<ref name="BannedUSA">Harrington, Richard. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72601883.html?FMT=ABS Banned in the U.S.A.' Released as Rap Group Faces 'Nasty' Charges] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006002351/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72601883.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}". ''The Washington Post'', July 4, 1990.</ref> Thompson also said, "the 'social commentary' on this album is akin to a sociopath's discharging his [[AK-47]] into a crowded schoolyard, with the machine gun bursts interrupted by [[Pee-wee Herman]]'s views on politics".<ref name="BannedUSA2">Harrington, Richard. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72606729.html?FMT=ABS The Crew: Courage or Crime?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006003923/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72606729.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}" ''The Washington Post'', August 1, 1990.</ref> |
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===Freedom Alliance=== |
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In [[1992]], Thompson represented [[Oliver North]]'s [[Freedom Alliance]] at the annual [[Time Warner]] shareholders' meeting, regarding [[Ice T]]'s song "[[Cop Killer]]". He put forward the argument that, should the song inflame listeners and lead to the killing of police officers, widows would be able to sue Time Warner over the content of the record. Time Warner subsequently dropped the performer. |
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The members of 2 Live Crew responded to these efforts by suing the [[Broward County, Florida|Broward County]] sheriff in federal district court. The sheriff had previously told local retailers that selling the album could result in a prosecution for obscenity violations. While they were granted an injunction because law enforcement actions were an unconstitutional [[prior restraint]] on free speech, the court ruled that the album was in fact [[Miller test|obscene]]. However, an appellate court reversed the obscenity ruling, because simply playing the tape was insufficient evidence of the constitutional requirement that it had no artistic value.<ref name="Luke">''Luke Records Inc. v. Navarro'', 960 F.2d 134 (11th Cir. 1992).</ref> |
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As a result of Thompson's efforts against Ice T's song, he was named a "top ten" censor by the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] [http://www.eff.org/Censorship/Academic_edu/CAF/civil-liberty/top.art.censors.1992]. Thompson states on his website that he considers the ACLU's 'award' a badge of honor. |
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As the debate continued, Thompson wrote, "An industry that says a line cannot be drawn will be drawn and quartered."<ref name="Billboard">Thompson, Jack. "Clean Up Record Lyrics—Or Else". ''Billboard'', October 6, 1990.</ref> He said of his campaign, "I won't stop till I get the head of a record company or record chain in jail. Only then will they stop trafficking in obscenity".<ref name="Cox">Cox, Meg. "Music Industry Composes Counterpoint as Demands to Censor Lyrics Increase". ''The Wall Street Journal'', 1990-10-19.</ref> [[Bob Guccione Jr.]], founder of ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' magazine, responded by calling Thompson "a sort of latter-day [[Don Quixote]], as equally at odds with his times as that mythical character was," and argued that his campaign was achieving "two things...: pissing everybody off and compounding his own celebrity".<ref name="Guccione">Guccione, Bob Jr. "Nothing Should Be Legally Obscene". ''Billboard'', December 8, 1990.</ref> Thompson responded by noting, "Law enforcement and I put 2 Live Crew's career back into the toilet where it began."<ref name="GuccioneResponse">Thompson, Jack. "Morals Are Slipping". ''Billboard'', 1991-01-12.</ref> |
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===Video game cases=== |
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In [[1999]] Thompson filed a $33 million federal products liability lawsuit against several entertainment companies, including Time Warner Inc., Polygram Film Entertainment Distribution Inc., Palm Pictures, Island Pictures and New Line Cinema, Atari Corp., Nintendo of America, Sega of America Inc. and Sony Computer Entertainment on behalf of the parents of victims of the [[Paducah, Kentucky#The Heath Shootings|1997 Paducah schoolhouse shootings]]. These included the producers and distributors of the movie ''[[The Basketball Diaries]]'', Internet sex website operators and a variety of [[video game]] producers. The [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals]] dismissed the case in [[2002]]. |
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Thompson wrote another letter in 1991, this time to the Minnesota attorney general [[Skip Humphrey]], complaining about the N.W.A album ''[[Niggaz4Life]]''. Humphrey warned locally-based [[Musicland]] that sales of the album might violate state law against distribution of sexually explicit material harmful to minors. Humphrey also referred the matter to the Minneapolis city attorney, who concluded that some of the songs might fit the legal definition if issued as singles, but that sales of the album as a whole were not prosecutable.<ref name="Harrington1">Harrington, Richard. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/74733170.html?FMT=ABS Brewer’s Ads Rapped] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006003933/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/74733170.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}". ''Washington Post'', September 4, 1991.</ref> Thompson also initiated a similar campaign in Boston.<ref name="Reibman">Reibman, Greg. "Anti-obscenity lawyer looks to get rap group N.W.A banned in Boston". ''Boston Herald'', August 9, 1991.</ref> Later, Thompson would criticize the Republican Party for inviting N.W.A member and party donor [[Eazy-E|Eric "Eazy-E" Wright]] to an exclusive function.<ref name="Philips2">Philips, Chuck. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/61145221.html?FMT=ABS Rodney King Gets Rap Offer] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006085816/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/61145221.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}". ''Los Angeles Times'', 1991-03-20.</ref> |
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Despite the failure of the Paducah lawsuit, Thompson has continued to pursue in court the makers of violent video games. For example, he has attempted to link the [[Columbine High School massacre]] and the [[Beltway sniper attacks|Washington Sniper]] to [[first-person shooters]], in the latter making various claims regarding [[God mode]] (despite the fact that such a mode does not exist in the game) and the [[zoom]] function of ''[[Halo: Combat Evolved|Halo]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s [[sniper rifle]] and [[pistol]]. He has frequently attacked [[Rockstar Games|Rockstar]], linking [[Rockstar North]]'s ''[[Manhunt (video game)|Manhunt]]'' game and ''[[Grand Theft Auto (series)|Grand Theft Auto]]'' series to a wide variety of murders, particularly those involving [[vehicles]] or weapons other than firearms. |
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In 1992, Thompson was hired by the Freedom Alliance, a self-described patriot group founded by [[Oliver North]], described as "[[right-wing politics|far-right]]" by ''[[The Washington Post]]''. <!-- See below source on Time Warner in the Line of Fire --> By this time, Thompson was looking to have [[Time Warner]], then being criticized for promoting the [[Ice-T]] song "[[Cop Killer (song)|Cop Killer]]", prosecuted for federal and state crimes such as [[sedition]], incitement to riot, and "advocating overthrow of government" by distributing material that, in Thompson's view, advocated the killing of police officers.<ref name="Harrington2">Harrington, Richard. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/74035960.html?FMT=ABS Time Warner in the Line of Fire] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006085827/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/74035960.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}". ''Washington Post'', July 8, 1992.</ref> Time Warner eventually released Ice-T and his band from their contract, and voluntarily suspended distribution of the album on which "Cop Killer" was featured. |
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Some consider Thompson to be a [[Fredric Wertham|Wertham]]-like figure in the video gaming world. However, Thompson lacks Wertham's psychology background, and his actions have not led to a censorship movement; neither has he succeeded in connecting the media in question to violent crime in the eyes of the US Government. |
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Thompson's push to label various musical performances obscene was not entirely limited to rap. In addition to taking on 2 Live Crew, Thompson campaigned against sales of the racy music video for [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]'s "[[Justify My Love]]".<ref name="Philips3">Philips, Chuck. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60990399.html?FMT=ABS Anger Over Madonna Single] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006085837/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60990399.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}". ''Los Angeles Times'', January 4, 1991.</ref> Then in 1996, he took on MTV broadcasts for "objectification of women" by writing to the station's corporate parent, [[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]], demanding a stop to what he called "corporate pollution".<ref name="Sandler">Sandler, Adam. "CLEAN UP MY MTV?" ''Daily Variety'', 1996-12-24.</ref> He also went after MTV's advertisers and urged the [[United States Army]] to pull recruiting commercials, citing the Army's recruitment of women and problems with sexual harassment scandals.<ref name="Sandler2">Sandler, Adam. "Activist demands MTV pull Army ads". ''Daily Variety'', 1997-02-19.</ref> |
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More recently, he has attempted to persuade the lawyers defending [[Dustin Lynch]], charged with the murder of [[JoLynn Mishne]], that video games were responsible for the defendant's actions. The lawyers have declined to do so, and Thompson has subsequently offered to defend Lynch for free, presumably in the hope that he may use and thus create credibility behind the "video games defense" [http://www.ohio.com/mld/ohio/news/local/5966240.htm?1c]. |
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==Video games== |
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As well as propagating the "video games made me do it" defense, Thompson has also attempted to predict which violent crimes will be caused by specific video games; in the [[Beltway sniper attacks|Washington Sniper]] case, he was the first individual to suggest to the press that video games may have been the source of the sniper's skills, a conjecture vindicated by the discovery of a ubiquitous [[PlayStation]] in the van used as a "mobile hideout" by the two men responsible. [[Dateline NBC]] reported that Malvo "trained" extensively on the [[Xbox]] game ''Halo''. Because of this report, Thompson believes that "[[Microsoft]] should be sued and held liable for money damages by the victims of the Beltway Snipers." [http://fradical.com/Sniper_trained_on_video_game.htm] It is important to note, however, that [[John Allen Muhammad]] was a former soldier with significant rifle training, as predicted by the police, and that [[Lee Boyd Malvo]]'s shooting skills could have easily been the result of instruction by Muhammad. |
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[[File:Freedoom002 01.png|thumb|left|Thompson claims children may develop violent tendencies due to video games.]] |
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Thompson has heavily criticized a number of video games and campaigned against their producers and distributors. His basic argument is that violent video games have repeatedly been used by teenagers as "murder simulators" to rehearse violent plans. He has pointed to alleged connections between such games and a number of school massacres. According to Thompson, "In every school shooting, we find that kids who pull the trigger are video gamers."<ref name="EveryShooting">"Excerpt from '20/20' on the Debate Whether Violent Video Games Desensitize Children". ''World News Now'', ABC, 2000-03-23.</ref> Also, he claims that scientific studies show teenagers process the game environment differently from adults, leading to increased violence and [[Copycat crime|copycat]] behavior.<ref name="Tribune">Thompson, Jack. "Violent video games feed unhealthy ideas to young kids". ''Tacoma News Tribune'', January 8, 2006.</ref><ref>The idea of a causal link between video games and violence has been challenged. For example, {{cite web|title=Jack Thompson Watch: Sics Feds on Kotaku, Versus Paul Levinson|url=http://blog.wired.com/games/2007/04/jack_thompson_w.html|publisher=WIRED|author=Chris Kohler|date=2007-04-24|access-date=2007-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527221636/http://blog.wired.com/games/2007/04/jack_thompson_w.html|archive-date=2007-05-27|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Thompson, "If some wacked-out adult wants to spend his time playing ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'', one has to wonder why he doesn't get a life, but when it comes to kids, it has a demonstrable impact on their behavior and the development of the frontal lobes of their brain."<ref name="Drew">Drew, James. "[http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20041121/NEWS08/411210370/0/NEWS Ohio sniper case may put video games on trial] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715071235/http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20041121%2FNEWS08%2F411210370%2F0%2FNEWS |date=July 15, 2009 }}". ''Toledo Blade'', 2004-11-21.</ref> Thompson has described the proliferation of games by [[Sony]], a Japanese company, as "[[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Pearl Harbor]] 2".<ref name="Lasker">Lasker, John. "[https://archive.today/20130120082317/http://www.daytoncitypaper.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=2399 MURDER SIMULATORS? Railing against video game violence isn't just for Jack Thompson anymore] ". ''Dayton City Paper'', January 4, 2006.</ref> According to Thompson, "Many parents think that stores won't sell an M-rated game to someone under 17. We know that's not true, and, in fact, kids roughly 50 percent of that time, all the studies show, are able to walk into any store and get any game regardless of the rating, no questions asked."<ref name="Cooper360">Cooper, Anderson. ''Anderson Cooper 360''. CNN, October 8, 2005.</ref> |
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Thompson has rejected arguments that such video games are protected by [[freedom of expression]], saying, "Murder simulators are not constitutionally protected speech. They're not even speech. They're dangerous physical appliances that teach a kid how to kill efficiently and to love it," as well as simply calling video games "mental masturbation".<ref name="Benedetti" /> In addition, he has attributed part of the impetus for violent games to the military, saying that it was looking "for a way to disconnect in the soldier's mind the physical act of pulling the trigger from the awful reality that a life may end".<ref name="DenverPost">Thompson, Jack. "Bloodlust video games put kids in the crosshairs". ''Denver Post'', 1999-05-30.</ref> Thompson further claims that some of these games are based on military training and [[simulation]] technologies, such as those being developed at the [[Institute for Creative Technologies]], which, he suggests, were created by the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] to help overcome soldiers' inhibition to kill.<ref name="Worthy">Worthy, Kym. "Why violent video games may be worse than other media violence". ''Michigan Chronicle'', October 5, 2005.</ref> He also claims that the [[PlayStation 2]]'s [[DualShock]] controller "gives you a pleasurable buzz back into your hands with each kill. This is [[operant conditioning]], [[behavior modification]] right out of [[B. F. Skinner]]'s laboratory."<ref name="ShreveportTimesOpEd">Thompson, Jack.{{cite web|url=http://www.shreveporttimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?Date=20060524&Category=OPINION0106&ArtNo=605250314&SectionCat=OPINION03&Template=printart |title=Jack Thompson: Proposal is needed to prevent a Louisiana 'Columbine' |access-date=May 28, 2006 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719052541/http://www.shreveporttimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?Date=20060524&Category=OPINION0106&ArtNo=605250314&SectionCat=OPINION03&Template=printart |archive-date=July 19, 2006 }} . ''Shreveport Times'', 2006-05-24.</ref> |
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In addition, Thompson blames the [[Columbus, Ohio]] sniper shootings on video games since it was found that Charles McCoy Jr. had a [[PlayStation 2]] and the game ''[[The Getaway (video game)|The Getaway]]'' [http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20041121/NEWS08/411210370/0/NEWS]. Thompson also proactively linked ''[[Grand Theft Auto III]]'' to violent crime in general. He also attempted to link the game "Manhunt" to the murder of Stefan Pakeerah,14, by his friend Warren Leblanc,17. After it was later found that Leblanc's actions were due to a drug addiction, Thompson then clamed that a gaming magazine reported that he tried to link "Manhunt" to the killings rather than the police. |
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Although his efforts dealing with video games have generally focused on juveniles, Thompson got involved in a case involving an adult on one occasion in 2004. This was an [[aggravated murder]] case against 29-year-old Charles McCoy Jr., the defendant in a series of highway shootings the previous year around [[Columbus, Ohio]]. When McCoy was captured, a game console and a copy of ''[[The Getaway (video game)|The Getaway]]'' were in his motel room. Although not representing McCoy and over the objections of McCoy's lawyers, Thompson succeeded in getting the court to unseal a [[search warrant]] for McCoy's residence. This showed, among other things, the discovery of additional games ''[[State of Emergency (video game)|State of Emergency]]'', ''[[Max Payne (video game)|Max Payne]]'', and ''[[Dead to Rights]]''. However, he was not allowed to present the evidence to McCoy, whose defense team was relying on an [[insanity defense]] based on [[paranoid schizophrenia]]. In Thompson's estimation, McCoy was the "functional equivalent of a 15-year-old,"<ref name="Drew " /> and "the only thing insane about this case is the (insanity) defense".<ref name="NancyGrace">"Nancy Grace for April 21, 2005, CNNHN". ''Nancy Grace'', CNN, 2005-04-21.</ref> |
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In one [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/03/03/tech/gamecore/main677960.shtml] of a series ([http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/02/24/tech/gamecore/main676446.shtml] |
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[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/03/08/tech/gamecore/main678913.shtml] |
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[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/03/05/tech/gamecore/main678332.shtml]) of "video game violence" interviews by CBS, he compared [[Doug Lowenstein]] of the [[Entertainment Software Association]] to [[Nazi]] propagandist [[Joseph Goebbels]], although the response has since been edited [http://www.kotaku.com/gaming/editorials/cbs-news-balks-cuts-naziesa-story-034275.php]. Months thereafter, Thompson instead compared Lowenstein to [[Adolf Hitler]], in a wordy personal attack nominally veiled as an open letter [http://ve3d.ign.com/articles/633/633763p1.html]. In the [[June 2005]] issue of [[Electronic Gaming Monthly]], Thompson was interviewed and again discussed Lowenstein, this time implying he was worse than [[Saddam Hussein]]. In [[July 2005]], Thompson released the aforementioned open letter, simultaneously praising [[Hillary Clinton]]'s call for federal game legislation and targeting Lowenstein with yet another barrage of personal attacks. |
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=== |
===Early litigation=== |
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Thompson filed a lawsuit on behalf of the parents of three students killed in the [[1997 Heath High School shooting]]. Investigations showed that the perpetrator, 14-year-old Michael Carneal, had regularly played various computer games (including ''[[Doom (1993 video game)|Doom]]'', ''[[Quake (series)|Quake]]'', ''[[Castle Wolfenstein]]'', ''[[Redneck Rampage]]'', ''[[Nightmare Creatures]]'', ''[[MechWarrior (video game series)|MechWarrior]]'', and ''[[Resident Evil (series)|Resident Evil]]'') and accessed some pornographic websites. Carneal had also owned a videotape of ''[[The Basketball Diaries (film)|The Basketball Diaries]]'', which includes a high school student dreaming about shooting his teacher and some classmates. The suit sought $33 million in damages, alleging that the producers of the games, the movie, and the operators of the Internet sites were [[negligence|negligent]] in distributing this material to a minor because it would desensitize him and make him more prone to violence. Additional claims included [[product liability]] for making "defective" products (the defects alleged were violent features and lack of warnings) and violation of RICO, the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]], for distributing this material to minors.<ref name="James1">''[[1997 Heath High School shooting#Lawsuit|James v. Meow Media]]'', 90 F. Supp. 2d 798 (W.D. Ky. 2000).</ref> Said Thompson, "We intend to hurt Hollywood. We intend to hurt the video game industry. We intend to hurt the sex porn sites."<ref name="Prichard">Prichard, James. "Parents of slain students sue entertainment industry companies". ''The Associated Press State & Local Wire'', 1999-04-12.</ref> |
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In [[July 2005]], he once again attacked [[Rockstar North]], specifically the game ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]''. The game was found to contain explicit sexual content on the disc that the developers had removed all in-game access to, but had failed to remove from the disc itself. The sexual [[minigame]] may well have been abandoned before completion. The so called "[[Hot Coffee mod|Hot Coffee]]" sex minigame involved the game's main character wooing his girlfriends in order to have intercourse. While the sexual intercourse content is part of the game's original code, the content was inaccessible from the unmodified game. However, through [[3rd party]] alterations unapproved by developer Rockstar Games, one could access the material and play the sex minigame. As a result of Thompson's attacks, as well as attacks from many other activists against video games, the [[Entertainment Software Rating Board]] (ESRB) gave in to pressure and changed the game's rating from "Mature" (M) to "Adults Only" (AO). |
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The suit was filed in federal district court and was dismissed for failing to present a legally recognizable claim. The court concluded that Carneal's actions were not reasonably foreseeable by the defendants and that, in any case, his actions superseded those of the defendants, so the latter could not therefore be the [[proximate cause]] of the harm. In addition, the judge determined that "thoughts, ideas and images" in the defendants' materials did not constitute "products" that could be considered defective.<ref name="James1" /> The ruling was upheld on appeal.<ref name="James2">''James v. Meow Media'', 300 F.3d 683 (6th Cir. 2002)</ref> |
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Additionally in July 2005, the [[Australian Office of Film and Literature Classification]] upgraded its classification for ''Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'' but as [[Australia]] does not have an "Adults Only" (AO) classification the game itself has been entirely banned throughout the country. |
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===''Grand Theft Auto''=== |
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On [[August 3]], [[2005]], Thompson claimed that ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'' has within it code that can be brought out through similar devices as the ones used to obtain access to the Hot Coffee modification, when the player's character enters a strip club with what would otherwise be a non-nude sex scene. He has claimed that the code allows for full frontal nudity and sexual activity of an extremely vulgar nature. When questioned about his latest accusation among others, his only response was two words: not interested. |
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====Actions in law==== |
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=====Ohio===== |
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In February 2003, Thompson asked permission to file an ''[[amicus curiae]]'' (or "friend of the court") brief in the Ohio case of Dustin Lynch, 16, who was charged with aggravated murder in the death of JoLynn Mishne; Lynch was "obsessed" with ''[[Grand Theft Auto III]]''.<ref name="Hudak">Hudak, Stephen. "Should video game share blame? Father of slain Medina girl says manufacturer is accomplice". ''[[The Plain Dealer]]'', 2003-02-21.</ref> When Judge John Lohn ruled that Lynch would be tried as an adult, Thompson passed a message from Mishne's father to the judge, asserting that "the attorneys had better tell the jury about the violent video game that trained this kid [and] showed him how to kill our daughter, JoLynn. If they don't, I will."<ref name="Hudak2">Hudak, Stephen. "State gets; OK to try teenager as adult 16-year-old accused of killing Medina girl". ''The Plain Dealer'', 2003-05-13.</ref> |
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In a motion sent to the prosecutor, the boy's court-appointed lawyer, and reporters, Thompson asked to be recognized as the boy's lawyer in the case. Medina County Prosecutor Dean Holman, however, said Thompson would be faced with deeply conflicting interests if he were to represent Dustin Lynch because he also advised Mishne's parents.<ref name="Hudak3">Hudak, Stephen. "Lawyer's motive in teen murder trial debated". ''The Plain Dealer'', June 7, 2003.</ref> Claiming that delays had weakened his case, Thompson asked Medina County Common Pleas Judge Christopher Collier to disqualify himself from presiding over the case because the judge had not ruled on Thompson's request for two months.<ref name="Hudak4">Hudak, Stephen. "Lawyer wants in, wants judge out in murder case of Medina teen". ''The Plain Dealer'', 2003-08-19.</ref> The boy himself eventually rejected Thompson's offer, withdrawing his insanity plea. Lynch's mother, Jerrilyn Thomas, who had demanded that Collier appoint Thompson to defend her son, said she changed her mind after visiting with her son in jail, saying that the charge against him "has nothing to do with video games or [[Paroxetine|Paxil]], and my son's no murderer."<ref name="Hudak5">Hudak, Stephen. "Teen can stand trial in girl's murder; Father of slain Medina High pupil upset that video game critic won't be in court". ''The Plain Dealer'', 2003-09-16.</ref> |
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On [[August 12]], [[2005]] several online newspapers published a story from The [[Associated Press]]: "Relatives of two slain Fayette officers turn to suit over video games." Jack Thompson filed a lawsuit representing famillies of two of the three victims in [[Fayette, Alabama]]. The third victim's family later joined the lawsuit. [http://www.tuscaloosanews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050815/APN/508150881&cachetime=3&template=dateline] |
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=====Tennessee===== |
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On [[August 19]], [[2005]] Jack Thompson complained about a buddy icon that featured himself, which can be found on the internet [http://notjackthompson.blogspot.com/ here] (it was originally posted on [http://badassbuddy.bolt.com/ BadassBuddy]). He was terrified about it and contacted the NYPD and the FBI to investigate this case and New York offices of bolt.com to remove the offensive icon. [http://www.gamesarefun.com/news.php?newsid=5446 Source] |
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Thompson returned to file a lawsuit in Tennessee state court in October 2003 on behalf of the victims of two teenage stepbrothers who had pleaded guilty to reckless homicide, endangerment, and assault.<ref name="TNstatecase">''Hamel, et al. v. Sony Computer Ent., et al.'', No. 28,613-III (Cocke County Cir. Court of Tenn. 2003).</ref> Since the boys told investigators they were inspired by ''Grand Theft Auto III'', Thompson sought $246 million in damages from the publisher, [[Take-Two Interactive]], along with [[PlayStation 2]] maker [[Sony Computer Entertainment America]] and retailer [[Wal-Mart]]. The suit charged that the defendants knew or should have known that the game would cause copycat violence.<ref name="Yi">Yi, Matthew. "[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/10/23/BUG0N2H5M41.DTL Gamemaker sued over highway shootings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525101217/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F2003%2F10%2F23%2FBUG0N2H5M41.DTL |date=May 25, 2011 }}". ''San Francisco Chronicle'', 2003-10-23.</ref> On October 22, 2003, the case was removed to the [[U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee]]. Two days later, the plaintiffs filed a notice of [[voluntary dismissal]], and the case was closed.<ref name="TNfedcase">''Hamel, et al. v. Sony Computer Ent., et al.'', No. 2:03cv00375 (E.D. Tenn. October 24, 2003).</ref> |
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==== |
=====Alabama===== |
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{{main|Strickland v. Sony{{!}}''Strickland v. Sony''}} |
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On [[July 22]], [[2005]], after the ''Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'' case was settled, Thompson sought after ''[[The Sims 2]]'', citing, oxymoronically, that "This is no different than what is in San Andreas, although worse.", due to the availability of a mod that removes the censorship fields from all characters when they are nude, which he says allows "[[pedophilia|pedophile]]s" to see computer-rendered nude children [http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/thesims2/news_6129609.html]. In another instance, he claimed "''Sims 2, the latest version of the Sims video game franchise...contains, according to video game news sites, full frontal [[nudity]], including [[nipple]]s, [[penis]]es, [[labia]], and [[pubic hair]].''" He added an accusation that [[Electronic Arts]] (EA) and [[Maxis]] were cooperating with the mod community to "peddle vile smut to minors." |
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Thompson was involved in a similar suit in [[Alabama]] in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by [[Devin Moore (murderer)|Devin Moore]], a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive ''Grand Theft Auto'' player. The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his ''[[pro hac vice]],'' or temporary, admission to practice in that state. The opposing attorneys sought removal of the privilege by arguing that Thompson's conduct was unethical and claiming that he had threatened and harassed them in letters and emails.<ref name="DeWitt1">DeWitt, Robert. "[http://tuscaloosanews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051108/NEWS/511080361/1007 Attorney in Fayette case bows out] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401192943/http://tuscaloosanews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20051108%2FNEWS%2F511080361%2F1007 |date=April 1, 2016 }}". ''Tuscaloosa News'', November 8, 2005.</ref> The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial. Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar. |
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For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost.<ref name="DeWitt2">DeWitt, Robert. "Judge denies attorney's request to withdraw from Devin Moore case". ''Tuscaloosa News'', 2005-11-19.</ref> He also complained about the judge's ethics, saying a local attorney who claimed to have influence on the judge had assured him the case would be dismissed unless the attorney was on Thompson's team,<ref name="DeWitt3">DeWitt, Robert. "Judge stands by Fayette decision". ''Tuscaloosa News'', 2005-11-22.</ref> and also claimed that Rockstar Entertainment and Take Two Interactive posted slanderous comments about him on their website.<ref name="WVUA">Station 7 WVU. Birmingham, Alabama. ''Noon News'', November 3, 2005.</ref> |
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In reality, even with the "blur" removed, ''The Sims 2'' contains no such details; the characters have no visible [[reproductive organ]]s or pubic hair whatsoever, similar to children's [[doll]]s, and female models lack both nipples and [[areola]]s. Thompson further accused EA and [[Will Wright]] of supporting adult custom content specifically. In reality, Will Wright has historically supported all user-created game content universally, on the principle of endorsing personal creativity, innovation, and personalization. Although there are user-created content packages available on the Internet many would consider adult material, they are neither created nor specifically endorsed by Maxis or EA and thus are not a factor in the ESRB's rating of the software. |
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In the aftermath of this lawsuit, Thompson lobbied [[Alabama attorney general]] [[Troy King]] to file a civil suit and call on retailers not to sell "cop-killing games".<ref name="Linn"/> After the slaying of another police officer in [[Gassville, Arkansas]], by [[Jacob D. Robida]], an 18-year-old fugitive, Thompson again raised the possibility of a connection to ''Grand Theft Auto'', but investigators found no evidence that video games were involved.<ref name="Rotermund">Rotermund, Maggie. "[http://www.baxterbulletin.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060208/NEWS01/602080339/1002 Investigators: Video games not linked to shooting]".{{dead link|date=November 2009}} ''The Baxter Bulletin'', February 8, 2006.</ref> |
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Ironically, Thompson's "source" on the ''Sims 2'' controversy was a ''Grand Theft Auto'' modder by the name of illspirit of [http://www.gtagarage.com/mods/index.php GTAGarage.com]. In an attempt to experiment on Thompson's reaction upon receiving only fragments of information about a few video games and to divert attention away from the Hot Coffee scandal, illspirit posed as an anonymous "non-gamer" and provided links to Thompson of games, including ''The Sims 2'', the XBox version of ''[[The Sims Bustin' Out]]'', ''[[God of War]]'', and ''[[Playboy: The Mansion]]'', that showed remote or mild sexual contents, as well as ''[[BMX XXX]]'' [http://illspirit.com/index.php?page=art_of_war]; an exchange of dialog between Thompson and illspirit is believed to have taken place between [[21 July]], [[2005]] and [[22 July]], [[2005]]. illspirit's identity was questioned by Thompson when he attempted to defend his claim that the sexual genitalia in ''The Sims 2'' were likely to be produced by modders and not the game developer. While illspirit had attempted to limit the extent of the misinformation to only the e-mails between himself and Thompson, Thompson nevertheless immediately launched an attack against the ESRB and EA, the latter on the accusation of genitalia in ''The Sims 2'', despite the lack of validity of the source, and the suspicious nature of the anonymous e-mailer. |
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=====Florida===== |
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In an [[Internet]] radio show interview that aired at [[ChatterBox Game Show]], Thompson retracted his previous misstatements about "pubic hair" and other details about which he was misinformed. However, he defended his position on ''The Sims 2'' and expressed his opinion that because [[EA]] does not protect its copyright by stopping the mod community from making adult-oriented changes to the game, that they "lose their right to defend their copyright" in any way. |
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Thompson once reported that he had videotaped a Miami [[Best Buy]] employee selling a copy of ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'' to his son who was 10 at the time. In a letter to Best Buy, he wrote, "Prosecutions and public relations consequences should fall on your Minneapolis headquarters like snowflakes."<ref name="Morris">Morris, Chris. "[https://money.cnn.com/2003/01/29/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/ Crackpot or crusader?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406034701/http://money.cnn.com/2003/01/29/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/ |date=April 6, 2016 }}" ''CNN/Money'', 2003-01-31.</ref> He eventually sued the company in Florida, arguing that it had violated a law against sale of sexual materials deemed harmful to minors. |
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In January 2005, Best Buy agreed that it would enforce an existing policy to check the identification of anyone who appeared to be 17 or under and tried to purchase games rated "M" (for mature audiences).<ref name="Baldas">{{cite web|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1105364082606|title=Video Game Industry Explodes With Legal, Regulatory Issues|last=Baldas|first=Tresa|date=2005-01-11|work=[[The National Law Journal]]|publisher=Law.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060529115657/http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1105364082606|archive-date=2006-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref> No law in effect at the time prohibited selling "M" rated video games to juveniles. |
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====''Bully''==== |
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During the first week of [[August 2005]], Thompson publicly protested Rockstar's yet to be released video game ''[[Bully (game)|Bully]]''; as part of the protest, he recruited two school buses of children to join him [http://www.gamespot.com/news/2005/08/03/news_6130289.html]. (This incident prompted Internet personality [[Seanbaby]] to challenge Thompson to a fight on the [[G4 (television)|G4]] television program ''[[Attack of the Show!]]''). He has also sent Microsoft chairman [[Bill Gates]] an e-mail stating that he has 54 days to stop the release of ''Bully'' on the XBox, insinuating a threat of legal action. |
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==== |
=====New Mexico===== |
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In September 2006, Thompson and attorney Steven Sanders filed a suit in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], against [[Sony]], [[Take-Two]], [[Rockstar Games]], and teenage killer Cody Posey, for the wrongful death of three members of Posey's family. The suit, on behalf of surviving family members, claimed that "obsessively" playing ''Grand Theft Auto: Vice City'' made violence "pleasurable and attractive," disconnected violence from consequences, and caused Posey to "act out, copycat, replicate and emulate the violence" when in July 2004 he shot and killed his father, stepmother, and stepsister and then buried them under a manure pile. According to Thompson, "Posey essentially practiced how to kill on this game. If it wasn't for ''Grand Theft Auto,'' three people might not now be dead."<ref name="Krueger">Gutierrez Krueger, Joline. "[http://www.abqtrib.com/news/2006/sep/25/video-game-maker-blamed-04-killing/ Video-game maker blamed in '04 killing] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825065157/http://www.abqtrib.com/news/2006/sep/25/video-game-maker-blamed-04-killing/ |date=August 25, 2007 }}". ''The Albuquerque Tribune'', 2006-09-25.</ref> |
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On [[August 5]], [[2005]], [[wikiquote:Jack Thompson (attorney)#Open letter to the ESRB|Thompson sent an e-mail]] to [[Patricia Vance]], president of the ESRB, this time accusing them of being too lenient on the game ''[[Killer 7]]''. He cited as evidence a review on [[IGN]] [http://cube.ign.com/articles/630/630908p1.html], which he referred to only as "this pro-violent video games site", which had this to say: |
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The suit claimed that Thompson had been told by a sheriff's deputy that the game and a Sony [[PlayStation 2]] were found at the ranch. The suit also claimed that the game taught Posey "how to point and shoot a gun in a fashion making him an extraordinarily effective killer without teaching him any of the constraints or responsibilities needed to inhibit such a killing capacity."<ref name="Lawsuitblames">"Lawsuit blames 'Grand Theft Auto' video game for teen shooting family at N.M. ranch". ''The Associated Press State & Local Wire'', 2006-09-26.</ref> The game in question does not actually teach the player anything about handling a firearm. Gary Mitchell, Posey's attorney, said Thompson contacted him "numerous times" before the trial, urging him to highlight the game in Posey's defense, but Mitchell said he "just didn't find it had any merit whatsoever."<ref name="Romo">Romo, Rene. "[http://www.abqjournal.com/paperboy/text//news/state/496235nm09-26-06.htm Relatives of Posey's Victims Say Video Game Helped Turn Teenager Into a Killer] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217102929/http://www.abqjournal.com/paperboy/text/ |date=December 17, 2010 }}". ''Albuquerque Journal'', 2006-09-26.</ref> |
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<blockquote>"...profanity, sex and bloodshed are commonplace… We can’t stress it enough: kids should not play Killer 7. Not just because there’s an M on the box, but because for once that M really means something. There’s much more than blood and guts in the game. Everything from the design of puzzles to the subject matter is designed for older players and it’s really that simple...And there are cinematics that feature full-blown sex sequences...Killer 7’s adult themes, which encapsulate extremely violent, profane and sexual situations, as well as a wide range of issues from terrorism to the sale of children, make the M on the box really mean something [http://www.joystiq.com/entry/1234000370053344/]."</blockquote> |
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====Take-Two reaction==== |
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However, the only "full blown sex sequence" in the whole of ''Killer 7'' consisted of two fully clothed people, a little movement, and some implicit moaning, that, in the eyes of many, is content no worse than in a [[PG-13]] movie. Whatever his reason was, Thompson continued to urge Vance to contact retailers and ask them to pull the game from shelves, adding that, unlike the Hot Coffee case, this was a case of the ESRB "that the 'full-blown sex sequences' are patently present in the game, yet you (Vance or the ESRB) chose to put an 'M' rather than an 'AO' rating on it." |
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On March 14, 2007, Take-Two [[Take-Two Interactive v. John B. Thompson|filed a lawsuit]] seeking to permanently [[enjoin]] Thompson from filing any public nuisance action against the company that would block the sales to minors of the unreleased video games ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]'' and ''[[Manhunt 2]]''. The suit alleged that Thompson's lawsuits violated the company's [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] rights.<ref name="Ganapati">Ganapati, Priya. "[http://www.thestreet.com/_googlen/newsanalysis/techgames/10345024.html?cm_ven=GOOGLEN&cm_cat=FREE&cm_ite=NA Take-Two Goes After Chief Critic] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115429/http://www.thestreet.com/_googlen/newsanalysis/techgames/10345024.html?cm_ven=GOOGLEN&cm_cat=FREE&cm_ite=NA |date=March 4, 2016 }}". ''TheStreet.com'', 2007-03-16.</ref> |
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Responding, Thompson said: "I have been praying, literally, that Take-Two and its lawyers would do something so stupid, so arrogant, so dumb, even dumber than what they have to date done, that such a misstep would enable me to destroy Take-Two."<ref name="Kesten">Kesten, Lou. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110523042944/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/tech/D8O0N5580.htm 'God of War II' takes over PlayStation 2]". ''BusinessWeek'', 2007-03-21.</ref> On April 19, 2007, Thompson and Take-Two settled the suit, with Thompson agreeing not to seek any legal restriction on sales of Take-Two's games, threaten to sue the company, or accuse Take-Two of any wrongdoing based on the sale of any of its games. |
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Thompson claimed that the ESRB was involved in "a criminal [[conspiracy]] to distribute sexual material harmful to minors in violation of criminal statutes", a claim made similarly during his attack on ''The Sims 2''. He also threatened to call for the ESRB's dismantlement. |
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One analyst said that the settlement was likely to mute his public pronouncements and lawsuits against the company.<ref name="Ganapati2">Ganapati, Priya. "[http://www.thestreet.com/_googlen/newsanalysis/techgames/10351639.html Take-Two Settles With Critic] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192120/http://www.thestreet.com/_googlen/newsanalysis/techgames/10351639.html |date=March 4, 2016 }}". ''TheStreet.com'', 2007-09-19.</ref> However, upon the game's 2008 release, Thompson called ''Grand Theft Auto IV'' "the gravest assault upon children in this country since [[polio]]," and asked Minnesota Governor [[Tim Pawlenty]] to "pursue and file criminal charges against [Minnesota-based retailers] Target and Best Buy".<ref name="Ojeda">Ojeda-Zapata, Julio. "[http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_9086726 'GTA IV' releases mayhem — and parental anxiety] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115203234/http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_9086726 |date=January 15, 2016 }}". ''[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]'' 2008-04-28.</ref> He also sent a letter to Take-Two chairman Strauss Zelnick's attorney, addressed to Zelnick's mother, in which Thompson accused her son of "doing everything he possibly can to sell as many copies of GTA: IV to teen boys in the United States, a country in which your son claims you raised him to be a 'a [[Boy Scout]]'. ... More like the [[Hitler Youth]], I would say."<ref name="Hawke">Hawke, Jack. "[http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=559596 Grand Theft Auto IV cracks $500m mark] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924071309/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=559596 |date=September 24, 2012 }}". ''[[Ninemsn]]'' 2008-05-08.</ref> On May 1, 2008, Thompson appeared on the [[CNN Headline News]] program ''[[Glenn Beck (TV program)|Glenn Beck]]'', asserting that the game's sexual content made its sale to minors illegal, and that he was working with law enforcement to have criminal prosecutions brought.<ref name="CNN080501">''[[Glenn Beck (TV program)|Glenn Beck]]''. ''[[CNN Headline News]]'', 2008-05-01.</ref> Thompson also filed a complaint with the [[Chicago Transit Authority]] about poster ads for the game at Chicago, Illinois bus stops.<ref name="Dawkins">Dawkins, Tao. "[http://www.pal-item.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080504/NEWS01/805040335/1008 Local gamers celebrate premiere]".{{dead link|date=November 2009}} ''[[Palladium-Item]]'' 2008-05-04.</ref> |
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Thompson forwarded an exact e-mail to [[Scott Ramsoomair]], the creator of the [[webcomic]] ''[[VG Cats]]''. Ramsoomair began an e-mail dialogue with Thompson, but Thompson followed his strategy of [[ad hominem]] insults and avoiding the questions asked. Thompson eventually insinuated that all gamers, including Ramsoomair, are [[drug addict]]s. Thompson followed by threatening legal action against Ramsoomair for responding to the insults. Ramsoomair would later post the dialogue on his website [http://www.vgcats.com/jack.php]. |
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==== |
====GameZone emails==== |
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In September 2013, Thompson expressed his hatred of ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]'' during a series of e-mails exchange with GameZone writer Lance Liebl during its launch week. The game happened to launch the day after the [[Washington Navy Yard shooting]]. Traditional media outlets such as [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] and [[MSNBC]] sought out to find proof that violent video games, such as ''Grand Theft Auto V'', had a role in the brutal killings. GameZone responded by writing an article that disagrees with this.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamezone.com/originals/2013/09/17/video-games-getting-blamed-for-navy-yard-attack-is-misdirection-and-irresponsible-of-mainstream-media |title=Video games getting blamed for Navy Yard attack is misdirection and irresponsible of mainstream media |last=Leibl |first=Lance |date=17 September 2013 |publisher=GameZone |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920004907/http://www.gamezone.com/originals/2013/09/17/video-games-getting-blamed-for-navy-yard-attack-is-misdirection-and-irresponsible-of-mainstream-media |archive-date=2013-09-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> These caught Thompson's attention, who then sent an e-mail to the site. "Look, Lance," he wrote in an email, "[[American Psychological Association|The American Psychological Association]] has established a causal link between these games and increased aggression. The Dept. of Defense uses them for that purpose." Liebl responded by offering Thompson a chance to come on the site and explain his stance, which he refused, describing [[gamer]]s as "too brain-impaired to get it."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamezone.com/originals/2013/09/18/gta-5-releases-a-wild-jack-thompson-appears-gamers-addiction-has-made-them-retarded |title=GTA 5 releases, a wild Jack Thompson appears: 'Gamers addiction has made them retarded' |last=Leibl |first=Matt |date=18 September 2013 |publisher=GameZone |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921105528/http://www.gamezone.com/originals/2013/09/18/gta-5-releases-a-wild-jack-thompson-appears-gamers-addiction-has-made-them-retarded |archive-date=2013-09-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Thompson has now started to speak out against Rockstar Games' newest title, ''[[The Warriors (video game)|The Warriors]]'', an upcoming video game for the [[PlayStation 2]] and [[Xbox]] gaming systems, based on the [[The Warriors|movie of the same name]]. He has said that it should be rated AO by ESRB or he will do it himself, despite the fact that the movie the game is based off of recieved an R-Rating from the [[MPAA]] (An R-Rating is the equivalent to an M-Rated game, as AO is to NC-17/X). He has described ''The Warriors'' as being a "murder simulator" and that "it should not be sold to anyone under 18, or anyone for that matter." The Warriors has not yet recieved a rating from the ESRB, but many believe that it will most likely be rated M if ESRB decides to not comply with Thompson, the latter being the most likely result. |
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===''Bully''=== |
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==="A Modest Video Game Proposal"=== |
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Beginning in 2005, Thompson supported a campaign to discourage Take-Two's subsidiary, [[Rockstar Games]], from releasing a game called ''[[Bully (video game)|Bully]]'', in which, according to Thompson, "what you are in effect doing is rehearsing your physical revenge and violence against those whom you have been victimized by. And then you, like [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold|Klebold and Harris]] in Columbine, become the ultimate bully."<ref name="Dobbs">Dobbs, Lou. ''Lou Dobbs Tonight''. CNN, 2005-08-24.</ref> According to Thompson, the game "shows you how to—by bullying—take over your school. You punch people; you hit them with sling shots; you dunk their heads in dirty toilets. There's white-on-black crime in the game. You bludgeon teachers and classmates with bats. It's absolutely nuts."<ref name="Sledge">{{cite web|author=Sledge, Kaffie|url=http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/mld/ledgerenquirer/14462838.htm |title=Violent video games not reality |access-date=May 1, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515174221/http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/mld/ledgerenquirer/14462838.htm |archive-date=May 15, 2006|work=Columbus Ledger-Enquirer|date=April 30, 2006}}</ref> Thompson sued [[Wal-Mart]], [[Best Buy]], [[Target Corporation|Target]], [[Circuit City (1949–2009 company)|Circuit City]], [[GameStop]], and [[Toys "R" Us|Toys 'R' Us]], seeking an order to bar the game's release.<ref name="Hoag">Hoag, Christina. "[http://www.thefreeradical.ca/videoGames/articlesOnBully.html Activist bullies video game sellers." ''Knight Ridder Tribune Business News'', 2005-08-18.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422040621/http://www.thefreeradical.ca/videoGames/articlesOnBully.html |date=2017-04-22 }}</ref> He also participated in a protest at Rockstar's office that also included students from Peaceaholics, a Washington, D.C., mentoring organization.<ref name="Moult">Moult, Julie. "Slam at Vid Jerks". ''New York Post'', August 3, 2005.</ref> Thompson said he hoped that the pressure would get retailers to refuse to carry the game.<ref name="Pinzur">Pinzur, Matthew I.{{cite web|url=http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/14084718.htm |title=Secretive new video game might inspire school bullies |access-date=March 14, 2006 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114090701/http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/14084718.htm |archive-date=November 14, 2006 }} . ''Miami Herald'', 2006-03-13.</ref> In March 2006, the [[Miami-Dade County Public Schools]] board unanimously passed a [[resolution (law)|resolution]] criticizing the game and urging retailers not to sell the game to minors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eschoolnews.com/news/showstoryts.cfm?Articleid=6203|title= Miami-Dade to Bully maker: Game over |author=Brumfeld, Robert|work=eSchool News|date=March 21, 2006|access-date=January 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715222007/http://www.eschoolnews.com/news/showstoryts.cfm?Articleid=6203|archive-date=July 15, 2007}}</ref> |
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On [[October 10]], [[2005]] Thompson sent another open letter to members of the press and [[Entertainment Software Association|ESA]] president, [[Douglas Lowenstein|Doug Lowenstein]]. In it, he proposes a that if someone "create, manufacture, distribute, and sell a video game in 2006" that allows players to play the scenario he has written, he will donate $10,000 to the charity of [[Take Two Interactive|Take Two]]'s chairman [[Paul Eibeler]]'s choosing [http://gc.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid=5883]. |
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Thompson also criticized [[Bill Gates]] and [[Microsoft]] for contracting with Rockstar Games to release the game on the [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]].<ref name=Tribune/> The Xbox version has since been cancelled for undisclosed reasons, but a version was released years later on the [[Xbox 360]]. In August 2006, Thompson requested a congressional subpoena for an early copy, threatening to file suit in Miami if he did not gain help from U.S. Rep. [[Cliff Stearns]]. Once the game is out, according to Thompson, "the horse will be out of the barn and it will be too late to do anything about it". Thompson argued that it violated Florida's [[public nuisance]] laws, which prohibit activities that can injure the health of the community.<ref name="TechWeb">Jones, K.C.{{cite web|url=http://www.techweb.com/wire/ebiz/191902549 |title=Lawyer Fighting To Ban 'Columbine Simulator' |access-date=August 15, 2006 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119204802/http://www.techweb.com/wire/ebiz/191902549 |archive-date=January 19, 2007 }}, ''TechWeb Technology News'', 2006-08-14</ref> |
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The game proposal is considerably voilent, following a disgruntled father of a killing victim who takes his revenge upon the games industry which he blames for 'training' the man who killed his son. The father begins a spree of murders in retaliation, attacking the offices of 'Take This' who made the game and killing the chairman 'Paula Eibeler' and her family, before beginning a road trip across the states back to [[Los Angeles]] assaulting the law firm 'Blank, Stare' who represent 'Take, This' and various gaming arcades and games stores before ariving at [[E3]] and completing a "monstrously delicious rampage" on the participants. |
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Rockstar Games co-founder Terry Donovan responded, saying "I would prefer it if we could simply make great games and not have to deal with misunderstanding and misperception of what we do."<ref name=autogenerated1>Kesten, Lou. "The week in video-game news", Associated Press, August 16, 2006</ref> After receiving no response from Rockstar regarding an advance copy, Thompson filed the public nuisance complaint against [[Wal-Mart]], [[Take-Two Interactive]], and [[GameStop]], demanding that he be allowed to preview the game before its October 17 release date. Take-Two offered to bring in a copy and let both Judge Ronald Friedman and Thompson view the game in the judge's chambers on October 12, 2006.<ref name="bullycourt">Slagle, Matt. "[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2006Oct12/0,4670, BullyLawsuit,00.html Judge to Weigh in on 'Bully' Video Game] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195039/http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2006Oct12/0%2C4670%2CBullyLawsuit%2C00.html |date=March 3, 2016 }}". Associated Press, 2006-10-12.</ref> The judge ultimately saw no reason to restrict sales and dismissed the complaint the next day.<ref name="Slagle2">Slagle, Matt. "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/13/AR2006101301095.html New Game Renews Criticism of Violence] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816224053/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/13/AR2006101301095.html |date=August 16, 2016 }}". Associated Press, 2006-10-13.</ref> |
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The content of the concept follows very similarly with Thompson's view on the way games affect people and has proposed a storyline where the victims aren't civillians, but those responsible for releasing other violent games. It also plays against the continued cry from the games industry and media that video games don't turn someone into a killer, effectively making the industry put its money where its mouth in in testing this claim. |
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Thompson was critical of the judge's decision, telling the judge "You did not see the game... You don't even know what it was you saw," as well as accusing the Take-Two employee who demonstrated the game of avoiding the most violent parts.<ref name="careyBridget">Carey, Bridget.{{cite web|url=http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/business/technology/15756118.htm |title=Judge doesn't object to video game 'Bully'|work=Miami Herald|date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=October 16, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105000744/http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/business/technology/15756118.htm |archive-date=November 5, 2006 }}</ref> [[Blank Rome]] subsequently filed a motion to have Thompson's behavior declared "contempt for the court". Judge Friedman then [[recusal|recused]] himself from ruling, and instead filed a complaint against Thompson with The Florida Bar, calling Thompson's behavior "inappropriate by a member of the bar, unprofessional and contemptible".<ref name="contempt">{{cite web|author=Tilley, Steve|url=http://www.calgarysun.com/cgi-bin/publish.cgi?p=160396&x=articles&s=hype|title=Bullying Justice|work=Calgary Sun|date=November 1, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713134927/http://www.calgarysun.com/cgi-bin/publish.cgi?p=160396&x=articles&s=hype|archive-date=July 13, 2007|access-date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> |
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===Howard Stern=== |
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An indecency complaint Thompson filed with the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] regarding the contents of a [[2003]] edition of [[Howard Stern]]'s radio show resulted in [[Clear Channel Communications]] being fined $496,000 in [[2004]]. The network subsequently dropped Stern from 6 of their stations. |
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Thompson later drew attention to the game's main character, a 15-year-old male, being able to kiss other boys. Thompson wrote to [[ESRB]] president Patricia Vance, "We just found gay sexual content in ''Bully'' as [[Bully (video game)#Main characters|Jimmy Hopkins]] makes out with another male student. Good luck with your Teen rating now." The ESRB responded by saying they were already aware that the content was in the game when they rated it.<ref name="gameroundup">"[https://www.usatoday.com/tech/gaming/2006-11-03-news-bytes_x.htm Game roundup: Wait for 'Burning Crusade'; 'Mansfield' a 96-hour keeper] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105024538/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/gaming/2006-11-03-news-bytes_x.htm |date=January 5, 2012 }}". ''USA Today'', 2006-11-03.</ref> |
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==Correspondence== |
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Thompson has gained notoriety as an exceptionally caustic and combative individual, to some extent borne out in many examples of interchanges between him and other individuals surfacing in e-mails posted to the Internet, as well as interviews and media appearances. In his communications, a number of specific traits and tendencies have been observed: |
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===''Manhunt''=== |
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* He has been commonly accused of, and many times proven to, use half-truths and misinformation to persuade others to accept his views. |
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During the aftermath of the murder of Stefan Pakeerah by his friend Warren Leblanc in [[Leicestershire]], England, the game ''[[Manhunt (video game)|Manhunt]]'' was linked after the media wrongfully claimed police found a copy in Leblanc's room. The police officially denied any link, citing drug-related robbery as the motive and revealing that the game had been found in Pakeerah's bedroom, not Leblanc's. Thompson, who had heard of the murder, claimed that he had written to Rockstar after the game was released, warning them that the nature of the game could inspire copycat killings: "I wrote warning them that somebody was going to copycat the ''Manhunt'' game and kill somebody. We have had dozens of killings in the U.S. by children who had played these types of games. This is not an isolated incident. These types of games are basically murder simulators. There are people being killed over here almost on a daily basis."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/07/30/uk.manhunt.storeban/ | title = Retailer pulls 'murder' video game | date = July 30, 2004 | publisher = [[CNN]] | access-date = 2012-11-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150527064255/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/07/30/uk.manhunt.storeban/ | archive-date = 2015-05-27 | url-status = live }}</ref> Soon thereafter, the Pakeerah family hired Thompson with the aim of suing [[Sony Computer Entertainment|Sony]] and Rockstar for £50 million in a [[wrongful death claim]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.out-law.com/page-4760 | publisher = Out-law.com | date = August 2, 2004 | title = Sony to be sued over ''Manhunt'' murder | access-date = 2012-11-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130314111918/http://www.out-law.com/page-4760 | archive-date = 2013-03-14 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
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* He frequently utilizes [[ad hominem]] attacks and slanderous "low blows" against those who disagree with him, as well as simply insulting his detractors, be they politely-worded or otherwise, with a variety of invectives. |
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* He frequently will either imply or blatantly insult those that express dissenting opinions as being [[mentally ill]], [[mentally deficient]], [[brain damage]]d, or on drugs. |
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* Accusations by him that those he disagrees with suffer from [[Tourette's syndrome]], made without any substantiating proof or even the suggested condition's relevancy to the subject being discussed, are especially common. |
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* He has ignored individuals who point out factual errors or misstatements made by him and who supply substantiating proof or references, or has responded with the above described behaviors while intentionally failing to acknowledge or respond to the individual's mention of his (Thompson's) errors. |
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* He has provoked several people who have e-mailed him by telling them that they should enter treatment facilities. When they respond to his comments, he invokes the protection of the Florida [[cyberstalking|Cyberstalker]] Law and threatened legal action against them. |
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*He often invokes broad negative stereotypes against gamers in general. For example, in an e-mail correspondence with [[Scott Ramsoomair]], he questions: "HOnestly [sic], are all of you gamers on drugs, or what?"[http://www.vgcats.com/jack.php]. In a correspondence with Ryan Acheson (Gaming writer for The Horror Channel’s Dread Central), he identifies "gamers' ideas" as "the latest oxymoron"[http://aelon.net/2005/07/jack-thompson-straw-man/]. |
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Jack Thompson would later vow to permanently ban the game during the release of the sequel ''[[Manhunt 2]]''. Thompson said he planned to sue Take-Two/Rockstar in an effort to have both ''Manhunt 2'' and ''Grand Theft Auto IV'' banned as "public nuisances", saying "killings have been specifically linked to Take-Two's ''Manhunt'' and ''Grand Theft Auto'' games. [I have] asked Take-Two and retailers to stop selling Take-Two's 'Mature' murder simulation games to kids. They all refuse. They are about to be told by a court of law that they must adhere to the logic of their own 'Mature' labels."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/10/jack-thompson-suing-take-two-2007-edition/ |title= Jack Thompson suing Take-Two (2007 Edition) |author= Alexander Sliwinski |publisher= [[Joystiq]] |date= March 10, 2007 |access-date= 2012-11-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140811122308/http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/10/jack-thompson-suing-take-two-2007-edition |archive-date= 2014-08-11 |url-status= live }}</ref> |
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Ultimately many, if not most or all, who do not accept and support his views verbatim find it at best extraordinarily difficult and at worst literally impossible to engage in a constructive dialogue or discussion with Mr. Thompson. Thompson has also refused outright to comment to the media and has gone as far as to not even return media requests. |
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The suits were eradicated when Take-Two petitioned [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida|U.S. District Court, SD FL]] to block the impending lawsuit, on the grounds that video games purchased for private entertainment could not be considered public nuisances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gamepolitics.com/2007/03/16/breaking-take-two-sues-jack-thompson |title=Take-Two sues Jack Thompson over ''Manhunt 2'', ''GTA 4'' |publisher=[[GamePolitics.com]] |date=March 16, 2007 |access-date=2012-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722105809/http://gamepolitics.com/2007/03/16/breaking-take-two-sues-jack-thompson |archive-date=July 22, 2012 }}</ref> The following day, Thompson wrote on his website "I have been praying, literally, that Take-Two and its lawyers would do something so stupid, that such a misstep would enable me to destroy Take-Two. The pit Take-Two has dug for itself will be patently clear next week when I strike back."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gamepolitics.com/2007/03/17/thompson-reacts-to-take-two-lawsuit |title=Thompson reacts to Take-Two lawsuit |publisher=[[GamePolitics.com]] |date=March 17, 2007 |access-date=2012-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722110138/http://gamepolitics.com/2007/03/17/thompson-reacts-to-take-two-lawsuit |archive-date=July 22, 2012 }}</ref> |
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Rhetoric and affectations nonwithstanding, Thompson has repeatedly, demonstrably lied about a wide range of issues in order to advance his arguments; more recently he has claimed that ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' allows players to rape and kill pregnant women and/or children, and he has also accused [[Electronic Arts]] of including detailed full frontal nudity and graphic sex in ''[[The Sims 2]]'', which he likened to a pedophile training tool [http://www.gamespot.com/news/2005/07/22/news_6129609.html]. Whether these falsehoods were propagated as deliberate manipulations, or whether Thompson genuinely believed these and numerous other incorrect claims, is unknown. |
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== |
===''Mortal Kombat''=== |
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In October 2006, Thompson sent a letter to [[Midway Games]], demanding they [[cease and desist]] selling the latest game in the ''[[Mortal Kombat (series)|Mortal Kombat]]'' series, ''[[Mortal Kombat: Armageddon]]'', claiming that the game was illegally profiting on his likeness, because gamers could use the character creation option to make a character who looked like Thompson.<ref name="gameroundup" /> Midway did not respond to his letter. |
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Jack Thompson has a set of arguments and prejudicial phrases that he constantly reinforces in public speech. |
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===Activism and lobbying=== |
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* Thompson describes video games with violent or competitive content as 'murder simulators'. He usually describes violent or sexual content as being 'harmful'. |
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[[File:Видеоскриншот из игры S.T.A.L.K.E.R. Mobile.gif|thumb|right|Thompson and [[Eugene F. Provenzo]] believe that [[first-person shooter]] games provide children with "efficient killing skills".<ref name="Provenzo" />]] |
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In addition to filing lawsuits, Thompson has pushed for measures against similar games in a variety of public settings. He wrote a joint article in the ''[[Christian Science Monitor]]'' with [[Eugene F. Provenzo]], a University of Miami professor who studies the effects of video games on children. Originally brought together to provide opposing viewpoints on ''[[60 Minutes]]'' in the aftermath of the [[Columbine High School massacre]], they said they had become friends and were collaborating on a book. They described themselves as having "a shared belief that first-person shooter video games are bad for our children, teaching them to act aggressively and providing them with efficient killing skills and romanticized and trivialized scenarios for killing in the real world".<ref name="Provenzo">Provenzo, Eugene F. Jr. and Jack Thompson. "[http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1019/p09s01-coop.html A political odd couple's advice on finding common ground] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193609/http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1019/p09s01-coop.html |date=March 3, 2016 }}." ''Christian Science Monitor'', 2004-10-19.</ref> |
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Thompson has supported legislation in a number of states that would ban sales of violent and sexually explicit video games to minors.<ref name="Baldas" /> In response to [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] concerns, he argued that the games were a "public safety hazard."<ref name="Snyder">Snyder, David. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/805019011.html?FMT=ABS Md. House Panel Hesitant on Video Game Restrictions] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006085849/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/805019011.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}". ''Washington Post'', March 9, 2005.</ref> However, he rejected as "completely unconstitutional" [[Hillary Clinton]]'s proposed legislation to ban sales to minors of games rated "M" for Mature by the [[Entertainment Software Rating Board]]. Thompson contended that the government could not enforce a private-sector standard but had to depend on a [[Miller test|''Miller'' obscenity test]]. He charged that Clinton was simply positioning herself politically, with the support of the gaming industry, by proposing a bill which he felt she knew would be unconstitutional.<ref name="Star-Telegram">Thompson, Jack. "What kind of game is Hillary Clinton playing?" ''Fort Worth Star-Telegram'', 2005-12-11.</ref> |
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* Thompson asserts that young persons accused of violent crimes have 'trained' or 'rehearsed' their actions using violent games. |
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In July 2005, Thompson sent a letter to several politicians urging them to investigate ''[[The Sims 2]]'', alleging that the game contained nudity accessible by entering special codes. Thompson called the nudity inappropriate for a game rated "T" for Teen, a rating which indicates suitability for anyone 13 and older. Manufacturer [[Electronic Arts]] dismissed the allegations, with vice president Jeff Brown explaining that game characters have "no anatomical detail" under their clothes, effectively resembling [[Barbie]] dolls. Although the game does display blurred-out patches over body regions when characters are naked, such as when taking a shower, Brown said that was for "humorous effect" and denied there was anything improper about the game.<ref name="Wingfield">Wingfield, Nick. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/wsj/access/872507961.html?FMT=ABS Guess What's Hiding in Your Videogame] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006085913/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/wsj/access/872507961.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}." ''The Wall Street Journal'', 2005-07-26.</ref> Nevertheless, a command that could be entered into the [[Console (video game CLI)|in-game console]] in order to disable the blur effect was removed from the game in an expansion. No official reason was given for the change. |
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* Thompson asserts that video games are used by the military to desensitize and remove the inhibition to kill. There is no evidence of any commercial game being used for this purpose by military forces anywhere in the world. The source of this misinformation is most likely the literature of [[Dave Grossman (author)|Dave Grossman]], a fellow ersatz censorship advocate. |
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In [[Louisiana]], Thompson helped draft a 2006 bill sponsored by state representative [[Roy Burrell]] to ban the sale of violent video games to buyers under 18 ([[Louisiana House Bill 1381|HB1381]]). In an effort to avoid constitutional problems, it avoided trying to define "violent" and instead adopted a variation of the [[Miller test|''Miller'' obscenity test]]: sales to minors would be illegal based on community standards if the game appealed to "the minor's morbid interest in violence", was patently offensive based on adult standards of suitability for minors, and lacked serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors. The bill was passed unanimously by the state House and approved by the Senate Judiciary A Committee, despite industry opposition and predictions that it too would be unconstitutional.<ref name="Hasten">Hasten, Mike.{{cite web|url=http://www.shreveporttimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060531/NEWS01/305310004/1002/NEWS |title=Video game sales ban advances to La. Senate |access-date=June 2, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060722004113/http://www.shreveporttimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20060531%2FNEWS01%2F305310004%2F1002%2FNEWS |archive-date=July 22, 2006 }} . ''Shreveport Times'', May 5, 2006.</ref> ''[[The Shreveport Times]]'' editorialized that Thompson's support of the bill "should immediately set off alarms" and described Thompson as someone who "thrives on chasing cultural ambulances".<ref name="ShreveportTimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.shreveporttimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060516/OPINION03/605160311/1007 |title=Video game ban misses target |access-date=August 14, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060814154216/http://www.shreveporttimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20060516%2FOPINION03%2F605160311%2F1007 |archive-date=August 14, 2006 }}. ''Shreveport Times'', May 16, 2006.</ref> In defense of the bill, Thompson said that it was needed for public safety, and that it was a "miracle" that a Columbine-type event hadn't happened yet in Louisiana.<ref name="2theadvocate">Thompson, John Bruce. "[http://www.2theadvocate.com/opinion/2998381.html La. needs video game sales restrictions] {{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}". ''WBRZ News 2'', June 8, 2006.</ref> However, the ESA filed suit under ''[[Entertainment Software Association v. Foti]]'', and U.S. District Judge [[James Joseph Brady|James Brady]] issued a preliminary injunction, temporarily blocking the law from taking effect until full judicial review can be done.<ref name="WilmingtonStar">"[http://www.wilmingtonstar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060825/APA/608250712 La. Ban of Some Video Games Blocked] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011095653/http://www.wilmingtonstar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20060825%2FAPA%2F608250712 |date=October 11, 2007 }}." ''Wilmington Star'', August 25, 2006.</ref> The law was [[permanent injunction|permanently enjoined]] in late November 2006, and the state was ordered to pay the legal fees of the plaintiffs. Judge Brady was "dumbfounded" that state legislators and Louisiana Governor [[Kathleen Blanco]] wasted taxpayer money by trying to enact the law.<ref name="KATC">{{cite web|url=http://www.katc.com/Global/story.asp?S=6374154 |title=State has to pay legal fees over defunct video law |access-date=April 16, 2007 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928065417/http://www.katc.com/Global/story.asp?S=6374154 |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}. ''KATC3'', April 16, 2007.</ref> |
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* Thompson frequently refers to medical studies that he claims scientifically prove that there is a link between violent media and aggressive behaviour. Although he has used several variations of this argument, a statement on his website is typical of the approach taken:<p>"''Recent medical brain scan studies at [[Harvard]] and [[Indiana University]] prove ... children's brain functions are damaged by a steady diet of violent images and messages.''"</p><p>The Indiana University study makes no mention of children's brain functions being 'damaged' by exposure to violent media. It is mentioned that "''there is a difference in the brain activation patterns of youths with [[Disruptive Behaviour Disorder]] and those without when exposed to a specific stimulus''", but it is not explicitly claimed that there is a correlation between exposure to violent media and brain activity.</p><p>Furthermore this study was funded by "[[Center for Successful Parenting]]" (a lobby group campaigning against media violence), which Thompson neglects to mention. |
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At one point, Thompson was asked by the [[National Institute on Media and the Family]] to stop invoking the organization's name in his campaigns. NIMF president David Walsh felt Thompson cast the organization in a bad light whenever he brought up their name. "Your commentary has included extreme hyperbole and your tactics have included personally attacking individuals for whom I have a great deal of respect," Walsh said in an open letter to Thompson.<ref name="Tilley2">Tilley, Steve. "Spielberg Grabs the Controller." ''Toronto Sun'', 2005-10-23.</ref> |
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* Thompson states as fact that games with adult content are developed for and marketed to children. |
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Thompson has additionally worked to influence police investigations concerning violent acts which he views as being connected to violence in video games media. On June 2, 2006, Thompson suggested that [[West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana]], police detectives, investigating the murder of 55-year-old Michael Gore by 17-year-old Kurt Edward Neher, should look into the video games played by Neher. According to Sheriff J. Austin Daniel, an autopsy showed Gore was beaten to death as well as shot in the face. Concerning this, Thompson stated that "nobody shoots anybody in the face unless you're a hit man or a video gamer."<ref name="Minton">{{cite web|last=Minton|first=James|date=2006-06-03|url= http://www.2theadvocate.com/news/police/2924321.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060617221000/http://www.2theadvocate.com/news/police/2924321.html|archive-date= 2006-06-17|title=Video games seized from teen's home|publisher=The Advocate| access-date=2006-06-03}}</ref> |
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* Recently, he has claimed that third-party non-destructive modification of video games violates the publisher's [[copyright]] or the terms of the [[EULA]]. |
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===Other public commentary=== |
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==Response== |
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Thompson predicted that the perpetrator of the [[Beltway sniper attacks]] would be "a teenaged boy, who plays video games", and speculated incorrectly that he "may indeed ride a bicycle to and from his shooting locations, his gun broken down and placed in a backpack while he pedals."<ref name="Milloy">Milloy, Courtland. "The Need to Put a Face on This Killer". ''Washington Post'', 2002-10-23.</ref> Saying that the shooter, [[Lee Boyd Malvo]], had "trained" on ''[[Halo (video game series)|Halo]]'', Thompson later claimed credit for this on ''[[Today (NBC program)|The Today Show]]'': "I predicted that the Beltway sniper would be a teen-aged boy that trained on a game switched to sniper mode. And three months later, [[NBC]] reported that that's exactly what Malvo did. And [[John Allen Muhammad|Muhammad]] had him train on the game to suppress his inhibition to kill."<ref name="Sniper">"Attorney Jack Thompson and Michael Miller, PC magazine, discuss war video games and their impact." ''Today'', 2003-04-17.</ref><ref name="Sniper2">Gibson, John. "Interview with Jack Thompson". ''The Big Story with John Gibson'', 2003-10-22.</ref> John Muhammad was a [[Gulf War]] veteran and earned an expert marksmanship badge in the U.S. Army.<ref name="sniper3">"[http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/10/28/sproject.sniper.muhammad.profile/index.html Muhammad a Gulf War vet, Islam convert] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125024447/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/10/28/sproject.sniper.muhammad.profile/index.html |date=January 25, 2010 }}." ''CNN.com'', 2002-12-30.</ref> |
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[[Image:Jack Thompson.jpg|thumb|Cartoon parody of attorney Jack Thompson from webcomic ''[[Ctrl Alt Del (webcomic)|Ctrl+Alt+Del]]''.]] |
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Thompson has also criticized a Christian video game based on the ''[[Left Behind]]'' series. In ''[[Left Behind: Eternal Forces]]'', players participate in "battles raging in the streets of New York," according to the game's fact sheet. They engage in "physical and spiritual warfare: using the power of prayer to strengthen your troops in combat and wield modern military weaponry throughout the game world." Thompson claims that the makers of the game are sacrificing their values.<ref name="SiouxCity">Rhodes, Hillary. "[http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/articles/2006/04/11/entertainment/local/e673d55fe621a9fe8625714d000c5898.txt Christian Game: Good Word or Bad Idea?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518140855/http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/articles/2006/04/11/entertainment/local/e673d55fe621a9fe8625714d000c5898.txt |date=May 18, 2009 }}" ''Sioux City Journal'', 2006-04-11.</ref> He said, "Because of the Christian context, somehow it's OK? It's not OK. The context is irrelevant. It's a mass-killing game."<ref name="Chmielewski">Chmielewski, Dawn C. {{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-godgames10may10,1,2202969.story?coll=la-headlines-business&track=crosspromo |title=Converting Video Games Into Instruments of God |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=June 1, 2016}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ''Los Angeles Times'', 2006-05-10.</ref> ''Left Behind'' author [[Tim LaHaye]] disagrees, saying "Rather than forbid young people from viewing their favorite pastime, I prefer to give them something that's positive."<ref name="SiouxCity" /> The dispute over the game has caused Thompson to sever ties with [[Tyndale House]], which publishes both the ''Left Behind'' books and Thompson's book, ''Out of Harm's Way''.<ref name="Chmielewski" /> Thompson has not seen the game, which he says has "personally broken my heart," but claims, "I don't have to meet [[Abraham Lincoln]] to know that he was the 16th president of the United States."<ref name="Levy">Levy, Piet. "'Left Behind' Video Game Draws Criticism for Apocalyptic Violence." ''Religion News Service'', June 8, 2006.</ref> |
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With his attacks being not just at the corporations which distribute video games but also aimed at the gamers who play them, Thompson has received a high level of response from the gaming world who try, at every turn, to correct or outright insult him. Many gamers have felt the need to vocally oppose him by emailing him insults and threats, while others email to challenge his opinions and create a debate in an attempt to correct Thompson whenever he has made an error. Many gamers find that the responses they receive in return for their comments are badly phrased, full of 'netspeak' and/or are offensive. |
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In April 2007, only hours after the Virginia Tech shooting (and before [[Seung-Hui Cho]] was actually identified), Thompson predicted that the shooter had trained on the game ''[[Counter-Strike]]''.<ref name="Benedetti">Benedetti, Winda. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130925051801/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18220228/ Were video games to blame for massacre?] " ''MSNBC.com'', 2007-04-20</ref> According to Thompson, the game "drills you and gives you scenarios on how to kill them [and] gets you to kill them with your heart rate lower." He says that Seung-Hui "was in a [[hyper-reality]] situation in [[virtual reality]]." Though Seung-Hui had last been known to have played ''Counter-Strike'' in high school, four years prior to the shooting, Thompson asserts that "you don't drop it when you go to college, typically." Thompson disputed Seung-Hui's roommate's claim that Seung-Hui only used his computer to write fiction, on the grounds that "Cho was able to go room to room calmly, efficiently, coolly killing people."<ref name="VTHardball">''Hardball'', MSNBC, 2007-04-19</ref> Prior to being identified, Thompson attributed the "[[flat affect|flat effect]]{{sic}} on [Seung-Hui's] face" and the efficiency of his attack to video game rehearsals of the shooting.<ref name="VTMSNBC">MSNBC, 2007-04-16, 7:27 PM.</ref> However, a search warrant released, listing the items found in Cho's dorm room, did not contain any video games, and a ''[[Washington Post]]'' story cited by Thompson later removed a paragraph stating that Seung-Hui enjoyed violent video games in high school. Despite all evidence indicating that Seung-Hui had not played ''Counter-Strike'' in years, Thompson continued to insist that "this is not rocket science. When a kid who has never killed anyone in his life goes on a rampage and looks like the [[The Terminator|Terminator]], he's a video gamer." Thompson also sent a letter to [[Bill Gates]], saying, "Mr. Gates, your company is potentially legally liable (for) the harm done at Virginia Tech. Your game, a killing simulator, according to the news that used to be in the Post, trained him to enjoy killing and how to kill." However, Microsoft did not create ''Counter-Strike'' – they only published the [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]] version of the game.<ref name="Benedetti" /> The official Virginia state panel commissioned to investigate the shooting determined that Seung-Hui "played video games like ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game)|Sonic the Hedgehog]]''," and that "none of the video games [he had played] were war games or had violent themes."<ref name="VTReport">Virginia Tech Incident Review Panel. [http://www.governor.virginia.gov/TempContent/techPanelReport-docs/8%20CHAPTER%20IV%20LIFE%20AND%20MENTAL%20HEALTH%20HISTORY%20OF%20CHOpdf.pdf Chapter IV: Mental Health History of Seung Hui Cho] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812220722/http://www.governor.virginia.gov/TempContent/techPanelReport-docs/8%20CHAPTER%20IV%20LIFE%20AND%20MENTAL%20HEALTH%20HISTORY%20OF%20CHOpdf.pdf |date=August 12, 2014 }}.</ref> |
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With Thompson's recent renewed appearance in public regarding the Hot Coffee modification, his presence in the gaming news has been a weekly occurrence. Many gaming websites now report articles regarding Thompson with mocking tones; he's less often presented as a serious advocate for more sensible controls on game distribution, and more often as a sensationalist who tries more for fame and recognition [http://www.evilavatar.com/forums/showthread.php?t=4149&highlight=jack+thompson]. Believing that many of his claims are exaggerations of truth or outright lies, many see him as a [[caricature]] of an out-of-touch generation whose kneejerk reaction is to ban something that is new and unknown, in a similar way to previous generations' attempts to ban [[Rock and Roll]] and violent films. |
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In December 2007, Thompson filed suit against [[Omaha, Nebraska]] Police Chief Thomas Warren, asking him to produce information on all "violent entertainment material" belonging to Robert Hawkins, who killed nine people, including himself, in a [[Westroads Mall shooting|shooting]] at the [[Westroads Mall]] earlier that month. According to the [[Omaha Police Department]], such information is not a matter of [[public record]], as it is part of an ongoing criminal investigation.<ref name="OmahaShooting">"[http://www.ketv.com/news/14942590/detail.html Lawyer Sues OPD Chief For Hawkins' Video-Game Records] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127024120/http://www.ketv.com/news/14942590/detail.html |date=November 27, 2011 }}." ''KETV-TV'', 2007-12-28.</ref> |
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In addition to the ''[[Ctrl Alt Del (webcomic)|Ctrl+Alt+Del]]'' [[webcomic]], both ''[[GU Comics]]'' [http://www.gucomics.com/archives/view.php?cdate=20050816] and ''[[VG Cats]]'' [http://www.vgcats.com/comics/?strip_id=158] have placed their opinions in comic form. Also included on the VG Cats site is a transcript of an e-mail exchange between Thompson and [[Scott Ramsoomair|Ramsoomair]] over Thompson's portrayal [http://www.vgcats.com/jack.php]. (See ''[[#Killer 7]]'' above for the details). |
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On February 15, 2008, Jack Thompson claimed that the actions of [[Steven Kazmierczak]], who the previous day [[Northern Illinois University shooting|killed five people]] at [[Northern Illinois University]] before committing suicide, were influenced by the game ''Counter-Strike''.<ref>''FOX News Channel'', 2008-02-15.</ref> In a subsequent news release, Thompson claimed that "We have a nation of [[The Manchurian Candidate|Manchurian Candidate]] video gamers out there who are ready, willing, and able to massacre, and some of them will."<ref name="Benedetti2">Benedetti, Windi. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130809153317/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/23204875 Playing the Blame Game] ". ''MSNBC.com'', 2008-02-18.</ref> Thompson also threatened the university with a lawsuit if the school did not provide copies of "all documents that reveal [Kazmierczak's] play of violent videogames."<ref name="MyFoxNational">"[http://www.myfoxkc.com/myfox/pages/News/Detail?contentId=5810588&version=1&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=TSTY&pageId=3.1.1 Attorney Threatens NIU With Lawsuit Over Gunman’s Gaming History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610171052/http://www.myfoxkc.com/myfox/pages/News/Detail?contentId=5810588&version=1&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=TSTY&pageId=3.1.1 |date=June 10, 2016 }}". ''MyFoxNational Reports'', 2008-02-18.</ref> |
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==Books== |
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* ''Out of Harm's Way'' by Jack Thompson; ISBN 1414304420 |
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===Relationship with the gaming industry and gamers=== |
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==Thoughts on Islam== |
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{{see also|A Modest Video Game Proposal}} |
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In an interview with the [[Sun-Sentinel]], Thompson expressed his views on [[Islam]] [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sun_sentinel/619964501.html?did=619964501&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Apr+18%2C+2004&author=MICHAEL+MAYO+COMMENTARY&pub=South+Florida+Sun+-+Sentinel&desc=PURITANICAL+INTOLERANCE+IS+SCARIER+THAN+STERN+HIMSELF][http://news.neilrogers.com/news/articles/2004042112.html][http://www.sternfannetwork.com/forum/showthread/t-29231.html][http://www.animaux.net/stern/bio2.html]: |
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Thompson's "high-profile crusades" have made him an enemy of video game aficionados.<ref name="Krueger" /> On occasion, Thompson has sparred directly with the gaming industry and its fans. In 2005, he wrote an open letter to [[Entertainment Software Association]] president [[Doug Lowenstein]], making what he described as "a modest video game proposal" (an allusion to the title of [[Jonathan Swift]]'s [[satire|satirical]] essay, ''[[A Modest Proposal]]'') to the video game industry: Thompson said he would donate $10,000 to a charity designated by Take-Two CEO [[Paul Eibeler]] if any video game company would create a game including the scenario he described in the letter. The scenario called for the main character, whose son was killed by a boy who played violent video games, to murder a number of industry executives (including one modeled on Eibeler) and go on a killing spree at the [[Electronic Entertainment Expo]]. Video game fans promptly began working to take Thompson up on his offer, resulting in the game ''[[I'm O.K – A Murder Simulator]]'', among others. Afterwards, he claimed that his proposal was satire, and refused to make the promised donation. |
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[[File:Krahulik Holkins, Comicon 2009.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mike Krahulik]] (left) and [[Jerry Holkins]] (right) stepped in to donate $10,000 to charity in Thompson's stead.]] |
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<blockquote>"The [[Bible]] doesn't promote killing innocent people," Thompson said. "Grand Theft Auto does. Islam does."<br /> |
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In response, [[Jerry Holkins]] and [[Mike Krahulik]], the creators of gaming [[webcomic]] ''[[Penny Arcade (webcomic)|Penny Arcade]]'' and of the children's charity [[Child's Play (charity)|Child's Play]], stepped in to make the {{US$|10000|2005}} donation instead, writing in the memo field of their cheque, "For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't." Afterwards, Thompson tried unsuccessfully to get Seattle police and the FBI to investigate Holkins and Krahulik for orchestrating "criminal harassment" of him through articles on their site.<ref name="Kohler">Kohler, Chris. "[https://www.wired.com/news/games/0,2101,69404,00.html Jack Thompson Versus Gamers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313192524/http://www.wired.com/news/games/0%2C2101%2C69404%2C00.html |date=March 13, 2007 }}." ''[[Wired News]]'', 2005-11-04.</ref><ref name="Gillett">{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/theguide/games/story/0,,1596608,00.html|title=Gaming news|last=Gillett|first=Nick|date=2005-10-22|publisher=Guardian}}</ref> Other [[webcomic]]s have regularly incorporated references to Thompson, alluding to this incident as well as others.<ref name="Webcomics">For examples, see ''Ctrl+Alt+Del'' by Tim Buckley, "[https://archive.today/20130118220434/http://www.cad-comic.com/cad/20050808 Bathing Suit Area]" (2005-08-08) and "[https://archive.today/20130121075549/http://www.ctrlaltdel-online.com/comic.php?d=20051012 An Open Letter to Jack Thompson]" (2005-10-12); ''[[GU Comics]]'' by Woody Hearn, [http://www.gucomics.com/archives/view.php?cdate=20050816 August 16] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030014136/http://www.gucomics.com/archives/view.php?cdate=20050816|date=October 30, 2006}} and [http://www.gucomics.com/archives/view.php?cdate=20051018 October 18, 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303063152/http://www.gucomics.com/archives/view.php?cdate=20051018|date=March 3, 2007}}; ''[[VG Cats]]'' by [[Scott Ramsoomair]], "[http://www.vgcats.com/comics/?strip_id=158 Coco Beans in Warm Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315153500/http://www.vgcats.com/comics/?strip_id=158|date=2006-03-15}}"; ''Bunny'' by Lem, "[http://www.frozenreality.co.uk/comic/bunny/index.php?id=406 different reasons, same fun] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715114637/http://www.frozenreality.co.uk/comic/bunny/index.php?id=406|date=2009-07-15}}" (2005-10-17); ''[[Punks and Nerds]]'' by [[Josh Mirman]], [http://www.punksandnerds.com/d/20051021.html October 21, 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507233137/http://www.punksandnerds.com/d/20051021.html|date=May 7, 2006}}; ''[[PvP]]'' by [[Scott Kurtz]], [http://www.pvponline.com/images/news/letter.gif parody of complaint] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819223714/http://www.pvponline.com/images/news/letter.gif|date=August 19, 2006}} on [http://www.pvponline.com/newspro/archives/arc9-2005.html October 21st, 2005 news post] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614165538/http://www.pvponline.com/newspro/archives/arc9-2005.html|date=June 14, 2006}}; ''[[Shortpacked!]]'' by [[David Willis (cartoonist)|David Willis]], [http://shortpacked.com/d/20051024.html October 24, 2005] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615081953/http://shortpacked.com/d/20051024.html|date=June 15, 2006}}.</ref> |
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"Islam promotes the killing of innocent people," Thompson said. "The [[Quran]] requires the [[infidel]], whether [[Jew]] or [[Christian]], to be killed. … That's a core essence of the religion. … [[Muhammad]] was a pirate who killed infidels and who advocated the killing of infidels. Not a nice guy. [[Osama bin Laden]] is in keeping with his fine tradition."</blockquote> |
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In 2006, two [[Michigan]] gamers began a project dubbed "Flowers for Jack", soliciting donations to deliver a massive floral arrangement to Thompson's office. The flowers were delivered in February along with a letter aimed at opening a dialogue between Thompson and the video gaming community. Thompson rejected this overture and forwarded the flowers to some of his industry foes, with such comments as "Discard them along with the decency you discarded long ago. I really don't care. Grind them up and smoke them if you like."<ref name="Tilley">Tilley, Steve. "New Windows Will Be Open to Halo 2." ''Toronto Sun'', 2006-02-12.</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Video game controversy]] |
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* [[Media controversy]] |
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* [[Moral panic]] |
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* [[Censorship]] |
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Gamers have responded to Thompson's attempt to link the Virginia Tech massacre to the game ''Counter-Strike''. Video game Web sites and young gamers on Internet message boards "teemed with anger" at what ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' reporter Peter Hartlaub called "his serial misstatements," in some cases linking to YouTube videos of Thompson and dissecting his claims point by point.<ref name="Hartlaub">Hartlaub, Peter. "[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/04/24/DDG4PPCNHL1.DTL Another tragedy, another platform for video game fearmonger] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525101238/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2007%2F04%2F24%2FDDG4PPCNHL1.DTL |date=May 25, 2011 }}". ''San Francisco Chronicle'', 2007-04-24</ref> [[Jason Della Rocca]], executive director of the [[International Game Developers Association]], said, "It's so sad. These massacre chasers—they're worse than [[ambulance chaser]]s—they're waiting for these things to happen so they can jump on their soapbox."<ref name="Benedetti" /> In response, Thompson referred to Della Rocca as an "idiot" and a "jackass ... paid not to connect the dots [connecting shootings to video games]", and compared himself to people who warned that the government should be more concerned about terrorism before the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]].<ref name="VTMSNBC2">MSNBC, 2007-04-21, 8:42 AM.</ref> According to Della Rocca, Thompson then challenged him to a series of gaming debates, claiming that they could each make more than $3,000 per event. When Della Rocca suggested that neither he nor Thompson accept any money for the events, Thompson refused.<ref name="Benedetti2" /> |
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==External links== |
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<!--(Please update any links, should they be moved or relocated)--> |
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In July 2009, [[Entertainment Consumers Association]] (ECA) president [[Hal Halpin]] posted a copy of an email exchange between himself and Thompson,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.theeca.com/showthread.php?t%3D6357 |access-date=August 18, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117113703/http://forums.theeca.com/showthread.php?t=6357 |archive-date=January 17, 2010 |title=Love note from Jack, to Hal |publisher=Entertainment Consumers Association |date=2009-07-23}}</ref> stating, "I get messages (IMs, emails, FB notes, etc.) from members all the time, asking what the (almost daily) notes are from JT. Since this one's fairly harmless and I've redacted anything personal (not that I don't love getting his threatening cease and desist letters), I thought I'd share it as a pretty typical exchange." Halpin and Thompson have been vocal opponents since 1998, when Halpin ran the game retail trade association IEMA. The exchange was sparked by a guest editorial that Halpin entitled, "Perception is Everything" for IndustryGamers.com<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.industrygamers.com/news/perception-is-everything/ |title=Perception is Everything - IndustryGamers |publisher=IndustryGamers |date=2009-07-17 |access-date=2009-11-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124102114/http://www.industrygamers.com/news/perception-is-everything/ |archive-date=2009-11-24 }}</ref> where he called for consumers and the industry to speak out against negative stereotyping of gamers. |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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* [http://www.stopkill.com Jack Thompson's stopkill.com] |
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* [http://web.archive.org/web/20010416002606/http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a39719ca95afa.htm FreeRepublic.com - Thread by Thompson warning FreeRepublic with legal action] |
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* [http://www.aelon.net/2005/07/jack-thompson-straw-man/ "Jack Thompson, Straw Man"] from [http://www.aelon.net Aelon] |
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* [http://www.geocities.com/codemasterdavis/violence_articles.html Listing of articles related to Jack Thompson's "crusade against the gaming industry"] |
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* [http://croqaudile.com/?article_id=10299 Jack Thompson e-mail arguments against a 14 year old regarding video games] |
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* [http://gr.bolt.com/articles/violence/violence.htm The Truth About Violent Youth and video games] on [http://gr.bolt.com Game Revolution] |
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* [http://www.floridabar.org/names.nsf/All/07D079003898F95585256A830051348B?OpenDocument Thompson's Membership in the Florida Bar] |
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* [http://money.cnn.com/2003/01/29/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/ CNN/Money: Crackpot or crusader?] |
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* [http://www.jackthompson.org/ JackThompson.org: Informational site about Thompson] |
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* [http://www.apfn.org/apfn/IBT1.htm Jack Thompson Exposes Reno at Indianapolis Baptist Temple - APFN.org] |
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* [http://216.120.255.192/~muncdho/thommys_doc.doc Palmer Trinity Convocation, April 13, 2005 - By Jack Thompson] ([[Ms word]] file) |
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* [http://illspirit.com/index.php?page=art_of_war Art of War - illspirit] |
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* [http://www.gr.bolt.com/articles/jack/jack.htm "Jack Thompson Tried To Arrest My Boss"] from [http://gr.bolt.com Game Revolution] |
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===News=== |
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* [http://www.thedenverchannel.com/kobebryanttrial/2648868/detail.html thedenverchannel.com - Article featuring Jack Thompson's involvement in the Kobe Bryant Case] |
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** [http://www.courts.state.co.us/exec/media/eagle/11-03/req_no_emc.pdf Thompson's motion to prohibit the live broadcast of the Bryant case] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]] file) |
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* [http://cube.ign.com/articles/639/639809p1.html IGN: ESRB Adversary and Lawyer Targets ''Killer 7''] |
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* [http://gc.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid=5512 Thompson On ''Killer 7'' - Advanced Media] |
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* [http://xbox.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid=5399 Thompson On ''Bully'' - Advanced Media] |
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* [http://gc.advancedmn.com/article.php?artid=5435 Thompson on ''Sims 2'' - Advanced Media] |
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* [http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2004/940 The Free Press: The Columbus sniper, Video Games and the new Manchurian Candidates] |
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* [http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20041121/NEWS08/411210370/0/NEWS toledoblade: Ohio sniper case may put video games on trial] |
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* [http://ps2.ign.com/articles/640/640942p1.html IGN: Killer Tries GTA Defense, Jury Convicts] |
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* [http://money.cnn.com/2005/07/28/technology/personaltech/sims_rating/index.htm CNN/Money: 'Sims' content criticized] |
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* [http://www.kotaku.com/gaming/top/thompson-calls-for-esa-pres-resignation-112565.php Kotaku: Thompson Calls for ESA Pres Resignation] |
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* [http://ps2.ign.com/articles/536/536062p1.html IGN:Manhunt Lawyer Speaks] |
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* [http://www.next-gen.biz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=646&Itemid=2 Next Generation - Thompson Takes on Vice City] |
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In March 2011, in response to the creation of a school shooter mod entitled ''[[School Shooter: North American Tour 2012]]'', developed by Checkerboarded Studios on [[Valve Corporation|Valve]]'s [[Source engine]], Thompson emailed Valve's managing director, [[Gabe Newell]], demanding that the mod be removed, as he speculated that Valve played a part in the mod's development.<ref name=TheEscapist>{{cite news|url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/108523-Jack-Thompson-Threatens-Gabe-Newell-Over-School-Shooter-Mod|title=Jack Thompson Threatens Gabe Newell Over School Shooter Mod|date=2011-03-17|access-date=2011-04-10|last=Chalk|first=Andy|publisher=[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905073832/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/108523-Jack-Thompson-Threatens-Gabe-Newell-Over-School-Shooter-Mod|archive-date=2011-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref> In the letter, Thompson stated that ''[[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]]'' was directly responsible for the [[Erfurt school massacre]], as well as the [[Virginia Tech massacre]] and that Valve had until 5:00{{spaces}}p.m. on March{{spaces}}18 to remove the mod.<ref name=TheEscapist/> |
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===Interviews=== |
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* [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/02/24/tech/gamecore/main676446.shtml CBS.com's GameCore: GameSpeak Interview with Thompson] |
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* [http://www.gamespot.com/news/2005/07/14/news_6129164.html Anti-game activist brands ESA "criminal"] - [[GameSpot]] |
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* [http://www.gamespot.com/news/2005/07/22/news_6129609.html ''Sims 2'' content "worse than Hot Coffee"] - [[GameSpot]] |
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* [http://www.chatterboxgameshow.com/archives/Jack%20Thompson%20interview_07-31-2005.mp3 ChatterBoxGameShow.com Radio interview] ([[MP3]] file) |
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* [http://libsyn.com/media/gamepolitics/GamePolitics-Podcast02.mp3 Close Encounters of the Jack Thompson Kind: GamePolitics Podcast #2] ([[MP3]] file) |
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* [http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3141144 Head to Head from 1UP.COM: Jack Thompson vs. Henry Jenkins] |
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* [http://news.neilrogers.com/news/articles/2004042112.html Puritanical intolerance is scarier than Stern himself - Sun Sentinel] |
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==''The Howard Stern Show''== |
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===Support=== |
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In 2004, Thompson helped get [[Howard Stern]]'s show taken off a radio station in [[Orlando, Florida]], by filing a complaint with the [[Federal Communications Commission]]. Thompson objected to Stern's use of perceived obscenities on the air. He argued that "Either broadcasters will accept the light harness of decency that has been the law for decades and start cleaning up their acts, or the public's deepening outrage will foster a more fearsome governmental response."<ref name="WhyIComplain">Thompson, Jack. "Why I Complain About Indecency." ''Broadcasting & Cable'', 2004-04-26.</ref> Thompson claimed to have received death threats from listeners of Stern's show, noting that "you'd expect that considering the [[IQ]] of people who listen to Howard Stern. Apparently they fail to realize that I might have [[caller ID]]."<ref name="Mayo">Mayo, Michael. "Puritanical Intolerance is Scarier Than Stern Himself." ''South Florida Sun-Sentinel'', 2004-04-18.</ref> |
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* [http://fradical.com/Sniper_trained_on_video_game.htm Beltway Sniper Trained on Sniper Video Game] |
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During his opposition to Howard Stern, Thompson was asked in an interview with a reporter if, by his standards, he would blame Christianity for the murders committed by [[List of school-related attacks#Secondary school incidents|Michael Hernandez]], a fourteen-year-old who murdered one of his classmates in 2004, because Hernandez wrote a diary in which he constantly spoke about praying to God. Thompson replied, "The Bible doesn't promote killing innocent people, ''Grand Theft Auto'' does. Islam does." Thompson then expanded his comments in the same interview by saying, "Islam promotes the killing of innocent people. The [[Qur'an|Quran]] requires the infidel, whether Jew or Christian, to be killed. ... That's a core essence of the religion. ... [[Muhammad]] was a pirate who killed infidels and who advocated the killing of infidels—not a nice guy. [[Osama bin Laden]] is in keeping with his fine tradition."<ref name="Mayo" /> |
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He later spoke in defense of Stern during the latter's legal dispute with [[CBS]] over promoting [[Sirius Satellite Radio|Sirius]] on-air before his switch to satellite radio. Thompson contended that the technology added by CBS to edit out profanity also could have worked to edit out Stern's references to Sirius.<ref name="Arango">Arango, Tim. "[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nypost/access/996225561.html?FMT=ABS Decency crusader backs up Howard] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006085944/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nypost/access/996225561.html?FMT=ABS |date=October 6, 2012 }}." ''New York Post'', March 2, 2006.</ref> According to Thompson, "The reason why CBS chose not to edit Stern is that Stern's Arbitron ratings remained high and were arguably even enhanced by people tuning in to hear daily about Stern's running feud with CBS and his move to Sirius. In other words, CBS actually used Stern's discussion of his move to Sirius to make more money for CBS."<ref name="Rosenthal">Rosenthal, Phil. "The Chicago Tribune Phil Rosenthal Media column." ''Knight Ridder Tribune Business News'', March 3, 2006.</ref> |
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CBS President [[Les Moonves]] responded, saying "You know what? You can't let people like that tell you what to put on the air or what not to put on the air. That would only open the door when suddenly next week, he says, 'Take [[Late Show with David Letterman|David Letterman]] off the air or take ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|C.S.I.]]'' off the air.' Or you know what? ''[[Everybody Loves Raymond]]'' was about, you know, sex last week or about a 70-year-old man—you know, we dealt with [[Peter Boyle]] having sex with [[Doris Roberts]]. 'Take that off the air.' That's something we can't let happen."<ref name="Moonves">Brown, Tina. "Leslie Moonves discusses his work at Viacom and CBS." ''Topic A with Tina Brown'' CNBC, 2004-11-21.</ref> |
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==The Florida Bar== |
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===Actions against the bar=== |
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In 1993, Thompson asked a Florida judge to declare [[The Florida Bar]] unconstitutional. He said that the Bar was engaged in a vendetta against him because of his religious beliefs, which he said conflicted with what he called the Bar's pro-[[LGBT rights in the United States|gay]], [[humanist]], [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] agenda. He also said that the "wedding of all three functions of government into The Florida Bar, the 'official arm' of the [[Florida Supreme Court]], is violative of the bedrock constitutional requirement of the separation powers and the '[[checks and balances]]' which the separation guarantees."<ref name="TheRecorder">Miami Review. "Suit Attacks Constitutionality of Bar." ''The Recorder'', 1992-06-11.</ref> Thompson accepted a $20,000 out-of-court settlement.<ref name="Settlement">"In Brief: Lawyer Accepts $20,000 Bar Settlement." ''Miami Herald'', February 5, 1993.</ref> |
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On January 7, 2002, Thompson sent the Supreme Court of Florida a letter regarding The Florida Bar's actions. The letter was filed with the court on January 10, 2002, and was treated as a [[petition]] for a [[writ of mandamus]] against The Florida Bar.<ref name="JTwritlet">''Thompson v. The Florida Bar'', No. SC02-82 (Fla. 2002).</ref> Before any action was taken on the petition, Thompson sent the court another letter on January 28, 2002, voluntarily dismissing the case. The letter was filed with the court on January 30, 2002, and the Florida Supreme Court issued an order of dismissal on February 28, 2002.<ref name="FSCorderdis">''Thompson v. The Florida Bar'', 816 So.2d 130 (Fla. 2002) (decided without opinion).</ref> |
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In January 2006, Thompson asked the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] to investigate The Florida Bar's actions. "The Florida Bar and its agents have engaged in a documented pattern of this illegal activity, which may sink to the level of criminal racketeering activity, in a knowing and illegal effort to chill my federal First Amendment rights," Thompson wrote in a letter to [[Alex Acosta]], interim [[U.S. attorney]] for the Southern District of Florida.<ref name="CarlJones">Jones, Carl. "[http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1144933474083 Anti-porn crusader sues over Bar probe] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518085418/http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1144933474083 |date=May 18, 2011 }}." ''Broward Daily Business Review'', 2006-04-13.</ref> |
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In April 2006, Thompson filed another suit against The Florida Bar, this time in the [[U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida]], alleging that the Bar harassed him by investigating what he called baseless complaints made by disgruntled opponents in previous disputes. His five-count complaint asked for more than $1 million in damages. The lawsuit alleged that the Bar was pursuing baseless ethics complaints brought against Thompson by Tew Cardenas attorneys Lawrence Kellogg and [[Alberto "Al" Cardenas|Alberto Cardenas]] of Miami, and by two lawyers from the [[Philadelphia]] office of [[Blank Rome]], in violation of Thompson's constitutional rights. According to the lawsuit, the Bar looked at Thompson for violations of a bar rule that prohibits attorneys from making disparaging remarks about judges, other attorneys, or court personnel. Thompson also filed a motion with the court to order the mediation of his dispute with the Bar. Thompson commented, "I enjoy doing what I do and I think I've got a First Amendment right to annoy people and participate in the public square in the cultural war." Thompson also said he is optimistic his federal lawsuit will be successful. "I'm 100 percent certain that it will effect change, otherwise I would not have filed it."<ref name="CarlJones" /> |
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On April 25, 2006, The Florida Bar filed a motion to dismiss Thompson's complaint. The Bar argued that Thompson's complaint should be dismissed for a number of reasons, including the fact that the complaint failed to state a claim on which he could be granted relief. The Bar also argued that it was absolutely immune from liability for actions arising out of its disciplinary functions, that the [[Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution|Eleventh Amendment]] barred Thompson's recovery of damages, and that the court should dismiss the case pursuant to the [[abstention doctrine]] of ''[[Younger v. Harris]]''. On May 4, 2006, Thompson filed a motion asking Judge [[Federico Moreno]] to recuse himself from the case, as Judge Moreno was a member of The Florida Bar. Citing an "abundance of caution," Judge Moreno recused himself on May 9, 2006, and referred the case to Chief Judge William Zloch for further action. Thompson did not, however, respond to the Bar's motion to dismiss the case. Finally, on May 17, 2006, Thompson filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal with the court, and the case was dismissed [[Prejudice (legal term)|without prejudice]].<ref name="FlaBar2006">''Thompson v. The Florida Bar'', No. CV-06-20945 (S.D. Fla. May 17, 2006).</ref> |
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===Filings=== |
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In October 2007, [[Federico Moreno]], the then-Chief U.S. District Judge,<ref>{{cite web |title=United States District Court: Home |url=http://www.flsd.uscourts.gov/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123182231/https://www.flsd.uscourts.gov/ |archive-date=2016-11-23 |access-date=2008-12-17}} |access-date=2014-12-15</ref> [[Record sealing|sealed]] court documents submitted by Thompson in the Bar case that depicted "gay sex acts". Thompson's submission prompted U.S. District Judge [[Adalberto Jordan]] to order Thompson to [[Order to show cause|show cause]] why his actions should not be filed as a grievance with the court's Ad Hoc Committee on Attorney Admissions, Peer Review and Attorney Grievance, but the order was dismissed after Thompson promised not to file any more pornography. Thompson then sent letters to acting U.S. Attorney General [[Peter Keisler]] and U.S. Senators [[Patrick Leahy]] and [[Arlen Specter]] demanding that Jordan be removed from his position for failing to prosecute Florida attorney [[Norm Kent]], who Thompson claimed had "collaborated" with the Bar for 20 years to discipline him.<ref name="PornographyFiling">Roberts, Alana. "[http://www.law.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/View&c=LawArticle&cid=1192784613675&t=LawArticle Judge Defends Sealing of Electronically Filed Porn Images] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040423041546/http://www.law.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=OpenMarket%2FXcelerate%2FView |date=2004-04-23 }}". ''Daily Business Review'', 2007-10-22.</ref> |
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In February 2008, the [[Florida Supreme Court]] ordered Thompson to show cause as to why it should not reject future court filings from him unless they are signed by another The Florida Bar member. The Florida Supreme Court described his filings as "repetitive, frivolous and insult[ing to] the integrity of the court," particularly one in which Thompson, claiming concern about "the court's inability to comprehend his arguments," filed a motion which he called "A picture book for adults", including images of "[[swastikas]], [[Kangaroo Court|kangaroos in court]], a reproduced dollar bill, cartoon [[squirrels]], [[Paul Simon]], [[Paul Newman]], [[Ray Charles]], a handprint with the word [[SLAPP|'slap']] written under it, Bar Governor Benedict P. Kuehne, [[Ed Bradley]], [[Jack Nicholson]], Justice [[Clarence Thomas]], [[Julius Caesar]], [[monkeys]], [and] a [[house of cards]]"{{crossreference|{{nowrap|{{tsp}}(see{{tsp}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepolitics.com/images/legal/JT-picture-letter.doc |title=GamePolitics News | GamePolitics |access-date=2010-02-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509080734/http://www.gamepolitics.com/images/legal/JT-picture-letter.doc |archive-date=2008-05-09 }}</ref>)}}}}. Thompson claimed that the order "wildly infringes" on his constitutional rights and was "a brazen attempt" to repeal the First Amendment right to petition the government to redress grievances. In response, he sent a letter to U.S. Attorney General [[Michael Mukasey]], referring to the show-cause order as a criminal act done in retaliation for his seeking relief with the court.<ref name="ShowCause">Roberts, Alana. "[http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1203602190910 Anti-Porn Crusader May Face Sanctions for 'Meritless Filings.'] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108191215/http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1203602190910 |date=November 8, 2013 }}" ''Daily Business Review'', 2008-02-22.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2185966/ |title=The weirdest legal pleading ever. - By Bonnie Goldstein - Slate Magazine |publisher=Slate.com |date=2008-03-07 |access-date=2009-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125155804/http://slate.com/id/2185966 |archive-date=2010-01-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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On March 20, 2008, the Florida Supreme Court imposed sanctions on Thompson, requiring that any of his future filings in the court be signed by a member of The Florida Bar other than himself. The court noted that Thompson had responded to the show cause order with multiple "rambling, argumentative, and contemptuous" responses that characterized the show cause order as "bizarre" and "idiotic."<ref name="floridasupremecourt.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/decisions/2008/sc07-80.pdf |title=SC07-80 |access-date=2009-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326170055/http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/decisions/2008/sc07-80.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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===Disbarment=== |
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{{Wikinews|Controversial Florida attorney Jack Thompson disbarred}} |
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In February 2007, The Florida Bar filed [[disbarment]] proceedings against Thompson over allegations of professional misconduct. The action was the result of separate grievances filed by people claiming that Thompson made defamatory, false statements and attempted to humiliate, embarrass, harass or intimidate them.<ref name="Disbarment">Jones, K.C. "[http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197003885 Grand Theft Auto Critic Faces Misconduct Charges] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210063357/http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197003885 |date=February 10, 2008 }}." ''InformationWeek'', 2007-02-06.</ref> According to the complaint, Thompson accused Alberto Cardenas of "distribution of pornography to children", claimed that the Alabama judge presiding over the [[Devin Moore (murderer)|Devin Moore]] case "breaks the rules, even the Alabama State Bar Rules, because he thinks that the rules don't apply to him", and sent a letter to Blank Rome's managing partner, saying, "Your law firm has actively and knowingly facilitated by various means the criminal distribution of sexual material to minors." Thompson claims that the complaints violate state religious protections because his advocacy is motivated by his Christian faith.<ref>Ostrovsky, Daniel. "[http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1170928966137 Fla. Bar Seeks Sanctions Against Morality Watchdog Jack Thompson] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518074634/http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1170928966137 |date=May 18, 2011 }}". ''Daily Business Review'', 2007-02-09.</ref> |
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In May 2008, Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Dava Tunis, after reviewing 2,400 pages of transcripts and 1,700 pages of exhibits, recommended that Thompson be found guilty of 27 of the 31 violations of which he had been accused, including making false statements to tribunals, disparaging and humiliating litigants and other lawyers, and improperly practicing law outside of Florida. Thompson filed a motion with the Florida Supreme Court the day after the report was issued to strike Tunis' recommendations as vague for lack of detail. Previously, Thompson had attempted to have Tunis thrown off his case, and filed a complaint against her with the state Judicial Qualifications Commission, which is responsible for investigating judges.<ref>Roberts, Alana. "[http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202421556225 Sanctions Hearing Set for Lawyer Found to Have Humiliated Litigants, Other Attorneys] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519152539/http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202421556225 |date=May 19, 2011 }}". ''Daily Business Review'', 2008-05-21.</ref> |
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On June 4, 2008, prosecutor Sheila Tuma recommended 'enhanced disbarment' for Thompson, saying that Thompson demonstrated continued misconduct, a pattern of misconduct and persistently failed to admit any wrongdoing. Enhanced disbarment lengthens the period before an attorney may reapply for admission to the bar from five years to ten. After being prevented from making a speech to begin the disciplinary hearing, Thompson distributed his written objections to lawyers, a court reporter, and a newspaper reporter, departed the courtroom, and called the proceedings against him a "[[Star Chamber|star chamber]]" and "[[kangaroo court]]".<ref>Roberts, Alana and Shields, Billy. "[http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202421944039 Enhanced Disbarment Recommended due to Lawyer's Pattern of Conduct] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128064737/http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202421944039 |date=November 28, 2012 }}". ''Daily Business Review'', 2008-06-05.</ref> |
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On July 8, 2008, Judge Tunis recommended permanent disbarment and a $43,675.35 fine for Thompson to the Florida Supreme Court, citing "cumulative misconduct, a repeated pattern of behavior relentlessly forced upon numerous unconnected individuals, a total lack of remorse or even slight acknowledgment of inappropriate conduct, and continued behavior consistent with the previous public reprimand... Over a very extended period of time involving a number of totally unrelated cases and individuals, the Respondent has demonstrated a pattern of conduct to strike out harshly, extensively, repeatedly and willfully to simply try to bring as much difficulty, distraction and anguish to those he considers in opposition to his causes... He does not proceed within the guidelines of appropriate professional behavior, but rather uses other means available to intimidate, harass, or bring public disrepute to those whom he perceives oppose him."<ref name=refrpt>{{cite web |url=http://www.floridabar.org/DIVADM/ME/MPDisAct.nsf/DISACTVIEW/FB279DDCD6DA1B1D852579E4000565E0/$FILE/231665_2846.PDF |title=Report of Referee, ''The Florida Bar v. Thompson'', Nos. SC07-80, SC07-354 (July 8, 2008) |access-date=2009-11-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302154958/http://www.floridabar.org/DIVADM/ME/MPDisAct.nsf/DISACTVIEW/FB279DDCD6DA1B1D852579E4000565E0/$FILE/231665_2846.PDF |archive-date=March 2, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Alexander |first=Leigh |url=http://kotaku.com/5023506/inside-the-169+page-thompson-report-judge-recommends-43k-fine-also |title=Inside The 169-Page Thompson Report: Judge Recommends $43k Fine Also |publisher=Kotaku.com |date=2008-07-09 |access-date=2009-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715183132/http://kotaku.com/5023506/inside-the-169+page-thompson-report-judge-recommends-43k-fine-also |archive-date=2009-07-15 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepolitics.com/2008/07/09/we-have-judge039s-report-recommending-permanent-disbarment-jack-thompson |title=We Have the Judge's Report Recommending PERMANENT DISBARMENT for Jack Thompson |author=McCauley, Dennis |publisher=[[GamePolitics]] |date=2008-07-09 |access-date=2008-09-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928054215/http://www.gamepolitics.com/2008/07/09/we-have-judge039s-report-recommending-permanent-disbarment-jack-thompson |archive-date=2008-09-28 }}</ref> The court approved the recommendation and fine on September 25, 2008, and ordered that Thompson be permanently disbarred effective 30 days from the date of the order so Thompson could close out his practice.<ref name=fscorder>{{cite web|url=http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/clerk/disposition/2008/09/07-80.pdf |title=Order, ''The Florida Bar v. Thompson'', Nos. SC07-80, SC07-354 (Fla. Sept. 25, 2008) |access-date=2009-11-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326170054/http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/clerk/disposition/2008/09/07-80.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="disbar">{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5054772/jack-thompson-disbarred|title=Jack Thompson Disbarred|author=Fahey, Mike|publisher=Kotaku|date=2008-09-25|access-date=2008-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926105645/http://kotaku.com/5054772/jack-thompson-disbarred|archive-date=2008-09-26|url-status=live}}</ref> He later filed for an emergency [[stay of proceedings|stay]] of the Florida Supreme Court's order with the U.S. District Court, which was ultimately denied. In an e-mail to media outlets, Thompson responded to the court's decision by stating, "The timing of this disbarment transparently reveals its motivation: this past Friday Thompson filed a federal civil rights action against The Bar, the Supreme Court, and all seven of its Justices. This rush to disbarment is in retribution for the filing of that federal suit. With enemies this foolish, Thompson needs only the loyal friends he has." He closed the email—in which he included the court ruling—with, "...this should be fun, starting now".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepolitics.com/2008/09/25/disbarred |title=DISBARRED! |author=McCauley, Dennis |publisher=[[GamePolitics]] |date=2008-09-25 |access-date=2008-09-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926072609/http://www.gamepolitics.com/2008/09/25/disbarred |archive-date=2008-09-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesupersoldiers.com/2008/09/jack-thompson-disbarred/|title=Jack Thompson Disbarred.|author=Bellinger, Hassan|publisher=The Super Soldiers|date=2008-09-25|access-date=2008-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930060329/http://www.thesupersoldiers.com/2008/09/jack-thompson-disbarred/|archive-date=2008-09-30|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080925-jack-thompson-loses-boss-battle-with-florida-bar.html|title=Jack Thompson loses boss battle with Florida Bar|author=Kuchera, Ben|publisher=Ars Technica|date=2008-09-25|access-date=2008-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926090429/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080925-jack-thompson-loses-boss-battle-with-florida-bar.html|archive-date=2008-09-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On September 19, 2009, Thompson announced that he intended to resume practicing law as of October 1, 2009, claiming that he was "never disbarred" because all of the orders resulting in his disbarment were legal nullities. He dared The Florida Bar to get a court order to stop him,<ref name=gp>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamepolitics.com/2009/09/25/one-year-ago-today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420025249/http://www.gamepolitics.com/2009/09/25/one-year-ago-today|url-status=dead|title=GamePolitics News | GamePolitics|archive-date=April 20, 2016|website=www.gamepolitics.com}}</ref> although {{as of|2022|lc=yes}} he had not practiced law since his disbarment.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Luke Winkie |title=Jack Thompson still has a grudge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/10/22956300/jack-thompson-interview-violent-games-gta-doom-attorney |magazine=The Verge |date=2022-03-10}}</ref> |
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==Other activities== |
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In 1992, a complaint from Thompson led Florida Secretary of State Jim Smith to withhold a $25,000 grant to the Miami Film Festival; Thompson claimed that the festival was using state money to show pornographic films.<ref name="Cosford">Cosford, Bill. "Film Fest Vs Porno-Police: It's Your Choice". ''Miami Herald'', 1992-03-19.</ref> In response, Thompson was named an "Art Censor of the Year" by the [[ACLU]].<ref name="ACLU">"Arts Censors of the Year". ''Miami Herald'', October 2, 1992.</ref> The next month, Thompson faced disbarment over allegations that he lied while making accusations against prominent Dade County lawyer Stuart Z Grossman.<ref name="Wallace">Wallace, Richard. "Anti-porn Crusader May Be Facing Disbarment". ''Miami Herald'', 1992-04-17.</ref> Thompson ultimately admitted violating bar rules of professional conduct, including charges that he contacted people represented by an attorney without first contacting their attorneys, and agreed to pay $3,000<ref name="FlaBarrep">''The Florida Bar v. Thompson'', 605 So. 2d 1268 (Fla. 1992) (decided without opinion).</ref> in fines and receive a public reprimand.<ref name="Reprimand">"Lawyer Faces Fines, Reprimand to Resolve Case". ''Miami Herald'', August 4, 1992.</ref> |
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In 1999, Thompson represented the parents of Bryce Kilduff, an 11-year-old boy who committed suicide by hanging himself. Police believed that the death was an accident, and that Kilduff was imitating [[Kenny McCormick|Kenny]], a character from the [[Comedy Central]] series ''[[South Park]]'', which Bryce, according to his parents, had never watched. Thompson called for Comedy Central to stop marketing the show and toys based on the series to children. He said: "You see, the whole show—thrust of the show is it's—it's cool for kids to act like the characters in ''South Park''."<ref name="SouthPark">"Antoinette Kilduff and Her Lawyer, John Thompson, Discuss Her Son Imitating the Cartoon Character Kenny From Popular Comedy Central's ''South Park'' and Hanging Himself". ''Today'', NBC, 1999-10-11.</ref> |
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Prior to Thompson's disbarment, attorney Norm Kent filed a personal lawsuit against him, which eventually resulted in Thompson paying Kent $50,000 for defamation.<ref name=refrpt /> Thompson reacted to the suit by threatening employees at one of Kent's clients, [[Beasley Broadcast Group]], with lawsuits and depositions unless they got Kent to drop his case. |
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In January 2005, Beasley hired attorney Lawrence A. Kellogg of law firm Tew Cardenas, LLP, to manage Thompson's threats. Because Kellogg delayed arranging a meeting with him, Thompson on March 17 began a campaign targeting the firm's name partner [[Al Cardenas]], a former chair of the Republican Party of Florida, accusing him of personally being involved in "a statewide racketeering activity" in a letter sent to the media, Florida Attorney General [[Charlie Crist]], and Florida Governor Jeb Bush. Kellogg then filed a complaint to The Florida Bar that figured largely in Thompson's disbarment. |
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On April 30, Thompson extended his campaign against Cardenas to an attempt at embarrassing him as a trustee of [[Florida A&M University]], a [[Historically black colleges and universities|historically black university]]. In an email sent to FAMU interim president [[Castell V. Bryant]], the media, the FCC, and Governor Bush, he cites racist remarks made by a caller to ''[[The Howard Stern Show]]'' to suggest that Cardenas put "profit ahead of race relations", even though Beasley, which owned a station broadcasting Stern's show, was not among Al Cardenas' clients. |
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On February 21, 2007, Thompson filed a complaint with the Florida Judicial Qualifications Commission against Judge [[Larry Seidlin]], accusing Seidlin of "violating nearly every judicial canon" in conducting a hearing on the disposition of the body of [[Anna Nicole Smith]].<ref name="Seidlin">McMahon, Paula. "[http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/southflorida/sfl-cseidlin23feb23,0,3083996.story?coll=sfla-home-headlines Anna Nicole Smith's mother says she plans to appeal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095854/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/southflorida/sfl-cseidlin23feb23%2C0%2C3083996.story?coll=sfla-home-headlines |date=September 29, 2007 }}". ''South Florida Sun-Sentinel'', 2007-02-23.</ref> On June 28, 2007, Thompson filed a complaint with the State Attorney's Office, asking for an investigation and possible prosecution regarding accusations that Seidlin inappropriately accepted expensive gifts.<ref name="Seidlin2">Alanez, Tonya. "[http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/broward/sfl-flbseidlin0630nbjun30,0,469401.story?coll=sfla-news-broward Attorney's Office seeks investigation into allegations of wrongdoing by Broward Circuit Judge Larry Seidlin]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}". ''South Florida Sun-Sentinel'', 2007-06-30.</ref> |
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In March 2008, Thompson called for the New York [[New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division|State Supreme Court's Appellate Division]] to immediately suspend the law license of former state governor [[Eliot Spitzer]], who had resigned from the position amidst [[Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal|reports]] he was a client of a prostitution ring. Thompson said that the Disciplinary Committee for the Appellate Division's First Department should stop Spitzer from practicing law until the matter was resolved, noting that Spitzer did not claim innocence in his initial public apology.<ref name="Spitzer2">"[https://archive.today/20130202101448/http://www.silive.com/newsflash/index.ssf?/base/news-24/12052685705790.xml&storylist=simetro Lawyer wants Spitzer suspended from NY bar]". ''Staten Island Live'', 2008-03-11.</ref> |
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In an April 2016 interview with ''[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]]'', Thompson revealed that he was teaching civics classes to inmates in the [[List of Florida state prisons|Florida prison system]], including an American history and constitutional law class at the [[Everglades Correctional Institution]].<ref name="Wilbur">Wilbur, Brock. "[https://www.inverse.com/article/12633-attorney-jack-thompson-and-his-personal-vendetta-against-video-games Attorney Jack Thompson And His Personal Vendetta Against Video Games] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905002317/https://www.inverse.com/article/12633-attorney-jack-thompson-and-his-personal-vendetta-against-video-games |date=2017-09-05 }}". ''Inverse'', 2016-04-07.</ref> |
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===Facebook lawsuit=== |
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<!-- PLEASE NOTE BEFORE EDITING THIS SECTION: Thompson's disbarment prevents him from acting as an attorney for others, it does not prevent him from filing a civil lawsuit and therefore need not be re-iterated here. See talk page and archives for discussion. --> |
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Thompson filed a lawsuit for $40 million against [[Facebook]] in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida on September 29, 2009. Thompson claimed that the social networking site had caused him "great harm and distress" by not removing angry postings made by users in several Facebook groups. Thompson withdrew his case less than two months later. According to [[Parry Aftab]], a cyber-law attorney, Thompson would likely not have had any success because the U.S. [[Communications Decency Act]] provides that companies such as Facebook have no liability for what users do with their services in most cases.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jack Thompson Sues Facebook Over Video-Game Backlash |first=Chloe |last=Albanesius |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2353659,00.asp |magazine=PC Magazine |publisher=Ziff Davis |date=October 1, 2009 |access-date=2009-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006155409/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0%2C2817%2C2353659%2C00.asp |archive-date=2009-10-06 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goodgearguide.com.au/article/320607 |title=Jack Thompson sues Facebook for $40M - Facebook, games - Good Gear Guide |publisher=Good Gear Guide<! |date=2009-11-05 |access-date=2009-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004083917/http://www.goodgearguide.com.au/article/320607 |archive-date=2009-10-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==Bibliography== |
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*''Out of Harm's Way''. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2005. {{ISBN|1-4143-0442-0}}. |
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==See also== |
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* [[GamePolitics.com]] – Frequently covered Thompson |
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* ''[[Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat]]'' – Thompson is interviewed |
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* ''[[Playing Columbine]]'' – Thompson is interviewed |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Wikiquote|Jack Thompson (attorney)}} |
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* [https://www.floridabar.org/mybarprofile/231665 The Florida Bar's Member page of John Bruce Thompson] |
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BY1sHXP37Q Jack Thompson versus Adam Sessler] on [[G4 (U.S. TV channel)|G4]]'s ''[[Attack of the Show!]]'' |
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* [http://infiniteregress.tv/2007/06/how-i-went-face-to-screen-with-jack.html Jack Thompson vs Paul Levinson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602002540/http://infiniteregress.tv/2007/06/how-i-went-face-to-screen-with-jack.html |date=June 2, 2019 }} on [[CNBC]] |
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* {{IMDb name|id=2350887|name=Jack Thompson}} |
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* [http://freetalklive.com/guests/jack_thompson Thompson interviewed on Free Talk Live] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228202302/http://freetalklive.com/guests/jack_thompson |date=February 28, 2021 }} |
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{{Video game controversy}} |
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===Vocal opposition=== |
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{{Authority control}} |
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* [http://hellfish.gtajunkies.com/Jt.html Defamation of Character: A Jack Thompson Murder Simulator] |
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{{Good article}} |
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* [http://www.projectjen.net/forums/index.php?showtopic=12329&hl=jack+thompson Jack Thompson Discussion and E-Mails on Project Jenova] |
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* [http://www.vgcats.com/jack.php Jack Thompson's e-mail discussion] with [[Scott Ramsoomair]]. |
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* [http://www.bluesnews.com/cgi-bin/board.pl?action=viewthread&threadid=58767&id=253845&boardid=1&view=threads Thompson's e-mail correspondence with Cpl Hansel Chad Varn] |
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* [http://www.ctrlaltdel-online.com/?t=news&date=2005-08-08 Commentary from Tim Buckley of ''Ctrl+Alt+Del''] |
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* [http://www.stopstopkill.com/ StopStopkill.com - Website aiming at expressing the truth about violence in videogames] |
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* [http://stopjack.simchoice.com/ Stop Jack, a "demonstration of defense from members of the ''Sims 2'' Community".] |
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* [http://www.gamersalliance.org/ The Gamer's Alliance against Censorship (GAAC)] |
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* [http://www.brendastardom.com/arch.asp?ArchID=701 Jack's Transgressions article] |
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* [http://www.brendastardom.com/arch.asp?ArchID=709 Jack Thompson's Video Game Defense Gets Shot Down] |
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* [http://midikku.parashift.org/ydkj.htm You Don't Know, Jack] |
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* Catagorical debunking of several of Jack's arguements by OCP. [http://ocpundit.blogspot.com/2005/03/040305-oh-no.html] [http://ocpundit.blogspot.com/2005/06/jacks-back.html] [http://ocpundit.blogspot.com/2005/07/theres-something-wrong-with-man.html] |
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* [http://www.brendastardom.com/arch.asp?ArchID=713 Jack Thompson Is Taking A Beating By Gamers] |
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* [http://gr.bolt.com/articles/jack/jack.htm Jack Thompson Tried To Arrest My Boss] at [http://gr.bolt.com/ Game Revolution] |
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* [http://www.rfshq.com/rfshqcontent/textdumps/AUG_152_05.html "Blaming It On Tetris"] at [http://www.rfshq.com Radio F Software HQ] |
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* [http://think.artakproductions.net/jackthompson Commentary by Ar'tak Productions: Think about Jack Thompson] |
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* [http://www.freewebs.com/shadow_the_evilandgood_hedgehog/jackthompsonbash.htm Correspondance With Jack and Rallying Cry to Gamers] |
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* [http://www.gamepolitics.com/ Game Politics Website that Jack Thompson frequents] |
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* [http://www.g-a-j.tk Gamers Against Jack 2 - forum where gamers can vent their frustrations with Jack] |
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* [http://www.brendastardom.com/arch.asp?ArchID=738 Brenda Stardom - Rockstar Rattles, Rankles Jack Thompson] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Thompson, Jack}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Jack Thompson (activist)| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Denison University alumni]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:American Christians]] |
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[[Category:Video game censorship]] |
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[[Category:Lawyers from Cleveland]] |
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[[Category:Disbarred Florida lawyers]] |
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[[Category:Vanderbilt University alumni]] |
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[[Category:People from Coral Gables, Florida]] |
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[[Category:Activists from Ohio]] |
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[[Category:1951 births]] |
Latest revision as of 19:59, 18 December 2024
Jack Thompson | |
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Born | John Bruce Thompson July 25, 1951 Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
Alma mater | Denison University (BA) Vanderbilt University (JD) |
Spouse | Patricia Thompson |
John Bruce Thompson[1] (born July 25, 1951)[2] is an American activist and disbarred attorney. As an attorney, Thompson focused his legal efforts against what he perceives as obscenity in modern culture. Thompson gained recognition as an anti-video game activist, criticizing the content of video games and their alleged effects on children.[3][4][5] He also targeted rap music and radio personality Howard Stern.[6]
Thompson's legal career was further recognized for his actions against the Florida Bar, including challenging its constitutionality in 1993.[7] In 2008, he was permanently disbarred by the Supreme Court of Florida for inappropriate conduct, including making false statements to tribunals and disparaging and humiliating litigants.[8][9]
Background
Thompson grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, attended Cuyahoga Falls High School[10] and attended Denison University. He received media attention when he hosted his own political talk show on the college radio station.[11] He then attended Vanderbilt University Law School, where he met his wife, Patricia.[12] In 1976, they moved to Florida, where Thompson, working as a lawyer and then a fund-raiser for a Christian ministry,[12] began attending the Key Biscayne Presbyterian Church and became a born-again Christian.[11] Thompson admits to having a "colorful disciplinary history" as an attorney.[13]
The Neil Rogers Show
In 1988, Thompson became involved in a feud with WIOD Radio host Neil Rogers, after Thompson was instrumental in persuading the FCC to fine WIOD $10,000 for airing such parody songs as "Boys Want Sex in the Morning" on Rogers' show.[11] Thompson also sued the station for violating a December 1987 agreement to end on-air harassment against him. For the next eight months, Thompson recorded all of Rogers' broadcasts and documented 40,000 mentionings of his name. Thompson claimed that one of the terms of his agreement with the station was that the station would pay him $5,000 each time his name was mentioned, totaling $200 million in the suit.[14]
Janet Reno
Thompson first met Janet Reno in November 1975, when he applied for a job as an assistant state's attorney in Miami-Dade County, Florida, but was not hired.[15] In 1988, he ran for prosecutor against then-incumbent Dade County State Attorney Janet Reno, after she had declined his request to prosecute Neil Rogers.[16] Thompson gave Reno a letter at a campaign event requesting that she check a box to indicate whether she was homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual. Thompson said that Reno then put her hand on his shoulder and responded, "I'm only interested in virile men. That's why I'm not attracted to you."[17][18] He filed a police report accusing her of battery for touching him. In response, Reno asked Florida governor Bob Martinez to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate.[19] The special prosecutor rejected the charge, concluding that it was "a political ploy". Reno was ultimately re-elected with 69% of the vote. Thompson repeated allegations that Reno was a lesbian when she was nominated as U.S. Attorney General, leading one of her supporters, lieutenant governor Buddy MacKay, to dismiss him as a "kook".[17]
In 1990, after his election loss, Thompson began a campaign against the efforts of Switchboard of Miami, a social services group of which Reno was a board member. Thompson charged that the group placed "homosexual-education tapes" in public schools. Switchboard responded by getting the Supreme Court of Florida to order that he submit to a psychiatric examination. Thompson did so and passed. Thompson has since stated that he is "the only officially certified sane lawyer in the entire state of Florida".[20]
Rap music
Thompson came to national prominence in the controversy over 2 Live Crew's As Nasty As They Wanna Be album. (Luke Skyywalker Records, the company of 2 Live Crew's Luther Campbell, had previously released a record supporting Reno in her race against Thompson.)[21] On January 1, 1990, he wrote to Martinez and Reno asking them to investigate whether the album violated Florida obscenity laws. Although the state prosecutor declined to proceed with an investigation, Thompson pushed local officials in various parts of the state to block sales of the album, along with N.W.A's Straight Outta Compton.[22] In sending documents to opponents, Thompson would frequently attach a photocopy of his driver's license, with a photo of Batman pasted over his own. Thompson said, "I have sent my opponents pictures of Batman to remind them I'm playing the role of Batman. Just like Bruce Wayne helped the police in the movie, I have had to assist the sheriff of Broward County." He also wore a Batman wristwatch.[23] Thompson compared Campbell to the Joker.[24] Thompson also said, "I understand as well as anybody that the First Amendment is a cornerstone of a free society—but there is a responsibility to people who can be harmed by words and thoughts, one of which is the message from Campbell that women can be sexually abused."[11]
Thompson took issue with another 2 Live Crew song, "Banned in the U.S.A.", and he sent a letter to Jon Landau, manager of Bruce Springsteen, whose song "Born in the U.S.A." was to be sampled by the group. Thompson suggested that Landau "protect 'Born in the U.S.A.' from its apparent theft by a bunch of clowns who traffic toxic waste to kids", or else Thompson would "be telling the nation about Mr. Springsteen's tacit approval" of the song, which, according to Campbell, "expresses anger about the failure of the First Amendment to protect 2 Live Crew from prosecution".[25] Thompson also said, "the 'social commentary' on this album is akin to a sociopath's discharging his AK-47 into a crowded schoolyard, with the machine gun bursts interrupted by Pee-wee Herman's views on politics".[26]
The members of 2 Live Crew responded to these efforts by suing the Broward County sheriff in federal district court. The sheriff had previously told local retailers that selling the album could result in a prosecution for obscenity violations. While they were granted an injunction because law enforcement actions were an unconstitutional prior restraint on free speech, the court ruled that the album was in fact obscene. However, an appellate court reversed the obscenity ruling, because simply playing the tape was insufficient evidence of the constitutional requirement that it had no artistic value.[27]
As the debate continued, Thompson wrote, "An industry that says a line cannot be drawn will be drawn and quartered."[28] He said of his campaign, "I won't stop till I get the head of a record company or record chain in jail. Only then will they stop trafficking in obscenity".[29] Bob Guccione Jr., founder of Spin magazine, responded by calling Thompson "a sort of latter-day Don Quixote, as equally at odds with his times as that mythical character was," and argued that his campaign was achieving "two things...: pissing everybody off and compounding his own celebrity".[30] Thompson responded by noting, "Law enforcement and I put 2 Live Crew's career back into the toilet where it began."[31]
Thompson wrote another letter in 1991, this time to the Minnesota attorney general Skip Humphrey, complaining about the N.W.A album Niggaz4Life. Humphrey warned locally-based Musicland that sales of the album might violate state law against distribution of sexually explicit material harmful to minors. Humphrey also referred the matter to the Minneapolis city attorney, who concluded that some of the songs might fit the legal definition if issued as singles, but that sales of the album as a whole were not prosecutable.[32] Thompson also initiated a similar campaign in Boston.[33] Later, Thompson would criticize the Republican Party for inviting N.W.A member and party donor Eric "Eazy-E" Wright to an exclusive function.[34]
In 1992, Thompson was hired by the Freedom Alliance, a self-described patriot group founded by Oliver North, described as "far-right" by The Washington Post. By this time, Thompson was looking to have Time Warner, then being criticized for promoting the Ice-T song "Cop Killer", prosecuted for federal and state crimes such as sedition, incitement to riot, and "advocating overthrow of government" by distributing material that, in Thompson's view, advocated the killing of police officers.[35] Time Warner eventually released Ice-T and his band from their contract, and voluntarily suspended distribution of the album on which "Cop Killer" was featured.
Thompson's push to label various musical performances obscene was not entirely limited to rap. In addition to taking on 2 Live Crew, Thompson campaigned against sales of the racy music video for Madonna's "Justify My Love".[36] Then in 1996, he took on MTV broadcasts for "objectification of women" by writing to the station's corporate parent, Viacom, demanding a stop to what he called "corporate pollution".[37] He also went after MTV's advertisers and urged the United States Army to pull recruiting commercials, citing the Army's recruitment of women and problems with sexual harassment scandals.[38]
Video games
Thompson has heavily criticized a number of video games and campaigned against their producers and distributors. His basic argument is that violent video games have repeatedly been used by teenagers as "murder simulators" to rehearse violent plans. He has pointed to alleged connections between such games and a number of school massacres. According to Thompson, "In every school shooting, we find that kids who pull the trigger are video gamers."[39] Also, he claims that scientific studies show teenagers process the game environment differently from adults, leading to increased violence and copycat behavior.[40][41] According to Thompson, "If some wacked-out adult wants to spend his time playing Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, one has to wonder why he doesn't get a life, but when it comes to kids, it has a demonstrable impact on their behavior and the development of the frontal lobes of their brain."[42] Thompson has described the proliferation of games by Sony, a Japanese company, as "Pearl Harbor 2".[43] According to Thompson, "Many parents think that stores won't sell an M-rated game to someone under 17. We know that's not true, and, in fact, kids roughly 50 percent of that time, all the studies show, are able to walk into any store and get any game regardless of the rating, no questions asked."[44]
Thompson has rejected arguments that such video games are protected by freedom of expression, saying, "Murder simulators are not constitutionally protected speech. They're not even speech. They're dangerous physical appliances that teach a kid how to kill efficiently and to love it," as well as simply calling video games "mental masturbation".[45] In addition, he has attributed part of the impetus for violent games to the military, saying that it was looking "for a way to disconnect in the soldier's mind the physical act of pulling the trigger from the awful reality that a life may end".[46] Thompson further claims that some of these games are based on military training and simulation technologies, such as those being developed at the Institute for Creative Technologies, which, he suggests, were created by the Department of Defense to help overcome soldiers' inhibition to kill.[47] He also claims that the PlayStation 2's DualShock controller "gives you a pleasurable buzz back into your hands with each kill. This is operant conditioning, behavior modification right out of B. F. Skinner's laboratory."[48]
Although his efforts dealing with video games have generally focused on juveniles, Thompson got involved in a case involving an adult on one occasion in 2004. This was an aggravated murder case against 29-year-old Charles McCoy Jr., the defendant in a series of highway shootings the previous year around Columbus, Ohio. When McCoy was captured, a game console and a copy of The Getaway were in his motel room. Although not representing McCoy and over the objections of McCoy's lawyers, Thompson succeeded in getting the court to unseal a search warrant for McCoy's residence. This showed, among other things, the discovery of additional games State of Emergency, Max Payne, and Dead to Rights. However, he was not allowed to present the evidence to McCoy, whose defense team was relying on an insanity defense based on paranoid schizophrenia. In Thompson's estimation, McCoy was the "functional equivalent of a 15-year-old,"[42] and "the only thing insane about this case is the (insanity) defense".[49]
Early litigation
Thompson filed a lawsuit on behalf of the parents of three students killed in the 1997 Heath High School shooting. Investigations showed that the perpetrator, 14-year-old Michael Carneal, had regularly played various computer games (including Doom, Quake, Castle Wolfenstein, Redneck Rampage, Nightmare Creatures, MechWarrior, and Resident Evil) and accessed some pornographic websites. Carneal had also owned a videotape of The Basketball Diaries, which includes a high school student dreaming about shooting his teacher and some classmates. The suit sought $33 million in damages, alleging that the producers of the games, the movie, and the operators of the Internet sites were negligent in distributing this material to a minor because it would desensitize him and make him more prone to violence. Additional claims included product liability for making "defective" products (the defects alleged were violent features and lack of warnings) and violation of RICO, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, for distributing this material to minors.[50] Said Thompson, "We intend to hurt Hollywood. We intend to hurt the video game industry. We intend to hurt the sex porn sites."[51]
The suit was filed in federal district court and was dismissed for failing to present a legally recognizable claim. The court concluded that Carneal's actions were not reasonably foreseeable by the defendants and that, in any case, his actions superseded those of the defendants, so the latter could not therefore be the proximate cause of the harm. In addition, the judge determined that "thoughts, ideas and images" in the defendants' materials did not constitute "products" that could be considered defective.[50] The ruling was upheld on appeal.[52]
Grand Theft Auto
Actions in law
Ohio
In February 2003, Thompson asked permission to file an amicus curiae (or "friend of the court") brief in the Ohio case of Dustin Lynch, 16, who was charged with aggravated murder in the death of JoLynn Mishne; Lynch was "obsessed" with Grand Theft Auto III.[53] When Judge John Lohn ruled that Lynch would be tried as an adult, Thompson passed a message from Mishne's father to the judge, asserting that "the attorneys had better tell the jury about the violent video game that trained this kid [and] showed him how to kill our daughter, JoLynn. If they don't, I will."[54]
In a motion sent to the prosecutor, the boy's court-appointed lawyer, and reporters, Thompson asked to be recognized as the boy's lawyer in the case. Medina County Prosecutor Dean Holman, however, said Thompson would be faced with deeply conflicting interests if he were to represent Dustin Lynch because he also advised Mishne's parents.[55] Claiming that delays had weakened his case, Thompson asked Medina County Common Pleas Judge Christopher Collier to disqualify himself from presiding over the case because the judge had not ruled on Thompson's request for two months.[56] The boy himself eventually rejected Thompson's offer, withdrawing his insanity plea. Lynch's mother, Jerrilyn Thomas, who had demanded that Collier appoint Thompson to defend her son, said she changed her mind after visiting with her son in jail, saying that the charge against him "has nothing to do with video games or Paxil, and my son's no murderer."[57]
Tennessee
Thompson returned to file a lawsuit in Tennessee state court in October 2003 on behalf of the victims of two teenage stepbrothers who had pleaded guilty to reckless homicide, endangerment, and assault.[58] Since the boys told investigators they were inspired by Grand Theft Auto III, Thompson sought $246 million in damages from the publisher, Take-Two Interactive, along with PlayStation 2 maker Sony Computer Entertainment America and retailer Wal-Mart. The suit charged that the defendants knew or should have known that the game would cause copycat violence.[59] On October 22, 2003, the case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Two days later, the plaintiffs filed a notice of voluntary dismissal, and the case was closed.[60]
Alabama
Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore, a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player. The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state. The opposing attorneys sought removal of the privilege by arguing that Thompson's conduct was unethical and claiming that he had threatened and harassed them in letters and emails.[61] The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial. Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.
For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost.[62] He also complained about the judge's ethics, saying a local attorney who claimed to have influence on the judge had assured him the case would be dismissed unless the attorney was on Thompson's team,[63] and also claimed that Rockstar Entertainment and Take Two Interactive posted slanderous comments about him on their website.[64]
In the aftermath of this lawsuit, Thompson lobbied Alabama attorney general Troy King to file a civil suit and call on retailers not to sell "cop-killing games".[13] After the slaying of another police officer in Gassville, Arkansas, by Jacob D. Robida, an 18-year-old fugitive, Thompson again raised the possibility of a connection to Grand Theft Auto, but investigators found no evidence that video games were involved.[65]
Florida
Thompson once reported that he had videotaped a Miami Best Buy employee selling a copy of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City to his son who was 10 at the time. In a letter to Best Buy, he wrote, "Prosecutions and public relations consequences should fall on your Minneapolis headquarters like snowflakes."[66] He eventually sued the company in Florida, arguing that it had violated a law against sale of sexual materials deemed harmful to minors.
In January 2005, Best Buy agreed that it would enforce an existing policy to check the identification of anyone who appeared to be 17 or under and tried to purchase games rated "M" (for mature audiences).[67] No law in effect at the time prohibited selling "M" rated video games to juveniles.
New Mexico
In September 2006, Thompson and attorney Steven Sanders filed a suit in Albuquerque, New Mexico, against Sony, Take-Two, Rockstar Games, and teenage killer Cody Posey, for the wrongful death of three members of Posey's family. The suit, on behalf of surviving family members, claimed that "obsessively" playing Grand Theft Auto: Vice City made violence "pleasurable and attractive," disconnected violence from consequences, and caused Posey to "act out, copycat, replicate and emulate the violence" when in July 2004 he shot and killed his father, stepmother, and stepsister and then buried them under a manure pile. According to Thompson, "Posey essentially practiced how to kill on this game. If it wasn't for Grand Theft Auto, three people might not now be dead."[68]
The suit claimed that Thompson had been told by a sheriff's deputy that the game and a Sony PlayStation 2 were found at the ranch. The suit also claimed that the game taught Posey "how to point and shoot a gun in a fashion making him an extraordinarily effective killer without teaching him any of the constraints or responsibilities needed to inhibit such a killing capacity."[69] The game in question does not actually teach the player anything about handling a firearm. Gary Mitchell, Posey's attorney, said Thompson contacted him "numerous times" before the trial, urging him to highlight the game in Posey's defense, but Mitchell said he "just didn't find it had any merit whatsoever."[70]
Take-Two reaction
On March 14, 2007, Take-Two filed a lawsuit seeking to permanently enjoin Thompson from filing any public nuisance action against the company that would block the sales to minors of the unreleased video games Grand Theft Auto IV and Manhunt 2. The suit alleged that Thompson's lawsuits violated the company's First Amendment rights.[71]
Responding, Thompson said: "I have been praying, literally, that Take-Two and its lawyers would do something so stupid, so arrogant, so dumb, even dumber than what they have to date done, that such a misstep would enable me to destroy Take-Two."[72] On April 19, 2007, Thompson and Take-Two settled the suit, with Thompson agreeing not to seek any legal restriction on sales of Take-Two's games, threaten to sue the company, or accuse Take-Two of any wrongdoing based on the sale of any of its games.
One analyst said that the settlement was likely to mute his public pronouncements and lawsuits against the company.[73] However, upon the game's 2008 release, Thompson called Grand Theft Auto IV "the gravest assault upon children in this country since polio," and asked Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty to "pursue and file criminal charges against [Minnesota-based retailers] Target and Best Buy".[74] He also sent a letter to Take-Two chairman Strauss Zelnick's attorney, addressed to Zelnick's mother, in which Thompson accused her son of "doing everything he possibly can to sell as many copies of GTA: IV to teen boys in the United States, a country in which your son claims you raised him to be a 'a Boy Scout'. ... More like the Hitler Youth, I would say."[75] On May 1, 2008, Thompson appeared on the CNN Headline News program Glenn Beck, asserting that the game's sexual content made its sale to minors illegal, and that he was working with law enforcement to have criminal prosecutions brought.[76] Thompson also filed a complaint with the Chicago Transit Authority about poster ads for the game at Chicago, Illinois bus stops.[77]
GameZone emails
In September 2013, Thompson expressed his hatred of Grand Theft Auto V during a series of e-mails exchange with GameZone writer Lance Liebl during its launch week. The game happened to launch the day after the Washington Navy Yard shooting. Traditional media outlets such as Fox News and MSNBC sought out to find proof that violent video games, such as Grand Theft Auto V, had a role in the brutal killings. GameZone responded by writing an article that disagrees with this.[78] These caught Thompson's attention, who then sent an e-mail to the site. "Look, Lance," he wrote in an email, "The American Psychological Association has established a causal link between these games and increased aggression. The Dept. of Defense uses them for that purpose." Liebl responded by offering Thompson a chance to come on the site and explain his stance, which he refused, describing gamers as "too brain-impaired to get it."[79]
Bully
Beginning in 2005, Thompson supported a campaign to discourage Take-Two's subsidiary, Rockstar Games, from releasing a game called Bully, in which, according to Thompson, "what you are in effect doing is rehearsing your physical revenge and violence against those whom you have been victimized by. And then you, like Klebold and Harris in Columbine, become the ultimate bully."[80] According to Thompson, the game "shows you how to—by bullying—take over your school. You punch people; you hit them with sling shots; you dunk their heads in dirty toilets. There's white-on-black crime in the game. You bludgeon teachers and classmates with bats. It's absolutely nuts."[81] Thompson sued Wal-Mart, Best Buy, Target, Circuit City, GameStop, and Toys 'R' Us, seeking an order to bar the game's release.[82] He also participated in a protest at Rockstar's office that also included students from Peaceaholics, a Washington, D.C., mentoring organization.[83] Thompson said he hoped that the pressure would get retailers to refuse to carry the game.[84] In March 2006, the Miami-Dade County Public Schools board unanimously passed a resolution criticizing the game and urging retailers not to sell the game to minors.[85]
Thompson also criticized Bill Gates and Microsoft for contracting with Rockstar Games to release the game on the Xbox.[40] The Xbox version has since been cancelled for undisclosed reasons, but a version was released years later on the Xbox 360. In August 2006, Thompson requested a congressional subpoena for an early copy, threatening to file suit in Miami if he did not gain help from U.S. Rep. Cliff Stearns. Once the game is out, according to Thompson, "the horse will be out of the barn and it will be too late to do anything about it". Thompson argued that it violated Florida's public nuisance laws, which prohibit activities that can injure the health of the community.[86]
Rockstar Games co-founder Terry Donovan responded, saying "I would prefer it if we could simply make great games and not have to deal with misunderstanding and misperception of what we do."[87] After receiving no response from Rockstar regarding an advance copy, Thompson filed the public nuisance complaint against Wal-Mart, Take-Two Interactive, and GameStop, demanding that he be allowed to preview the game before its October 17 release date. Take-Two offered to bring in a copy and let both Judge Ronald Friedman and Thompson view the game in the judge's chambers on October 12, 2006.[88] The judge ultimately saw no reason to restrict sales and dismissed the complaint the next day.[89]
Thompson was critical of the judge's decision, telling the judge "You did not see the game... You don't even know what it was you saw," as well as accusing the Take-Two employee who demonstrated the game of avoiding the most violent parts.[90] Blank Rome subsequently filed a motion to have Thompson's behavior declared "contempt for the court". Judge Friedman then recused himself from ruling, and instead filed a complaint against Thompson with The Florida Bar, calling Thompson's behavior "inappropriate by a member of the bar, unprofessional and contemptible".[91]
Thompson later drew attention to the game's main character, a 15-year-old male, being able to kiss other boys. Thompson wrote to ESRB president Patricia Vance, "We just found gay sexual content in Bully as Jimmy Hopkins makes out with another male student. Good luck with your Teen rating now." The ESRB responded by saying they were already aware that the content was in the game when they rated it.[92]
Manhunt
During the aftermath of the murder of Stefan Pakeerah by his friend Warren Leblanc in Leicestershire, England, the game Manhunt was linked after the media wrongfully claimed police found a copy in Leblanc's room. The police officially denied any link, citing drug-related robbery as the motive and revealing that the game had been found in Pakeerah's bedroom, not Leblanc's. Thompson, who had heard of the murder, claimed that he had written to Rockstar after the game was released, warning them that the nature of the game could inspire copycat killings: "I wrote warning them that somebody was going to copycat the Manhunt game and kill somebody. We have had dozens of killings in the U.S. by children who had played these types of games. This is not an isolated incident. These types of games are basically murder simulators. There are people being killed over here almost on a daily basis."[93] Soon thereafter, the Pakeerah family hired Thompson with the aim of suing Sony and Rockstar for £50 million in a wrongful death claim.[94]
Jack Thompson would later vow to permanently ban the game during the release of the sequel Manhunt 2. Thompson said he planned to sue Take-Two/Rockstar in an effort to have both Manhunt 2 and Grand Theft Auto IV banned as "public nuisances", saying "killings have been specifically linked to Take-Two's Manhunt and Grand Theft Auto games. [I have] asked Take-Two and retailers to stop selling Take-Two's 'Mature' murder simulation games to kids. They all refuse. They are about to be told by a court of law that they must adhere to the logic of their own 'Mature' labels."[95]
The suits were eradicated when Take-Two petitioned U.S. District Court, SD FL to block the impending lawsuit, on the grounds that video games purchased for private entertainment could not be considered public nuisances.[96] The following day, Thompson wrote on his website "I have been praying, literally, that Take-Two and its lawyers would do something so stupid, that such a misstep would enable me to destroy Take-Two. The pit Take-Two has dug for itself will be patently clear next week when I strike back."[97]
Mortal Kombat
In October 2006, Thompson sent a letter to Midway Games, demanding they cease and desist selling the latest game in the Mortal Kombat series, Mortal Kombat: Armageddon, claiming that the game was illegally profiting on his likeness, because gamers could use the character creation option to make a character who looked like Thompson.[92] Midway did not respond to his letter.
Activism and lobbying
In addition to filing lawsuits, Thompson has pushed for measures against similar games in a variety of public settings. He wrote a joint article in the Christian Science Monitor with Eugene F. Provenzo, a University of Miami professor who studies the effects of video games on children. Originally brought together to provide opposing viewpoints on 60 Minutes in the aftermath of the Columbine High School massacre, they said they had become friends and were collaborating on a book. They described themselves as having "a shared belief that first-person shooter video games are bad for our children, teaching them to act aggressively and providing them with efficient killing skills and romanticized and trivialized scenarios for killing in the real world".[98]
Thompson has supported legislation in a number of states that would ban sales of violent and sexually explicit video games to minors.[67] In response to First Amendment concerns, he argued that the games were a "public safety hazard."[99] However, he rejected as "completely unconstitutional" Hillary Clinton's proposed legislation to ban sales to minors of games rated "M" for Mature by the Entertainment Software Rating Board. Thompson contended that the government could not enforce a private-sector standard but had to depend on a Miller obscenity test. He charged that Clinton was simply positioning herself politically, with the support of the gaming industry, by proposing a bill which he felt she knew would be unconstitutional.[100]
In July 2005, Thompson sent a letter to several politicians urging them to investigate The Sims 2, alleging that the game contained nudity accessible by entering special codes. Thompson called the nudity inappropriate for a game rated "T" for Teen, a rating which indicates suitability for anyone 13 and older. Manufacturer Electronic Arts dismissed the allegations, with vice president Jeff Brown explaining that game characters have "no anatomical detail" under their clothes, effectively resembling Barbie dolls. Although the game does display blurred-out patches over body regions when characters are naked, such as when taking a shower, Brown said that was for "humorous effect" and denied there was anything improper about the game.[101] Nevertheless, a command that could be entered into the in-game console in order to disable the blur effect was removed from the game in an expansion. No official reason was given for the change.
In Louisiana, Thompson helped draft a 2006 bill sponsored by state representative Roy Burrell to ban the sale of violent video games to buyers under 18 (HB1381). In an effort to avoid constitutional problems, it avoided trying to define "violent" and instead adopted a variation of the Miller obscenity test: sales to minors would be illegal based on community standards if the game appealed to "the minor's morbid interest in violence", was patently offensive based on adult standards of suitability for minors, and lacked serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors. The bill was passed unanimously by the state House and approved by the Senate Judiciary A Committee, despite industry opposition and predictions that it too would be unconstitutional.[102] The Shreveport Times editorialized that Thompson's support of the bill "should immediately set off alarms" and described Thompson as someone who "thrives on chasing cultural ambulances".[103] In defense of the bill, Thompson said that it was needed for public safety, and that it was a "miracle" that a Columbine-type event hadn't happened yet in Louisiana.[104] However, the ESA filed suit under Entertainment Software Association v. Foti, and U.S. District Judge James Brady issued a preliminary injunction, temporarily blocking the law from taking effect until full judicial review can be done.[105] The law was permanently enjoined in late November 2006, and the state was ordered to pay the legal fees of the plaintiffs. Judge Brady was "dumbfounded" that state legislators and Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco wasted taxpayer money by trying to enact the law.[106]
At one point, Thompson was asked by the National Institute on Media and the Family to stop invoking the organization's name in his campaigns. NIMF president David Walsh felt Thompson cast the organization in a bad light whenever he brought up their name. "Your commentary has included extreme hyperbole and your tactics have included personally attacking individuals for whom I have a great deal of respect," Walsh said in an open letter to Thompson.[107]
Thompson has additionally worked to influence police investigations concerning violent acts which he views as being connected to violence in video games media. On June 2, 2006, Thompson suggested that West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, police detectives, investigating the murder of 55-year-old Michael Gore by 17-year-old Kurt Edward Neher, should look into the video games played by Neher. According to Sheriff J. Austin Daniel, an autopsy showed Gore was beaten to death as well as shot in the face. Concerning this, Thompson stated that "nobody shoots anybody in the face unless you're a hit man or a video gamer."[108]
Other public commentary
Thompson predicted that the perpetrator of the Beltway sniper attacks would be "a teenaged boy, who plays video games", and speculated incorrectly that he "may indeed ride a bicycle to and from his shooting locations, his gun broken down and placed in a backpack while he pedals."[109] Saying that the shooter, Lee Boyd Malvo, had "trained" on Halo, Thompson later claimed credit for this on The Today Show: "I predicted that the Beltway sniper would be a teen-aged boy that trained on a game switched to sniper mode. And three months later, NBC reported that that's exactly what Malvo did. And Muhammad had him train on the game to suppress his inhibition to kill."[110][111] John Muhammad was a Gulf War veteran and earned an expert marksmanship badge in the U.S. Army.[112]
Thompson has also criticized a Christian video game based on the Left Behind series. In Left Behind: Eternal Forces, players participate in "battles raging in the streets of New York," according to the game's fact sheet. They engage in "physical and spiritual warfare: using the power of prayer to strengthen your troops in combat and wield modern military weaponry throughout the game world." Thompson claims that the makers of the game are sacrificing their values.[113] He said, "Because of the Christian context, somehow it's OK? It's not OK. The context is irrelevant. It's a mass-killing game."[114] Left Behind author Tim LaHaye disagrees, saying "Rather than forbid young people from viewing their favorite pastime, I prefer to give them something that's positive."[113] The dispute over the game has caused Thompson to sever ties with Tyndale House, which publishes both the Left Behind books and Thompson's book, Out of Harm's Way.[114] Thompson has not seen the game, which he says has "personally broken my heart," but claims, "I don't have to meet Abraham Lincoln to know that he was the 16th president of the United States."[115]
In April 2007, only hours after the Virginia Tech shooting (and before Seung-Hui Cho was actually identified), Thompson predicted that the shooter had trained on the game Counter-Strike.[45] According to Thompson, the game "drills you and gives you scenarios on how to kill them [and] gets you to kill them with your heart rate lower." He says that Seung-Hui "was in a hyper-reality situation in virtual reality." Though Seung-Hui had last been known to have played Counter-Strike in high school, four years prior to the shooting, Thompson asserts that "you don't drop it when you go to college, typically." Thompson disputed Seung-Hui's roommate's claim that Seung-Hui only used his computer to write fiction, on the grounds that "Cho was able to go room to room calmly, efficiently, coolly killing people."[116] Prior to being identified, Thompson attributed the "flat effect [sic] on [Seung-Hui's] face" and the efficiency of his attack to video game rehearsals of the shooting.[117] However, a search warrant released, listing the items found in Cho's dorm room, did not contain any video games, and a Washington Post story cited by Thompson later removed a paragraph stating that Seung-Hui enjoyed violent video games in high school. Despite all evidence indicating that Seung-Hui had not played Counter-Strike in years, Thompson continued to insist that "this is not rocket science. When a kid who has never killed anyone in his life goes on a rampage and looks like the Terminator, he's a video gamer." Thompson also sent a letter to Bill Gates, saying, "Mr. Gates, your company is potentially legally liable (for) the harm done at Virginia Tech. Your game, a killing simulator, according to the news that used to be in the Post, trained him to enjoy killing and how to kill." However, Microsoft did not create Counter-Strike – they only published the Xbox version of the game.[45] The official Virginia state panel commissioned to investigate the shooting determined that Seung-Hui "played video games like Sonic the Hedgehog," and that "none of the video games [he had played] were war games or had violent themes."[118]
In December 2007, Thompson filed suit against Omaha, Nebraska Police Chief Thomas Warren, asking him to produce information on all "violent entertainment material" belonging to Robert Hawkins, who killed nine people, including himself, in a shooting at the Westroads Mall earlier that month. According to the Omaha Police Department, such information is not a matter of public record, as it is part of an ongoing criminal investigation.[119]
On February 15, 2008, Jack Thompson claimed that the actions of Steven Kazmierczak, who the previous day killed five people at Northern Illinois University before committing suicide, were influenced by the game Counter-Strike.[120] In a subsequent news release, Thompson claimed that "We have a nation of Manchurian Candidate video gamers out there who are ready, willing, and able to massacre, and some of them will."[121] Thompson also threatened the university with a lawsuit if the school did not provide copies of "all documents that reveal [Kazmierczak's] play of violent videogames."[122]
Relationship with the gaming industry and gamers
Thompson's "high-profile crusades" have made him an enemy of video game aficionados.[68] On occasion, Thompson has sparred directly with the gaming industry and its fans. In 2005, he wrote an open letter to Entertainment Software Association president Doug Lowenstein, making what he described as "a modest video game proposal" (an allusion to the title of Jonathan Swift's satirical essay, A Modest Proposal) to the video game industry: Thompson said he would donate $10,000 to a charity designated by Take-Two CEO Paul Eibeler if any video game company would create a game including the scenario he described in the letter. The scenario called for the main character, whose son was killed by a boy who played violent video games, to murder a number of industry executives (including one modeled on Eibeler) and go on a killing spree at the Electronic Entertainment Expo. Video game fans promptly began working to take Thompson up on his offer, resulting in the game I'm O.K – A Murder Simulator, among others. Afterwards, he claimed that his proposal was satire, and refused to make the promised donation.
In response, Jerry Holkins and Mike Krahulik, the creators of gaming webcomic Penny Arcade and of the children's charity Child's Play, stepped in to make the US$10,000 (equivalent to $15,601 in 2023) donation instead, writing in the memo field of their cheque, "For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't." Afterwards, Thompson tried unsuccessfully to get Seattle police and the FBI to investigate Holkins and Krahulik for orchestrating "criminal harassment" of him through articles on their site.[123][124] Other webcomics have regularly incorporated references to Thompson, alluding to this incident as well as others.[125]
In 2006, two Michigan gamers began a project dubbed "Flowers for Jack", soliciting donations to deliver a massive floral arrangement to Thompson's office. The flowers were delivered in February along with a letter aimed at opening a dialogue between Thompson and the video gaming community. Thompson rejected this overture and forwarded the flowers to some of his industry foes, with such comments as "Discard them along with the decency you discarded long ago. I really don't care. Grind them up and smoke them if you like."[126]
Gamers have responded to Thompson's attempt to link the Virginia Tech massacre to the game Counter-Strike. Video game Web sites and young gamers on Internet message boards "teemed with anger" at what San Francisco Chronicle reporter Peter Hartlaub called "his serial misstatements," in some cases linking to YouTube videos of Thompson and dissecting his claims point by point.[127] Jason Della Rocca, executive director of the International Game Developers Association, said, "It's so sad. These massacre chasers—they're worse than ambulance chasers—they're waiting for these things to happen so they can jump on their soapbox."[45] In response, Thompson referred to Della Rocca as an "idiot" and a "jackass ... paid not to connect the dots [connecting shootings to video games]", and compared himself to people who warned that the government should be more concerned about terrorism before the September 11, 2001 attacks.[128] According to Della Rocca, Thompson then challenged him to a series of gaming debates, claiming that they could each make more than $3,000 per event. When Della Rocca suggested that neither he nor Thompson accept any money for the events, Thompson refused.[121]
In July 2009, Entertainment Consumers Association (ECA) president Hal Halpin posted a copy of an email exchange between himself and Thompson,[129] stating, "I get messages (IMs, emails, FB notes, etc.) from members all the time, asking what the (almost daily) notes are from JT. Since this one's fairly harmless and I've redacted anything personal (not that I don't love getting his threatening cease and desist letters), I thought I'd share it as a pretty typical exchange." Halpin and Thompson have been vocal opponents since 1998, when Halpin ran the game retail trade association IEMA. The exchange was sparked by a guest editorial that Halpin entitled, "Perception is Everything" for IndustryGamers.com[130] where he called for consumers and the industry to speak out against negative stereotyping of gamers.
In March 2011, in response to the creation of a school shooter mod entitled School Shooter: North American Tour 2012, developed by Checkerboarded Studios on Valve's Source engine, Thompson emailed Valve's managing director, Gabe Newell, demanding that the mod be removed, as he speculated that Valve played a part in the mod's development.[131] In the letter, Thompson stated that Half-Life was directly responsible for the Erfurt school massacre, as well as the Virginia Tech massacre and that Valve had until 5:00 p.m. on March 18 to remove the mod.[131]
The Howard Stern Show
In 2004, Thompson helped get Howard Stern's show taken off a radio station in Orlando, Florida, by filing a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission. Thompson objected to Stern's use of perceived obscenities on the air. He argued that "Either broadcasters will accept the light harness of decency that has been the law for decades and start cleaning up their acts, or the public's deepening outrage will foster a more fearsome governmental response."[132] Thompson claimed to have received death threats from listeners of Stern's show, noting that "you'd expect that considering the IQ of people who listen to Howard Stern. Apparently they fail to realize that I might have caller ID."[133]
During his opposition to Howard Stern, Thompson was asked in an interview with a reporter if, by his standards, he would blame Christianity for the murders committed by Michael Hernandez, a fourteen-year-old who murdered one of his classmates in 2004, because Hernandez wrote a diary in which he constantly spoke about praying to God. Thompson replied, "The Bible doesn't promote killing innocent people, Grand Theft Auto does. Islam does." Thompson then expanded his comments in the same interview by saying, "Islam promotes the killing of innocent people. The Quran requires the infidel, whether Jew or Christian, to be killed. ... That's a core essence of the religion. ... Muhammad was a pirate who killed infidels and who advocated the killing of infidels—not a nice guy. Osama bin Laden is in keeping with his fine tradition."[133]
He later spoke in defense of Stern during the latter's legal dispute with CBS over promoting Sirius on-air before his switch to satellite radio. Thompson contended that the technology added by CBS to edit out profanity also could have worked to edit out Stern's references to Sirius.[134] According to Thompson, "The reason why CBS chose not to edit Stern is that Stern's Arbitron ratings remained high and were arguably even enhanced by people tuning in to hear daily about Stern's running feud with CBS and his move to Sirius. In other words, CBS actually used Stern's discussion of his move to Sirius to make more money for CBS."[135]
CBS President Les Moonves responded, saying "You know what? You can't let people like that tell you what to put on the air or what not to put on the air. That would only open the door when suddenly next week, he says, 'Take David Letterman off the air or take C.S.I. off the air.' Or you know what? Everybody Loves Raymond was about, you know, sex last week or about a 70-year-old man—you know, we dealt with Peter Boyle having sex with Doris Roberts. 'Take that off the air.' That's something we can't let happen."[136]
The Florida Bar
Actions against the bar
In 1993, Thompson asked a Florida judge to declare The Florida Bar unconstitutional. He said that the Bar was engaged in a vendetta against him because of his religious beliefs, which he said conflicted with what he called the Bar's pro-gay, humanist, liberal agenda. He also said that the "wedding of all three functions of government into The Florida Bar, the 'official arm' of the Florida Supreme Court, is violative of the bedrock constitutional requirement of the separation powers and the 'checks and balances' which the separation guarantees."[7] Thompson accepted a $20,000 out-of-court settlement.[137]
On January 7, 2002, Thompson sent the Supreme Court of Florida a letter regarding The Florida Bar's actions. The letter was filed with the court on January 10, 2002, and was treated as a petition for a writ of mandamus against The Florida Bar.[138] Before any action was taken on the petition, Thompson sent the court another letter on January 28, 2002, voluntarily dismissing the case. The letter was filed with the court on January 30, 2002, and the Florida Supreme Court issued an order of dismissal on February 28, 2002.[139]
In January 2006, Thompson asked the Justice Department to investigate The Florida Bar's actions. "The Florida Bar and its agents have engaged in a documented pattern of this illegal activity, which may sink to the level of criminal racketeering activity, in a knowing and illegal effort to chill my federal First Amendment rights," Thompson wrote in a letter to Alex Acosta, interim U.S. attorney for the Southern District of Florida.[140]
In April 2006, Thompson filed another suit against The Florida Bar, this time in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, alleging that the Bar harassed him by investigating what he called baseless complaints made by disgruntled opponents in previous disputes. His five-count complaint asked for more than $1 million in damages. The lawsuit alleged that the Bar was pursuing baseless ethics complaints brought against Thompson by Tew Cardenas attorneys Lawrence Kellogg and Alberto Cardenas of Miami, and by two lawyers from the Philadelphia office of Blank Rome, in violation of Thompson's constitutional rights. According to the lawsuit, the Bar looked at Thompson for violations of a bar rule that prohibits attorneys from making disparaging remarks about judges, other attorneys, or court personnel. Thompson also filed a motion with the court to order the mediation of his dispute with the Bar. Thompson commented, "I enjoy doing what I do and I think I've got a First Amendment right to annoy people and participate in the public square in the cultural war." Thompson also said he is optimistic his federal lawsuit will be successful. "I'm 100 percent certain that it will effect change, otherwise I would not have filed it."[140]
On April 25, 2006, The Florida Bar filed a motion to dismiss Thompson's complaint. The Bar argued that Thompson's complaint should be dismissed for a number of reasons, including the fact that the complaint failed to state a claim on which he could be granted relief. The Bar also argued that it was absolutely immune from liability for actions arising out of its disciplinary functions, that the Eleventh Amendment barred Thompson's recovery of damages, and that the court should dismiss the case pursuant to the abstention doctrine of Younger v. Harris. On May 4, 2006, Thompson filed a motion asking Judge Federico Moreno to recuse himself from the case, as Judge Moreno was a member of The Florida Bar. Citing an "abundance of caution," Judge Moreno recused himself on May 9, 2006, and referred the case to Chief Judge William Zloch for further action. Thompson did not, however, respond to the Bar's motion to dismiss the case. Finally, on May 17, 2006, Thompson filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal with the court, and the case was dismissed without prejudice.[141]
Filings
In October 2007, Federico Moreno, the then-Chief U.S. District Judge,[142] sealed court documents submitted by Thompson in the Bar case that depicted "gay sex acts". Thompson's submission prompted U.S. District Judge Adalberto Jordan to order Thompson to show cause why his actions should not be filed as a grievance with the court's Ad Hoc Committee on Attorney Admissions, Peer Review and Attorney Grievance, but the order was dismissed after Thompson promised not to file any more pornography. Thompson then sent letters to acting U.S. Attorney General Peter Keisler and U.S. Senators Patrick Leahy and Arlen Specter demanding that Jordan be removed from his position for failing to prosecute Florida attorney Norm Kent, who Thompson claimed had "collaborated" with the Bar for 20 years to discipline him.[143]
In February 2008, the Florida Supreme Court ordered Thompson to show cause as to why it should not reject future court filings from him unless they are signed by another The Florida Bar member. The Florida Supreme Court described his filings as "repetitive, frivolous and insult[ing to] the integrity of the court," particularly one in which Thompson, claiming concern about "the court's inability to comprehend his arguments," filed a motion which he called "A picture book for adults", including images of "swastikas, kangaroos in court, a reproduced dollar bill, cartoon squirrels, Paul Simon, Paul Newman, Ray Charles, a handprint with the word 'slap' written under it, Bar Governor Benedict P. Kuehne, Ed Bradley, Jack Nicholson, Justice Clarence Thomas, Julius Caesar, monkeys, [and] a house of cards" . Thompson claimed that the order "wildly infringes" on his constitutional rights and was "a brazen attempt" to repeal the First Amendment right to petition the government to redress grievances. In response, he sent a letter to U.S. Attorney General Michael Mukasey, referring to the show-cause order as a criminal act done in retaliation for his seeking relief with the court.[145][146]
On March 20, 2008, the Florida Supreme Court imposed sanctions on Thompson, requiring that any of his future filings in the court be signed by a member of The Florida Bar other than himself. The court noted that Thompson had responded to the show cause order with multiple "rambling, argumentative, and contemptuous" responses that characterized the show cause order as "bizarre" and "idiotic."[147]
Disbarment
In February 2007, The Florida Bar filed disbarment proceedings against Thompson over allegations of professional misconduct. The action was the result of separate grievances filed by people claiming that Thompson made defamatory, false statements and attempted to humiliate, embarrass, harass or intimidate them.[148] According to the complaint, Thompson accused Alberto Cardenas of "distribution of pornography to children", claimed that the Alabama judge presiding over the Devin Moore case "breaks the rules, even the Alabama State Bar Rules, because he thinks that the rules don't apply to him", and sent a letter to Blank Rome's managing partner, saying, "Your law firm has actively and knowingly facilitated by various means the criminal distribution of sexual material to minors." Thompson claims that the complaints violate state religious protections because his advocacy is motivated by his Christian faith.[149]
In May 2008, Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Dava Tunis, after reviewing 2,400 pages of transcripts and 1,700 pages of exhibits, recommended that Thompson be found guilty of 27 of the 31 violations of which he had been accused, including making false statements to tribunals, disparaging and humiliating litigants and other lawyers, and improperly practicing law outside of Florida. Thompson filed a motion with the Florida Supreme Court the day after the report was issued to strike Tunis' recommendations as vague for lack of detail. Previously, Thompson had attempted to have Tunis thrown off his case, and filed a complaint against her with the state Judicial Qualifications Commission, which is responsible for investigating judges.[150]
On June 4, 2008, prosecutor Sheila Tuma recommended 'enhanced disbarment' for Thompson, saying that Thompson demonstrated continued misconduct, a pattern of misconduct and persistently failed to admit any wrongdoing. Enhanced disbarment lengthens the period before an attorney may reapply for admission to the bar from five years to ten. After being prevented from making a speech to begin the disciplinary hearing, Thompson distributed his written objections to lawyers, a court reporter, and a newspaper reporter, departed the courtroom, and called the proceedings against him a "star chamber" and "kangaroo court".[151]
On July 8, 2008, Judge Tunis recommended permanent disbarment and a $43,675.35 fine for Thompson to the Florida Supreme Court, citing "cumulative misconduct, a repeated pattern of behavior relentlessly forced upon numerous unconnected individuals, a total lack of remorse or even slight acknowledgment of inappropriate conduct, and continued behavior consistent with the previous public reprimand... Over a very extended period of time involving a number of totally unrelated cases and individuals, the Respondent has demonstrated a pattern of conduct to strike out harshly, extensively, repeatedly and willfully to simply try to bring as much difficulty, distraction and anguish to those he considers in opposition to his causes... He does not proceed within the guidelines of appropriate professional behavior, but rather uses other means available to intimidate, harass, or bring public disrepute to those whom he perceives oppose him."[152][153][154] The court approved the recommendation and fine on September 25, 2008, and ordered that Thompson be permanently disbarred effective 30 days from the date of the order so Thompson could close out his practice.[155][156] He later filed for an emergency stay of the Florida Supreme Court's order with the U.S. District Court, which was ultimately denied. In an e-mail to media outlets, Thompson responded to the court's decision by stating, "The timing of this disbarment transparently reveals its motivation: this past Friday Thompson filed a federal civil rights action against The Bar, the Supreme Court, and all seven of its Justices. This rush to disbarment is in retribution for the filing of that federal suit. With enemies this foolish, Thompson needs only the loyal friends he has." He closed the email—in which he included the court ruling—with, "...this should be fun, starting now".[157][158][159]
On September 19, 2009, Thompson announced that he intended to resume practicing law as of October 1, 2009, claiming that he was "never disbarred" because all of the orders resulting in his disbarment were legal nullities. He dared The Florida Bar to get a court order to stop him,[160] although as of 2022[update] he had not practiced law since his disbarment.[161]
Other activities
In 1992, a complaint from Thompson led Florida Secretary of State Jim Smith to withhold a $25,000 grant to the Miami Film Festival; Thompson claimed that the festival was using state money to show pornographic films.[162] In response, Thompson was named an "Art Censor of the Year" by the ACLU.[163] The next month, Thompson faced disbarment over allegations that he lied while making accusations against prominent Dade County lawyer Stuart Z Grossman.[164] Thompson ultimately admitted violating bar rules of professional conduct, including charges that he contacted people represented by an attorney without first contacting their attorneys, and agreed to pay $3,000[165] in fines and receive a public reprimand.[166]
In 1999, Thompson represented the parents of Bryce Kilduff, an 11-year-old boy who committed suicide by hanging himself. Police believed that the death was an accident, and that Kilduff was imitating Kenny, a character from the Comedy Central series South Park, which Bryce, according to his parents, had never watched. Thompson called for Comedy Central to stop marketing the show and toys based on the series to children. He said: "You see, the whole show—thrust of the show is it's—it's cool for kids to act like the characters in South Park."[167]
Prior to Thompson's disbarment, attorney Norm Kent filed a personal lawsuit against him, which eventually resulted in Thompson paying Kent $50,000 for defamation.[152] Thompson reacted to the suit by threatening employees at one of Kent's clients, Beasley Broadcast Group, with lawsuits and depositions unless they got Kent to drop his case.
In January 2005, Beasley hired attorney Lawrence A. Kellogg of law firm Tew Cardenas, LLP, to manage Thompson's threats. Because Kellogg delayed arranging a meeting with him, Thompson on March 17 began a campaign targeting the firm's name partner Al Cardenas, a former chair of the Republican Party of Florida, accusing him of personally being involved in "a statewide racketeering activity" in a letter sent to the media, Florida Attorney General Charlie Crist, and Florida Governor Jeb Bush. Kellogg then filed a complaint to The Florida Bar that figured largely in Thompson's disbarment.
On April 30, Thompson extended his campaign against Cardenas to an attempt at embarrassing him as a trustee of Florida A&M University, a historically black university. In an email sent to FAMU interim president Castell V. Bryant, the media, the FCC, and Governor Bush, he cites racist remarks made by a caller to The Howard Stern Show to suggest that Cardenas put "profit ahead of race relations", even though Beasley, which owned a station broadcasting Stern's show, was not among Al Cardenas' clients.
On February 21, 2007, Thompson filed a complaint with the Florida Judicial Qualifications Commission against Judge Larry Seidlin, accusing Seidlin of "violating nearly every judicial canon" in conducting a hearing on the disposition of the body of Anna Nicole Smith.[168] On June 28, 2007, Thompson filed a complaint with the State Attorney's Office, asking for an investigation and possible prosecution regarding accusations that Seidlin inappropriately accepted expensive gifts.[169]
In March 2008, Thompson called for the New York State Supreme Court's Appellate Division to immediately suspend the law license of former state governor Eliot Spitzer, who had resigned from the position amidst reports he was a client of a prostitution ring. Thompson said that the Disciplinary Committee for the Appellate Division's First Department should stop Spitzer from practicing law until the matter was resolved, noting that Spitzer did not claim innocence in his initial public apology.[170]
In an April 2016 interview with Inverse, Thompson revealed that he was teaching civics classes to inmates in the Florida prison system, including an American history and constitutional law class at the Everglades Correctional Institution.[171]
Facebook lawsuit
Thompson filed a lawsuit for $40 million against Facebook in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida on September 29, 2009. Thompson claimed that the social networking site had caused him "great harm and distress" by not removing angry postings made by users in several Facebook groups. Thompson withdrew his case less than two months later. According to Parry Aftab, a cyber-law attorney, Thompson would likely not have had any success because the U.S. Communications Decency Act provides that companies such as Facebook have no liability for what users do with their services in most cases.[172][173]
Bibliography
- Out of Harm's Way. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2005. ISBN 1-4143-0442-0.
See also
- GamePolitics.com – Frequently covered Thompson
- Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat – Thompson is interviewed
- Playing Columbine – Thompson is interviewed
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- ^ For examples, see Ctrl+Alt+Del by Tim Buckley, "Bathing Suit Area" (2005-08-08) and "An Open Letter to Jack Thompson" (2005-10-12); GU Comics by Woody Hearn, August 16 Archived October 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine and October 18, 2005 Archived March 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine; VG Cats by Scott Ramsoomair, "Coco Beans in Warm Water Archived 2006-03-15 at the Wayback Machine"; Bunny by Lem, "different reasons, same fun Archived 2009-07-15 at the Wayback Machine" (2005-10-17); Punks and Nerds by Josh Mirman, October 21, 2005 Archived May 7, 2006, at the Wayback Machine; PvP by Scott Kurtz, parody of complaint Archived August 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine on October 21st, 2005 news post Archived June 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine; Shortpacked! by David Willis, October 24, 2005 Archived June 15, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
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- ^ a b Chalk, Andy (March 17, 2011). "Jack Thompson Threatens Gabe Newell Over School Shooter Mod". The Escapist. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
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- ^ a b Mayo, Michael. "Puritanical Intolerance is Scarier Than Stern Himself." South Florida Sun-Sentinel, 2004-04-18.
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- ^ "In Brief: Lawyer Accepts $20,000 Bar Settlement." Miami Herald, February 5, 1993.
- ^ Thompson v. The Florida Bar, No. SC02-82 (Fla. 2002).
- ^ Thompson v. The Florida Bar, 816 So.2d 130 (Fla. 2002) (decided without opinion).
- ^ a b Jones, Carl. "Anti-porn crusader sues over Bar probe Archived May 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine." Broward Daily Business Review, 2006-04-13.
- ^ Thompson v. The Florida Bar, No. CV-06-20945 (S.D. Fla. May 17, 2006).
- ^ "United States District Court: Home". Archived from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2008. |access-date=2014-12-15
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- ^ a b "Report of Referee, The Florida Bar v. Thompson, Nos. SC07-80, SC07-354 (July 8, 2008)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 2, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
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- ^ Cosford, Bill. "Film Fest Vs Porno-Police: It's Your Choice". Miami Herald, 1992-03-19.
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- ^ "Antoinette Kilduff and Her Lawyer, John Thompson, Discuss Her Son Imitating the Cartoon Character Kenny From Popular Comedy Central's South Park and Hanging Himself". Today, NBC, 1999-10-11.
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External links
- The Florida Bar's Member page of John Bruce Thompson
- Jack Thompson versus Adam Sessler on G4's Attack of the Show!
- Jack Thompson vs Paul Levinson Archived June 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine on CNBC
- Jack Thompson at IMDb
- Thompson interviewed on Free Talk Live Archived February 28, 2021, at the Wayback Machine