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[[Image:Kond Cleaning Filter01.PNG|thumb|400px|Schematic representation of the cleaning process and of the filtration technology]]{{refimprove|date=July 2024}}
{{POV-because|There has only been one contributor, possibly working directly for the company}}
'''Taprogge [[GmbH]]''' is a medium-sized [[company (law)|company]] based in [[Wetter (Ruhr)|Wetter]], [[Germany]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-27 |title=Standortprofil Wetter (Ruhr): Wirtschaft und die größten Unternehmen |url=https://die-deutsche-wirtschaft.de/standort/wetter-ruhr/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |language=de-DE}}</ref> The company is named after founding brothers Ludwig and Josef Taprogge. Founded in 1953,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Chris |date=2018-02-15 |title=Chris Lloyd: Taking a Taprogge to task |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/opinion/columnists/15997878.chris-lloyd-taking-taprogge-task/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=The Northern Echo |language=en}}</ref> the company is known for its [[tube cleaning]] systems<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=PR Newswire |date=2023-01-26 |title=Automatic Tube Cleaning System Market worth $143 million by 2028 - Exclusive Report by MarketsandMarkets™: PR Newswire US |url= |journal=PR Newswire US}}</ref> for [[Condenser (steam turbine)|steam turbine condensers]],<ref>{{Cite book |title=services. (Cover story): Power Engineering |date=2009-12-01 |publisher=Clarion Events, Inc |series=Power Engineering |volume=113 |pages=59–75 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |date=1996 |title=International Joint Power Generation Conference and Exposition: Mechanical Engineering |url= |journal=Mechanical Engineering |volume=118 |pages=102–106 |issn=00256501}}</ref> [[heat exchanger]]s and [[debris]] [[filter (water)|filters]]<ref name=":1" /> for water-cooled shell and tube heat exchangers and condensers.


== Invention of the tube cleaning system ==
⚫
[[Image:Kond Cleaning Filter01.PNG|thumb|400px|Schematic representation of the cleaning process and of the filtration technology]]
''Josef Taprogge'' was a turbine engineer in a [[power plant]] nearby [[Essen]] and was responsible for the cleaning of the [[turbine]] condenser tubes. Cleaning had to be performed while the turbine was out of operation, with the [[power station]] not being able to supply any [[electrical energy]] to the grid during the turbine outage. On the other hand, the careful elimination of [[fouling]] from inside of the tubing is important for a high [[vacuum]] in the condenser and thereby for the optimal [[energy conversion efficiency|efficiency]] of the [[energy]] generation through [[water vapour]]. He generated patents for these self-cleaning systems in 1953<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US2801824A|title=Self-cleaning heat exchanger|gdate=1957-08-06|invent1=Josef|inventor1-first=Taprogge|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2801824A/en}}</ref> and 1957.<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US3021117A|title=Self-cleaning heat-exchanger|gdate=1962-02-13|invent1=Josef|inventor1-first=Taprogge|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3021117A/en}}</ref>
The '''Taprogge''' GmbH is a medium-sized [[company (law)|company]] based in [[Wetter, North Rhine-Westphalia|Wetter]], district Wengern, on the river [[Ruhr]] in [[Germany]]. The [[limited company]] was founded by the merchant Ludwig Taprogge (* [[18 September]] [[1920]]) at Duesseldorf-Angermund on 1 March 1953 and has since then been producing tube cleaning systems for [[condenser]]s and [[heat exchanger]]s and, at a later stage, also [[debris]] [[filter (water)|filter]]s for water-cooled shell-and-tube heat exchangers and condensers. The [[family business]] with a [[employment|staff]] of around 350 is regarded as [[market leader]] in this technological field and has subsidiaries and agencies in many countries of the world.


To avoid economic losses caused by shutdowns, Josef Taprogge invented a continuously working cleaning system which kept the condenser free from fouling during the operation of the steam turbine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poels |first=Hubert |date=2023-11-21 |title=Comparing 2 Condenser Cleaning Systems: Brushing vs. Sponge Ball |url=https://www.watco-group.co/online-condenser-cleaning-systems-compared/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> A prototype was installed into the cooling water pipe leading to the condenser. During the time of the German [[Wirtschaftswunder]], the process which was marketed and further developed by Taprogge GmbH was widespread and very well received in the power stations due to its efficiency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tube Cleaning |url=https://knappmedien.de/index.php?id=7&L=0wwenwgdpochgc&type=30 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=knappmedien.de}}</ref> The efficiency of the power stations that are equipped with the systems increases by around 2 – 4%. The cleaning process became well known and the name "Taprogge System" has been used in the technical literature.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taprogge cleaning system: make condenser more clean with rubber balls |url=https://geckointech.com/product/taprogge-cleaning-system/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=Geckointech |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Company Development==
The first freelancer of the company was the company [[founder]]'s brother, Josef Taprogge (* [[15 November]] [[1914]], † [[27 November]] [[1961]]), an engineer for [[power station]] technology in the then steam power plant at [[Essen]]-Kupferdreh. As the works manager he was responsible for the cleaning of the [[turbine]] condenser [[tube]]s, a time-consuming and very dirty activity. Cleaning had to be performed while the turbine was out of operation, with the [[power station]] not being able to supply any [[electrical energy]] to the grid during the turbine outage. On the other hand, the careful elimination of [[fouling]] from inside of the tubing is extremely important for a high [[vacuum]] in the condenser and thereby for the optimal [[efficiency]] of the [[energy]] generation through [[water vapour]]. After such a cleaning, however, the tubes fouled again very quickly. To avoid economic losses caused by this situation, Josef Taprogge [[invention|invented]] a continuously working cleaning system which, during the operation of the steam turbine, kept the condenser free from fouling, and installed a prototype into the cooling water pipe leading to the condenser. During the time of the German [[Wirtschaftswunder]], the process which was marketed and further developed by Taprogge was widespread and very well received in the power stations due to its efficiency. The efficiency of the power stations that are equipped with the systems increases by around 2 – 4 %, so that the investment pays back within few months. The cleaning process became so famous among experts that to date the name "TAPROGGE System" has been used in the technical literature. The company grew rapidly. Already in [[1957]] a subsidiary could be founded in [[USA]]. Further subsidiaries followed in [[Great Britain]] ([[1963]]) and [[Japan]] ([[1967]]). The latest foundation was the establishment of a [[China|Chinese]] production site in [[Shanghai]] on [[15 December]] [[1997]].


==Tube Cleaning Systems==
==Tube cleaning systems==
[[Image:CleaningBalls.jpg|thumb|200px|A typical assortment of cleaning balls]]
[[Image:Cleaning balls for heat exchangers.jpg|thumb|200px|A typical assortment of cleaning balls]]
The patented process invented by Josef Taprogge is a matter of [[sponge]] [[rubber]] [[ball]]s which are injected into the cooling water flow (1) before it enters into the condenser. The [[diameter]] of the cleaning balls is slightly bigger than the nominal diameter of the condenser tubing. Due to their [[elasticity]] they generate a contact [[pressure]] on their way through the condenser tubes by which all fouling is reliably removed from the inner tube walls. At the condenser outlet a [[strainer]] (2) is installed in the connecting pipe which separates the balls from the water flow and feeds them into a DN 80 pipe. From there the balls are pumped back to their starting point by a 4 kW [[pump#centrifugal Pump Components|impeller pump]] via a DN 80 pipe. To inject the balls into the cycle, a [[pressure vessel]] with detachable cover is installed downstream of the pump. This so-called [[collector]] (3b) is equipped with a [[screen]] and a [[flap]]. At open flap, the balls can pass and with closed flap they remain in the collector and can be replenished or exchanged. The process works continuously, the tubes remain free from tenacious fouling like [[mud]], [[algae]], [[bacteria]] and [[scaling]]. The operation of the system is [[monitor]]ed via sight glasses and [[electronic]] [[measuring instrument]]s. The screen surfaces are arranged on [[shaft]]s with [[pivot]]ed [[bearing]]s and can be turned on demand to have fouling removed by the water flow. In this process the balls are caught in the collector. This time-consuming procedure is automatized (3c), gear motors (M) operate the relevant actuators. The nominal diameters of the screens have been adjusted to respond to the developments in power station technology and are produced in sizes from nominal diameter 150 [[Millimeter|mm]] to 3600 mm. The cleaning ball diameters range from 14 to 30 mm, and one collector filling normally consists of several hundreds up to far more than 1000 balls. The lifetime of the cleaning balls which are produced of biodegradable natural rubber may last max. 4 weeks.
The patented process<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US7055580B2|title=System for cleaning tubes of heat exchangers and cleaning bodies for use in the system|gdate=2006-06-06|invent1=Schildmann|invent2=Altegoer|invent3=Kretzschmar|inventor1-first=Hans-Werner|inventor2-first=Dietmar|inventor3-first=Rainer|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7055580B2/en}}</ref> uses sponge rubber balls which are injected into the cooling water flow (1) before it enters into the condenser. The [[diameter]] of the cleaning balls is only slightly bigger than the nominal diameter of the condenser tubing. Due to their [[elasticity (physics)|elasticity]] they generate a contact [[pressure]] on their way through the condenser tubes by which fouling is removed from the inner tube walls. At the condenser outlet a [[strainer]] (2) is installed in the connecting pipe which separates the balls from the water flow and feeds them into a DN 80 pipe. From there the balls are pumped back to their starting point by a 4&nbsp;kW [[pump#Centrifugal pump|impeller pump]] via a DN 80 pipe. To inject the balls into the cycle, a [[pressure vessel]] with detachable cover is installed downstream of the pump. This so-called collector (3b) is equipped with a [[sieve|screen]] and a [[wikt:flap|flap]]. At open flap, the balls can pass and with closed flap they remain in the collector and can be replenished or exchanged. The process works continuously and the tubes remain free of [[mud]], [[algae]], [[bacteria]] and [[fouling|scaling]]. The operation of the system is [[wikt:monitor|monitor]]ed via sight glasses and [[electronics|electronic]] [[measuring instrument]]s. The screen surfaces are arranged on [[Axle|shaft]]s with pivoted [[bearing (mechanical)|bearing]]s and can be turned on demand to have fouling removed by the water flow. In this process the balls are caught in the collector. This time-consuming procedure is automatized (3c) meaning there is no need to close the plant for cleaning or interrupting plant processes.<ref name=":0" /> Gear motors (M) operate the relevant actuators. The minal diameters of the screens have been adjusted to respond to the developments in power station technology and are produced in sizes from nominal diameter 150&nbsp;mm to 3600&nbsp;mm. The cleaning ball diameters range from 14 to 30&nbsp;mm and filling one collector normally requires several hundred of them. However, some cleaning systems can require well over a thousand cleaning balls. The lifetime of the cleaning balls which are produced of biodegradable natural rubber is around 4 weeks.


A specialized technology is the production of tube cleaning systems for [[seawater]] [[desalination]] plants. As the heated seawater called [[brine]] has a particularly corrosive effect, highly resistant materials have to be used for such systems. Due to the large tube diameters in the evaporators, the cleaning balls have diameters of up to 45 mm.
A specialized technology is the production of tube cleaning systems for [[seawater]] [[desalination]] plants. As the heated seawater called [[brine]] has a particularly corrosive effect, excellent corrosion resistant yet heat conducting materials (like Titanium) have to be used for such systems. Due to the large tube diameters in the evaporators, the cleaning balls have diameters of up to 45&nbsp;mm.


==Debris Filtration Systems==
==Debris filtration systems==
[[Image:PRBW800kv.jpg|thumb|200px|Backflush filter with large nominal diameter]]
[[Image:PRBW800kv.jpg|thumb|200px|Backwash filter with large nominal diameter]]
In the [[seventies]], the [[product]] [[range]] was extended by backwash filters to protect the heat exchangers and condensers from macro fouling, like [[stone]]s, pieces of [[wood]], [[fibre]]s, plastic [[foil]] and [[mussel]]s. Foreign matter will first settle on the filter surface. As soon as the accumulated fouling has built up a certain differential pressure between filter inlet and outlet, the filter is backwashed. For this purpose an electrically driven [[rotor]] covers the filter surface which is connected with a [[pipe]] leading outside. Installed in this pipe is a [[valve]] that is opened during the backwash process. The accumulated fouling is drawn off and discharged via the pipe which, downstream of the condenser, leads to the main cooling water pipe or a debris container. This technology was spread in power stations and industrial plants the world over. Depending on the flow rates to be filtered, the filters are produced in nominal diameters from 150 mm to DN 3200 mm. The filter surface consists of [[stainless steel]] with [[punching|punched]] holes. For difficult types of debris, filter surfaces of [[plastic]] or [[grid]]s can be used. A further type produced by the company are fine filters with filtration degrees from 50 to 1000 µm.
In the 1970s, the [[Product (business)|product]] range was extended by backwash filters to protect the heat exchangers and condensers from macro fouling, like [[Rock (geology)|stone]]s, pieces of [[wood]], [[fibre]]s, [[plastic]] sheeting, and [[mussel]]s. Foreign matter will first settle on the filter surface. As fouling builds up, differential pressure between filter inlet and outlet increases and the filter has to be cleaned by backwashing. For this purpose an electrically driven [[Rotor (turbine)|rotor]] covers the filter surface which is connected with a pipe leading outside. Installed in this pipe is a [[valve]] that is opened during the backwash process. The accumulated fouling is drawn off and discharged via the pipe which, downstream of the condenser, leads to the main cooling water pipe or a debris container. This technology was spread in power stations and industrial plants the world over. Depending on the flow rates to be filtered, the filters are produced in nominal diameters from 150&nbsp;mm to DN 3200&nbsp;mm. The filter surface consists of [[stainless steel]] with [[punching|punched]] holes. For difficult types of debris, filter surfaces of [[plastic]] or [[wikt:grid|grids]] can be used. A further type produced by the company are fine filters with filtration degrees from 50 to 1000&nbsp;μm.


==Water Intake Systems==
==Water intake systems==
[[Image:INTAPkv04.jpg|thumb|200px|Airflushed intake filter with TAPIS® -Design]]
[[Image:INTAPkv04.jpg|thumb|200px|Airflushed intake filter called TAPIS]]
Since the late 90s, Taprogge offers another filter system which retains fouling already at the intake into the [[cooling water]] system – in this way the entire system and the long cooling water pipes can be protected. The system called TAPIS® (Taprogge Air Powered Intake System) is installed in the water at the cooling water pipe inlet in the form of a [[polyhedral]] [[housing]] with plain filter surfaces. It is cleaned by pressurized air blast. In contrast to submarine rakes for seaborne matter, the stainless steel filter has no moving parts and masters biggest water flows. The filter surfaces are made of [[coating|coated]] plastic provided with [[drilling|drilled]] holes.
Since the late 1990s, Taprogge offers another filter system which retains fouling already at the intake into the [[cooling water]] system – in this way the entire system and the long cooling water pipes can be protected. The system called TAPIS (Taprogge Air Powered Intake System) is installed in the water at the cooling water pipe inlet in the form of a [[Polyhedron|polyhedral]] [[wiktionary:Housing|housing]] with plain filter surfaces. It is cleaned by pressurized air blast. In contrast to submarine rakes for seaborne matter, the stainless steel filter has no moving parts and masters biggest water flows. The filter surfaces are made of [[coating|coated]] plastic provided with [[drilling|drilled]] holes.

==Market positioning==
Taprogge GmbH is regarded as [[market leader]] in its [[market segment]]. Taprogge Systems not only cause improved power station efficiency but also contricute to the reduction of [[carbon dioxide]] [[emission]]s in fossile fired [[steam]] [[power plant]]s. Nearly 90% of all steam power plants of the world are equipped with Taprogge tube cleaning systems and debris filters, and there is a similar [[market penetration]] in the industrial sector. Since [[1984]] the company has been based in Wengern, with [[subsidiary|subsidiaries]] and [[production]] [[site]]s, among others, in [[Japan]], [[China]] and [[USA]]. [[Agency|Agencies]] and subsidiaries established in more than 60 countries over the world. One special feature of the products of the company is their ability to be individually adjusted to customers' needs. The products are [[project]]ed, [[design]]ed and produced on Taprogge's own premises, the [[workshop]] [[floor]] has more than 10,000 [[Square meter|sqm]].


==Literature==
==Literature==
* Heat Exchanger Fouling, Fundamental Approaches and Technical Solutions; Editor: Prof.Dr.-Ing. Hans Mueller-Steinhagen {{ISBN|3-934736-00-9}}.
* Verminderung der Belags- und Korrosionsbildung in Kraftwerken: Handbuch; Brennstoffauswahl, Monitoring, Konstruktive Maßnahmen, Reinigungssysteme / Essen, Ruhr: Publico Publ., 2004 page 256ff Springer VDI publishers ISBN 3-934736-13-0

*Essay on step-by-step filtration of cooling water (http://dbindustrie.work.svhfi.de/AI/resources/bdc89e9eaeb.pdf)
==References==
{{Ref list}}


==Website==
==External links==
* http://www.taprogge.de (German and English)
* [http://www.taprogge.de Taprogge GmbH] (German and English)


{{coord|51|23|37|N|7|21|15|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title}}
[[category: Companies]]
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[[Category: Law firms]]


[[Category:Companies based in North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[de:Taprogge GmbH]]
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[[Category:Fouling]]
[[Category:Engineering companies of Germany]]

Latest revision as of 05:47, 12 July 2024

Schematic representation of the cleaning process and of the filtration technology

Taprogge GmbH is a medium-sized company based in Wetter, Germany.[1] The company is named after founding brothers Ludwig and Josef Taprogge. Founded in 1953,[2] the company is known for its tube cleaning systems[3] for steam turbine condensers,[4][5] heat exchangers and debris filters[5] for water-cooled shell and tube heat exchangers and condensers.

Invention of the tube cleaning system

[edit]

Josef Taprogge was a turbine engineer in a power plant nearby Essen and was responsible for the cleaning of the turbine condenser tubes. Cleaning had to be performed while the turbine was out of operation, with the power station not being able to supply any electrical energy to the grid during the turbine outage. On the other hand, the careful elimination of fouling from inside of the tubing is important for a high vacuum in the condenser and thereby for the optimal efficiency of the energy generation through water vapour. He generated patents for these self-cleaning systems in 1953[6] and 1957.[7]

To avoid economic losses caused by shutdowns, Josef Taprogge invented a continuously working cleaning system which kept the condenser free from fouling during the operation of the steam turbine.[8] A prototype was installed into the cooling water pipe leading to the condenser. During the time of the German Wirtschaftswunder, the process which was marketed and further developed by Taprogge GmbH was widespread and very well received in the power stations due to its efficiency.[9] The efficiency of the power stations that are equipped with the systems increases by around 2 – 4%. The cleaning process became well known and the name "Taprogge System" has been used in the technical literature.[10]

Tube cleaning systems

[edit]
A typical assortment of cleaning balls

The patented process[11] uses sponge rubber balls which are injected into the cooling water flow (1) before it enters into the condenser. The diameter of the cleaning balls is only slightly bigger than the nominal diameter of the condenser tubing. Due to their elasticity they generate a contact pressure on their way through the condenser tubes by which fouling is removed from the inner tube walls. At the condenser outlet a strainer (2) is installed in the connecting pipe which separates the balls from the water flow and feeds them into a DN 80 pipe. From there the balls are pumped back to their starting point by a 4 kW impeller pump via a DN 80 pipe. To inject the balls into the cycle, a pressure vessel with detachable cover is installed downstream of the pump. This so-called collector (3b) is equipped with a screen and a flap. At open flap, the balls can pass and with closed flap they remain in the collector and can be replenished or exchanged. The process works continuously and the tubes remain free of mud, algae, bacteria and scaling. The operation of the system is monitored via sight glasses and electronic measuring instruments. The screen surfaces are arranged on shafts with pivoted bearings and can be turned on demand to have fouling removed by the water flow. In this process the balls are caught in the collector. This time-consuming procedure is automatized (3c) meaning there is no need to close the plant for cleaning or interrupting plant processes.[3] Gear motors (M) operate the relevant actuators. The minal diameters of the screens have been adjusted to respond to the developments in power station technology and are produced in sizes from nominal diameter 150 mm to 3600 mm. The cleaning ball diameters range from 14 to 30 mm and filling one collector normally requires several hundred of them. However, some cleaning systems can require well over a thousand cleaning balls. The lifetime of the cleaning balls which are produced of biodegradable natural rubber is around 4 weeks.

A specialized technology is the production of tube cleaning systems for seawater desalination plants. As the heated seawater called brine has a particularly corrosive effect, excellent corrosion resistant yet heat conducting materials (like Titanium) have to be used for such systems. Due to the large tube diameters in the evaporators, the cleaning balls have diameters of up to 45 mm.

Debris filtration systems

[edit]
Backwash filter with large nominal diameter

In the 1970s, the product range was extended by backwash filters to protect the heat exchangers and condensers from macro fouling, like stones, pieces of wood, fibres, plastic sheeting, and mussels. Foreign matter will first settle on the filter surface. As fouling builds up, differential pressure between filter inlet and outlet increases and the filter has to be cleaned by backwashing. For this purpose an electrically driven rotor covers the filter surface which is connected with a pipe leading outside. Installed in this pipe is a valve that is opened during the backwash process. The accumulated fouling is drawn off and discharged via the pipe which, downstream of the condenser, leads to the main cooling water pipe or a debris container. This technology was spread in power stations and industrial plants the world over. Depending on the flow rates to be filtered, the filters are produced in nominal diameters from 150 mm to DN 3200 mm. The filter surface consists of stainless steel with punched holes. For difficult types of debris, filter surfaces of plastic or grids can be used. A further type produced by the company are fine filters with filtration degrees from 50 to 1000 μm.

Water intake systems

[edit]
Airflushed intake filter called TAPIS

Since the late 1990s, Taprogge offers another filter system which retains fouling already at the intake into the cooling water system – in this way the entire system and the long cooling water pipes can be protected. The system called TAPIS (Taprogge Air Powered Intake System) is installed in the water at the cooling water pipe inlet in the form of a polyhedral housing with plain filter surfaces. It is cleaned by pressurized air blast. In contrast to submarine rakes for seaborne matter, the stainless steel filter has no moving parts and masters biggest water flows. The filter surfaces are made of coated plastic provided with drilled holes.

Literature

[edit]
  • Heat Exchanger Fouling, Fundamental Approaches and Technical Solutions; Editor: Prof.Dr.-Ing. Hans Mueller-Steinhagen ISBN 3-934736-00-9.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Standortprofil Wetter (Ruhr): Wirtschaft und die größten Unternehmen" (in German). 2023-03-27. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  2. ^ Lloyd, Chris (2018-02-15). "Chris Lloyd: Taking a Taprogge to task". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
  3. ^ a b PR Newswire (2023-01-26). "Automatic Tube Cleaning System Market worth $143 million by 2028 - Exclusive Report by MarketsandMarkets™: PR Newswire US". PR Newswire US.
  4. ^ services. (Cover story): Power Engineering. Power Engineering. Vol. 113. Clarion Events, Inc. 2009-12-01. pp. 59–75.
  5. ^ a b "International Joint Power Generation Conference and Exposition: Mechanical Engineering". Mechanical Engineering. 118: 102–106. 1996. ISSN 0025-6501.
  6. ^ US2801824A, Josef, Taprogge, "Self-cleaning heat exchanger", issued 1957-08-06 
  7. ^ US3021117A, Josef, Taprogge, "Self-cleaning heat-exchanger", issued 1962-02-13 
  8. ^ Poels, Hubert (2023-11-21). "Comparing 2 Condenser Cleaning Systems: Brushing vs. Sponge Ball". Retrieved 2024-07-12.
  9. ^ "Tube Cleaning". knappmedien.de. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
  10. ^ "Taprogge cleaning system: make condenser more clean with rubber balls". Geckointech. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
  11. ^ US7055580B2, Schildmann, Hans-Werner; Altegoer, Dietmar & Kretzschmar, Rainer, "System for cleaning tubes of heat exchangers and cleaning bodies for use in the system", issued 2006-06-06 
[edit]

51°23′37″N 7°21′15″E / 51.39361°N 7.35417°E / 51.39361; 7.35417

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