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Coordinates: 49°9′12″N 16°52′35″E / 49.15333°N 16.87639°E / 49.15333; 16.87639
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{{Short description|Town in South Moravian Region, Czech Republic}}
'''Slavkov u Brna''' (-[[Czech_language|Czech]]; [[German_language|German]]: ''Austerlitz'') is a town in the [[Czech Republic]], in the [[South Moravian Region]]. Population: 5,900.
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Slavkov u Brna
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Town]]
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline = DSCN0979 (5864465448).jpg
| image_caption = Aerial view
| image_flag = Slavkov u Brna CZ flag hires.svg
| image_shield = Slavkov u Brna znak hires.svg
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{CZE}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[South Moravian Region|South Moravian]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vyškov District|Vyškov]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Czech Republic
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates = {{coord|49|9|12|N|16|52|35|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Michal Boudný
<!-- established -->
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1237
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 14.95
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 211
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| population_total = 7169
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 684 01
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{URL|https://www.slavkov.cz/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Slavkov u Brna''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈslafkof ˈu br̩na}}; {{langx|de|Austerlitz}}) is a town in [[Vyškov District]] in the [[South Moravian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 7,200 inhabitants. The town gave its name to the [[Battle of Austerlitz]], which took place several kilometres west of the town. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones|urban monument zone]].


==Etymology==
The town is widely known as the site of the [[Battle of Austerlitz]].
The German name ''Austerlitz'' (and the former Czech name ''Novosedlice'') is derived from Latin ''Nova sedes'' (i.e. "new settlement"), which has gradually evolved over history through the names ''Novosedeliz'' (1237), ''Nausedlicz'' (1322), ''Neusserlicz'' (1343), ''Nausterlitz'' (1460) and ''Austerlitz'' (1611). The current Czech name ''Slavkov'' is derived from Slávek (colloquial name of Bohuslav), who probably owned a manor house here. This name was first documented in 1361. In 1918, Slavkov was renamed Slavkov u Brna ("Slavkov near [[Brno]]") to distinguish from other places with the same name.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie města|url=https://www.slavkov.cz/turismus/historie-mesta/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>


==Geography==
Slavkov u Brna is located about {{convert|16|km|0}} east of [[Brno]]. It is situated on the border of three geomorphological regions: the northeastern part of the municipal territory lies in the [[Litenčice Hills]], the northwestern part lies in the [[Dyje–Svratka Valley]] and the southern part extends into the [[Ždánice Forest]]. The highest point is the hill Urban at {{convert|361|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The [[Litava (river)|Litava]] River flows through the town.


==History==
Occasionally the name `Austerlitz' is confused with [[Auschwitz]] (a concentration camp).
[[File:Slavkov u Brna - Castle.jpg|thumb|Slavkov Castle]]
At the end of the 12th century, Margrave [[Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus III]] gave the area to the [[Teutonic Order]]. The first written mention of Slavkov is from 1237 in a deed of [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia|Wenceslaus I]]. It was originally a market village with a fortified stronghold and a church, located at the crossroads of trade routes. The Teutonic Order founded a [[commandery]] here.<ref name=history/>

From 1396 to 1407, Slavkov was held by [[Jobst of Moravia]]. In 1407, it was returned to the Teutonic Order, but after the defeat of the Order in the [[Battle of Grunwald]], Slavkov was confiscated from them in 1411.<ref name=history/>

In the 14th century, a Jewish ghetto was established near the commandery. The merger of the Christian and Jewish communities created a strong economic agglomeration, which was promoted to a town by King [[Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia|Wenceslaus IV]] in 1416. The town was strongly fortified and had four gates.<ref name=history/>

The town often changed owners until 1509, when the noble family of Kaunitz assumed control for more than 400 years. They made it the main seat of the family.<ref>{{cite web |title=History|url=https://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/en/history/|publisher=Slavkov Castle|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|3305
|1880|3487
|1890|3919
|1900|3703
|1910|4123
|1921|4231
|1930|4554
|1950|4445
|1961|4747
|1970|5001
|1980|5609
|1991|5890
|2001|5881
|2011|6207
|2021|7073
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}

==Transport==
The I/50 road (part of the [[European route E50]]), which connects the [[D1 motorway (Czech Republic)|D1 motorway]] near Brno with [[Uherské Hradiště]] and the Czech-Slovak border, passes through the town.

Slavkov u Brna is located on the railway line Brno–Uherské Hradiště.<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Slavkov u Brna|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/slavkov-u-brna/5436105|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2023-11-02}}</ref>

==Sights==
[[File:Radnice a policejní stanice, Slavkov u Brna 1.jpg|thumb|Town hall and the police station on the town square]]
[[File:Schloss Slavkov u Brna (Austerlitz) (38139884454).jpg|thumb|Church of the Resurrection of the Lord behind the castle garden]]
On the site of the old fortress was built a Renaissance residence at the end of the 16th century. The [[Slavkov Castle]] was rebuilt to the current Baroque form by Italian architect [[Domenico Martinelli]] in the 1680s.<ref name=castle>{{cite web |title=Architektura|url=https://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/o-zamku/architektura/|publisher=Slavkov Castle|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> It belongs to the oldest preserved noble residences in [[Moravia]]. In its historic salon, an armistice was signed between Austria and France after the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] on 2 December 1805. There is a small museum and a multimedia presentation about the battle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zámek Slavkov – Austerlitz – panské sídlo rodu Kouniců|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/zamek-slavkov|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> The castle includes a [[French formal garden]], part of which was simplified into an English park.<ref name=castle/>

The landmarks of the town square are the late Renaissance town hall from 1592 and a mansion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palackého náměstí|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/palackeho-namesti/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> Remains of the town walls from the 14th and 15th centuries have been preserved to this day. They are about {{convert|4|m|ft}} high.<ref>{{cite web |title=Městské opevnění|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/mestske-opevneni/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>

The parish Church of the Resurrection of the Lord is a late Baroque and Neoclassical building, built in 1786–1789. It has three pulpits. The church was designed by Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf of Hohenberg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kostel Vzkříšení Páně|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/kostel-vzkriseni-pane/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>

The cemetery Chapel of Saint John the Baptist is located on the site of a hospital from the 13th century. Its current appearance is from 1743. Beneath the church is a vault with the Kaunitz family tomb.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaple sv. Jana Křtitele "na Špitálce"|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/kaple-sv-jana-krtitele-na-spitalce/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>

Chapel of Saint Urban on the Urban Hill was built by design of Domenico Martinelli in 1712. It was badly damaged during the Battle of Austerlitz and had to be rebuilt in 1858–1861.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaple sv. Urbana|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/kaple-sv-urbana/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>

Only the synagogue built in 1858 remains from the Jewish ghetto. There is also a Jewish cemetery.

==Legacy==
Much in the same way that in [[London]], the English have named [[London Waterloo railway station|Waterloo Station]] to commemorate their victory at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the French gave the name of Austerlitz to one of the major [[Paris]]ian train stations, the [[Gare d'Austerlitz]], the neighbouring bridge Pont d'Austerlitz, and the waterfront Quai d'Austerlitz. In the Netherlands, a [[Austerlitz, Zeist|village named Austerlitz]] was founded in commemoration of the battle, as was a small town of [[Austerlitz, New York]].

==Notable people==
*[[Abraham Aberle]] (1811–1841), poet and translator
*[[František Koláček]] (1851–1913), physicist
*[[Peregrin Obdržálek]] (1825–1891), Catholic priest, writer and humorist
*[[Lubomír Tesáček]] (1957–2011), athlete

[[Austerlitz (family)|Austerlitz]] is a Jewish family name, of which the bearers are nowadays spread worldwide but which indicate and ultimate family origin in the town. The dancer [[Fred Astaire]] was born ''Fred Austerlitz'', and thus it could be assumed that his ancestors lived in this town.

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}}
Slavkov u Brna is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=http://www.slavkov.cz/mesto-a-samosprava/partnerske-vztahy/mezinarodni-spoluprace/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2022-03-23}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Darney]], France
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Horn, Austria|Horn]], Austria
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Pag (town)|Pag]], Croatia
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Sławków]], Poland
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Zeist]], Netherlands

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Synagoga Slavkov u Brna.jpg|Synagogue
Zámek Slavkov u Brna - nádvoří 1.jpg|Front view of the Slavkov Castle
Church in Austerlitz.JPG|Church of the Resurrection of the Lord
Slavkov-kaple-sv-urbana3.jpg|Chapel of St. Urban
Park Slavkov.jpg|Castle park
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Slavkov u Brna}}
{{wikisourcecat}}
*{{official|https://www.slavkov.cz/}}
*[https://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/en/ Official website of Slavkov Castle]
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=2149&letter=A Jewish Encyclopedia]

{{Vyškov District}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Jewish communities in the Czech Republic]]
[[de:Slavkov u Brna]]
[[Category:Populated places in Vyškov District]]
[[nl:Austerlitz]]
[[no:Austerlitz]]
[[pl:Sławków (Austerlitz)]]
[[pt:Austerlitz]]
[[fi:Slavkov u Brna]]
[[sv:Austerlitz]]
{{Czechia-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 05:56, 24 October 2024

Slavkov u Brna
Town
Aerial view
Aerial view
Flag of Slavkov u Brna
Flag
Coat of arms of Slavkov u Brna
Coat of arms
Slavkov u Brna is located in Czech Republic
Slavkov u Brna
Slavkov u Brna
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°9′12″N 16°52′35″E / 49.15333°N 16.87639°E / 49.15333; 16.87639
Country Czech Republic
RegionSouth Moravian
DistrictVyškov
First mentioned1237
Government
 • MayorMichal Boudný
Area
 • Total
14.95 km2 (5.77 sq mi)
Elevation
211 m (692 ft)
Population
 (2024-01-01)[1]
 • Total
7,169
 • Density480/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
684 01
Websitewww.slavkov.cz

Slavkov u Brna (Czech pronunciation: [ˈslafkof ˈu br̩na]; German: Austerlitz) is a town in Vyškov District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,200 inhabitants. The town gave its name to the Battle of Austerlitz, which took place several kilometres west of the town. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Etymology

[edit]

The German name Austerlitz (and the former Czech name Novosedlice) is derived from Latin Nova sedes (i.e. "new settlement"), which has gradually evolved over history through the names Novosedeliz (1237), Nausedlicz (1322), Neusserlicz (1343), Nausterlitz (1460) and Austerlitz (1611). The current Czech name Slavkov is derived from Slávek (colloquial name of Bohuslav), who probably owned a manor house here. This name was first documented in 1361. In 1918, Slavkov was renamed Slavkov u Brna ("Slavkov near Brno") to distinguish from other places with the same name.[2]

Geography

[edit]

Slavkov u Brna is located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Brno. It is situated on the border of three geomorphological regions: the northeastern part of the municipal territory lies in the Litenčice Hills, the northwestern part lies in the Dyje–Svratka Valley and the southern part extends into the Ždánice Forest. The highest point is the hill Urban at 361 m (1,184 ft) above sea level. The Litava River flows through the town.

History

[edit]
Slavkov Castle

At the end of the 12th century, Margrave Vladislaus III gave the area to the Teutonic Order. The first written mention of Slavkov is from 1237 in a deed of Wenceslaus I. It was originally a market village with a fortified stronghold and a church, located at the crossroads of trade routes. The Teutonic Order founded a commandery here.[2]

From 1396 to 1407, Slavkov was held by Jobst of Moravia. In 1407, it was returned to the Teutonic Order, but after the defeat of the Order in the Battle of Grunwald, Slavkov was confiscated from them in 1411.[2]

In the 14th century, a Jewish ghetto was established near the commandery. The merger of the Christian and Jewish communities created a strong economic agglomeration, which was promoted to a town by King Wenceslaus IV in 1416. The town was strongly fortified and had four gates.[2]

The town often changed owners until 1509, when the noble family of Kaunitz assumed control for more than 400 years. They made it the main seat of the family.[3]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
18693,305—    
18803,487+5.5%
18903,919+12.4%
19003,703−5.5%
19104,123+11.3%
YearPop.±%
19214,231+2.6%
19304,554+7.6%
19504,445−2.4%
19614,747+6.8%
19705,001+5.4%
YearPop.±%
19805,609+12.2%
19915,890+5.0%
20015,881−0.2%
20116,207+5.5%
20217,073+14.0%
Source: Censuses[4][5]

Transport

[edit]

The I/50 road (part of the European route E50), which connects the D1 motorway near Brno with Uherské Hradiště and the Czech-Slovak border, passes through the town.

Slavkov u Brna is located on the railway line Brno–Uherské Hradiště.[6]

Sights

[edit]
Town hall and the police station on the town square
Church of the Resurrection of the Lord behind the castle garden

On the site of the old fortress was built a Renaissance residence at the end of the 16th century. The Slavkov Castle was rebuilt to the current Baroque form by Italian architect Domenico Martinelli in the 1680s.[7] It belongs to the oldest preserved noble residences in Moravia. In its historic salon, an armistice was signed between Austria and France after the Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December 1805. There is a small museum and a multimedia presentation about the battle.[8] The castle includes a French formal garden, part of which was simplified into an English park.[7]

The landmarks of the town square are the late Renaissance town hall from 1592 and a mansion.[9] Remains of the town walls from the 14th and 15th centuries have been preserved to this day. They are about 4 metres (13 ft) high.[10]

The parish Church of the Resurrection of the Lord is a late Baroque and Neoclassical building, built in 1786–1789. It has three pulpits. The church was designed by Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf of Hohenberg.[11]

The cemetery Chapel of Saint John the Baptist is located on the site of a hospital from the 13th century. Its current appearance is from 1743. Beneath the church is a vault with the Kaunitz family tomb.[12]

Chapel of Saint Urban on the Urban Hill was built by design of Domenico Martinelli in 1712. It was badly damaged during the Battle of Austerlitz and had to be rebuilt in 1858–1861.[13]

Only the synagogue built in 1858 remains from the Jewish ghetto. There is also a Jewish cemetery.

Legacy

[edit]

Much in the same way that in London, the English have named Waterloo Station to commemorate their victory at Waterloo, the French gave the name of Austerlitz to one of the major Parisian train stations, the Gare d'Austerlitz, the neighbouring bridge Pont d'Austerlitz, and the waterfront Quai d'Austerlitz. In the Netherlands, a village named Austerlitz was founded in commemoration of the battle, as was a small town of Austerlitz, New York.

Notable people

[edit]

Austerlitz is a Jewish family name, of which the bearers are nowadays spread worldwide but which indicate and ultimate family origin in the town. The dancer Fred Astaire was born Fred Austerlitz, and thus it could be assumed that his ancestors lived in this town.

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic

Slavkov u Brna is twinned with:[14]

[edit]
  • Synagogue
    Synagogue
  • Front view of the Slavkov Castle
    Front view of the Slavkov Castle
  • Church of the Resurrection of the Lord
    Church of the Resurrection of the Lord
  • Chapel of St. Urban
    Chapel of St. Urban
  • Castle park
    Castle park

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
  2. ^ a b c d "Historie města" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  3. ^ "History". Slavkov Castle. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  4. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
  5. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  6. ^ "Detail stanice Slavkov u Brna" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
  7. ^ a b "Architektura" (in Czech). Slavkov Castle. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  8. ^ "Zámek Slavkov – Austerlitz – panské sídlo rodu Kouniců" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  9. ^ "Palackého náměstí" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  10. ^ "Městské opevnění" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  11. ^ "Kostel Vzkříšení Páně" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  12. ^ "Kaple sv. Jana Křtitele "na Špitálce"" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  13. ^ "Kaple sv. Urbana" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  14. ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
[edit]
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Wikisource has several original texts related to Slavkov u Brna.
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