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{{Short description|Computer vision library}}
{{Infobox Software
{{Primary sources|date=November 2012}}
| author = original by [[Intel Corporation|Intel]], and now it is on sourceforge.net for everyone
{{Infobox software
| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]
| title =
| latest_release_version = 1.1 pre
| name = OpenCV
| latest_release_date = {{release date|2008|10|15}}
| logo = OpenCV logo black.svg
| genre = Library
| logo size = 180px
| license = [[BSD license]]
| logo alt =
| website = http://opencvlibrary.sourceforge.net/
| logo caption =
| screenshot = <!-- File name only -->
| screenshot size =
| screenshot alt =
| caption =
| collapsible =
| author = [[Intel]], [[Willow Garage]], Itseez
| developer =
| released = {{Start date and age|2000|06|df=yes}}
| discontinued =
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|P348|P548=Q2804309}} | latest release date = {{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}|df=yes}}
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date =
| programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[assembly language]]
| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]: [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Linux]], [[macOS]], [[FreeBSD]], [[NetBSD]], [[OpenBSD]]; [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]], [[Maemo]], [[BlackBerry 10]]
| platform = [[IA-32]], [[x86-64]]
| size = ~200 MB<!-- 2.4.13 for Linux, unpacked -->
| language = English
| language count = <!-- Number only -->
| language footnote =
| genre = [[Library (computing)|Library]]
| license = [[Apache License|Apache]]
| alexa =
| website = {{URL|opencv.org}}, {{URL|opencv.ai}}
| standard =
| AsOf =
}}
}}
'''OpenCV''' ('''Open Source Computer Vision Library''') is a [[Library (computing)|library]] of programming functions mainly for [[Real-time computing|real-time]] [[computer vision]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pulli |first1=Kari |last2=Baksheev |first2=Anatoly |last3=Kornyakov |first3=Kirill |last4=Eruhimov |first4=Victor |date=1 April 2012 |title=Realtime Computer Vision with OpenCV |url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2206309 |journal=Queue |pages=40:40–40:56 |doi=10.1145/2181796.2206309 |volume=10 |issue=4 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Originally developed by [[Intel]], it was later supported by [[Willow Garage]], then Itseez (which was later acquired by Intel<ref>Intel acquires Itseez: https://opencv.org/blog/intel-acquires-itseez/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610111553/https://opencv.org/blog/intel-acquires-itseez/ |date=2024-06-10 }}</ref>). The library is [[cross-platform]] and licensed as [[free and open-source software]] under [[Apache License]] 2. Starting in 2011, OpenCV features GPU acceleration for real-time operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CUDA |url=https://opencv.org/platforms/cuda/ |access-date=2020-10-15 |website=opencv.org}}</ref>


==History==
'''OpenCV''' is a [[computer vision]] library originally developed by [[Intel Corporation|Intel]]. It is free for commercial and research use under a [[BSD license]]. The library is [[cross-platform]], and runs on [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Mac OS X]], [[Linux]], [[PlayStation Portable|PSP]], [[VCRT]] (Real-Time OS on [[Smart camera]]) and other embedded devices. It focuses mainly on ''real-time'' image processing, as such, if it finds Intel's [[Integrated Performance Primitives]] on the system, it will use these commercial optimized routines to accelerate itself.
Officially launched in 1999, the OpenCV project was initially an [[Intel Research Lablets|Intel Research]] initiative to advance [[central processing unit|CPU]]-intensive applications, part of a series of projects including [[Real-time computing|real-time]] [[ray tracing (graphics)|ray tracing]] and [[3D Display|3D display]] walls.<ref name="KaehlerBradski2016">{{cite book|author1=Adrian Kaehler|author2=Gary Bradski|title=Learning OpenCV 3: Computer Vision in C++ with the OpenCV Library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SKy3DQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26|date=14 December 2016|publisher=O'Reilly Media|isbn=978-1-4919-3800-3|pages=26ff}}</ref> The main contributors to the project included a number of optimization experts in Intel Russia, as well as Intel's Performance Library Team. In the early days of OpenCV, the goals of the project were described<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bradski|first1=Gary|last2=Kaehler|first2=Adrian|title=Learning OpenCV: Computer vision with the OpenCV library|publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc.|date=2008|pages=6}}</ref> as:
<blockquote>
* Advance vision research by providing not only open but also [[Code optimization|optimized code]] for basic vision infrastructure. No more [[reinventing the wheel]].
* Disseminate vision knowledge by providing a common infrastructure that developers could build on, so that code would be more readily readable and transferable.
*Advance vision-based commercial applications by making [[Portability (computer science)|portable]], performance-optimized code available for free – with a license that did not require code to be open or free itself.
</blockquote>


The first alpha version of OpenCV was released to the public at the [[Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition|IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition]] in 2000, and five betas were released between 2001 and 2005. The first 1.0 version was released in 2006. A version 1.1 "pre-release" was released in October 2008.
Released under the terms of the [[BSD license]], OpenCV is [[open source software]].


The second major release of the OpenCV was in October 2009. OpenCV&nbsp;2 includes major changes to the [[C++]] interface, aiming at easier, more type-safe patterns, new functions, and better implementations for existing ones in terms of performance (especially on multi-core systems). Official releases now occur every six months<ref>OpenCV change logs: http://code.opencv.org/projects/opencv/wiki/ChangeLog {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115212624/http://code.opencv.org/projects/opencv/wiki/ChangeLog |date=2013-01-15}}</ref> and development is now done by an independent Russian team supported by commercial corporations.
==History==
Officially launched in 1999, the OpenCV project was initially an Intel Research initiative to advance CPU-intensive applications, part of a series of projects including real-time ray tracing and 3D display walls. The main contributors to the project included Intel’s Performance Library Team, as well as a number of optimization experts in Intel Russia. In the early days of OpenCV, the goals of the project were described as


In August 2012, support for OpenCV was taken over by a non-profit foundation OpenCV.org, which maintains a developer<ref>OpenCV Developer Site: http://code.opencv.org {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130113084234/http://code.opencv.org/ |date=2013-01-13}}</ref> and user site.<ref>OpenCV User Site: http://opencv.org/</ref>
<blockquote>
* Advance vision research by providing not only open but also optimized code for basic vision infrastructure. No more reinventing the wheel.


In May 2016, Intel signed an agreement to acquire Itseez,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/intel-acquires-computer-vision-for-iot-automotive/|title=Intel Acquires Computer Vision for IOT, Automotive {{!}} Intel Newsroom|work=Intel Newsroom|access-date=2018-11-26|language=en-US}}</ref> a leading developer of OpenCV.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ewdn.com/2016/05/31/intel-acquires-russian-computer-vision-company-itseez/|title=Intel acquires Russian computer vision company Itseez|date=2016-05-31|work=East-West Digital News|access-date=2018-11-26|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Disseminate vision knowledge by providing a common infrastructure that developers could build on, so that code would be more readily readable and transferable.


In July 2020, OpenCV announced and began a Kickstarter campaign for the [https://opencv.org/introducing-oak-spatial-ai-powered-by-opencv/ OpenCV AI Kit], a series of hardware modules and additions to OpenCV supporting Spatial AI.
*Advance vision-based commercial applications by making portable, performance-optimized code available for free—with a license that did not require commercial applications to be open or free themselves.
</blockquote>


In August 2020, OpenCV launched [https://www.opencv.ai/ OpenCV.ai] – the professional consulting arm. The team of developers provides consulting services and delivers [[Computer Vision]], [[Machine Learning]], and [[Artificial intelligence]] solutions.<ref> OpenCV Consulting Site: http://opencv.ai/</ref>
The official alpha version of OpenCV was released to the public at the [[IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition]] in 2000, and five betas were released between 2001 and 2005. The official 1.0 version was released in 2006, and later became a part of Willow Garage.<ref name=Bradski2008>{{Citation
| title = Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision with the OpenCV Library
| last1 = Bradski | first1 = G.
| last2 = Kaehler | first2 = A.
| year = 2008
}}</ref>


== Applications ==
== Applications ==
[[File:OfxOpenCV.png|thumb|right|[[openFrameworks]] running the OpenCV add-on example]]

OpenCV's application areas include
OpenCV's application areas include:
* 2D and 3D feature toolkits
*[[Human-Computer Interface]] (HCI)
* [[Egomotion]] estimation
*Object Identification
* [[Facial recognition system]]
*[[Segmentation (image processing)|Segmentation]] and Recognition
*[[Facial recognition system|Face Recognition]]
* [[Gesture recognition]]
* [[Human–computer interaction]] (HCI)
*[[gesture recognition|Gesture Recognition]]
* [[Mobile robotics]]
*[[Video tracking|Motion Tracking]]
* Motion understanding
*[[Ego-motion]]
* [[Object detection]]
*[[motion understanding|Motion Understanding]]
* [[Segmentation (image processing)|Segmentation]] and recognition
*[[Structure from motion]] (SFM)
*[[Stereopsis]] Stereo vision: depth perception from 2 cameras
* [[Stereopsis]] stereo vision: depth perception from 2 cameras
* [[Structure from motion]] (SFM)
*[[Mobile Robotics]]
* Motion [[video tracking]]
* [[Augmented reality]]


To support some of the above areas, OpenCV includes a statistical [[machine learning]] library that contains:
To support some of the above areas, OpenCV includes a statistical [[machine learning]] library that contains:
* [[Boosting (meta-algorithm)|Boosting]]
* [[Naive Bayes classifier]]
* [[Decision tree learning]]
* [[Gradient boosting]] trees
* [[Expectation-maximization algorithm]]
* [[k-nearest neighbor algorithm]]
* [[k-nearest neighbor algorithm]]
* [[Support Vector Machine]]
* [[Naive Bayes classifier]]
* [[Decision Trees]]
* [[Artificial neural network]]s
* [[Boosting]]
* [[Random forest]]
* [[Random forest]]
* [[Support vector machine]] (SVM)
* [[Expectation Maximization]]
* [[Deep neural network]]s (DNN)<ref name=DNN>OpenCV: http://opencv.org/opencv-3-3.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174857/https://opencv.org/opencv-3-3.html |date=2019-02-14 }}</ref>
* [[Neural Networks]]

==Programming language==
==Programming language==
OpenCV is written in the [[programming language]] [[C++]], as is its primary interface, but it still retains a less comprehensive though extensive older [[C (programming language)|C]] interface. All newer developments and algorithms appear in the C++ interface. There are [[language binding]]s in [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and [[MATLAB]]/[[GNU Octave|Octave]]. The application programming interface ([[API]]) for these interfaces can be found in the online documentation.<ref name=Cdocs>OpenCV C interface: http://docs.opencv.org</ref> [[Wrapper library|Wrapper libraries]] in several languages have been developed to encourage adoption by a wider audience. In version 3.4, [[JavaScript]] bindings for a selected subset of OpenCV functions were released as OpenCV.js, to be used for web platforms.<ref>[https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.0/df/d0a/tutorial_js_intro.html Introduction to OpenCV.js and Tutorials]</ref>
The library is mainly written in C, which make it portable to some specific platforms such as [[Digital signal processor]]. But wrappers for languages such as [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] and [[Python (programming language)|Python]] have been developed to encourage adoption by a wider audience.


==Hardware acceleration==
==Successful applications==
If the library finds Intel's [[Integrated Performance Primitives]] on the system, it will use these proprietary optimized routines to accelerate itself.
*OpenCV was of key use in the vision system of [[Stanley (vehicle)|Stanley]], the winning entry to the 2005 [[DARPA Grand Challenge]] race.
*OpenCV is widely used in video surveillance systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://imagelab.ing.unimo.it/vssn05/|title=3rd ACM International Workshop on Video Surveillance & Sensor Networks|publisher=VSSN'05}}</ref>
*OpenCV is the key tool in the software [[SwisTrack]], an open source multi-agent [[tracking]] tool.
*OpenCV has been optimized for the [[Cell (microprocessor)|Cell microprocessor]]. The company that did the port claims a single [[Playstation 3]] running Linux, with only 6 of the 8 [[Synergistic_Processing_Unit#Synergistic Processing Elements (SPE)|SPUs]] in a full Cell BE, achieves up to 27x the performance of an [[Intel]] [[Core2Duo]] 2.4 GHz. <ref>[http://www.fixstars.com/en/company/press/20071128.html "CVCell" - Module developed by Fixstars that accelerates OpenCV Library for the Cell/B.E. processor]</ref>


A Compute Unified Device Architecture ([[CUDA]]) based [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU) interface has been in progress since September 2010.<ref name=OpenCVGPU>{{Cite web |url=http://opencv.org/platforms/cuda.html |url-status=dead |title=Cuda GPU port |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521200940/http://opencv.org/platforms/cuda.html |archive-date=2016-05-21}}</ref>
== Windows prerequisites ==

The [[DirectShow]] SDK is required to build some [[Digital camera|camera]] input-related parts of OpenCV on Windows. This SDK is found in the ''Samples\Multimedia\DirectShow\BaseClasses'' subdirectory of the [[Microsoft Platform SDK]], which must be built prior to the building of OpenCV.
An [[OpenCL]]-based [[graphics processing unit|GPU]] interface has been in progress since October 2012,<ref name=OpenCVOCL>OpenCL Announcement: http://opencv.org/opencv-v2-4-3rc-is-under-way.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030256/https://opencv.org/opencv-v2-4-3rc-is-under-way.html |date=2019-02-17 }}</ref> documentation for version 2.4.13.3 can be found at docs.opencv.org.<ref name=OpenCVOCL2.4.5>OpenCL-accelerated Computer Vision API Reference: http://docs.opencv.org/modules/ocl/doc/ocl.html</ref>

== Operating system support ==
OpenCV runs on the desktop [[operating system]]s: [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Linux]], [[macOS]], [[FreeBSD]], [[NetBSD]] and [[OpenBSD]] as well as mobile operating systems: [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]], [[Maemo]],<ref name="Maemo_port">{{Cite web |url=https://garage.maemo.org/projects/opencv |title=Port of Intel's Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV) to Maemo |date=10 August 2011 |website=Maemo Garage |access-date=2023-01-30}}</ref> [[BlackBerry 10]] and [[QNX]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/blackberry/OpenCV |title=Blackberry Port of OpenCV [partial] |author=hungc |date=4 September 2019 |website=[[GitHub]]}}</ref> The user can get official releases from [[SourceForge]] or take the latest sources from [[GitHub]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/Itseez/opencv |title=opencv/Opencv: Open Source Computer Vision Library |website=[[GitHub]] |date=21 May 2020}}</ref> OpenCV uses [[CMake]].

==See also==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
* [[AForge.NET]] – computer vision library for the [[Common Language Runtime]] of [[.NET Framework]] and [[Mono (software)|Mono]]
* [[Robot Operating System]] (ROS) – uses OpenCV as main vision package
* [[VXL]] – alternative library written in C++
* [[CVIPtools]] – complete [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) based computer-vision and image-processing software environment, with C function libraries, a [[Component Object Model]] (COM) based [[dynamic-link library]] (DLL), and two utility programs for algorithm development and batch processing
* [[OpenNN]] – [[artificial neural network]] library written in C++, open-source
*[[List of free and open-source software packages]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Image processing software}}
== External links ==
{{Portal|Free software}}
{{Authority control}}
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/ OpenCV on SourceForge]
* [http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/ OpenCV Documentation Wiki]
* [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/OpenCV Most active OpenCV forums on Yahoo Groups]
* [http://www.vision-components.com/en/VC_Smart_Camera_Series_and_Software/VC_Software_for_Intelligent_Cameras/VC_Smart_Camera_Software_20080327407/ Open CV on Smart cameras_Free download]


[[Category:C++ libraries]]
[[Category:Computer vision software]]
[[Category:Computer vision software]]
[[Category:Gesture recognition]]

[[Category:Software using the Apache license]]
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[[ko:Opencv]]
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[[pt:OpenCV]]
[[ru:OpenCV]]
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[[zh:OpenCV]]

Latest revision as of 08:24, 13 December 2024

Original author(s)Intel, Willow Garage, Itseez
Initial releaseJune 2000; 24 years ago (2000-06)
Stable release
4.10.0[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 4 June 2024; 6 months ago (4 June 2024)
Repository
Written inC, C++, Python, Java, assembly language
Operating systemCross-platform: Windows, Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD; Android, iOS, Maemo, BlackBerry 10
PlatformIA-32, x86-64
Size~200 MB
Available inEnglish
TypeLibrary
LicenseApache
Websiteopencv.org, opencv.ai

OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library) is a library of programming functions mainly for real-time computer vision.[2] Originally developed by Intel, it was later supported by Willow Garage, then Itseez (which was later acquired by Intel[3]). The library is cross-platform and licensed as free and open-source software under Apache License 2. Starting in 2011, OpenCV features GPU acceleration for real-time operations.[4]

History

[edit]

Officially launched in 1999, the OpenCV project was initially an Intel Research initiative to advance CPU-intensive applications, part of a series of projects including real-time ray tracing and 3D display walls.[5] The main contributors to the project included a number of optimization experts in Intel Russia, as well as Intel's Performance Library Team. In the early days of OpenCV, the goals of the project were described[6] as:

  • Advance vision research by providing not only open but also optimized code for basic vision infrastructure. No more reinventing the wheel.
  • Disseminate vision knowledge by providing a common infrastructure that developers could build on, so that code would be more readily readable and transferable.
  • Advance vision-based commercial applications by making portable, performance-optimized code available for free – with a license that did not require code to be open or free itself.

The first alpha version of OpenCV was released to the public at the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition in 2000, and five betas were released between 2001 and 2005. The first 1.0 version was released in 2006. A version 1.1 "pre-release" was released in October 2008.

The second major release of the OpenCV was in October 2009. OpenCV 2 includes major changes to the C++ interface, aiming at easier, more type-safe patterns, new functions, and better implementations for existing ones in terms of performance (especially on multi-core systems). Official releases now occur every six months[7] and development is now done by an independent Russian team supported by commercial corporations.

In August 2012, support for OpenCV was taken over by a non-profit foundation OpenCV.org, which maintains a developer[8] and user site.[9]

In May 2016, Intel signed an agreement to acquire Itseez,[10] a leading developer of OpenCV.[11]

In July 2020, OpenCV announced and began a Kickstarter campaign for the OpenCV AI Kit, a series of hardware modules and additions to OpenCV supporting Spatial AI.

In August 2020, OpenCV launched OpenCV.ai – the professional consulting arm. The team of developers provides consulting services and delivers Computer Vision, Machine Learning, and Artificial intelligence solutions.[12]

Applications

[edit]
openFrameworks running the OpenCV add-on example

OpenCV's application areas include:

To support some of the above areas, OpenCV includes a statistical machine learning library that contains:

Programming language

[edit]

OpenCV is written in the programming language C++, as is its primary interface, but it still retains a less comprehensive though extensive older C interface. All newer developments and algorithms appear in the C++ interface. There are language bindings in Python, Java, and MATLAB/Octave. The application programming interface (API) for these interfaces can be found in the online documentation.[14] Wrapper libraries in several languages have been developed to encourage adoption by a wider audience. In version 3.4, JavaScript bindings for a selected subset of OpenCV functions were released as OpenCV.js, to be used for web platforms.[15]

Hardware acceleration

[edit]

If the library finds Intel's Integrated Performance Primitives on the system, it will use these proprietary optimized routines to accelerate itself.

A Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) based graphics processing unit (GPU) interface has been in progress since September 2010.[16]

An OpenCL-based GPU interface has been in progress since October 2012,[17] documentation for version 2.4.13.3 can be found at docs.opencv.org.[18]

Operating system support

[edit]

OpenCV runs on the desktop operating systems: Windows, Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD as well as mobile operating systems: Android, iOS, Maemo,[19] BlackBerry 10 and QNX.[20] The user can get official releases from SourceForge or take the latest sources from GitHub.[21] OpenCV uses CMake.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "OpenCV 4.10.0 Is Now Available!". 4 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  2. ^ Pulli, Kari; Baksheev, Anatoly; Kornyakov, Kirill; Eruhimov, Victor (1 April 2012). "Realtime Computer Vision with OpenCV". Queue. 10 (4): 40:40–40:56. doi:10.1145/2181796.2206309.
  3. ^ Intel acquires Itseez: https://opencv.org/blog/intel-acquires-itseez/ Archived 2024-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "CUDA". opencv.org. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  5. ^ Adrian Kaehler; Gary Bradski (14 December 2016). Learning OpenCV 3: Computer Vision in C++ with the OpenCV Library. O'Reilly Media. pp. 26ff. ISBN 978-1-4919-3800-3.
  6. ^ Bradski, Gary; Kaehler, Adrian (2008). Learning OpenCV: Computer vision with the OpenCV library. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 6.
  7. ^ OpenCV change logs: http://code.opencv.org/projects/opencv/wiki/ChangeLog Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ OpenCV Developer Site: http://code.opencv.org Archived 2013-01-13 at archive.today
  9. ^ OpenCV User Site: http://opencv.org/
  10. ^ "Intel Acquires Computer Vision for IOT, Automotive | Intel Newsroom". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
  11. ^ "Intel acquires Russian computer vision company Itseez". East-West Digital News. 2016-05-31. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
  12. ^ OpenCV Consulting Site: http://opencv.ai/
  13. ^ OpenCV: http://opencv.org/opencv-3-3.html Archived 2019-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ OpenCV C interface: http://docs.opencv.org
  15. ^ Introduction to OpenCV.js and Tutorials
  16. ^ "Cuda GPU port". Archived from the original on 2016-05-21.
  17. ^ OpenCL Announcement: http://opencv.org/opencv-v2-4-3rc-is-under-way.html Archived 2019-02-17 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ OpenCL-accelerated Computer Vision API Reference: http://docs.opencv.org/modules/ocl/doc/ocl.html
  19. ^ "Port of Intel's Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV) to Maemo". Maemo Garage. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
  20. ^ hungc (4 September 2019). "Blackberry Port of OpenCV [partial]". GitHub.
  21. ^ "opencv/Opencv: Open Source Computer Vision Library". GitHub. 21 May 2020.
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