Germain's peacock-pheasant: Difference between revisions

Germain's peacock-pheasant
	Male
	Female; Both photographed at Cát Tiên National Park
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix II (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes
Family:	Phasianidae
Genus:	Polyplectron
Species:	P. germaini
Binomial name
	Polyplectron germaini; Elliot, 1866

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 07:25, 2 October 2024

The Germain's peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron germaini) is a pheasant in the family Phasianidae endemic to Indochina. The name commemorates the French colonial army's veterinary surgeon Louis Rodolphe Germain.

Description

The bird is a medium-sized, approximately 60 centimetres (24 in) long, brownish dark pheasant with finely spotted buff, short crest, bare red facial skin, brown iris and purplish-blue ocelli on upperbody plumage and half of its tail of twenty feathers. Both sexes are similar. The female has eighteen tail feathers and is smaller than the male.

Taxonomy

The phylogeny of this species is somewhat enigmatic. mtDNA cytochrome b and D-loop as well as the nuclear ovomucoid intron G data confirms that it belongs to a clade together with the grey peacock-pheasant, but also the "brown" southernly species bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant and mountain peacock-pheasant. Biogeography suggests that it may indeed be the most ancient form in its clade, speciating parapatrically or peripatrically in Cochinchina (Kimball et al. 2001). This probably took place in the Late Pliocene, roughly 4-3 mya.^[3]

Distribution and habitat

The Germain's peacock-pheasant is endemic to southern Indochina. It is found in the seasonal tropical forests of mid-southern Vietnam and far eastern Cambodia; it can be found readily in Cat Tien National Park. The female usually lays two creamy-white eggs.

Status and conservation

Due to ongoing habitat loss and limited range, the Germain's peacock-pheasant is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

References

^ BirdLife International (2016). "Polyplectron germaini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22679372A92812961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679372A92812961.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
^ Note that the molecular clock calibration method used by Kimball et al. (2001) is now known to be inappropriate, yielding far too low estimates in galliform birds.

Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Lucchini, Vittorio & Randi, Ettore (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: Polyplectron spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 73(2): 187–198. HTML abstract

External links

[iucn_status_11_November_2021-1] BirdLife International (2016). "Polyplectron germaini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22679372A92812961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679372A92812961.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[2] "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

[3] Note that the molecular clock calibration method used by Kimball et al. (2001) is now known to be inappropriate, yielding far too low estimates in galliform birds.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of bird}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Speciesbox
-| name = Germain's Peacock-pheasant
-| image = Polyplectron germaini -Diergaarde Blijdorp-8.jpg
+| image = Germain's Peacock-Pheasant (male) IMG 7861 copy.jpg
+| image_caption = Male
-| image_caption = At [[Diergaarde Blijdorp]] (Foundation Royal Zoo of Rotterdam), The Netherlands
+| image2 = Germain's Peacock-Pheasant (female) 6785.jpg
-| image_width = 300px
+| image2_caption = Female<br>Both photographed at [[Cát Tiên National Park]]
-| status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| status = VU
+| status_system = IUCN3.1
-| phylum = [[Chordata]]
+| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Polyplectron germaini'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22679372A92812961 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679372A92812961.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
-| classis = [[Aves]]
+| status2 = CITES_A2
-| ordo = [[Galliformes]]
+| status2_system = CITES
-| familia = [[Phasianidae]]
+| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
-| genus = ''[[Polyplectron]]''
+| genus = Polyplectron
-| species = '''''P. germaini'''''
-| binomial = ''Polyplectron germaini''
+| species = germaini
-| binomial_authority = [[Daniel Giraud Elliot|Elliot]], 1866
+| authority = [[Daniel Giraud Elliot|Elliot]], 1866
 }}
+The '''Germain's peacock-pheasant''' ('''''Polyplectron germaini''''') is a pheasant in the family [[Phasianidae]] endemic to [[Indochina]]. The name commemorates the [[France|French]] colonial army's veterinary surgeon [[Louis Rodolphe Germain]].
-The '''Germain's Peacock-pheasant''', ''Polyplectron germaini'' is a medium-sized, approximately 60cm long, brownish dark [[pheasant]] with finely spotted buff, short crest, bare red facial skin, brown [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and purplish-blue [[ocelli]] on upperbody plumage and half of its tail of twenty feathers. Both sexes are similar. The female has eighteen tail feathers and is smaller than male.
+==Description==
-The Germain's Peacock-pheasant is [[endemism in birds|endemic]] to southern [[Indochina]]. It is found in semi-[[evergreen]] dry forests of southern [[Vietnam]] and eastern [[Cambodia]]. The female usually lays two creamy-white eggs.
+The bird is a medium-sized, approximately {{convert|60|cm|in|0}} long, brownish dark [[pheasant]] with finely spotted buff, short crest, bare red facial skin, brown [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and purplish-blue [[ocelli]] on upperbody plumage and half of its tail of twenty feathers. Both sexes are similar. The female has eighteen tail feathers and is smaller than the male.
+==Taxonomy==
-The [[phylogeny]] of this species is somewhat enigmatic. [[mtDNA]] [[cytochrome b|cytochrome ''b'']] and [[D-loop]] as well as the [[nuclear DNA|nuclear]] [[ovomucoid]] [[intron]] G data confirms that it belongs to a [[clade]] together with the [[Grey Peacock-pheasant]], but also the "brown" southernly species [[Bronze-tailed Peacock-pheasant]] and [[Mountain Peacock-pheasant]]. [[Biogeography]] suggests that it may indeed be the most ancient form in its clade, [[speciation|speciating]] [[parapatric]]ally or [[peripatric]]ally in [[Cochinchina]] (Kimball ''et al.'' 2001). This probably took place in the [[Late Pliocene]], roughly 4-3 [[mya (unit)|mya]].<ref>
+The [[phylogeny]] of this species is somewhat enigmatic. [[mtDNA]] [[cytochrome b|cytochrome ''b'']] and [[D-loop]] as well as the [[nuclear DNA|nuclear]] [[ovomucoid]] [[intron]] G data confirms that it belongs to a [[clade]] together with the [[grey peacock-pheasant]], but also the "brown" southernly species [[bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant]] and [[mountain peacock-pheasant]]. [[Biogeography]] suggests that it may indeed be the most ancient form in its clade, [[speciation|speciating]] [[parapatric]]ally or [[peripatric]]ally in [[Cochinchina]] (Kimball ''et al.'' 2001). This probably took place in the [[Late Pliocene]], roughly 4-3 [[mya (unit)|mya]].<ref>
 Note that the [[molecular clock]] calibration method used by Kimball ''et al.'' (2001) is now known to be inappropriate, yielding far too low estimates in galliform birds.</ref>
+==Distribution and habitat==
-The name commemorates the [[France|French]] colonial army's veterinary surgeon [[Louis Rodolphe Germain]].
+The Germain's peacock-pheasant is [[endemism in birds|endemic]] to southern [[Indochina]]. It is found in the [[seasonal tropical forest]]s of mid-southern [[Vietnam]] and far eastern [[Cambodia]]; it can be found readily in [[Cat Tien National Park]]. The female usually lays two creamy-white eggs.
+==Status and conservation==
-Due to ongoing habitat loss and limited range, the Germain's Peacock-pheasant is evaluated as Near Threatened on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of [[CITES]].
+Due to ongoing habitat loss and limited range, the Germain's peacock-pheasant is evaluated as Near Threatened on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of [[CITES]].
 == References ==
+{{Reflist}}
-* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2005|id=17952|title=Polyplectron germaini|downloaded=1 November 2006}} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is near threatened
-* '''Kimball''', Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Lucchini, Vittorio & Randi, Ettore (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: ''Polyplectron'' spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours. ''[[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|Biol. J. Linn. Soc.]]'' '''73'''(2): 187–198. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/00244066/2001/00000073/00000002/art90536 HTML abstract]
+*Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Lucchini, Vittorio & Randi, Ettore (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes: ''Polyplectron'' spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours. ''[[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|Biol. J. Linn. Soc.]]'' '''73'''(2): 187–198. [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/00244066/2001/00000073/00000002/art90536 HTML abstract]
-=== Footnotes ===
-<references/>
 == External links ==
-* ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Polyplectron_germaini/ images and movies of the Germain's Peacock-pheasant ''(Polyplectron germaini)'']
+* ARKive - [https://web.archive.org/web/20070505122554/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Polyplectron_germaini/ images and movies of the Germain's peacock-pheasant ''(Polyplectron germaini)'']
 * [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=277&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]
-* [http://www.rdb.or.id/detailbird.php?id=219 Red Data Book]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061013182920/http://www.rdb.or.id/detailbird.php?id=219 Red Data Book]
+{{Phasianidae}}
-[[Category:Polyplectron]]
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q662719}}
-[[Category:Birds of Southeast Asia]]
-[[Category:Birds of Cambodia]]
+[[Category:Polyplectron|Germain's peacock-pheasant]]
 [[Category:Birds of Vietnam]]
+[[Category:Near threatened animals]]
+[[Category:Near threatened biota of Asia]]
-[[de:Brauner Pfaufasan]]
+[[Category:Birds described in 1866|Germain's peacock-pheasant]]
-[[es:Polyplectron germaini]]
-[[it:Polyplectron germaini]]
-[[hu:Barna pávafácán]]