Mandibular third molar: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 06:50, 20 September 2016

Redirect to:

Wisdom tooth

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+#REDIRECT [[Wisdom tooth]]
-{{Teeth|
-  toothpicture=Image:Mandibular third molars01-01-06.png|
-  text=Mandibular third molars of permanent teeth marked in red.  There are no third molars in [[Deciduous teeth|primary teeth]].|
-}}
-The '''mandibular third molar''' (commonly known as a '''wisdom tooth''') is the [[tooth]] located distally (away from the midline of the [[face]]) from both the [[mandibular second molar]]s of the [[mouth]] with no tooth posterior to it in [[permanent teeth]]; they might usually appear between the ages of 16 and 25.<ref name="aaoms">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aaoms.org/wisdom_teeth.php|title=Wisdom Teeth|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref> They are called wisdom teeth because usually they come in when a person is between age 17 and 21 or older—old enough to have supposedly gained some "wisdom".<ref name="bchealthguide">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/topic/mini/hw172025/overview.htm|title=What are wisdom teeth?|accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref> In [[deciduous teeth|deciduous]] (baby) teeth, there is no mandibular third molar. The function of this [[Molar (tooth)|molar]] is similar to that of all molars in regard to grinding being the principal action during [[mastication]] (chewing).
-Wisdom teeth are commonly [[Dental extraction|extracted]] when they affect other [[teeth]]&mdash;this impaction is colloquially known as "coming in sideways".<ref name="umanitoba">[http://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/wisdomtooth/wteeth.htm To Keep or Not to Keep: Wisdom Teeth], hosted on the University of Manitoba: School of Dental Hygiene website. Page accessed January 17, 2007.</ref> Most adults have four wisdom teeth, but it is possible to have more or fewer. Absence of one or more wisdom teeth is an example of [[hypodontia]]. Any extra teeth are referred to as [[supernumerary teeth]].<ref name="cda">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-65/issue-11/612.pdf|title=Supernumerary Teeth &mdash; An Overview of Classification, Diagnosis and Management|accessdate=2006-11-30|publisher=Journal of the Canadian Dental Association|year=1999|author=M. Thérèse Garvey; Hugh J. Barry; and Marielle Blake|work=Journal of the Canadian Dental Association|format=pdf}}</ref><ref name="wsoctv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsoctv.com/health/3034496/detail.html|title=Tooth Development &mdash; Wisdom Teeth|accessdate=2006-11-30|publisher=WSOC|author=Medstar|format=html}}</ref>
-For this tooth, there are great variances among third molars, and a specific description of a third molar will not hold true in all cases.  It is important to note that the permanent mandibular molars are not considered to have any teeth that precede it.  Despite being named molars, the deciduous molars are followed by permanent premolars.
-In the [[Universal numbering system (dental)|universal system of notation]], the permanent mandibular third molars are designated by a number.  The right permanent mandibular third molar is known as "32", and the left one is known as "17".  In the [[Palmer notation]], a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found.  For this tooth, the left and right third molars would have the same number, "8", but the right one would have the symbol, "┐", over it, while the left one would have, "┌".  The international notation has a different numbering system than the previous two, and the right permanent mandibular third molar is known as "48", and the left one is known as "38".
-[[Image:Impacted wisdom teeth.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The upper left (picture right) and upper right (picture left) wisdom tooth are distoangularly impacted. The lower left wisdom tooth is horizontally impacted. The lower right wisdom tooth is vertically impacted (unidentifiable in [[orthopantomogram]]).]]
-Impacted wisdom teeth fall into one of several categories. ''Mesioangular impaction'' is the most common form (44%), and means the tooth is angled forward, towards the front of the mouth. ''Vertical impaction'' (38%) occurs when the formed tooth does not erupt fully through the [[gum line]].  ''Distoangular impaction'' (6%) means the tooth is angled backward, towards the rear of the mouth.  And finally, ''Horizontal impaction'' (3%) is the least common form, which occurs when the tooth is angled fully ninety degrees forward, growing into the roots of the second molar.
-Typically distoangular impactions are the easiest to extract in the [[maxilla]] and most difficult to extract in the [[mandible]], while mesioangular impactions are the most difficult to extract in the maxilla and easiest to extract in the mandible.
-Impacted wisdom teeth may also be categorized on whether they are still completely encased in the jawbone.  If it is completely encased in the jawbone, it is a ''bony impaction''. If the wisdom tooth has erupted out of the jawbone but not through the gumline, it is called a ''[[soft tissue]] impaction''.
-Sometimes the wisdom tooth fails to erupt completely through the gum bed and the gum at the back of the wisdom tooth extends over the biting surface, forming a soft tissue flap or lid around the tooth called an operculum. Teeth covered by an operculum can be difficult to clean with a [[toothbrush]]. Additional cleaning techniques can include using a needle-less plastic [[syringe]] to vigorously wash the tooth with moderately pressured water or to softly wash it with [[hydrogen peroxide]].
-However, debris and [[bacteria]] can easily accumulate under an operculum, which may cause [[pericoronitis]], a common [[infection]] problem in young adults with partial impactions that is often exacerbated by [[occlusion]] with opposing 3rd or 2nd molars. Common symptoms include a swelling and redness of the gum around the [[eruption]] site, difficulty in opening the mouth, a bad odor or taste in the mouth, and pain in the general area which may also run down the entire lower [[jaw]] or possibly the [[neck]]. Untreated pericoronitis can progress to a much more severe infection.
-If the operculum does not disappear, recommended treatment is extraction of the wisdom tooth.  An alternative treatment involving removal of the [[operculum]], called operculectomy, has been advocated.  There is a high risk of permanent or temporary numbness of the tongue due to damage of the nerve with this treatment and it is no longer recommended as a standard treatment in oral surgery.
-The oldest known impacted wisdom tooth belonged to a European woman of the [[Magdalenian]] period<ref>[http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-03/fm-mgi030206.php ''Magdalenian Girl is a woman and therefore has oldest recorded case of impacted wisdom teeth. Field Museum scientists conduct reanysis of famous 15,000-year-old early modern human skeleton''].</ref>
-==Extraction==
-[[Image:Toothy2.jpg|thumb|A wisdom tooth protrudes outwards from the [[gumline]] at the back of the lower teeth.]]
-[[Image:Dental surgery aboard USS Eisenhower, January 1990.JPEG|thumb|A dental officer and his assistant remove the wisdom tooth of a patient.]]
-[[Image:Extracted Wisdom Tooth.jpg|thumb|An extracted wisdom tooth that was horizontally impacted.]]
-[[Image:Wisdom teeth 2.jpg|thumb|An upper and lower right wisdom tooth extracted during the same session under local anaesthetics.]]
-{{main|Dental extraction}}
-Wisdom teeth are extracted for two general reasons: either the wisdom teeth have already become impacted, or the wisdom teeth could potentially become problematic if not extracted. Potential problems caused by the presence of properly grown-in wisdom teeth include [[infections]] caused by food particles easily trapped in the jaw area behind the wisdom teeth where regular brushing and flossing is difficult and ineffective. Such infections may be frequent, and cause considerable pain and medical danger. Another reason to have a wisdom tooth removed is if the tooth has grown in improperly, causing the [[tongue]] to brush up against it. The tongue can tolerate it for a limited time, until it causes a painful sensation, to the point where the sheer pain can numb the tongue affected, and the area around it (part of the lips, and the cheek). The numbness feels similar to the feeling of [[anesthesia]], possibly meaning a nerve can be affected by the wisdom tooth improperly growing in. Also, it is a wise choice to have them removed if undergoing extensive orthodontic work because once the teeth have come in they could inflict some damage on expensive straightening.
-The extraction of wisdom teeth should only be performed by dental professionals with proper training and experience performing such extractions. The precise reasons why an individual’s wisdom teeth need to be extracted should be explained to them by their dentist, after an examination which almost certainly will need to include [[x-rays]]. A panoramic x-ray (aka "panorex") is the best x-ray to view wisdom teeth and diagnose problems.
-==Post-extraction problems==
-There are several problems that might occur after the extraction(s) have been completed.  Some of these problems are unavoidable and natural, while others are under the control of the patient.  The suggestions contained in the sections below are general guidelines that a patient will be expected to abide by, but the patient should follow all directions that are given by the surgeon in addition to the following guidelines. Above all, the patient must not disregard the given instructions; doing so is extremely dangerous and could result in any number of problems ranging in severity from being merely inconvenient (dry socket) to potentially life-threatening (serious infection of the extraction sites).
-[[Image:Cyst - wisdom tooth.jpg|thumb|left|Cyst around right lower wisdom tooth.]]
-<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Oral cyst.jpg|thumb|250px|Cyst shown in blue.]] -->
-===Bleeding and oozing===
-Bleeding and oozing is inevitable and should be expected to last up to three days (although by day three it should be less noticeable). Rinsing the mouth during this period is counter-productive, as the bleeding stops when the blood forms clots at the extraction sites, and rinsing out the mouth will most likely dislodge the clots.  The end result will be a delay in healing time and a prolonged period of bleeding. However, after about 24 hours post-surgery, it is best to rinse with lukewarm saltwater to promote healing. This should be done twice a day until the swelling goes down and every 4-6 hours after that for at least a week. Gauze pads should be placed at the extraction sites, and then should be bitten down on with firm and even pressure.  This will help to stop the bleeding, but should not be overdone as it is possible to irritate the extraction sites and prolong the bleeding or remove the clot. The bleeding should decrease gradually and noticeably upon changing the gauze. If the bleeding lasts for more than a day without decreasing despite having followed the surgeon's directions, the surgeon should be contacted as soon as possible. This is not supposed to happen under normal circumstances and signals that a serious problem is present. A wet tea bag can replace the gauze pads. [[Tannic acid]] contained in tea can help reduce the bleeding.{{Fact|date=November 2008}}
-Due to the blood clots that form in the exposed sockets as well as the abundant bacterial flora in the mouth, an offensive smell may be noticeable a short time after surgery. The persistent odor often is accompanied by an equally rancid-tasting fluid seeping from the wounds. These symptoms will diminish over an indefinite amount of time, although one to two weeks is normal. While not a cause for great concern, a post-operative appointment with your surgeon seven to ten days after surgery is highly recommended to make sure that the healing process has no complications and that the wounds are relatively clean. If infection does enter the socket, a qualified dental professional can gently plunge a plastic syringe (without the hypodermic needle) full of a mixture of equal parts hydrogen peroxide and water or [[chlorohexidine gluconate]] which also comes in the form of a mouth wash into the sockets to remove any food or bacteria that may collect in the back of the mouth. This is less likely if the person has his wisdom teeth removed at an early age.
-===Dry socket===
-{{main|Alveolar osteitis}}
-A dry socket is not an infection; it is the event where the [[blood clots]] at an extraction site is dislodged, falls out prematurely, or fails to form. It is still not known how they form or why they form.  In some cases, this is beyond the control of the patient.  However, in other cases this happens because the patient has disregarded the instructions given by the surgeon.  Smoking, blowing one's nose, spitting, or drinking with a straw in disregard to the surgeon's instructions can cause this, along with other activities that change the pressure inside of the mouth, such as sneezing or playing a musical instrument. The risk of developing a dry socket is greater in smokers, if the patient has had a previous dry socket, in the lower jaw, and following complicated extractions.  The extraction site will become irritated and painful, due to inflammation of the bone lining the tooth socket (osteitis). The symptoms are made worse when food debris is trapped in the tooth socket.  The patient should contact their surgeon if they suspect that they have a case of dry socket. The surgeon may elect to clean the socket under local anesthetic to cause another blood clot to form or prescribe medication in topical form (e.g Alvogel) to apply to the affected site. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ([[NSAID]]) such as [[ibuprofen]] may be prescribed by the surgeon for pain relief. Generally dry sockets are self limiting and heal in a couple of weeks without treatment.
-===Fever===
-{{Expand|date=October 2008}}
-===Swelling===
-Swelling should not be confused with dry socket, although painful swelling should be expected and is a sign that the healing process is progressing normally.  There is no general duration for this problem; the severity and duration of the swelling vary from case to case.  The instructions the surgeon gives the patient will tell the patient for how long they should expect swelling to last, including when to expect the swelling to peak and when the swelling will start to subside. If the swelling does not begin to subside when it is supposed to, the patient should contact his or her surgeon immediately.  While the swelling will generally not disappear completely for several days after it peaks, swelling that does not begin to subside or gets worse may be an indication of infection. Swelling that re-appears after a few weeks is an indication of infection caused by a bone or tooth fragment still in the wound and should be treated immediately.
-===Nerve injury===
-[[Image:Gray782.png|thumb|Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, seen from the middle line.]]
-This is primarily an issue with extraction of third molars, but can occur with the extraction of any tooth should the [[nerve]] be in close proximity to the surgical site.  Two nerves are typically of concern and are found in duplicate (on the left and right side):
-* The [[inferior alveolar nerve]], which enters the mandible at the mandibular foramen and exits the mandible at the sides of the chin from the mental foramen.  This nerve supplies sensation to the lower teeth on the right or left half of the dental arch, as well as sense of touch to the right or left half of the chin and lower lip.
-* The [[lingual nerve]], which branches off the mandibular branches of the [[trigeminal nerve]] and courses just inside the jaw bone, entering the tongue and supplying sense of touch and taste to the right and left half of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue as well as the lingual gingiva (i.e. the gums on the inside surface of the dental arch).
-Such injuries can occur while lifting teeth (typically the inferior alveolar) but are most commonly caused by inadvertent damage with a surgical drill.  Such injuries are rare and are usually temporary.<ref name="gulicher">{{Citation | last1=Gülicher | first1=D. | last2=Gerlach | first2=K. L. | title=Sensory impairment of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves following removal of impacted mandibular third molars | journal=International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery | volume=30 | pages=306-312 | year=2001 | url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=14115137 }}</ref> Depending on the type of injury (i.e. [[Seddon's classification|Seddon classification]]: [[neuropraxia]], [[axonotmesis]], and [[neurotmesis]]) they can be prolonged or permanent.
-==Treatment controversy==
-Preventive removal of the third molars is a common practice in developed countries despite the lack of scientific data to support this practice. In 2006, the [[Cochrane Collaboration]] published a [[systematic review]] of [[randomized controlled trials]] in order to evaluate the effect of preventative removal of asymptomatic wisdom teeth.<ref name="pmid15846686">{{Cite journal |url=http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab003879.html|title=Interventions for treating asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth in adolescents and adults|accessdate=2006-11-30|publisher=John Wiley and Sons, Ltd|year=2005|author=The Cochrane Collaboration|work=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|format=html | pmid=15846686 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003879.pub2 }}</ref> The authors found no evidence to either support or refute this practice. There was reliable evidence showing that preventative removal did not reduce or prevent late incisor crowding. The authors of the review suggested that the number of surgical procedures could be reduced by 60% or more.
-Likewise, [http://clinicalevidence.com ClinicalEvidence] published a summary,<ref name="pmid16973068">{{cite journal |author=Esposito M |title=Impacted wisdom teeth |journal=Clin Evid |volume= |issue= |pages=1868–70 |year= |pmid=16973068 | url=http://clinicalevidence.com/ceweb/conditions/orh/1302/1302.jsp}}</ref> largely based on the Cochrane review, that concluded prophylactic extraction is "likely to be ineffective or harmful." The website offered the following details:
-{{quote|While it is clear that symptomatic impacted wisdom teeth should be surgically removed, it appears that extracting asymptomatic, disease-free wisdom teeth is not advisable due to the risk of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve.
-Some non-RCT evidence suggests that the extraction of the asymptomatic tooth may be beneficial if caries are present in the adjacent second molar, or if periodontal pockets are present distal to the second molar.}}
-Studies showed that dentists graduated from different countries or even from different [[dental school]]s in one country<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zadik Yehuda, Levin Liran |title=Decision making of Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University Dental Schools graduates in every day dentistry--is there a difference? |journal=J Isr Dent Assoc |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=19-23 |year=2006 |month=April |pmid=16886872 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2008-07-16}}</ref>, may have different clinical decisions regarding third molar removal for the same clinical condition. For example, dentists graduated from [[Israel]]i dental schools may recommend more often for the removal of asymptomatic impacted third molar than dentists graduated from Latin-American or Eastern European dental schools.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zadik Yehuda, Levin Liran |title=Decision making of Israeli, East European, and South American dental school graduates in third molar surgery: is there a difference? |journal=J Oral Maxillofac Surg |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=658-62 |year=2007 |month=April |pmid=17368360 |doi= |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WKF-4N8JDW3-J&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=734474d0fe654970b56c219106722fb6 |accessdate=2008-07-16}}</ref>
-==Vestigiality and variation==
-<!-- This section also appears in the human vestigiality article, please try to keep the two in harmony -->
-Wisdom teeth are [[vestigial]] third molars. In earlier times, when [[tooth loss]] in early adulthood was common, an additional molar had the potential to fill in a gap left by the loss of another tooth. It has also been postulated that the skulls of human ancestors had larger jaws with more teeth, which were possibly used to help chew down foliage to compensate for a lack of ability to efficiently digest the [[cellulose]] that makes up a plant cell wall. As human diet changed, a smaller jaw was [[selection|selected]] by evolution, yet the third molars, or "wisdom teeth", still commonly develop in human mouths.<ref>Johnson, Dr. George B.. "Evidence for Evolution (Page 12)." Txtwriter Inc.. 8 Jun 2006 <http://www.txtwriter.com/backgrounders/Evolution/EVpage12.html>.</ref>
-Other findings suggest that a given culture's diet is a larger factor than genetics in the development of jaw size during human development (and, consequently, the space available for wisdom teeth).<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7581-4K77FW0-D&_user=595307&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2006&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000030581&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=595307&md5=8eb8dac071cdbc68686caeff59f47a38 "Facial dwarfing and dental crowding in relation to diet." Lucas, Peter W. ScienceDirect - International Congress Series 27 August 2007.]</ref>
-Different human populations differ greatly in the percentage of the population which form wisdom teeth, ranging from 0.2% in [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] speakers to nearly 100% in [[Indigenous peoples in Mexico|Mexican Indian]]s.<ref name="pereira">{{cite journal | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. |month=April | year=2006| volume = 103 | issue = 15 | pages = 5676–5681 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0509562103 | title = Natural selection and molecular evolution in primate PAX9 gene, a major determinant of tooth development | author = Tiago V. Pereira, Francisco M. Salzano, Adrianna Mostowska, Wieslaw H. Trzeciak, Andrés Ruiz-Linares, José A. B. Chies, Carmen Saavedra, Cleusa Nagamachi, Ana M. Hurtado, Kim Hill, Dinorah Castro-de-Guerra, Wilson A. Silva-Júnior,§and Maria-Cátira Bortolini | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1458632 | pmid = 16585527 }}</ref>  The difference is related to the [[PAX9]] gene (and perhaps other genes).<ref name="pereira"/>
-== Potential uses for extracted teeth ==
-In August 2008, it was revealed that scientists in Japan were able to successfully harvest [[Stem cell|stem cells]] from wisdom teeth.<ref>http://www.dentistry.co.uk/news/news_detail.php?id=1442 "Stem Cells from Wisdom Teeth"</ref>  This discovery is of great clinical importance, as wisdom tooth extractions are a relatively common type of oral surgery.  Patients who have their wisdom teeth removed may eventually be able to opt to have stem cells from those teeth isolated and saved, in case they should ever need the cells.
-==Etymology of "wisdom teeth"==
-{{Unreferencedsection|date=March 2008}}
-{{Infobox Anatomy |
-  Name         = Wisdom teeth |
-  Latin        = dens sapientiae |
-  MeshNumber   = |
-  DorlandsPre  = t_13 |
-  DorlandsSuf  = 12812963  |
-}}
-They are generally thought to be called wisdom teeth because they appear so late—much later than the other teeth, at an age where people are presumably wiser than as a child, when the other teeth erupt. The English ''wisdom tooth'' is derived from Latin ''dens sapientiae''. The same root is shared by numerous other languages. There exists a Dutch [[folk etymology]] which states that that the Dutch word for wisdom tooth ''verstandskies'' is derived from "far-standing" (ver-staand) molar, and that mistranslations of the Dutch word (in which ''verstand'' translates to wisdom) are the root for corresponding words in other European languages.
-[[Turkish language|Turkish]] refers directly to the age at which wisdom teeth appear and calls it ''20 yaş dişi'' (20th year tooth). In Arabic, its name is ''Ders-al-a'qel'' (ضرس العقل), literally meaning "The tooth of the mind" and hence similar to occidental names. In Korean, its name is ''Sa-rang-nee'' (사랑니, love teeth) referring to the young age and the pain of the first love. In Japanese, its name is ''Oyashirazu'' (親知らず), literally meaning "unknown to the parents," from the idea that they erupt after a child has moved away. The Indonesian term ''gigi bungsu'' for the latest teeth a person cuts refers to ''bungsu'', meaning "youngest child". In Thailand, the wisdom tooth is described ''fan-khut'' (ฟันคุด) "huddling tooth" due to its shortage of place. In Persian (Farsi), its name is "dandan-e aghl" (دندان عقل), which means "wisdom tooth". In many Spanish speaking countries, it is called the "molar of judgement" (muela de juicio). This is because when they appear, the person is considered to have a better judgement than that of a child.
-==See also==
-*[[Dentistry]]
-*[[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
-*[[Toothache]]
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==External links==
-{{Commonscat|Wisdom teeth}}
-*[http://www.studiodentaire.com/en/treatments/wisdom_teeth.php Wisdom Teeth]
-*[http://www.gesundheitsinformation.de/a-z-list.302.56.en.html Wisdom teeth] informedhealthonline.org
-*[http://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/wisdomtooth/wteeth.htm University of Manitoba Dental Hygiene] Article on wisdom teeth.
-*[http://www.experienceproject.com/group_profile.php?g=37 Patient accounts of wisdom teeth removal] Experience Project
-*[http://webmd.com/oral-health/wisdom-tooth-extraction Wisdom tooth extraction] WebMD article
-*[http://www.animated-teeth.com/wisdom_teeth/t1_wisdom_tooth.htm Animated Teeth]
-*[http://www.exodontia.info/ExodontiaWarnings.html]
-*[http://www.teethremoval.com/complications.html Wisdom Teeth Removal Complications]
-[[Category:Dentistry subjects]]
-[[Category:Oral surgery]]
-[[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
-[[Category:Teeth]]
-[[zh-min-nan:Tì-hūi-khí]]
-[[bs:Umnjak]]
-[[cs:Zuby moudrosti]]
-[[da:Visdomstand]]
-[[de:Weisheitszahn]]
-[[dv:އެންމެ އެތެރެ ކޮލުދަތް]]
-[[el:Φρονιμίτης]]
-[[es:Muela del juicio]]
-[[fr:Dent de sagesse]]
-[[ko:사랑니]]
-[[id:Gigi bungsu]]
-[[it:Dente del giudizio]]
-[[he:שן בינה]]
-[[ml:വിവേകദന്തങ്ങള്‍]]
-[[nl:Verstandskies]]
-[[ja:親知らず]]
-[[no:Visdomstann]]
-[[pl:Ząb mądrości]]
-[[pt:Terceiro molar superior]]
-[[ru:Зуб мудрости]]
-[[sk:Zub múdrosti]]
-[[sr:Умњак]]
-[[fi:Viisaudenhammas]]
-[[sv:Visdomstand]]
-[[te:జ్ఞాన దంతం]]
-[[th:ฟันคุด]]
-[[vi:Răng khôn]]
-[[zh:智齿]]