Ching Hai: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Vietnamese spiritual teacher}} |
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{{Infobox Person |
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{{for|other topics with a similar-sounding name|Qinghai (disambiguation)}} |
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| image = ChingHai Sydney in 1993.jpg |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} |
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| image_size = 175px |
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{{Infobox artist |
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| name = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| honorific_prefix = |
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|05|12}} |
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| |
| name = Ching Hai |
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| image = ChingHai Sydney in 1993.jpg |
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| image_size = 175px |
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| caption = Ching Hai in [[Sydney, Australia|Sydney]] (1993) |
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| birth_name = Hue Dang Trinh |
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1950|05|12}} |
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| birth_place = [[Quang Ngai Province]], [[Vietnam]] |
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| nationality = [[United Kingdom|British]], <br> formerly [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] |
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| movement = Quan Yin Method |
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| field = [[Spirituality]], [[mysticism]], [[poetry]] [[Entrepreneur]] |
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| works = Book:The Key of Immediate Enlightenment, [[Supreme Master Television|Supreme Master TV]], [[Loving Hut]] |
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| memorials = |
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| website = {{URL|godsdirectcontact.org}} |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Infobox Chinese |
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Supreme Master '''Ching Hai''', or Suma Ching Hai ("Suma" is an abbreviation of the said title), ([[Traditional Chinese]]: 清海無上師, [[Pinyin]]: ''Qīnghǎi Wúshàngshī''; [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: ''Thanh Hải Vô Thượng Sư'', [[Japanese language|Japanese]]: チンハイ) (born [[May 12]], [[1950]]) is the founder and spiritual teacher of the ''[[Quan Yin Method]]''. She is also a poet, painter, musician, jewelry designer, fashion designer, and writer.<ref name="chua"/><ref>{{cite news | last = Hackman |
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| title = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| first = Nichollas |
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| float = |
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| title = The Peace Seeker |
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| collapse = yes |
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| work = Los Angeles Times |
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| t = {{linktext|清|海|無|上|師}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1021065075 |title=Handbook of East Asian new religious movements |date=2018 |editor=Lukas Pokorny |isbn=978-90-04-36297-0 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |oclc=1021065075}}</ref> |
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| date = [[1998-12-13]]}} |
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| s = {{linktext|清|海|无|上|师}} |
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</ref> She is well known for philanthropic and humanitarian work.<ref>{{cite news | last = Maragay |
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| l = Clear Ocean Immeasurable Teacher <ref group="note">* Qīnghǎi wú shàng shī. |
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| first = Fel V. |
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| title = Master of charity |
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| publisher = Manila Standard Today |
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| date = [[2006-11-20]] |
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| url = http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=felMaragay_nov20_2006 }} |
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</ref> Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association, Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd, S.M.Celestial Co Ltd and more recently [[Supreme Master Television]] are some notable endeavors that are attributed to her. These enterprises and her glamor, however, have led to some criticisms that they were out of line with the traditional concept of monastic life. |
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* Thanh Hải Vô Thượng Sư. |
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==Official biography== |
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Ching Hai was born to a well-off family in central [[Vietnam]], the daughter of a [[naturopath]]. She was brought up as a [[Roman Catholic]], and learned the basics of [[Buddhism]] from her grandmother. |
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Literally; “Clear Ocean, Immeasurable Teacher”. |
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At the age of eighteen Ching Hai moved to [[England]] to study, and then later to [[France]] and [[Germany]], where she worked for the [[Red Cross]] and married a German scientist and doctor. After two years of marriage, with the consent of her husband, she left to pursue a childhood dream of enlightenment. Thus began a time of arduous pilgrimages to different countries. |
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{{Cite journal |last=Winter |first=Franz |date=2018 |title=How to Download the Divine |url=https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/index.php/religions/article/download/23847/17589/65523 |journal=Online – Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet |volume=13 |pages=133 |via=Heidelberg University}} |
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Finally, according to Ching Hai, she rediscovered the ''Quan Yin Method'' and the "Divine Transmission" in the [[Himalayas]] and after a period of diligent practice attained complete enlightenment. <ref name="samplebooklet">{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = The Key to Immediate Enlightenment |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1990-01-09]] |
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| url = http://www.godsdirectcontact.org/sample/}}</ref> |
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* Both the Chinese and Vietnamese adjectives: "Immeasurable" are derived from the Sanskrit word "Anuttara" See: [[Glossary of Buddhism]]. For the Chinese title Teacher or Master see: [[Shifu]]. |
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===Unofficial version=== |
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</ref> |
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Internet articles offer other details about Ching Hai, however, they were never verified by Ching Hai herself and have been criticized for not offering solid evidence.<ref name="young">{{cite news |
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| p = Qīng Hǎi Wú Shàng Shī |
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| last = Young |
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| qn = Thanh Hải Vô Thượng Sư<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2003 |title=Vietnam: Country Report |url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/402a3c7c4.pdf |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, United Kingdom}}</ref> |
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| first = Gordon |
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}} |
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| title = God Inc. |
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| work = SF Weekly |
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| date = [[1996-05-22]] |
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| url = http://www.sfweekly.com/1996-05-22/news/god-inc/ }} </ref> |
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<ref name="guzman">{{cite news |
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| last = Guzmán |
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| first = Rafer |
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| title = Immaterial Girl |
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| work = Metro |
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| date = [[1996-03-28]] |
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| url = http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/03.28.96/suma-9613.html }}</ref> |
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According to those reports, she was born as Hue Dang Trinh, to a Vietnamese mother and an ethnic Chinese father, on May 12, 1950 in a small village in the [[Quang Ngai Province]] in Vietnam. Afterwards, 19-year-old Trinh moved to Britain, and then to Germany. Presumably alone, she immigrated to India to study different religions, visited a wide variety of spiritual teachers and stayed in their ashrams. Among these teachers was the well-known [[Sant Thakar Singh|Thakar Singh]]. During her stay at his ashram, she became the newest "prize pupil" and from him it is also believed by some that her Quan Yin Method is derived. |
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'''Ching Hai''' (born '''Trịnh Đăng Huệ''';<ref group="note">[[Vietnamese name]] consisting of three parts in the following order: a family name, a middle name and a given name.</ref> 12 May 1950), commonly referred to as ''[[Abbreviation|Suma]]'' or ''[[Satguru|Supreme Master]]'' Ching Hai, is a [[Vietnamese people in the United Kingdom|British citizen]] of [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese descent]]; a [[Humanitarian aid|humanitarian]], [[Philanthropy|philanthropist]],<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Anual report |url=https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/about-us/publications/2020-publications/fy20-annual-report.pdf |website=American Red Cross |page=26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1999-01-19 |title=CHARITY SCORECARD |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jan-19-cl-64890-story.html |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President of the Republic of Slovenia > Reception of Supreme Master Ching Hai |url=http://www2.gov.si/up-rs/2002-2007/jd-ang.nsf/PrintWebForm?openform&ParentUnid=E48E71CC8B79253BC12572EC007FA553 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=www2.gov.si}}</ref> and the [[Guru|spiritual leader]]<ref name=partridge/> of the [[Guanyin Famen]] (Chinese) or Quan Yin method transnational [[Cybersectarianism|cybersect]]. The practice had existed predating the common usage of the internet.<ref name="partridge">[[Christopher Partridge|Partridge, Christopher]] (2004) [https://books.google.com/books?id=bkcUAQAAIAAJ&q=Ching+hai New Religions: A Guide] [[Oxford University Press]], p. 263-264</ref><ref name=thornton08>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/7806399|chapter=Manufacturing Dissent in Transnational China: Boomerang, Backfire or Spectacle?|first=Patricia M.|last=Thornton|editor=Kevin J. O'Brien |title=Popular Protest in China |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2008 |pages=179–204|via=www.academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Taipei Review |journal=[[Taiwan Review]] |date=2001 |volume=51 |issue=7–11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDRwAAAAMAAJ&q=supreme+master+ching+hai |access-date=31 January 2020 |publisher=Kwang Hwa Publishing Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Schumacher |first1=Elizabeth |title=Vegan restaurants run by cult leader who 'speaks to God' {{!}} DW {{!}} 13.08.2018 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/vegan-restaurants-run-by-cult-leader-who-speaks-to-god/a-45061424 |access-date=31 January 2020 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=13 August 2018 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131032111/https://www.dw.com/en/vegan-restaurants-run-by-cult-leader-who-speaks-to-god/a-45061424 |url-status=live }}</ref> Based out of [[Taiwan]], she is estimated to have 2 million followers worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=China : Treatment of Guanyin Famen practitioners (Kuan Yin Famen, Guanyin Method, Quanyin Famen, Way of the Goddess of Mercy, Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association) |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/563c6b334.html |access-date=31 January 2020 |publisher=[[Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada]] |date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131032114/https://www.refworld.org/docid/563c6b334.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Goossaert |first1=Vincent |last2=Palmer |first2=David A. |title=The Religious Question in Modern China |date=2011 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-30416-8 |page=292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bx83dlLMPdMC&q=ching+hai+2+million+followers&pg=PA292 |access-date=31 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |
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In 1984 a Vietnamese Buddhist monk in Taipei (Taiwan) named Jing-Xing ordained her "Ching Hai", which means "pure ocean" in Mandarin. |
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Ching Hai founded the [[Loving Hut]] [[Veganism|vegan]] restaurant chain and vegan Celestial Shop fashion company under Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association.<ref name="chua">{{cite magazine| last = Chua-Eoan| first = Howard| title = The Buddhist Martha| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985800,00.html| magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]| date = 20 January 1997| access-date = 8 March 2010| archive-date = 21 July 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130721062502/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985800,00.html| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Maragay | first = Fel V. | title = Master of charity | work = [[Manila Standard Today]] | date = 20 November 2006 | url = http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=felMaragay_nov20_2006 | access-date = 8 March 2007 | archive-date = 3 November 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141103133648/http://manilastandardtoday.com/?page=felMaragay_nov20_2006 | url-status = live }}</ref> |
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==Life and career== |
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==International awards== |
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Ching Hai was born to a Vietnamese mother and an [[Hoa people|ethnic Chinese]] father,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-08-29 |title=The Dui Hua Foundation-Dialogue – Issue 52: The "Cult" of Buddha |url=https://duihua.org/dialogue-issue-52-the-cult-of-buddha/ |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=[[Dui Hua Foundation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> on 12 May 1950 in a small village in the [[Quảng Ngãi Province]] in Vietnam.<ref name="young">{{cite news | last = Young | first = Gordon | title = God Inc. | work = SF Weekly | date = 22 May 1996 | url = http://www.sfweekly.com/1996-05-22/news/god-inc/ | access-date = 15 April 2007 | archive-date = 30 September 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181423/http://www.sfweekly.com/1996-05-22/news/god-inc/ | url-status = live }}</ref> At the age of 18, she moved to England to study and later to France and then Germany, where she worked for the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]].<ref name=Maragay>{{Cite web |last=Maragay |first=Fel V. |date=20 November 2006 |title=Master of Charity |url=https://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=felMaragay_nov20_2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523231717/https://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=felMaragay_nov20_2006 |archive-date=23 May 2007 |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=[[Manila Standard]]}}</ref> In 1969, she began a relationship with a German scientist.<ref name="partridge" /><ref name="guzman">{{cite news | last = Guzmán | first = Rafer | title = Immaterial Girl | work = Metro | date = 28 March 1996 | url = http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/03.28.96/suma-9613.html | access-date = 5 January 2006 | archive-date = 21 December 2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051221055938/http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/03.28.96/suma-9613.html | url-status = live }}</ref> They married, but separated after two years to focus on spiritualism and she moved to India to study different religions.<ref name="young"/> In 1979, she met a [[Buddhist]] monk in Germany whom she followed for three years, but his monastery denied entry to women.<ref name="guzman"/> |
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She has been awarded: |
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Ching Hai attempted to buy a copy of the [[Bhagavad Gita]] from a bookshop near the [[Ganges]]. Despite the shopkeepers' assertions that they did not have a copy, an extensive search revealed one in a sealed box. This led to rumours of her having a [[third eye]] circulating by 1982.<ref name=thornton08/> In 1983, she met a Vietnamese Buddhist monk in [[Taiwan]] named Jing-Xing, who ordained her in 1984 as "Thanh Hai", meaning "pure ocean".<ref name="guzman"/> |
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* [[Gusi Peace Prize]] (2006) |
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According to her official biography, Ching Hai was born to a well-off [[naturopathy|naturopathic]] family in [[Âu Lạc]], Hanoi, Vietnam. Though raised as a [[Roman Catholic]], she learned the basics of Buddhism from her grandmother. A Himalayas spiritual teacher showed her a particular meditation method which she named ''Quan Yin method''.<ref name="offbio">{{cite news | last= Hai |first = Ching Hai | title = God's Direct Contact | publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association | date = March 2009 | url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/bio.html | access-date = 11 March 2009 | archive-date = 2 February 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120202064328/http://godsdirectcontact.us/bio.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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==Spiritual career== |
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In the years after her enlightenment, Ching Hai lived the quiet, unassuming life of a [[Buddhist]] nun, until people sincerely sought her instruction and initiation. Starting in 1985,<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = God's Direct Contact |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = December 2002 |
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| url = http://smchbooks.com/new-eng/book-e/index.htm}}</ref> through the insistent requests and efforts of her disciples in [[Taiwan]] and the [[United States]], she began lecturing extensively throughout the world in Chinese, English and Vietnamese, and has since initiated many tens of thousands of spiritual aspirants. She continued to dress as a nun until around 1993 when she began wearing her own fashion designs and grew out her hair.<ref>{{cite news |
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| title = Love Between Master & Disciples |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1992-10-30]] |
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| url = http://www.godsdirectcontact.com/audioclips/videolist.html}}</ref> |
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According to Ting Jen-Chieh (Ding Renjie), assistant [[research fellow]] in the Institute of Ethnology, [[Academia Sinica]], by the early 1990s Ching Hai was at odds with the Buddhist establishment in Taiwan. Rather than submit to their demands, she severed all connections to Buddhist organizations, abandoned the traditional robe, grew out her hair, dressed fashionably, and set out to create her own independent group.<ref name=eichman/> |
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==Teachings== |
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The core of Ching Hai’s teachings is what she calls the ''[[Quan Yin Method]]'', a "Method of Meditation on The Inner Light and Sound" [觀音静坐法門] by which an individual is said to be able to attain the highest level of divine realization. |
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Currently, Ching Hai doesn't operate under the guise of traditional Buddhism. Her home page calls her "Supreme Master Ching Hai, a renowned humanitarian, artist, and spiritual leader" (lingxiu daoshi 領袖道士). Her current irreverence for religious traditions in general, have made her more synonymous to a [[Zen master]].<ref name=eichman/> |
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{{rquote|left|''There’s only one religion: the religion of God, of love and of understanding. <br>There’s only one church, one temple: the temple of Enlightenment. <br>Come to that temple; then we’ll know all religions of the world.'' <ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = God Is Everything |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1990-12-16]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/com/audioclips/videolist.html}}</ref> |
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}} |
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[[Transpersonal psychology|Transpersonal psychologist]], Timothy Conway writes: "Though Ching Hai can be stern from time to time with her disciples, she often can be seen happily singing simple, romantic folksongs with them for hours at a time. This attractive blend of power and simplicity, virtue and joy, has many people revering Ching Hai as a manifestation of [[Guanyin|Guan-yin]] Bodhisattva".<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Conway |first1=Timothy |date=October 2017 |title=Women of Buddhism |url=https://www.enlightened-spirituality.org/Women_of_Spirit_Chapter_Two_Buddhism.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718062849/http://www.enlightened-spirituality.org/Women_of_Spirit_Chapter_Two_Buddhism.html |archive-date=18 July 2018 |access-date=9 February 2020 |website=Enlightened-Spirituality.org}}</ref> Ching Hai calls her meditation method the Guan Yin (Chinese) or Quan Yin method because She gave her first public teachings in Taiwan. Quan Yin is a Chinese term that means "observation of the inner vibration".<ref name=taeyoung1/> |
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Role of a Master: Ching Hai teaches that "the main goal of life is continuous spiritual elevation".<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master's Words: Continuous Spiritual Elevation is the Main Goal of Life |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1997-12-23]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/160/index2.htm}}</ref> In this world, we have two ways to live our life. Most people choose the normal way that we accept everything that happens to us as destiny, because we do not know the second way. The other way is knowing God's grace, by which we can live a much happier, smoother and more peaceful life, but most of the time it's hidden from us.<ref name="Grace">{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master's Words: Knowing God's Grace Is the Heavenly Way of Life |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1999-05-09]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/179/}}</ref> Accordingly there are also two classes of universal law; One is the law of absolute love and grace, the other is the law of action and retribution. When we’re in the higher dimensions of the Kingdom, we have only love and grace. But when we’re in the lower scales of the universe such as this physical dimension, we have to abide by the law of cause and effect.<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Questions and Answers: The Highest Realms Are Ruled with Love and Grace |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1999-05-31]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/167/index2.htm}}</ref> Most of us enjoy only this world and do not know Heaven exists. However most of the happiness in this world is short-lived or has side effects. To find the source of all happiness, uncover our inner wisdom and love, and get permanent freedom from suffering, namely enlightenment, we must turn to the great Spirit, the spirit of God, that lies within us.<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master’s Words: Turn to Your Inner Wisdom to Get True Answers |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1993-11-13]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/174/}}</ref> Altogether we can live an easy life in this world, that everything is clear to us. We can choose to gain both material and spiritual success. We can choose whatever we want, but we must know how. To be successful in the spiritual knowledge of God, we must find the right opportunity and associate with the right person, one who knows the spiritual way to God, who can help us remember the way that we’ve forgotten and who can reconnect us with Him.<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master Says: Treasure the Precious Opportunity to Gain Spiritual Success |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1999-05-05]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/173/}}</ref><ref name="Grace"/><ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master Says: To Find God's Love is to Find the Source of All Happiness |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1995-08-18]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/165/}}</ref> Many people can get enlightened to some degree by themselves through the teachings of a Teacher, or through their own effort due to their sincerity and longing. But many people can’t. And even if we can get enlightened ourselves, there are many things that still need to be cleared up by a living Teacher who has gone all the way, back and forth because the spiritual road is invisible.<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master Says: We Have Always been and Will Always be Enlightened |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1993-11-27]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/160/}}</ref>So, only through initiation by an authentic living master can a seeker remember his true self and become fully enlightened.<ref>{{cite news |
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| title = Inner Peace |
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| url = http://www.godsdirectcontact.com/meditation/Inner_Peace.htm}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |
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| title = Enlightenment |
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| url = http://www.godsdirectcontact.com/meditation/Enlightenment.htm}}</ref> |
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Her meditation centres in American cities such as Los Angeles benefit from tax-exempt status as religious organizations.<ref name="young"/> She presides over an organization which owns restaurants and sells her jewellery and clothes.<ref name="guzman"/> |
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Precepts: If we want to stay in higher dimension, we need to live up to its standards. We need to be noble, compassionate, and loving. We must adhere to five precepts: |
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==Corporate operations== |
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* Refrain from taking the life of sentient beings |
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Ching Hai is the founder of the [[Loving Hut]] restaurant chain, which in 2017 had 200 locations in 35 countries worldwide.<ref name=childs/> The restaurants are run on a franchise basis, with devotees managing each one and most workers belonging to the movement.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Twist|first=Amanda van Eck Duymaer van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksoFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|title=Minority Religions and Fraud: In Good Faith|date=2016-04-22|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-09574-3|pages=137–138|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New religious movements: alternative religions serving up innovations in food and faith|url=https://english.religion.info/2014/11/15/new-religious-movements-alternative-religions-serving-up-innovations-in-food-and-faith/|access-date=2021-12-31|website=ReligiScope}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Goldman|first=Marion S.|title=Food, Faith and Fraud in Two New Religious Movements|date=2014|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315595535-8/food-faith-fraud-two-new-religious-movements-marion-goldman|work=Minority Religions and Fraud|pages=135–152|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781315595535-8|isbn=978-1-315-59553-5|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref> |
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* Refrain from speaking what is not true |
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* Refrain from taking what is not offered |
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* Refrain from sexual misconduct |
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* Refrain from the use of intoxicants |
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Her organization's numerous websites are offered in 17 languages. The Celestial Shop "includes a line of Celestial apparel and Celestial jewelry designed by the Master".<ref name=thornton08/> |
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These rules have been passed down to us from the many Masters of ancient times to Master Jesus, Master Buddha, Master Krishna, Master Mohammed and so on, and they continue being passed down to us. We could and should live on vegetarian diet. As long as we don’t give up flesh-eating we are still harming the earth and consequently harming ourselves and our children in the future.<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master Says: Respect the Life of Animals as Equal to Our Own |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[2006-12-31]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/183/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master's Words: Living the Teachings Brings Us Naturally Closer to God |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1999-09-25]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/163/}}</ref> Therefore one need to be a vegetarian to get initiation. |
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Liam D. Murphy, professor of [[anthropology]] at [[California State University, Sacramento|California State]] has stated that "Ching Hai is a textbook example of what [[Social science|social scientists]] call a [[Charismatic authority|charismatic prophet]]" and that the [[Religious abuse|abuse of power]] over her own members in loving hut is a hypothetical possibility “If anyone is in danger...it is usually their own members". Murphy states that the proper term for her movement is not “[[cult]],” but more accurately a [[new religious movement]]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-12-28|title=Know thy master|url=https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/know-thy-master/1896856/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-01|website=[[News & Review]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226102213/https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/content/know-thy-master/1896856/ |archive-date=26 February 2021 }}</ref> The ''Database of Religious History'' ([[University of British Columbia]]), states regarding Ching Hai's movement "Does the religious group actively [[Proselytism|proselytize]] and recruit new members: No." with [[subject-matter expert]], anthropologist Stephen Christopher commentating "Not really. Of course Ching Hai herself uses 24 hour satellite TV programming to reach out to potential new recruits. It is more often the case that among the [[Five precepts|Five Precepts]] the [[edict]] of veganism is most actively promoted as lifestyle worth spreading among non-believers".<ref name="Christopher">{{Cite web|last=Christopher|first=Stephen|title=Supreme Master Ching Hai World Society (General Variables/Group interaction)|url=https://religiondatabase.org/browse/570/#/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-04|website=religiondatabase.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104024742/https://religiondatabase.org/browse/570/ |archive-date=4 January 2022 }}</ref> Christopher writes "The debate about the legitimacy of Ching Hai largely plays out through [[Internet forum|cyber forums]] from [[YouTube]] videos to [[Anti-cult movement|cult warning websites]]. [[Christian mission]]ary groups are particularly interested in debunking Ching Hai even though they may have no direct contact with the organization. These online forums often devolve into misunderstanding and exaggeration and Ching Hai adherents often express hurt and disappointment when they discover such material. Conversely, some adherents have disaffiliated after encountering anti-Ching Hai material".<ref name="Christopher"/> |
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Initiation: During the initiation, she purportedly will reveal to the new disciple the inner light of god, whether she is physically present or not. The minimum amount of time she recommends to be spent in meditation is two and a half hours a day for her initiated disciples. |
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In 2017, [[Yahoo.com]] reported that Chuck McLean, senior research fellow at [[GuideStar]], reviewed the [[Form 990|990s]] of two of the largest American chapters of the group: Los Angeles, which reports over $1.2 million in assets-more than any other chapter in the US-and San Jose, the parent organization of more than a dozen chapters across the country. "Taking their Forms 990 at face value, it seems unlikely that anyone is enriching themselves financially through these organizations ... I don't know what the associated business interests are about, but it appears that they give almost all of their money to legitimate causes."<ref name=childs>{{cite news |last1=Childs |first1=Morgan |title=The Vegan Chain That Might Be a Cult |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/vegan-chain-might-cult-173156426.html |access-date=6 February 2020 |work=[[Yahoo.com]] |date=13 April 2017 |archive-date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206173837/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/vegan-chain-might-cult-173156426.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Through daily practice of meditation and charitable, noble work, we are coming to know more and more about our godself, and realize that all beings are linked by the invisible force of love.<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Selected Questions and Answers: All Beings Are Linked by the Invisible Force of Love |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1999-05-31]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/170/}}</ref> We started to love people more, love the flowers and all the animals more than we loved before, because we see them now with different eyes, with enlightened eyes. We just do it, the more we give, the more love we have, and then the love is all-encompassing again, and we will regain our unconditional love again, 100%. |
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=== International organizations === |
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Selflessness and humility are important tenets of Ching Hai’s teachings. Selflessness means always love; be loving and kind, think about others before oneself. She advises her disciples to train themselves in any selfless act they can. Even if at first one do it with intention, just keep doing it, then it becomes automatic. Humility means one put oneself last. If we realize that we are not really here, that we’re just a shadow in this non-existent planetary world, then how can we worry about ourselves so much? So, we are no one and we don’t need to really consider this “self,” then we always have the bigger Self. But when we only think of this little self here, which is only the body, then we are just stuck there with the little one, and we will never go anywhere else; we will never grow any bigger.<ref>{{cite news |
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[[File:Supreme Master Ching Hai Int'l Asso Publishing 20131120.jpg|thumb|The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co. was founded on 1st Fl., No.236, Songshan Rd., [[Xinyi District, Taipei]], [[Taiwan]].]] |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master's Words: The Most Important Spiritual Qualities |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[2006-12-17]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/185/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master Says: The Qualities of Unconditional Love |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[2007-05-27]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/187/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master Says: Developing Our Human Quality and Noble Quality |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[2007-07-01]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/189/}}</ref> |
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Ching Hai has founded organizations including the Supreme Master Ching Hai International, World Peace Media, Oceans of Love Entertainment and Supreme Master Television. |
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Ching Hai keeps in contact with her disciples by speaking at meditation retreats that she occasionally puts on for them, as well as by communing inwardly with them when they meditate. Many disciples claimed that they could perceive her omnipresence and help especially when they were in troubles.<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master's Wonders |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[2002-11-20]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/139/}}</ref> She says that the real master is not her physical body, but the omnipresent "God Power" that she possesses. Thus, she often tells her disciples that she is always with them, supporting and protecting them, even if her physical body isn't near.<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master Says: Catch Up with the Pace of Universal Development |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[2005-02-23]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/163/index2.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Is God A Being OR A NO-Being |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1989-10-13]] |
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| url = http://www.godsdirectcontact.com/lectures/Is_God_A_Being_Or_A_Non-Being.htm#SEC6}}</ref> |
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In late 2008, Ching Hai launched a media campaign in Australia and New Zealand asking people to "Be Green, Go Veg, Save the Planet".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/bleak-days-at-cape-grim-as-beef-bashed/story-e6frg6ox-1225791165315| title = Bleak days at Cape Grim as beef bashed | work= [[The Australian]]| date = 26 October 2009| access-date = 15 December 2009}}</ref> |
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==The Quan Yin Method== |
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''Main Article: [[Quan Yin Method]]''<ref name="samplebooklet">{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = The Key to Immediate Enlightenment |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1990-01-09]] |
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| url = http://www.godsdirectcontact.org/sample/}}</ref> |
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The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association has made submissions to the [[Garnaut Climate Change Review]], advocating large cuts to livestock production. Hai is in favor of a [[meat tax]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2011 |title=Go vegan, save the world |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/go-vegan-save-the-world-20150429 |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=[[News24 (website)|News24]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Animal-people Meat Tax Is Critical for a Vegan World - English |url=https://suprememastertv.com/en1/v/203171981606.html |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=suprememastertv.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Ching Hai initiates spiritual aspirants into the ''Quan Yin Method'', also called the "Inner Light and Sound meditation." The Quan Yin Method, which is purported to exist in various religions under different names, is the "best, easiest, and quickest" way to get enlightenment.<ref>{{cite news |
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| title = Soundless Sound - The Tone That Fills The Cosmos |
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| work = Yoga International Magazine Issue 36 |
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| date = July, 1997 |
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| url = |
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http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/084/i-01.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Quan Yin Method is the Easiest Way to God |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1999-11-28]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.com/quanyin/htm/110/e110.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Shakyamuni Buddha |
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| title = The Surangama Sutra (Part VI) |
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| publisher = Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. |
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| url = http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/surangama.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> |
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The method involves meditation on the "inner light and the inner sound of God", or the [[Shabd|Word]] that she claims is also referred to in the Bible and said to be acknowledged repeatedly in the literature of all the world's major spiritual traditions. The Quan Yin Method requires two and a half hours of meditation per day and adherence to the [[The Five Precepts|five precepts]]. |
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According to political scientist Patricia Thornton at the [[University of Oxford]], the Ching Hai World Society's heavy reliance on the internet for text distribution, recruitment and information-sharing, marks the group as a transnational [[cybersect]].<ref name=thornton08/> Thornton claimed that the source of income behind Hai's numerous business ventures is unknown<ref name=thornton08/> and that much of the media produced by her television programmes is heavily self-referential and promotional and aims to "build a public record of recognition for group activities."<ref name = thornton08/> |
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As part of their meditation routine, followers of Ching Hai partially cover their heads under a sheet of cloth or blanket while meditating. However, while meditating away from the view of uninitiated people, the meditators do not necessarily use this cloth to cover their heads completely. |
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Anthropologist Saskia Abrahms-Kavunenko at [[Max Weber Center for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies]] stated that similar to [[Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)|Ravi Shankar]] movement, Ching Hai group generally don't self identify as a religion and are very [[ecumenical]]. Abrahms-Kavunenko has also noted that while in the field in [[Mongolia]], Hai's group especially via ''[[Supreme Master Television]]'' 24 hour broadcast is influencing many Buddhists ideas on meditation and enlightenment, even though they are not sure of the authenticity of her claims.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abrahms-Kavunenko |first1=Saskia |title=Enlightenment and the Gasping City: Mongolian Buddhism at a Time of Environmental Disarray |date=2019 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-1-5017-3766-4 |pages=187, 193 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-KEDwAAQBAJ&q=+%22ching+hai%22&pg=PA193 |access-date=3 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |
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===The Convenient Method=== |
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For the people who would like to have some experimental experiences, or cease eating animal products gradually, the "Convenient Method" is offered instead as a preliminary to the Quan Yin Method. The practice involves half an hour of meditation a day and adherence to a vegetarian diet for a minimum of ten days per month. |
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In ''Prominent Nuns: Influential Taiwanese Voices'' ([[CrossCurrents]] 2011), Religious studies [[Research associate]] Jennifer Eichman of the ''Centere of Buddhist Studies'' at [[SOAS University of London]] summarizes: While to some, Ching Hai's movement is considered Buddhist [[Heresy]] and to others a [[New Age]] religious organization. Accusations of being a [[Cult]] group have been made repeatedly over the years, especially in newspaper articles and by cult watchers. Ching Hai's response to this accusation is that participants were free to leave at any time.<ref name=eichman/> |
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==Bibliography== |
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===Books=== |
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* ''The Lost Memories'' (2002, ISBN 1886544328) |
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* ''The Way to Reach Peace'' (2002, ISBN 1886544719) |
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* ''Traces of a Previous Life'' (2002, ISBN 7886544387) |
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* ''God Takes Care of Everything'' (2003, ISBN 1886544743) |
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* ''Supreme Kitchen : International Vegetarian Cuisine'' (2003, ISBN 1886544735) |
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* ''Secrets to Effortless Spiritual Practice'' (2005, ISBN 9868106125) |
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* ''Wu Tzu Poems'' (2005, ISBN 9572824597) |
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* ''Your Halo Is Too Tight!'' (2005, ISBN 9572824562) |
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* ''Of God and Humans - Insights From Bible Stories '' (2006, ISBN 9868106168) |
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* ''Pebbles and Gold'' (2006, ISBN 9868263522) |
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* ''The Dogs in My Life, Vol 1'' (2007, ISBN 9866895076) |
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* ''The Dogs in My Life, Vol 2'' (2007, ISBN 9866895084) |
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* ''The Birds in My life'' (2007, ISBN 9866895149) |
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* ''The Noble Wilds''(2008, ISBN 9789868415232) |
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In Eichman's own view, as infuriating as Hai's persona, her materialism and unsystematic religious synthesizing is to the Taiwanese Buddhist community and to others who have called her a cult leader, when we set aside her Buddhist roots and compare her work to that of an ever-changing array of self-made gurus, spiritual guides and newly formed religions that make up the New Age marketplace, it becomes evident that Ching Hai's work is neither the most radical nor innovative. She states that the controversies swirling around Ching Hai should not stop us from noting just how gutsy it was for her to strike out on her own, and with her unusual prominence as a female spiritual leader, Ching Hai in effect demonstrates her ability to compete in a spiritual arena dominated largely by men. And we should be open to the idea that not all female leaders will remain within the religious mainstream.<ref name=eichman/> |
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===Paintings=== |
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<!-- commenting out deleted image; GFDL tag was not appropriate- [[Image:Painting stonecave.png|thumbnail|right|300px|Stone Cave was originally named 'The Tunnel' - 1990.]] --> |
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* ''Stone Cave'' (1990) |
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* ''Harmony'' (1991) |
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* ''Peaceful Time'' (1992) |
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* ''Rescued'' (1993) |
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* ''Desert Flower'' (1994) |
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* ''Heavens' Gift'' (2006) |
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==Humanitarian aid and philanthropy== |
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==Criticism== |
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A 1996 [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs]] report states "Published criticisms of Ching Hai generally fail to credit her organization's good works. Her members reportedly are active in many [[Humanitarian aid|humanitarian]] and [[Charity (practice)|charitable]] causes...Ching Hai's greatest humanitarian activity continues to be working for the more than 20,000 [[Vietnamese boat people|Vietnamese refugees]] still in camps dispersed throughout Southeast Asia." The report also lists humanitarian aid to the victims of: [[1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo]] in the Philippines, the [[Great Flood of 1993]] in the United States and the 1995 [[Famine|food shortage]] crisis in [[Cambodia]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs |first=United States Congress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YUBBozZSz0kC&dq=%22ching+hai%22+%22humanitarian%22&pg=PA2798 |title=Investigation of Illegal Or Improper Activities in Connection with 1996 Federal Election Campaign: Final Report |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1998 |pages=2798 |language=en}}</ref> According to a report issued by the [[Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy]] in Hong Kong: Prior to the 1997 [[Handover of Hong Kong]], Hai donated 6 million dollars to Vietnamese refugees and other people who needed help.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2001 |title=China: Meditation practice called "Kuan Yin Famen" (Guanyin Famen, Guanyin Method, Quanyin Famen); treatment of practitioners, particularly in Shandong |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3df4be1b34.html |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=Refworld.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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Detractors have thought that self titled ''Supreme Master'' Ching Hai may only be teaching these methods for her own profit, thus one news writer giving her the nickname, "Part Buddha, Part [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]".<ref name="guzman"/> In the past, she stated that she earned more than former U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]]'s annual salary of $200,000,<ref name="jackson">{{cite news |
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| last = Jackson |
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| first = Brooks |
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| coauthors = John Gilmore |
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| title = Religious Leader Felt Sorry For Clinton |
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| work = CNN's Inside Politics |
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| publisher = CNN |
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| date = [[1997-01-09]] |
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| url = http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/01/09/ching.hai/ }} |
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</ref> which is incongruous with a monastic lifestyle requiring that clergy do not engage in profit or commercial activity. She has opened vegetarian restaurants, held public seminars, and has made millions of dollars as a painter, fashion designer, and jewelry designer. She has also raised eyebrows for her flamboyant dress sense, which is not in line with that of a Buddhist monk or nun. In October 1995 on Ching Hai Day, she wore queenly robes "under orders from God," riding a sedan chair carried by eight bearers to the cheers of "your royal majesty".<ref name="chua">{{cite news |
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|last = Chua-Eoan |
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|first = Howard |
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|title = The Buddhist Martha |
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|work = Time Magazine |
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|date= 1997-01-20 |
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}} |
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</ref> Through her lectures, Ching Hai explains that her way of dress is a statement to prove that one does not need to dress as a nun or monk to achieve enlightenment through her Quan Yin Method. Criticisms of Ching Hai tend to focus on the fact that her disciples buy much of her artwork, which critics see as indirectly donating to her. One disciple is supposed to have bought her sweat socks for $800 [[USD]] because "when the Master leaves the physical world, at least I will have her socks".<ref name="young"/> Followers insist that most of the money she makes is used for helping the poor, providing necessities to refugees, and victims of environmental disasters. |
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Upon receiving the [[Gusi Peace Prize]] in 2006, Political journalist Fel Maragay wrote in the [[Manila Standard]] that while "to her disciples and admirers, she is a messenger from the world of spirituality who has set the directions their lives aright by teaching them “method of enlightenment” through meditation", to the people she provides humanitarian assistance; "she is a [[Parable of the Good Samaritan|good Samaritan]] who has come to their [[Aid|succor]] during times of natural calamities. She has always carried out her charitable mission without [[Publicity|fanfare]] in any country hit by major disasters.".<ref name="Maragay" /> |
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===Teachings=== |
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The Quan Yin Method is allegedly similar to the practice of [[Surat Shabd Yoga]] from the ''[[Sant Mat]]'' tradition which also teaches meditation on the light and sound. |
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[[ReliefWeb]] cites Hai Humanitarian aid to the victims of [[1996 Bangladesh tornado]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=1996-05-24 |title=Bangladesh - Storm. DHA Information Report No. 7 - Bangladesh {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/bangladesh-storm-dha-information-report-no-7 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> the [[2009 Angola, Namibia and Zambia floods|2009 Namibia floods]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-31 |title=Namibia: Breweries donates to flood victims - Namibia {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/namibia/namibia-breweries-donates-flood-victims |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> the [[2015 European migrant crisis]] via the [[Croatian Red Cross]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-01 |title=Croatia: Population Movement Emergency Plan of Action Operation update n° 1 - Croatia {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/croatia/croatia-population-movement-emergency-plan-action-operation-update-n-1 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> and in 2017 to [[Refugees of South Sudan|South Sudanese refugees]] via the [[Sudanese Red Crescent]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-19 |title=Sudan: Population Movement Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) MDRSD022 - Final Report - Sudan {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-population-movement-emergency-plan-action-epoa-mdrsd022-final-report |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> Humanitarian aid has also been reported in local news outlets in [[Florida]] (USA) during [[Hurricane Ian]],<ref>{{Cite web |title='We didn't let anything stop us': Nonprofit feeds thousands after Hurricane Ian |url=https://www.marconews.com/story/news/2022/10/07/tony-mansolillo-his-mission-feed-has-gained-new-import-since-ian/8205372001/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Marco Island Florida |language=en-US}}</ref> 2011 flood victims in [[Belize]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2012 |title=International Organization Donates Flood Relief |url=https://www.7newsbelize.com/sstory.php?nid=22953 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=www.7newsbelize.com}}</ref> 2018 [[2018 Northern Province floods (Sri Lanka)|Northern Province floods]] in Sri Lanka,<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=385 More Jaffna Families with Army Initiative Get More Relief Packs, Each worth Thousands {{!}} Sri Lanka Army |url=https://www.army.lk/news/385-more-jaffna-families-army-initiative-get-more-relief-packs-each-worth-thousands? |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=www.army.lk}}</ref> 2020 [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid-19]] support for [[Ghana Red Cross Society]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2011 |title=Kwaebibirem flood victims receive relief items |work=ModernGhana.com |url=https://www.modernghana.com/blogs/354844/kwaebibirem-flood-victims-receive-relief-items.html |access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2020 |title=COVID-19: Ghana Red Cross Society Receives US$150,000.00 from Supreme Master Ching Hai |url=https://thenewindependentonline.com/2020/06/27/covid-19-ghana-red-cross-society-receives-us150000-00-from-supreme-master-ching-hai/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=The New Independent Online |language=en-US}}</ref> 2022 [[2022 India–Bangladesh floods|Assam floods]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-08-28 |title=Flood Relief: Guwahati, August 2022 |url=https://media.belurmath.org/flood-relief-guwahati-august-2022-9009/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=[[Ramakrishna Mission]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In Taiwan, Hai has been active in [[Homeless street outreach]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-09 |title=清海無上師世界會贈冬衣 盼新北街友穿新衣禦寒 |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E6%B8%85%E6%B5%B7%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%AB%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%83%E8%B4%88%E5%86%AC%E8%A1%A3-%E7%9B%BC%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%97%E8%A1%97%E5%8F%8B%E7%A9%BF%E6%96%B0%E8%A1%A3%E7%A6%A6%E5%AF%92-173558335.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Yahoo News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=自由時報電子報 |date=2018-08-06 |title=清海無上師世界會 捐洗澡車助街友 - 生活 |url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/2510801 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=自由時報電子報 |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-06 |title=屏縣遊民收容所歲末年終關懷 邀街友團圓迎新年 |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%B1%8F%E7%B8%A3%E9%81%8A%E6%B0%91%E6%94%B6%E5%AE%B9%E6%89%80%E6%AD%B2%E6%9C%AB%E5%B9%B4%E7%B5%82%E9%97%9C%E6%87%B7-%E9%82%80%E8%A1%97%E5%8F%8B%E5%9C%98%E5%9C%93%E8%BF%8E%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4-184300541.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Yahoo News |language=en}}</ref> In 2018 Lu Wei-Ching, [[deputy mayor]] of [[New Taipei City]] stated that "the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association has always paid attention to the disadvantaged, and usually donates all kinds of clothes and shoes to the homeless.".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-06 |title=宗教團體再捐街友洗澡車 盼「洗盡前塵、重新出發」 |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94%E5%86%8D%E6%8D%90%E8%A1%97%E5%8F%8B%E6%B4%97%E6%BE%A1%E8%BB%8A-%E7%9B%BC-%E6%B4%97%E7%9B%A1%E5%89%8D%E5%A1%B5-%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E5%87%BA%E7%99%BC-093632825.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Yahoo News |language=en}}</ref> Hai's website chronologically lists 1663 overall donations and instances of humanitarian aid between the years 1989 to 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Humanitarian Relief Activities by the Supreme Master Ching Hai and Her International Association |url=http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/humanitarian/index1.php?Page=1&RowsOfPage=1000&nation=All&category=All&keyword= |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw}}</ref> |
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However, Ching Hai has said, "It’s not that I invented the Quan Yin Method; I just know it. This method has existed since the beginning of time, when the universe was first formed. And it will always exist. It is not a method; it is like the way of the universe, a universal law that we must follow if we want to get back to the Origin, back to our true Self, back to the Kingdom of God or our Buddha nature. And whoever knows them is only discovering, not inventing. If we discover them and follow them, the result is very precise. The Quan Yin Method is a flawless way. It belongs to God; it belongs to everyone."<ref>{{cite news |
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| author = Supreme Master Ching Hai |
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| title = Master's Words: The Quan Yin Method is an Eternal Universal Law |
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| publisher = Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association Publishing Co Ltd |
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| date = [[1998-12-17]] |
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| url = http://godsdirectcontact.us/sm21/enews/www/178/}}</ref> |
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Hai has created a series of awards under the [[Umbrella title]] "World Shining Awards",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-01 |title=Good deed earns an award |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/northland-age/news/a-love-of-animals-shared/HF6HWIXQEIONIVKYYFRITVA2KM/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Animal water bowl project wins big award |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2020/dec/19/animal-water-bowl-project-wins-big-award-2238177.html |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=The New Indian Express|date=19 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-11-16 |title=Animal rights group wins award |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-11-16/animal-rights-group-wins-award/1143472 |access-date=2023-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-24 |title=Sebbie Hall: Teenager's daily acts of kindness lead to foundation launch |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-59668942 |access-date=2023-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shining World Awards |url=http://award.godsdirectcontact.net/en/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=award.godsdirectcontact.net}}</ref> "...to recognize some of the most exemplary, generous, caring, and courageous people who walk amongst us and go beyond the call of duty to help others unconditionally".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-21 |title=Couple from Srinagar bags Shining World Compassion Award for rehabilitation of animals |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/srinagar/couple-from-srinagar-bags-shining-world-compassion-award-for-rehabilitation-of-animals |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tan |first=Annabel |date=10 March 2021 |title=Power to the People |url=https://www.prestigeonline.com/sg/people/power-to-the-people-dipa-swaminathan-of-its-raining-raincoats-on-supporting-migrant-workers/ |access-date=18 May 2024 |work=[[Prestige Hong Kong]]}}</ref> A representative of Hai Association stated to [[The Washington Post]] that "An association committee selects individuals and organizations for donations based on their efforts to help others....Hai provides the money for the awards from the proceeds of her businesses, which include jewelry, clothing and vegetarian restaurants".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Terhune |first=Virginia |date=2012-02-29 |title=Bowie teacher receives $10,000 for work in Gambia |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/bowie-teacher-receives-10000-for-work-in-gambia/2012/02/28/gIQAuuO7hR_story.html |access-date=2023-05-27 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> |
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Followers of the Quan Yin method contend that a true living master's teachings and methods are fundamentally similar since ancient times. This method depends on the living master and it emerges in every generation at different place. |
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Award recipients included organizations such as the [[Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa)]] of its efforts to protect [[Pinniped|Seals]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2011-08-26 |title=SA recognised for seal protection |url=https://brandsouthafrica.com/105243/seals-260811/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=BrandSouthAfrica.com |language=en-ZA}}</ref> the [[Iranian Red Crescent Society]], for its humanitarian aid to victims of the [[2008 Sichuan earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-12 |title=IRCS received 'Shining World Compassion Award' |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/182362/IRCS-received-Shining-World-Compassion-Award |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Tehran Times |language=en}}</ref> and [[International Animal Rescue|International Animal Rescue Indonesia]] for its work saving critically endangered orangutans in [[Borneo]], [[Deforestation in Indonesia|protecting rainforest]] habitats and encouraging sustainable community development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IAR Indonesia receives award for compassionate conservation from international humanitarian organisation |url=https://www.internationalanimalrescue.org/news/iar-indonesia-receives-award-compassionate-conservation-international-humanitarian-organisation |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=International Animal Rescue |language=en}}</ref> Or to individuals, such as a young boy from [[Ohio]] who bought special [[Cape (dog)|harnesses]] to [[Police dog]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Alicia |last1=Barrera |first2=Steven |last2=Chavez |date=2021-01-28 |title=11-year-old Ohio boy raises money, buys vests for SAPD K9 officers worth over $21,000 |url=https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2021/01/28/11-year-old-ohio-boy-raises-money-buys-vests-for-sapd-k9-officers-worth-total-of-10000/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=KSAT |language=en}}</ref> a lady from India for inventing non violent [[silk]] [[saris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Art of making 'non-violent' silk saris |url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Innovation/299/silk-sans-guilt.html |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=www.theweekendleader.com |language=English}}</ref> |
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In the book ''The Key of Immediate Enlightenment'', it is claimed that those who recite her name would become elevated.<ref>{{cite news |
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|last = Chan |
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|first = Charmaine |
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|title =Cult branches spread worldwide |
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|work = South China Morning Post |
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|page = 7 |
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|date= [[1999-01-03]] |
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}} |
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</ref> |
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==Quan Yin method== |
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===Politics=== |
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Ching Hai first demonstrated the "Immeasurable Light Meditation Center and the Way of Sound Contemplation" or Quan Yin method of meditation in Miaoli, Taiwan.<ref name=thornton08/> |
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In 1996 Ching Hai asked her followers to contribute money to the [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] Presidential Legal Expense Trust after a meeting with [[Charlie Trie]]; the donations were eventually returned.<ref name="jackson"/> The [[Taiwan]] government also investigated her organization for "alleged fund-raising improprieties," which includes a $2 million transfer outside of the country.<ref name="chua"/> But nothing unlawful was found and the case closed without prosecution. |
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The method involves meditation on the "inner light and the inner sound" of [[God]] or the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]. Ching Hai claims that the [[Bible]] acknowledged the existence of this method: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” ([[John 1:1]]) and that this Word is the Inner Sound.<ref name=":0" /> Hai states that it has been repeatedly re-used by most major religions.<ref name="young"/> As an example, in Buddhism, she refers to the [[Śūraṅgama Sūtra]], [[Nāda yoga#Primary literature|where Avalokitesvara says]] that he attained [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]] through concentration on the subtle inner sound, and then Buddha asserts "That is how enlightenment is won. Buddhas as many as the [[Ganges]]’ sand entered this one gateway to [[Nirvana (Buddhism)|Nirvana]]. All past [[Tathāgata|Tathagatas]] have achieved this method. All [[Bodhisattva]]s now enter this perfection. All who practice in the future should rely on this [[Dharma#Buddhism|Dharma]].”.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Traces of Quan Yin in Religion - Contemplation on the Inner Heavenly Sound, Part 1 of 3 - English|url=https://suprememastertv.com/en1/v/130985368178.html#:~:text=All%20Bodhisattvas%20now%20enter%20this,should%20rely%20on%20this%20Dharma.%E2%80%9D&text=%E2%80%9CThus%20the%20LOGOS%20OF%20THE,It%20supports%20the%20All.|access-date=2022-02-09|website=suprememastertv.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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The Quan Yin method "Full Initiation" involves a life-long commitment to a [[vegan]] diet, adherence to the [[Five Precepts]] of [[Buddhism]] and at least two hours meditation daily. "Quick initiation" or "Convenient Method", requires a half hour's meditation daily and abstinence from meat for ten days each month.<ref name="hughes" /> |
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A 2015 [[Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada]] [[Research report]] states "Sources characterize Guanyin Famen [Quan Yin] as a Buddhist group ([[Dui Hua Foundation]] 29 Aug. 2013; US 10 Oct. 2009, 115) or a "Taiwan-based sect" of Buddhism (ibid.)".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Immigration and Refugee Board of |date=2018-06-05 |title=Responses to Information Requests |url=https://irb.gc.ca:443/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=456054&pls=1 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=irb.gc.ca |language=en}}</ref> |
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Thailand [[Mahidol University International College]] [[comparative religion]] studies [[syllabus]] classifies Hai's [[sect]] as a [[Sociological classifications of religious movements|Religious movement]] within [[Mahayana|Mahayana Buddhism]], alongside [[Thích Nhất Hạnh]] and [[Tzu Chi]] movements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heikkilä-Horn |first=Marja-Leena |title=ICIR 216 Religious Movements and Diversity in Asia |url=https://muic.mahidol.ac.th/eng/wp-content/syllabus/ICIR_216.pdf |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=muic.mahidol.ac.th}}</ref> |
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[[Transpersonal psychology|Transpersonal psychologist]] and [[Advaita Vedanta]] scholar Timothy Conway writes "While she was in deep [[Retreat (spiritual)|spiritual retreat]] in the [[Indian Himalayan Region|Indian Himalayas]], under a very old teacher who evidently taught the way of [[Surat Shabd Yoga|Surat Sabda Yoga]] (as found in the [[Radha Soami|Radhasoāmi]] tradition)", this final [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]] evidently dawned. After her breakthrough, Ching Hai continued to practice deep meditation for many months, then went to Taiwan". Conway lists Hai in the "Women of Buddhism" section of his Narrative Encyclopedic [[Sourcebook]] "Women of Spirit: Saints, Teachers, Healers, Sisterhoods and Goddesses of East and West".<ref name=":1" /> |
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The [[World Religions and Spirituality Project]] has written "Ching Hai’s teaching against violence towards animals is very similar to [[Sikhism]], but her meditation teachings resemble Buddhism, and her [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] background enables her to incorporate [[Bible study (Christianity)|Christian Bible teachings]] as well.".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=24 June 2001 |title=Suma Ching Hai |url=https://wrldrels.org/2016/10/08/suma-ching-hai/ |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=wrldrels.org}}</ref> |
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[[Religious studies]] scholar Jennifer Eichman notes that this particular meditation method is not part of the standard Buddhist repertoire. Hai's modified synthesis of the method is primarily in Christian-Buddhist jargon with a sprinkling of Hindu ideas. Ching Hai is more likely to cite the Bible than Hindu texts. Ching Hai claims, following standard [[Zen]] doctrine, that everyone is the Buddha; they simply need to realize this fact. In a departure from Christian doctrine, Ching Hai claims that God is not the creator of humans; rather [[Karma in Buddhism|karmic]] accumulation is responsible for the repeated transmigration of the soul.<ref name="eichman">{{cite journal |last1=Eichman |first1=Jennifer |title=Prominent Nuns: Influential Taiwanese Voices |journal=[[CrossCurrents]] |date=2011 |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=345–373 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1388514 |access-date=4 February 2020 |language=en |issn=0011-1953|doi=10.1111/j.1939-3881.2011.00187.x |s2cid=170393485 }}</ref> |
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Korean [[Brain & Body|Dahnhak]] [[Qigong]] expert Kim Tae-young, author of the popular ''Leading Experience'' guidebooks (in Korean) — published in 102 volumes since 1990,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Park |first1=Sung-Man |title=Caring for the Body and Minds (originally in Korean) |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=ko&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fm.skyedaily.com%2Fnews_view.html%3FID%3D8584 |access-date=7 February 2020 |publisher=SkyeDaily.com |date=24 February 2013}}</ref> has written in ''Leading Experience'' vol 37 (1997) that ''Quan Chi'' (concentrating on [[Qi|Chi]]) and ''Quan Nian'', (observing [[concept]]ions) are more familiar terms than the term ''Quan Yin'' (observation of the inner vibration). Kim at that time; an initiate of Hai's "Convenient Method" explains "Quan Yin signifies the practice of observing sound in the literal sense. It is not the crude vibratory sound of matter we hear from the outside, but the deepest inner sound heard from the real self and the Truth". Regarding Hai's [[Lineage (Buddhism)|Master lineage]], Kim stated: Ching Hai rarely speaks about her Master ''Khuda Ji''.<ref name=taeyoung2>{{cite news |title=Exchange Of Spirituality/The Supreme Master And The Quan Yin Method |url=http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/eng/news/97/n-1.htm |access-date=9 February 2020 |work=The Supreme Master Ching Hai News Magazine |issue=97 |date=October 1998 |archive-date=28 October 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028100927/http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/eng/news/97/n-1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=taeyoung1>{{cite news |title=Spiritual Interaction/The Supreme Master Ching Hai and The Quan Yin Method (continued) |url=http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/eng/news/98/p-1.htm |access-date=8 February 2020 |work=The Supreme Master Ching Hai News Magazine |issue=98 |date=November 1998 |archive-date=9 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109132950/http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/eng/news/98/p-1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Tae-young |title=Leading Experience 37 |date=15 November 1997 |publisher=Yurim Press |location=South Korea |isbn=8971620374 |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=ko&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.ne.kr%2Fpdt_detail.php%3Fcat_id%3D8%26pdt_no%3D11368 |access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> |
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In 1999, attending and reviewing ''Immediate Enlightenment, Eternal Liberation'' seminar In [[Ireland]], part of Ching Hai's 1999 European Lecture Tour,<ref>{{cite web |title=God's Direct contact/Supreme Master Ching Hai /Lecture Tours‧Spreading Peace and Love/European Lecture Tour in 1999/Ireland |url=https://www3.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/en2/smch/lecture-99u-18.php |website=God's Direct Contact |access-date=7 February 2020 |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207075942/https://www3.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/en2/smch/lecture-99u-18.php |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dominican Order]] [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|priest]] Louis Hughes, [[chairperson]] of ''Dialogue Ireland'' a [[Christian countercult movement|Christian countercult ministry]],<ref>{{cite news |title=The cult watchdog |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/the-cult-watchdog-1.258347 |access-date=7 February 2020 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=22 March 2000 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Garde |first1=Mike |title=Losing a friend to a cult is like a death in the family – with no funeral |url=https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/losing-a-friend-to-a-cult-is-like-a-death-in-the-family-with-no-funeral-29779566.html |access-date=7 February 2020 |work=[[Independent.ie]] |date=24 November 2013 |language=en |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207065259/https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/losing-a-friend-to-a-cult-is-like-a-death-in-the-family-with-no-funeral-29779566.html |url-status=live }}</ref> raises the question of the true origins of Ching Hai's teaching: "In a brief autobiography she [Hai] explains that her significant spiritual experience came about as a result of time spent in the [[Himalayas]] where she discovered 'the Quan Yin Method and the Divine Transmission'. Nowhere in the movement's literature is any mention made of how she came upon this enlightenment. Enquiring from one of her [[retinue]] as to who Ching Hai's teacher was, yielded the vague reply. 'Khuda Ji – he lives in a cave in the Himalayas – maybe has left his body now.' Such [[Wikt:reticence|reticence]] in regards to the identity of one's initiating guru is quite unusual among [[East Asian religions|Oriental religious]] teachers".<ref name=hughes>{{cite news |title=Dialogue Ireland – Newsletter 11 – 1999 |url=https://dialogueireland.wordpress.com/1999/09/30/dialogue-ireland-newsletter-11-1999/ |access-date=7 February 2020 |work=Dialogue Ireland |date=30 September 1999 |language=en |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207065258/https://dialogueireland.wordpress.com/1999/09/30/dialogue-ireland-newsletter-11-1999/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Religious studies scholars, [[Michael York (religious studies scholar)|Michael York]] and others, include Ching Hai in the Indian [[contemporary Sant Mat movements]], where the method is called [[Surat Shabd Yoga]]. While adhering to formless devotion ([[Para Brahman#Advaita Vedanta - Nirguna Brahman|Nirguna Brahman]]), the initiation of the method from a lineage guru or master is paramount.<ref>{{cite book |last1=York |first1=Michael |title=Pagan Mysticism: Paganism as a World Religion |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-2308-1 |page=77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgR_DwAAQBAJ&q=%22ching+hai%22&pg=PA77 |access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref><ref name="JonesRyan">{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Jones |given=Constance A. |surname2=Ryan |given2=James D. |title=Sant Mat movement |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url={{Google books|OgMmceadQ3gC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=2007 |place=New York |publisher=Facts On File |isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9 |series=Encyclopedia of World Religions. [[J. Gordon Melton]], Series Editor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020070415/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |archive-date=20 October 2022 |url-status=bot: unknown |page=384 |access-date=13 January 2022 }}</ref> Professor of religious studies at the [[University of Lancaster]] [[Christopher Partridge]] wrote that Ching Hai visited India and was initiated by [[Thakar Singh]], a [[Kirpal Singh#Ruhani Satsang|Ruhani Satsang]] Sant Mat master.<ref name=partridge/><ref name="JonesRyan" /> Investigator [[Terry Lenzner]] reported in the 1996 [[Committee on Governmental Affairs]] "Hue [Ching Hai] reportedly hid her association with Thakar Singh when she arrived in Taiwan in October 1983 because it would have prevented her from becoming fully [[Ordination#Buddhism|ordained]] in the Buddhist order".<ref>{{cite book |title=Investigation of Illegal Or Improper Activities in Connection with the 1996 Federal Election Campaign: Hearings Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session |date=1998 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=320 |isbn=9780160561672 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLX9G0CJDqIC&q=Singh+thakar&pg=RA2-PA149 |access-date=2020-02-06}}</ref> Professor of philosophy [[David C. Lane]], a controversial disciple of [[Charan Singh (Sant)|Charan Singh]] a [[Radha Soami Satsang Beas]] Sant Mat Master,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bellamy |first1=Dodie |title=The fraud that is Eckankar |url=https://m.sandiegoreader.com/news/1995/jun/22/cover-fraud-eckankar/ |access-date=2020-02-07 |work=[[San Diego Reader]] |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207021034/https://m.sandiegoreader.com/news/1995/jun/22/cover-fraud-eckankar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> stated in his 2017 essay "Studying Cults, A Forty-Year Reflection" that "Ching Hai, tried to deny for many years her close association with the notorious shabd yoga guru, Thakar Singh, since she didn't want to be tainted by her former guru's sexual exploits".<ref>{{cite web |last=Lane |first=David |authorlink=David C. Lane |title=Studying Cults, A Forty-Year Reflection |url=http://www.integralworld.net/lane125.html |website=Integral World |access-date=2020-02-06 |archive-date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206183948/http://www.integralworld.net/lane125.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lane |first1=David |title=David Lane explains why he meditates |url=https://hinessight.blogs.com/church_of_the_churchless/2015/09/david-lane-explains-why-he-meditates.html?cid=6a00d83451c0aa69e201bb0873ab8d970d#comment-6a00d83451c0aa69e201bb0873ab8d970d |website=HinesSight.blog.com |access-date=2020-02-06}}</ref> |
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In an article titled "The Master from the Himalayan Cloud" published in ''Supreme Master Ching Hai News Magazine'' vol 79 (February 1997), Ching Hai stated while she did practice ''surat shabd yoga'' and attended different [[ashram]]s in the past, the master who gave her the final and breakthrough transmission was a master she called Khuda Ji, whom she encountered on a her spiritual journey in the [[Himalayas]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hai |first1=Ching |title=The Master from the Himalayan Cloud |url=http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/eng/news/79/p-1.htm |access-date=3 November 2020 |work=The Supreme Master Ching Hai News Magazine |issue=79 |date=February 1997}}</ref> |
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=== Ban in China === |
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{{See also|Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party}} |
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The Quan Yin method and Ching Hai's group is banned in China since 1995.<ref name="blacklist">{{Cite web|last=Irons|first=Edward A|date=October 15, 2018|title=China's Blacklist of Forbidden Religions - The Chinese Communist Party's War on Religious Liberty|url=https://foref-europe.org/blog/2018/10/15/chinas-blacklist-of-forbidden-religions/}}</ref><ref name="thornton08" /> In 1996, authorities discovered a list of several thousand practitioners. "Following an investigation into the sect, its beliefs, and activities, party authorities concluded that the organization was fundamentally anti-communist and labeled it a 'reactionary religious organization.{{'"}}<ref name="thornton08" /> |
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The Chinese government labeled the group as [[xiejiao]], roughly translating to "evil cult" but clarified in 2000 as meaning any group that:{{blockquote| |
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a. establishes an illegal organization in the name of religion, qigong, etc.;<br/> |
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b. [[Apotheosis|deifies]] its leaders;<br/> |
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c. initiates and spreads superstitions and heterodox beliefs;<br/> |
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d. utilizes various means to fabricate and spread superstitions and heterodox [or cultic] beliefs to excite doubts and deceive the people, and recruit and control its members by various means;<br/> |
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e. engages in disturbing social order in an organized manner that brings injury to the lives and properties of the citizens.<ref name=blacklist />}} |
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Further, in 2017 the China Anti-Cult website listed Guanyin method as one of eleven "dangerous groups".<ref name="blacklist" /> |
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In 2002, the manager of the Wuhan Zhongzhi Electric Testing Equipment Company was accused by the Chinese authorities of using the business as a cover to "support [[Heresy|heresies]]" associated with the Quan Yin method.<ref name="thornton08" /> The enterprise supported thirty practitioners who "masqueraded as employees and business associates." The manager was charged with using the company's offices and buildings as "retreat sites", organizing "initiations" and "screenings" to recruit members, and illegally printing and distributing more than 6,000 copies of heretical texts.<ref name="thornton08" /> |
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=== Ban in Vietnam === |
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{{See also|Freedom of religion in Vietnam}}''The Vietnamese'' Magazine's Religion Bulletin – January 2020, states "The Vietnamese government views all developing religions today as heresy". Methods of suppression: preventing proselytization, imprisoning proselytizers, forcing citizens to sign vows to abandon their religion.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-05-13 |title=Religion Bulletin – January 2020 |url=https://www.thevietnamese.org/2020/05/religion-bulletin-january-2020/ |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=The Vietnamese Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoang |first=Chung |date=2013-05-24 |title=New Religious Movements in Vietnamese Media Discourse since 1986: A Critical Approach |url=https://journal.equinoxpub.com/JASR/article/view/2289 |journal=[[Journal for the Academic Study of Religion|Australian Religion Studies Review]] |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=293–315 |doi=10.1558/arsr.v25i3.293}}</ref> |
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According to an official statement by Vietnamese authorities: |
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{{blockquote| |
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“Activities spreading superstition affect the social fabric. They have the clearest and broadest influence on the population in places where these new religions (heresy, strange faiths) appear: Supreme Master Ching Hai, Long Hoa Maitreya, Treasured Temple of the Three Religions, Protestant Word of Life…”}} |
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A publication of the [[Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Propaganda Committee]] divided these “heretical religions” into three groups. The first two groups included religions that sprung up locally from [[Protestantism in Vietnam|Protestant]] foundations and Buddhist foundations. The third group contains those religions that were imported from overseas, such as Supreme Master Ching Hai.<ref name=":2" /> |
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==Controversies== |
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In ''Uncompleted [[Transitional justice|Transitional Justice]] in Taiwan: Repression of Religious and Spiritual Minorities and the Tai Ji Men Case,'' Associate professor of [[Business administration]] at [[Shih Chien University]], Cheng-An Tsai wrote "After 1987 [in Taiwan], a [[Politics of the Republic of China|post-authoritarian regime]] followed, which proclaimed religious liberty but still persecuted religious movements perceived as hostile to the ruling party. In 1996, after the [[1996 Taiwanese presidential election|first direct presidential election]], the Taiwanese government launched a [[Purge|political purge]], targeting religious and spiritual groups that did not show support for the president in power during the election. The crackdown hit several of the largest religious movements active in Taiwan, including [[Fo Guang Shan]], [[Chung Tai Shan]], Tai Ji Men, the Taiwan [[Zen|Zen Buddhist]] Association, the [[Sung Chi-li|Sung Chi-Li]] Miracle Association, and later Guanyin Famen [Ching Hai Association]".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tsai |first=Cheng-An |date=2021-09-20 |title=Uncompleted Transitional Justice in Taiwan: Repression of Religious and Spiritual Minorities and the Tai Ji Men Case |url=https://doi.org/10.26338/tjoc.2021.5.5.5 |journal=The Journal of CESNUR |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=68–93 |doi=10.26338/tjoc.2021.5.5.5 |issn=2532-2990}}</ref> Cheng-An Tsai added " [[Liao Cheng-hao|Liao Zheng-Hao]] Minister of Justice, actively carried out the “religious crackdown” to purge dissidents including: investigations, tax inspections by the [[Taxation Administration|National Taxation Bureau]], assets seizure, demolitions of “illegal” structures, and exorbitant fines. This elaborate campaign required the mobilization of a large number of media, judicial organs, national tax authorities, and so on. [[Apostasy#Other religious movements|Angry ex-members]] were encouraged to make vague accusations, each of which guaranteed a good three weeks of media headlines. The crackdown was supported by the media, most of which were not independent from the ruling politicians.".<ref>{{Cite web |title=台灣未完成的轉型正義:受壓迫的宗教心靈少數派與太極門案 |url=http://www.act1219.org/internation-article-01.php?id=163313376000090 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=平反1219行動聯盟}}</ref> In 2019, speaking in a freedom of religion conference in Taiwan, Li Jianzhong [[Judge]] and president of the [[Shilin District|Shilin]] [[District court (Taiwan)|District court]] in Taipe, mentioned that the series of religious suppression incidents in 1996, of Song Qili, Miaotian, Taijimen, Supreme Master Ching Hai, and many other groups that have been targeted: Some lawsuits have been going on for more than 20 years. "They have been prosecuted for "[[fraud]]" related to criminal matters. After careful judicial trials, all of them were found not guilty".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-03-20 |title=【新聞】台灣宗教自由與國際接軌 首當其衝做好人權保障 |url=https://fightforfair.tax/2019/03/20/%e3%80%90%e6%96%b0%e8%81%9e%e3%80%91%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e5%ae%97%e6%95%99%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e8%88%87%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b%e6%8e%a5%e8%bb%8c-%e9%a6%96%e7%95%b6%e5%85%b6%e8%a1%9d%e5%81%9a%e5%a5%bd%e4%ba%ba/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=法稅改革聯盟 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> [[SET News]] reported that in 1996 [[Miaoli County Government|Miaoli County government]] demolished an illegal building in Hai's meditation center and that it was searched by prosecutors and police on a large scale, but in the end she was not prosecuted due to insufficient evidence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=三立新聞網 |date=2019-10-08 |title=起底清海無上師!涉斂財…離台 反造就她事業遍布全球 {{!}} 社會 {{!}} 三立新聞網 SETN.COM |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=615076 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.setn.com |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref> [[Eastern Broadcasting Company|ETtoday]] quoted Hai followers stating "Why did the investigation bureau spend so much manpower, but finally closed the case? because there was no victim".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-10-08 |title=清海無上師背景曝!來台5天「觀音法門」賺破億 信徒:她充滿愛力 {{!}} ETtoday生活新聞 {{!}} ETtoday新聞雲 |url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20191008/1552145.htm |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.ettoday.net |language=zh-Hant}}</ref> |
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In 1996 Hai's [[Americans|American]] followers<ref>{{Cite web |last=Public Eye |first=Metroactive News & Issues |date=December 1996 |title=Supreme Ordeal |url=https://www.metrosiliconvalley.com/papers/metro/12.19.96/public-eye-9651.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=[[Metro Silicon Valley]]}}</ref> donated $640,000 to [[Bill Clinton]]'s Presidential [[Legal defense fund|Legal Defense Fund]] which the trust returned. Following the [[1996 United States campaign finance controversy]] the fund took caution to what it deemed "suspicious" funding sources.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1997-08-01 |title=SECT LEADER BADGERED FOLLOWERS FOR CLINTON AID |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-01-9708010081-story.html |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Chicago Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AllPolitics - Ching Hai Interview - Jan. 9, 1997 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/01/09/ching.hai/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref> Mark Csikszentmihalyi, Professor & [[Chairperson|Chair]] of [[International relations|International studies]] at [[University of California, Berkeley|UC, Berkeley]] wrote "Are donations from charismatic Buddhists one whit more threatening than those from [[Pat Robertson]]?" Csikszentmihalyi described the alleged controversy as [[scapegoating]] members of minority religious groups in order to divert attention from the real problem of [[Campaign finance|money in politics]].".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Csikszentmihalyi |first=Mark |date=1997-01-25 |title=WE DON'T FAIRLY COMPARE POLITICAL DONORS\ |url=https://greensboro.com/we-dont-fairly-compare-political-donors/article_fb1b0446-bede-5b31-98b8-c99f24bca419.html |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=[[News & Record|Greensboro News and Record]] |language=en}}</ref> |
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In 2003, park rangers discovered a man-made island and a {{convert|330|ft|m|adj=mid}} long boardwalk that had been illegally constructed in [[Biscayne National Park]] in [[Florida]] from Ching Hai's property just inland of the shoreline. The estimated cost to remove the boardwalk, [[Mangrove restoration|restore]] the damaged [[Florida mangroves|mangrove forest]], and remove the several tons of limestone boulders from the environmentally sensitive [[seagrass bed]], was US$1 million. [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade]] seized the property of Ching Hai, known locally under the pseudonym Celestia De Lamour, to help recover the costs of restoration. The following year, park workers demolished the boardwalk and replanted between 400 and 500 [[mangrove]] trees in the area. The artificial island of boulders remained due to lack of funding to hire a barge, which would cost several hundred thousand dollars. According to the Miami Herald, "Federal agencies still hope to recoup costs from the landowner, but investigators say she and her workers have left the country."<ref name="miami3">{{cite news |date=26 March 2004 |title=Park service to eliminate island |work=The Washington Times |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/mar/16/20040316-115047-8380r/?page=3 |url-status=usurped |access-date=14 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104110144/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/mar/16/20040316-115047-8380r/?page=3 |archive-date=4 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="independent3">{{cite news |date=28 March 2004 |title=A mystery in Miami as sect leader and an instant island disappear |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/a-mystery-in-miami-as-sect-leader-and-an-instant-island-disappear-567888.html|url-status=live |access-date=24 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514145939/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/a-mystery-in-miami-as-sect-leader-and-an-instant-island-disappear-567888.html |archive-date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="palmetto3">{{cite news |last=Morgan|first=Curtis |date=24 March 2004 |title=Park removes access to illegal bay island |work=The Miami Herald }}</ref> Removing mangroves without a permit is prohibited in Florida and carries a fine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.floridabar.org/the-florida-bar-journal/man-let-em-grow-the-state-of-florida-mangrove-laws/ |title=Man Let 'em Grow: The State of Florida Mangrove Laws |first=Kellyalexis|last=Fisher |date=1998 |publisher=Florida Bar Journal}}</ref> Conversely, in 2010, when the [[Woodland Trust]] received a £100,000 donation from Hai's foundation in order to conserve an area of [[Snowdonia]] woodland in [[Wales]], and was challenged about the Florida Mangroves incident and criticism, Woodland Trust Spokesperson stated "...the Woodland Trust has procedures to rigorously check out all high value donations against key criteria pertaining to legality and Trust policy.” and that "the Trust always investigated corporate donors to safeguard its reputation. It found nothing untoward about Ching Hai, neither did the group request publicity."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-10-23 |title=Spiritual leader gives £100,000 to save valley |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/spiritual-leader-gives-100000-save-2078161 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=WalesOnline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-14 |title=Cult took my wife – now it's funding a woodland in North Wales |url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/local-news/cult-took-wife--now-2755615 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=North Wales Live |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Awards== |
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*'''1993''' – [[Frank Fasi]], mayor of Honolulu, presented Hai with honorary citizenship.<ref>{{cite news |language = zh-tw |title= 檀香山市長代表美國政府頒贈 清海無上師 國際和平獎.榮譽公民和銅像 |newspaper= 聯合報 |location= 台灣台北 |date= 9 November 1993 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language = zh-tw |author=記者劉乃游專訪 |title= 清海無上師獲國際和平和平獎 赴美賑災行善獲美政府 頒贈榮譽公民並豎像 |newspaper= 中央日報 |location= 台灣台北 |date= 6 November 1993 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language = zh-tw |title= 清海無上師榮獲國際和平獎 |newspaper= 高雄晚報 |location= 台灣台北 |date= 6 November 1993 }}</ref> |
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*'''1994''' – World Humanitarian Leadership Award, presented by Barbara Finch, chair of the International Federation for Human Rights.<ref>{{cite news |language = zh-tw |author=記者陳碧華、李彥甫 |title= 談到同胞苦難 她三度淚下 國際人權大會 清海無上師致詞感人 |newspaper= 聯合報 |location= 台灣台北 |date= 26 May 1994 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language = zh-tw |author=記者李秀姬 |title= 國際人權聯盟發表人權宣言 立委建議 福爾摩沙收容悠樂難民 |newspaper= 自由時報 |location= 台灣台北 |date= 26 May 1994 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language = zh-tw |title= 重申國際正義人道精神 國際人權大會發表人權宣言 |newspaper= 中國晚報 |location= 台灣台北 |date= 29 May 1994 }}</ref> |
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*'''1994''' – World Spiritual Leadership Award, presented by General Secretary Chen Hung Kwang of the World Cultural Communication Association.<ref>{{cite news |author= 台北訊 |language = zh-tw |title= 美國頒發世界精神領袖獎清海無上師 |newspaper= 聯合報 |location= 台灣 |date= 1 March 1994 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |language = zh-tw |title= 清海無上師榮獲世界精神領袖獎 |newspaper= 中央日報 |location=台灣 |date= 4 March 1994 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |language = zh-tw |title=清海無上師榮獲世界精神領袖獎 |newspaper= 中國時報 |location=台灣 |date= 7 March 1994 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= 台北訊 |language = zh-tw |title=清海大師獲「世界精神領袖獎」 |newspaper= 自由時報 |location=台灣 |date= 1 March 1994 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language = zh-tw |author=記者 黃宏玉/特稿 |title=清海無上師渡化眾生免除苦難實至名歸 |newspaper= 台灣公論報 |location=台灣 |date= 1 March 1994 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= 本報記者田人 |title= 美中西部六州聯合舉辦「清海日」 及贈送銅像晚會 場面盛大 氣氛莊嚴 近二千人出席大會 |newspaper= 美國芝加哥時報 |location= 美國 |date= 25 February 1994 }}</ref> |
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*'''2006''' – 27th Annual Telly Award Silver Winner for "The Peace Seeker" featuring Ching Hai's poetry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-11-12 |title=The 28th Annual TELLY Awards {{!}} Winners |url=http://www.tellyawards.com/winners/list/?l=S&pageNum_winners=1&totalRows_winners=56&event=7&category=1&award=S |access-date=2022-07-01 |archive-date=12 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112040139/http://www.tellyawards.com/winners/list/?l=S&pageNum_winners=1&totalRows_winners=56&event=7&category=1&award=S |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Peace Seeker |url=https://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/eng1/art/singing/poetry01.php |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw}}</ref> |
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*'''2006''' – [[Gusi Peace Prize]], presented by President of the Philippines [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.gusipeaceprizeint.org/past-laureates/ |title = Gusi Peace Prize International 2006 |date = 22 November 2006 |publisher = Gusi Peace Prize Foundation |language = en |access-date = 4 April 2020 |quote = Supreme Master Ching Hai (Vietnam) for Philanthropy |archive-date = 7 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200207215754/http://www.gusipeaceprizeint.org/past-laureates/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/369191/carlo-among-15-gusi-peace-prize-awardees |title = Carlo among 15 Gusi Peace Prize awardees |date = 17 November 2006 |publisher = philstar Global |language = en |access-date = 18 July 2017 |archive-date = 29 July 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729172200/http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/369191/carlo-among-15-gusi-peace-prize-awardees |url-status = live }}</ref> |
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==In popular culture== |
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Actress [[Joanna Ampil]] portrays Hai, in the 2011 [[Musical theatre|Musical]] "The Real Love". The musical follows Hai life in Germany from when she met her husband (portrayed by [[Adam Pascal]]), and her decision to follow her spiritual quest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gans |first=Andrew |date=2 August 2011 |title=Betty Buckley, Shirley Jones, Cady Huffman, Adam Pascal Set for The Real Love: A New Musical |work=[[Playbill]] |url=https://playbill.com/article/betty-buckley-shirley-jones-cady-huffman-adam-pascal-set-for-the-real-love-a-new-musical-com-181422 |access-date=29 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodis |first=Girlie |title=Joanna Ampil with Adam Pascal in musical concert The Real Love |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2011/09/27/730958/joanna-ampil-adam-pascal-musical-concert-real-love |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> |
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== Bibliography == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ |
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!Series / Category |
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!Title |
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!Year |
|||
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="7" |''The Key of Immediate Enlightenment'' |
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|The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 1 |
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|1989 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895432}} |
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|- |
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|The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 2 |
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|1991 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895111}} |
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|- |
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|The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 3 |
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|1992 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9789866895449}} |
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|- |
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|The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 4 |
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|1996 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895180}} |
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|- |
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|The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 5 |
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|1996 |
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|{{ISBN|9781886544550}} |
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|- |
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|The Key of Immediate Enlightenment Questions & Answers 1 |
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|1993 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9789866895432}} |
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|- |
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|The Key of Immediate Enlightenment Questions & Answers 2 |
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|2001 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9789866895333}} |
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|- |
|||
| rowspan="8" |''Spiritual'' |
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|Aphorisms I |
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|1995 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895364}} |
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|- |
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|I Have Come to Take You Home |
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|1995 |
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|{{ISBN|9789868263505}} |
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|- |
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|Secrets to Effortless Spiritual Practice |
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|2005 |
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|{{ISBN|9868106125}} |
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|- |
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|Of God and Humans—Insights from Bible Stories |
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|2006 |
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|{{ISBN|9868106168}} |
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|- |
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|The Realization of Health-Returning to the Natural and Righteous Way of Living |
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|2008 |
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|{{ISBN|9789868263536}} |
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|- |
|||
|Aphorisms II |
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|2013 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895654}} |
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|- |
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|Coloring Our Lives - Keys to Living a Beautiful Life |
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|2015 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895319}} |
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|- |
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|Love Is The Only Solution |
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|2021 |
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|{{ISBN|9780578960067}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="4" |''Noble Animals'' |
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|The Birds in My Life |
|||
|2007 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895142}} |
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|- |
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|The Dogs in My Life, Vol 1 |
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|2007 |
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|{{ISBN|9789868536791}} |
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|- |
|||
|The Dogs in My Life, Vol 2 |
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|2007 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895081}} |
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|- |
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|The Noble Wilds |
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|2008 |
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|{{ISBN|9789868415232}} |
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|- |
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| rowspan="6" |''Children'' |
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|Master Tells Stories |
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|1997 |
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|{{ISBN|9789868263567}} |
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|- |
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|God Takes Care of Everything |
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|2003 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895340}} |
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|- |
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|Your Halo Is Too Tight! |
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|2005 |
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|{{ISBN|9572824562}} |
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|- |
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|Mission on the Blue Water Planet (Digital) |
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|2013 |
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|<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=http://www.smchbooks.com/ebook/data/english/E-Mission%20on%20the%20BWP.pdf |title=Mission on the blue water planet |publisher=Love Ocean Creative International Co. |year=2013 |edition=1st}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|The Underground World of Mars (Digital) |
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|2013 |
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|<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=http://www.smchbooks.com/ebook/data/english/E-The%20Underground%20of%20Mars.pdf |title=The Underground World on Mars |publisher=Love Ocean Creative International Co. |year=2013 |edition=1st}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|Sunny the Fearless (Digital) |
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|2014 |
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|<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=http://www.smchbooks.com/ebook/data/english/E-SunnyFearless_Kindle.pdf |title=Sunny the Fearless |publisher=Love Ocean Creative International Co. |year=2014 |edition=1st}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| rowspan="8" |''Poetry'' |
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|Silent Tears<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=https://smchbooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=61_68&product_id=967 |title=Silent Tears |publisher=SMCHIA Publishing Co. |year=1988 |isbn=9789866895043 |edition=5th}}</ref> |
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|1998 |
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|{{ISBN|9789866895043}} |
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|- |
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|The Dream of A Butterfly<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=https://smchbooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=61_68&product_id=968 |title=The Dream of a Butterfly |publisher=SMCHIA Publishing Co. |year=2000 |isbn=9781886544451 |edition=2nd}}</ref> |
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|2000 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9781886544451}} |
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|- |
|||
|The Lost Memories<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=https://smchbooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=61_68&product_id=969 |title=The Lost Memories |publisher=SMCHIA Publishing Co. |year=2001 |isbn=9781886544321 |edition=1st}}</ref> |
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|2001 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9781886544321}} |
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|- |
|||
|Traces of Previous Lives<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=https://smchbooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=61_68&product_id=971 |title=Traces of Previous Lives |publisher=SMCHIA Publishing Co. |year=2002 |isbn=9781886544383}}</ref> |
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|2002 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9781886544383}} |
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|- |
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|The Old Time<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=https://smchbooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=61_68&product_id=970 |title=The Old Time |publisher=SMCHIA Publishing Co. |year=2003 |isbn=9781886544161}}</ref> |
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|2003 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9781886544161}} |
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|- |
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|Wu Tzu Poems<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=https://smchbooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=61_68&product_id=972 |title=Wu Tzu Poems |publisher=SMCHIA Publishing Co. |year=2005 |edition=2nd |isbn=9572824597}}</ref> |
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|2005 |
|||
|{{isbn|9572824597}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|Pebbles and Gold<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=https://smchbooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=61_68&product_id=966 |title=Pebbles and Gold |publisher=SMCHIA Publishing Co. |year=2006 |isbn=9789868263529 |edition=2nd}}</ref> |
|||
|2006 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9789868263529}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|The Love of Centuries<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ching |last=Hai |url=https://smchbooks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=61_68&product_id=952 |title=The Love of Centuries |publisher=SMCHIA Publishing Co. |year=2011 |isbn=9789866895463 |edition=1st}}</ref> |
|||
|2011 |
|||
|{{ISBN|9789866895463}} |
|||
|} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Cybersectarianism]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|group=note}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist}} |
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<references/> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
||
===Official websites=== |
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* [http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/eng/ Official Website] |
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* [http://www.quanyinonline.com/ Quan Yin Online] |
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* [http://www.suprememastertv.com/ Supreme Master Television] |
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{{commons category|Ching Hai}} |
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===Other links=== |
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*{{official website|http://www.godsdirectcontact.org.tw/eng/}} |
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* [http://www.letusreason.org/NAM29.htm Religious Analysis of Suma Ching Hai's teachings] |
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* [http://www.sharewarist.com/love/silent_tears.htm Meditation on Inner Light and Inner Sound] |
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* [http://www.godsdirectcontact.org/eng/faq.txt Frequently Asked Questions about the Quan Yin Method and Supreme Master Ching Hai] |
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* [http://ramsss.com/ching-hai/ Opposing Views on Supreme Master Ching Hai] |
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{{Modern Yoginis}} |
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{{Sant Mat}} |
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{{New Religious Movements}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ching, Hai}} |
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[[Category:1950 births]] |
[[Category:1950 births]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Hoa people]] |
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[[Category:People from Quảng Ngãi province]] |
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[[Category:British people of Vietnamese descent]] |
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[[Category:Vietnamese emigrants to the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:Founders of new religious movements]] |
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[[Category:Self-declared messiahs]] |
[[Category:Self-declared messiahs]] |
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[[Category:Shabda]] |
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[[Category:Women restaurateurs]] |
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[[zh:清海]] |
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[[Category:Veganism activists]] |
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[[Category:Vietnamese religious leaders]] |
Latest revision as of 14:52, 4 November 2024
Ching Hai | |
---|---|
Born | Hue Dang Trinh 12 May 1950 |
Nationality | British, formerly Vietnamese |
Known for | Spirituality, mysticism, poetry Entrepreneur |
Notable work | Book:The Key of Immediate Enlightenment, Supreme Master TV, Loving Hut |
Movement | Quan Yin Method |
Website | godsdirectcontact |
Supreme Master Ching Hai | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 清海無上師[1] | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 清海无上师 | ||||||
Literal meaning | Clear Ocean Immeasurable Teacher [note 1] | ||||||
| |||||||
Vietnamese name | |||||||
Vietnamese alphabet | Thanh Hải Vô Thượng Sư[2] |
Ching Hai (born Trịnh Đăng Huệ;[note 2] 12 May 1950), commonly referred to as Suma or Supreme Master Ching Hai, is a British citizen of Vietnamese descent; a humanitarian, philanthropist,[3][4][5][6] and the spiritual leader[7] of the Guanyin Famen (Chinese) or Quan Yin method transnational cybersect. The practice had existed predating the common usage of the internet.[7][8][9][10] Based out of Taiwan, she is estimated to have 2 million followers worldwide.[11][12] Ching Hai founded the Loving Hut vegan restaurant chain and vegan Celestial Shop fashion company under Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association.[13][14]
Life and career
[edit]Ching Hai was born to a Vietnamese mother and an ethnic Chinese father,[15] on 12 May 1950 in a small village in the Quảng Ngãi Province in Vietnam.[16] At the age of 18, she moved to England to study and later to France and then Germany, where she worked for the Red Cross.[17] In 1969, she began a relationship with a German scientist.[7][18] They married, but separated after two years to focus on spiritualism and she moved to India to study different religions.[16] In 1979, she met a Buddhist monk in Germany whom she followed for three years, but his monastery denied entry to women.[18]
Ching Hai attempted to buy a copy of the Bhagavad Gita from a bookshop near the Ganges. Despite the shopkeepers' assertions that they did not have a copy, an extensive search revealed one in a sealed box. This led to rumours of her having a third eye circulating by 1982.[8] In 1983, she met a Vietnamese Buddhist monk in Taiwan named Jing-Xing, who ordained her in 1984 as "Thanh Hai", meaning "pure ocean".[18]
According to her official biography, Ching Hai was born to a well-off naturopathic family in Âu Lạc, Hanoi, Vietnam. Though raised as a Roman Catholic, she learned the basics of Buddhism from her grandmother. A Himalayas spiritual teacher showed her a particular meditation method which she named Quan Yin method.[19]
According to Ting Jen-Chieh (Ding Renjie), assistant research fellow in the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, by the early 1990s Ching Hai was at odds with the Buddhist establishment in Taiwan. Rather than submit to their demands, she severed all connections to Buddhist organizations, abandoned the traditional robe, grew out her hair, dressed fashionably, and set out to create her own independent group.[20]
Currently, Ching Hai doesn't operate under the guise of traditional Buddhism. Her home page calls her "Supreme Master Ching Hai, a renowned humanitarian, artist, and spiritual leader" (lingxiu daoshi 領袖道士). Her current irreverence for religious traditions in general, have made her more synonymous to a Zen master.[20]
Transpersonal psychologist, Timothy Conway writes: "Though Ching Hai can be stern from time to time with her disciples, she often can be seen happily singing simple, romantic folksongs with them for hours at a time. This attractive blend of power and simplicity, virtue and joy, has many people revering Ching Hai as a manifestation of Guan-yin Bodhisattva".[21] Ching Hai calls her meditation method the Guan Yin (Chinese) or Quan Yin method because She gave her first public teachings in Taiwan. Quan Yin is a Chinese term that means "observation of the inner vibration".[22]
Her meditation centres in American cities such as Los Angeles benefit from tax-exempt status as religious organizations.[16] She presides over an organization which owns restaurants and sells her jewellery and clothes.[18]
Corporate operations
[edit]Ching Hai is the founder of the Loving Hut restaurant chain, which in 2017 had 200 locations in 35 countries worldwide.[23] The restaurants are run on a franchise basis, with devotees managing each one and most workers belonging to the movement.[24][25][26]
Her organization's numerous websites are offered in 17 languages. The Celestial Shop "includes a line of Celestial apparel and Celestial jewelry designed by the Master".[8]
Liam D. Murphy, professor of anthropology at California State has stated that "Ching Hai is a textbook example of what social scientists call a charismatic prophet" and that the abuse of power over her own members in loving hut is a hypothetical possibility “If anyone is in danger...it is usually their own members". Murphy states that the proper term for her movement is not “cult,” but more accurately a new religious movement".[27] The Database of Religious History (University of British Columbia), states regarding Ching Hai's movement "Does the religious group actively proselytize and recruit new members: No." with subject-matter expert, anthropologist Stephen Christopher commentating "Not really. Of course Ching Hai herself uses 24 hour satellite TV programming to reach out to potential new recruits. It is more often the case that among the Five Precepts the edict of veganism is most actively promoted as lifestyle worth spreading among non-believers".[28] Christopher writes "The debate about the legitimacy of Ching Hai largely plays out through cyber forums from YouTube videos to cult warning websites. Christian missionary groups are particularly interested in debunking Ching Hai even though they may have no direct contact with the organization. These online forums often devolve into misunderstanding and exaggeration and Ching Hai adherents often express hurt and disappointment when they discover such material. Conversely, some adherents have disaffiliated after encountering anti-Ching Hai material".[28]
In 2017, Yahoo.com reported that Chuck McLean, senior research fellow at GuideStar, reviewed the 990s of two of the largest American chapters of the group: Los Angeles, which reports over $1.2 million in assets-more than any other chapter in the US-and San Jose, the parent organization of more than a dozen chapters across the country. "Taking their Forms 990 at face value, it seems unlikely that anyone is enriching themselves financially through these organizations ... I don't know what the associated business interests are about, but it appears that they give almost all of their money to legitimate causes."[23]
International organizations
[edit]Ching Hai has founded organizations including the Supreme Master Ching Hai International, World Peace Media, Oceans of Love Entertainment and Supreme Master Television.
In late 2008, Ching Hai launched a media campaign in Australia and New Zealand asking people to "Be Green, Go Veg, Save the Planet".[29]
The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association has made submissions to the Garnaut Climate Change Review, advocating large cuts to livestock production. Hai is in favor of a meat tax.[30][31]
According to political scientist Patricia Thornton at the University of Oxford, the Ching Hai World Society's heavy reliance on the internet for text distribution, recruitment and information-sharing, marks the group as a transnational cybersect.[8] Thornton claimed that the source of income behind Hai's numerous business ventures is unknown[8] and that much of the media produced by her television programmes is heavily self-referential and promotional and aims to "build a public record of recognition for group activities."[8]
Anthropologist Saskia Abrahms-Kavunenko at Max Weber Center for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies stated that similar to Ravi Shankar movement, Ching Hai group generally don't self identify as a religion and are very ecumenical. Abrahms-Kavunenko has also noted that while in the field in Mongolia, Hai's group especially via Supreme Master Television 24 hour broadcast is influencing many Buddhists ideas on meditation and enlightenment, even though they are not sure of the authenticity of her claims.[32]
In Prominent Nuns: Influential Taiwanese Voices (CrossCurrents 2011), Religious studies Research associate Jennifer Eichman of the Centere of Buddhist Studies at SOAS University of London summarizes: While to some, Ching Hai's movement is considered Buddhist Heresy and to others a New Age religious organization. Accusations of being a Cult group have been made repeatedly over the years, especially in newspaper articles and by cult watchers. Ching Hai's response to this accusation is that participants were free to leave at any time.[20]
In Eichman's own view, as infuriating as Hai's persona, her materialism and unsystematic religious synthesizing is to the Taiwanese Buddhist community and to others who have called her a cult leader, when we set aside her Buddhist roots and compare her work to that of an ever-changing array of self-made gurus, spiritual guides and newly formed religions that make up the New Age marketplace, it becomes evident that Ching Hai's work is neither the most radical nor innovative. She states that the controversies swirling around Ching Hai should not stop us from noting just how gutsy it was for her to strike out on her own, and with her unusual prominence as a female spiritual leader, Ching Hai in effect demonstrates her ability to compete in a spiritual arena dominated largely by men. And we should be open to the idea that not all female leaders will remain within the religious mainstream.[20]
Humanitarian aid and philanthropy
[edit]A 1996 United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs report states "Published criticisms of Ching Hai generally fail to credit her organization's good works. Her members reportedly are active in many humanitarian and charitable causes...Ching Hai's greatest humanitarian activity continues to be working for the more than 20,000 Vietnamese refugees still in camps dispersed throughout Southeast Asia." The report also lists humanitarian aid to the victims of: 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, the Great Flood of 1993 in the United States and the 1995 food shortage crisis in Cambodia.[3] According to a report issued by the Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Hong Kong: Prior to the 1997 Handover of Hong Kong, Hai donated 6 million dollars to Vietnamese refugees and other people who needed help.[33]
Upon receiving the Gusi Peace Prize in 2006, Political journalist Fel Maragay wrote in the Manila Standard that while "to her disciples and admirers, she is a messenger from the world of spirituality who has set the directions their lives aright by teaching them “method of enlightenment” through meditation", to the people she provides humanitarian assistance; "she is a good Samaritan who has come to their succor during times of natural calamities. She has always carried out her charitable mission without fanfare in any country hit by major disasters.".[17]
ReliefWeb cites Hai Humanitarian aid to the victims of 1996 Bangladesh tornado,[34] the 2009 Namibia floods,[35] the 2015 European migrant crisis via the Croatian Red Cross[36] and in 2017 to South Sudanese refugees via the Sudanese Red Crescent.[37] Humanitarian aid has also been reported in local news outlets in Florida (USA) during Hurricane Ian,[38] 2011 flood victims in Belize[39] 2018 Northern Province floods in Sri Lanka,[40] 2020 Covid-19 support for Ghana Red Cross Society,[41][42] 2022 Assam floods in India.[43] In Taiwan, Hai has been active in Homeless street outreach.[44][45][46] In 2018 Lu Wei-Ching, deputy mayor of New Taipei City stated that "the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association has always paid attention to the disadvantaged, and usually donates all kinds of clothes and shoes to the homeless.".[47] Hai's website chronologically lists 1663 overall donations and instances of humanitarian aid between the years 1989 to 2018.[48]
Hai has created a series of awards under the Umbrella title "World Shining Awards",[49][50][51][52][53] "...to recognize some of the most exemplary, generous, caring, and courageous people who walk amongst us and go beyond the call of duty to help others unconditionally".[54][55] A representative of Hai Association stated to The Washington Post that "An association committee selects individuals and organizations for donations based on their efforts to help others....Hai provides the money for the awards from the proceeds of her businesses, which include jewelry, clothing and vegetarian restaurants".[56]
Award recipients included organizations such as the Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa) of its efforts to protect Seals,[57] the Iranian Red Crescent Society, for its humanitarian aid to victims of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.[58] and International Animal Rescue Indonesia for its work saving critically endangered orangutans in Borneo, protecting rainforest habitats and encouraging sustainable community development.[59] Or to individuals, such as a young boy from Ohio who bought special harnesses to Police dogs,[60] a lady from India for inventing non violent silk saris.[61]
Quan Yin method
[edit]Ching Hai first demonstrated the "Immeasurable Light Meditation Center and the Way of Sound Contemplation" or Quan Yin method of meditation in Miaoli, Taiwan.[8]
The method involves meditation on the "inner light and the inner sound" of God or the Buddha. Ching Hai claims that the Bible acknowledged the existence of this method: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” (John 1:1) and that this Word is the Inner Sound.[62] Hai states that it has been repeatedly re-used by most major religions.[16] As an example, in Buddhism, she refers to the Śūraṅgama Sūtra, where Avalokitesvara says that he attained enlightenment through concentration on the subtle inner sound, and then Buddha asserts "That is how enlightenment is won. Buddhas as many as the Ganges’ sand entered this one gateway to Nirvana. All past Tathagatas have achieved this method. All Bodhisattvas now enter this perfection. All who practice in the future should rely on this Dharma.”.[63]
The Quan Yin method "Full Initiation" involves a life-long commitment to a vegan diet, adherence to the Five Precepts of Buddhism and at least two hours meditation daily. "Quick initiation" or "Convenient Method", requires a half hour's meditation daily and abstinence from meat for ten days each month.[64]
A 2015 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Research report states "Sources characterize Guanyin Famen [Quan Yin] as a Buddhist group (Dui Hua Foundation 29 Aug. 2013; US 10 Oct. 2009, 115) or a "Taiwan-based sect" of Buddhism (ibid.)".[65]
Thailand Mahidol University International College comparative religion studies syllabus classifies Hai's sect as a Religious movement within Mahayana Buddhism, alongside Thích Nhất Hạnh and Tzu Chi movements.[66]
Transpersonal psychologist and Advaita Vedanta scholar Timothy Conway writes "While she was in deep spiritual retreat in the Indian Himalayas, under a very old teacher who evidently taught the way of Surat Sabda Yoga (as found in the Radhasoāmi tradition)", this final enlightenment evidently dawned. After her breakthrough, Ching Hai continued to practice deep meditation for many months, then went to Taiwan". Conway lists Hai in the "Women of Buddhism" section of his Narrative Encyclopedic Sourcebook "Women of Spirit: Saints, Teachers, Healers, Sisterhoods and Goddesses of East and West".[21]
The World Religions and Spirituality Project has written "Ching Hai’s teaching against violence towards animals is very similar to Sikhism, but her meditation teachings resemble Buddhism, and her Catholic background enables her to incorporate Christian Bible teachings as well.".[62]
Religious studies scholar Jennifer Eichman notes that this particular meditation method is not part of the standard Buddhist repertoire. Hai's modified synthesis of the method is primarily in Christian-Buddhist jargon with a sprinkling of Hindu ideas. Ching Hai is more likely to cite the Bible than Hindu texts. Ching Hai claims, following standard Zen doctrine, that everyone is the Buddha; they simply need to realize this fact. In a departure from Christian doctrine, Ching Hai claims that God is not the creator of humans; rather karmic accumulation is responsible for the repeated transmigration of the soul.[20]
Korean Dahnhak Qigong expert Kim Tae-young, author of the popular Leading Experience guidebooks (in Korean) — published in 102 volumes since 1990,[67] has written in Leading Experience vol 37 (1997) that Quan Chi (concentrating on Chi) and Quan Nian, (observing conceptions) are more familiar terms than the term Quan Yin (observation of the inner vibration). Kim at that time; an initiate of Hai's "Convenient Method" explains "Quan Yin signifies the practice of observing sound in the literal sense. It is not the crude vibratory sound of matter we hear from the outside, but the deepest inner sound heard from the real self and the Truth". Regarding Hai's Master lineage, Kim stated: Ching Hai rarely speaks about her Master Khuda Ji.[68][22][69]
In 1999, attending and reviewing Immediate Enlightenment, Eternal Liberation seminar In Ireland, part of Ching Hai's 1999 European Lecture Tour,[70] Dominican Order priest Louis Hughes, chairperson of Dialogue Ireland a Christian countercult ministry,[71][72] raises the question of the true origins of Ching Hai's teaching: "In a brief autobiography she [Hai] explains that her significant spiritual experience came about as a result of time spent in the Himalayas where she discovered 'the Quan Yin Method and the Divine Transmission'. Nowhere in the movement's literature is any mention made of how she came upon this enlightenment. Enquiring from one of her retinue as to who Ching Hai's teacher was, yielded the vague reply. 'Khuda Ji – he lives in a cave in the Himalayas – maybe has left his body now.' Such reticence in regards to the identity of one's initiating guru is quite unusual among Oriental religious teachers".[64]
Religious studies scholars, Michael York and others, include Ching Hai in the Indian contemporary Sant Mat movements, where the method is called Surat Shabd Yoga. While adhering to formless devotion (Nirguna Brahman), the initiation of the method from a lineage guru or master is paramount.[73][74] Professor of religious studies at the University of Lancaster Christopher Partridge wrote that Ching Hai visited India and was initiated by Thakar Singh, a Ruhani Satsang Sant Mat master.[7][74] Investigator Terry Lenzner reported in the 1996 Committee on Governmental Affairs "Hue [Ching Hai] reportedly hid her association with Thakar Singh when she arrived in Taiwan in October 1983 because it would have prevented her from becoming fully ordained in the Buddhist order".[75] Professor of philosophy David C. Lane, a controversial disciple of Charan Singh a Radha Soami Satsang Beas Sant Mat Master,[76] stated in his 2017 essay "Studying Cults, A Forty-Year Reflection" that "Ching Hai, tried to deny for many years her close association with the notorious shabd yoga guru, Thakar Singh, since she didn't want to be tainted by her former guru's sexual exploits".[77][78]
In an article titled "The Master from the Himalayan Cloud" published in Supreme Master Ching Hai News Magazine vol 79 (February 1997), Ching Hai stated while she did practice surat shabd yoga and attended different ashrams in the past, the master who gave her the final and breakthrough transmission was a master she called Khuda Ji, whom she encountered on a her spiritual journey in the Himalayas.[79]
Ban in China
[edit]The Quan Yin method and Ching Hai's group is banned in China since 1995.[80][8] In 1996, authorities discovered a list of several thousand practitioners. "Following an investigation into the sect, its beliefs, and activities, party authorities concluded that the organization was fundamentally anti-communist and labeled it a 'reactionary religious organization.'"[8]
The Chinese government labeled the group as xiejiao, roughly translating to "evil cult" but clarified in 2000 as meaning any group that:
a. establishes an illegal organization in the name of religion, qigong, etc.;
b. deifies its leaders;
c. initiates and spreads superstitions and heterodox beliefs;
d. utilizes various means to fabricate and spread superstitions and heterodox [or cultic] beliefs to excite doubts and deceive the people, and recruit and control its members by various means;
e. engages in disturbing social order in an organized manner that brings injury to the lives and properties of the citizens.[80]
Further, in 2017 the China Anti-Cult website listed Guanyin method as one of eleven "dangerous groups".[80]
In 2002, the manager of the Wuhan Zhongzhi Electric Testing Equipment Company was accused by the Chinese authorities of using the business as a cover to "support heresies" associated with the Quan Yin method.[8] The enterprise supported thirty practitioners who "masqueraded as employees and business associates." The manager was charged with using the company's offices and buildings as "retreat sites", organizing "initiations" and "screenings" to recruit members, and illegally printing and distributing more than 6,000 copies of heretical texts.[8]
Ban in Vietnam
[edit]The Vietnamese Magazine's Religion Bulletin – January 2020, states "The Vietnamese government views all developing religions today as heresy". Methods of suppression: preventing proselytization, imprisoning proselytizers, forcing citizens to sign vows to abandon their religion.[81][82]
According to an official statement by Vietnamese authorities:
“Activities spreading superstition affect the social fabric. They have the clearest and broadest influence on the population in places where these new religions (heresy, strange faiths) appear: Supreme Master Ching Hai, Long Hoa Maitreya, Treasured Temple of the Three Religions, Protestant Word of Life…”
A publication of the Central Propaganda Committee divided these “heretical religions” into three groups. The first two groups included religions that sprung up locally from Protestant foundations and Buddhist foundations. The third group contains those religions that were imported from overseas, such as Supreme Master Ching Hai.[81]
Controversies
[edit]In Uncompleted Transitional Justice in Taiwan: Repression of Religious and Spiritual Minorities and the Tai Ji Men Case, Associate professor of Business administration at Shih Chien University, Cheng-An Tsai wrote "After 1987 [in Taiwan], a post-authoritarian regime followed, which proclaimed religious liberty but still persecuted religious movements perceived as hostile to the ruling party. In 1996, after the first direct presidential election, the Taiwanese government launched a political purge, targeting religious and spiritual groups that did not show support for the president in power during the election. The crackdown hit several of the largest religious movements active in Taiwan, including Fo Guang Shan, Chung Tai Shan, Tai Ji Men, the Taiwan Zen Buddhist Association, the Sung Chi-Li Miracle Association, and later Guanyin Famen [Ching Hai Association]".[83] Cheng-An Tsai added " Liao Zheng-Hao Minister of Justice, actively carried out the “religious crackdown” to purge dissidents including: investigations, tax inspections by the National Taxation Bureau, assets seizure, demolitions of “illegal” structures, and exorbitant fines. This elaborate campaign required the mobilization of a large number of media, judicial organs, national tax authorities, and so on. Angry ex-members were encouraged to make vague accusations, each of which guaranteed a good three weeks of media headlines. The crackdown was supported by the media, most of which were not independent from the ruling politicians.".[84] In 2019, speaking in a freedom of religion conference in Taiwan, Li Jianzhong Judge and president of the Shilin District court in Taipe, mentioned that the series of religious suppression incidents in 1996, of Song Qili, Miaotian, Taijimen, Supreme Master Ching Hai, and many other groups that have been targeted: Some lawsuits have been going on for more than 20 years. "They have been prosecuted for "fraud" related to criminal matters. After careful judicial trials, all of them were found not guilty".[85] SET News reported that in 1996 Miaoli County government demolished an illegal building in Hai's meditation center and that it was searched by prosecutors and police on a large scale, but in the end she was not prosecuted due to insufficient evidence.[86] ETtoday quoted Hai followers stating "Why did the investigation bureau spend so much manpower, but finally closed the case? because there was no victim".[87]
In 1996 Hai's American followers[88] donated $640,000 to Bill Clinton's Presidential Legal Defense Fund which the trust returned. Following the 1996 United States campaign finance controversy the fund took caution to what it deemed "suspicious" funding sources.[89][90] Mark Csikszentmihalyi, Professor & Chair of International studies at UC, Berkeley wrote "Are donations from charismatic Buddhists one whit more threatening than those from Pat Robertson?" Csikszentmihalyi described the alleged controversy as scapegoating members of minority religious groups in order to divert attention from the real problem of money in politics.".[91]
In 2003, park rangers discovered a man-made island and a 330-foot (100 m) long boardwalk that had been illegally constructed in Biscayne National Park in Florida from Ching Hai's property just inland of the shoreline. The estimated cost to remove the boardwalk, restore the damaged mangrove forest, and remove the several tons of limestone boulders from the environmentally sensitive seagrass bed, was US$1 million. Miami-Dade seized the property of Ching Hai, known locally under the pseudonym Celestia De Lamour, to help recover the costs of restoration. The following year, park workers demolished the boardwalk and replanted between 400 and 500 mangrove trees in the area. The artificial island of boulders remained due to lack of funding to hire a barge, which would cost several hundred thousand dollars. According to the Miami Herald, "Federal agencies still hope to recoup costs from the landowner, but investigators say she and her workers have left the country."[92][93][94] Removing mangroves without a permit is prohibited in Florida and carries a fine.[95] Conversely, in 2010, when the Woodland Trust received a £100,000 donation from Hai's foundation in order to conserve an area of Snowdonia woodland in Wales, and was challenged about the Florida Mangroves incident and criticism, Woodland Trust Spokesperson stated "...the Woodland Trust has procedures to rigorously check out all high value donations against key criteria pertaining to legality and Trust policy.” and that "the Trust always investigated corporate donors to safeguard its reputation. It found nothing untoward about Ching Hai, neither did the group request publicity."[96][97]
Awards
[edit]- 1993 – Frank Fasi, mayor of Honolulu, presented Hai with honorary citizenship.[98][99][100]
- 1994 – World Humanitarian Leadership Award, presented by Barbara Finch, chair of the International Federation for Human Rights.[101][102][103]
- 1994 – World Spiritual Leadership Award, presented by General Secretary Chen Hung Kwang of the World Cultural Communication Association.[104][105][106][107][108][109]
- 2006 – 27th Annual Telly Award Silver Winner for "The Peace Seeker" featuring Ching Hai's poetry.[110][111]
- 2006 – Gusi Peace Prize, presented by President of the Philippines Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.[112][113]
In popular culture
[edit]Actress Joanna Ampil portrays Hai, in the 2011 Musical "The Real Love". The musical follows Hai life in Germany from when she met her husband (portrayed by Adam Pascal), and her decision to follow her spiritual quest.[114][115]
Bibliography
[edit]Series / Category | Title | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
The Key of Immediate Enlightenment | The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 1 | 1989 | ISBN 9789866895432 |
The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 2 | 1991 | ISBN 9789866895111 | |
The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 3 | 1992 | ISBN 9789866895449 | |
The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 4 | 1996 | ISBN 9789866895180 | |
The Key of Immediate Enlightenment 5 | 1996 | ISBN 9781886544550 | |
The Key of Immediate Enlightenment Questions & Answers 1 | 1993 | ISBN 9789866895432 | |
The Key of Immediate Enlightenment Questions & Answers 2 | 2001 | ISBN 9789866895333 | |
Spiritual | Aphorisms I | 1995 | ISBN 9789866895364 |
I Have Come to Take You Home | 1995 | ISBN 9789868263505 | |
Secrets to Effortless Spiritual Practice | 2005 | ISBN 9868106125 | |
Of God and Humans—Insights from Bible Stories | 2006 | ISBN 9868106168 | |
The Realization of Health-Returning to the Natural and Righteous Way of Living | 2008 | ISBN 9789868263536 | |
Aphorisms II | 2013 | ISBN 9789866895654 | |
Coloring Our Lives - Keys to Living a Beautiful Life | 2015 | ISBN 9789866895319 | |
Love Is The Only Solution | 2021 | ISBN 9780578960067 | |
Noble Animals | The Birds in My Life | 2007 | ISBN 9789866895142 |
The Dogs in My Life, Vol 1 | 2007 | ISBN 9789868536791 | |
The Dogs in My Life, Vol 2 | 2007 | ISBN 9789866895081 | |
The Noble Wilds | 2008 | ISBN 9789868415232 | |
Children | Master Tells Stories | 1997 | ISBN 9789868263567 |
God Takes Care of Everything | 2003 | ISBN 9789866895340 | |
Your Halo Is Too Tight! | 2005 | ISBN 9572824562 | |
Mission on the Blue Water Planet (Digital) | 2013 | [116] | |
The Underground World of Mars (Digital) | 2013 | [117] | |
Sunny the Fearless (Digital) | 2014 | [118] | |
Poetry | Silent Tears[119] | 1998 | ISBN 9789866895043 |
The Dream of A Butterfly[120] | 2000 | ISBN 9781886544451 | |
The Lost Memories[121] | 2001 | ISBN 9781886544321 | |
Traces of Previous Lives[122] | 2002 | ISBN 9781886544383 | |
The Old Time[123] | 2003 | ISBN 9781886544161 | |
Wu Tzu Poems[124] | 2005 | ISBN 9572824597 | |
Pebbles and Gold[125] | 2006 | ISBN 9789868263529 | |
The Love of Centuries[126] | 2011 | ISBN 9789866895463 |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ * Qīnghǎi wú shàng shī.
- Thanh Hải Vô Thượng Sư.
- Both the Chinese and Vietnamese adjectives: "Immeasurable" are derived from the Sanskrit word "Anuttara" See: Glossary of Buddhism. For the Chinese title Teacher or Master see: Shifu.
- ^ Vietnamese name consisting of three parts in the following order: a family name, a middle name and a given name.
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