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{{Short description|Traditional labor-intensive fishing}}
[[Image:Stilts fishermen Sri Lanka 02.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Stilts fishermen, [[Sri Lanka]]]]
[[Image:Stilts fishermen Sri Lanka 02.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Stilts fishermen, [[Sri Lanka]]]]


'''Artisan fishing''' is a term sometimes used to describe small scale [[commercial fishing|commercial]] or [[subsistence]] fishing practises. The term particularly applies to coastal or island ethnic groups using traditional [[Fishing techniques|techniques]] such as [[Fishing rod|rod]] and [[Fishing tackle|tackle]], [[Bow fishing|arrows]] and [[harpoon]]s, [[Cast net|throw nets]] and drag nets, and maybe [[Coble|traditional boats]]. It does not usually cover the concept of fishing for sport, and might be used when talking about the pressures between large scale modern commercial fishing practises and traditional methods, or when aid programs are targeted specifically at fishing at or near subsistence levels.
'''Artisanal fishing''' (or '''traditional'''/'''subsistence fishing''') consists of various small-scale, [[low-technology]], low-capital, [[fishing]] practices undertaken by individual fisherman (as opposed to [[commercial fishing]]).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Garcia, S.M.|editor1-last=Cochrane|editor1-first=K.|editor2-last=Garcia|editor2-first=S.M.|title=A fishery managers handbook|date=2009|publisher=FAO and Wiley-Blackwell|pages=473–505|chapter=Glossary}}</ref> Many of these households are of coastal or island ethnic groups. These households make short (rarely overnight) fishing trips close to the shore. Their produce is usually not processed and is mainly for local consumption. Artisan fishing uses traditional [[fishing techniques]] such as [[Fishing rod|rod]] and [[Fishing tackle|tackle]], [[Bow fishing|fishing arrows]] and [[harpoon]]s, [[cast net]]s, and small (if any) [[traditional fishing boats]]. For that reason, socio-economic status of artisanal fishing community has become an interest of the authorities in recent years.


Artisan fishing may be undertaken for both [[commercial fishing|commercial]] and [[subsistence economy|subsistence]] reasons. It contrasts with large-scale modern commercial fishing practices in that it is often less wasteful and less stressful on fish populations than modern industrial fishing. Target 14.b of [[Sustainable Development Goal 14]] works to provide access rights to artisanal fishers on marine resources and markets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/14b1/en/|title=14.b.1 Access rights for small-scale fisheries &#124; Sustainable Development Goals|website=Fao.org|access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref>
Artisan fishing is a beneficial practice because it is more dependable, less costly, and less intrusive than most contemporary fishery techniques{{Fact||June 2008|date=June 2008}}. Unfortunately, it ''is'' subject to difficulties in the export process due to inadequate budgeting on refrigeration and other preservation techniques. However, the most important goal of artisan fishing is domestic consumption, as it's usually implemented in poor coastal areas where there's little access to land-based farming and native residents are dependent on the local artisan fisheries' harvest for their food.

==Importance==
Hundreds of millions of people around the world rely on artisanal fisheries to live. Artisanal fishing is critically important for not only food, but for jobs, income, nutrition, [[food security]], sustainable livelihoods, and poverty alleviation as well.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Whitty|first1=T|title=Artisanal Fisheries Impacts|url=http://www.oceanscientists.org/index.php/topics/artisanal-fisheries-impacts#page|website=Ocean Scientists for Informed Policy|access-date=31 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Small-scale Fisheries|url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/ssf/en|website=FI Institutional Websites|publisher=FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department|access-date=31 March 2018}}</ref> Artisanal fisheries are the predominant form of fisheries in "tropical developing countries" such as Nigeria.<ref name="Inoni2007" />

The importance of artisanal and small-scale fisheries have been recognized in the first internationally agreed instrument dedicated entirely to small-scale fisheries. This agreement, drafted by the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the [[United Nations]] is titled the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication and was implemented in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/3/i4356en/I4356EN.pdf|format=PDF|title=Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication|website=Fao.org|access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref> In addition, there is increased global advocacy to provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and market, this is one of the major targets of the United Nations [[Sustainable Development Goal 14]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goal 14 targets|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-14-life-below-water/targets.html|access-date=2020-09-24|website=UNDP|language=en|archive-date=2020-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930060036/https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-14-life-below-water/targets.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

⚫
==Artisan fishing boats and gears==
⚫
{{see also|Traditional fishing boats}}

=== Nigeria ===
A traditional dug out canoe between 3–18 meters long is used in Nigeria for artisanal fishing. Artisanal fishers in this area use gear that included, "cast nets, handlines, basket traps, longlines, set gillnets and beach and purse seines".<ref name="Inoni2007">{{cite journal|last1=Inoni|first1=O.E|last2=Oyaide|first2=W.J|title=Socio-Economic Analysis of Artisanal Fishing in the South Agro-Ecological Zone of Delta State, Nigeria|journal=Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica|date=2007|volume=40|issue=4}}</ref>

=== Sudan ===

Fishing vessels used in Sudan include from the ''sharoaq'', ''feluka'' and ''murkab al hadeed''. Equipment varies by region and includes fixed nets, drift nets, seine nets, long line and cast nets.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anton|first1=Paula|last2=Curtis|first2=Lori|title=Livelihoods of small-scale fishers along the Nile River in Sudan|url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7413e.pdf|access-date=31 March 2018|agency=FAO|publisher=FAO|date=2017}}</ref>


⚫
==Artisan fishing boats==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|[[Fishermen]] hard at work off the northern coast of [[Mozambique]]
Image:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|[[Fishermen]] at work off the northern coast of [[Mozambique]]
File:Halong2.jpg|Boats in [[Ha Long bay]], [[Vietnam]].
File:Koh Kut, Thailand, Gulf of Thailand.jpg|Fishing boats at [[Ko Kut]], Thailand
File:Koh Tao Mae Haad boats.jpg|Fishing boats at [[Koh Tao]], [[Thailand]]
Image:FloresFishingBoat.jpg|Fishing boats on [[Flores]], [[Indonesia]]
Image:FloresFishingBoat.jpg|Fishing boats on [[Flores]]
</gallery><!-- Reserve image: File:Fuengirola Boat.jpg -->
</gallery><!-- Reserve image: File:Fuengirola Boat.jpg -->
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


==Techniques==
==Artisan techniques==
{{see also|Fishing techniques}}
⚫
<gallery>

Image:Shrimpers on horseback.jpg|Shrimpers on horseback, [[Oostduinkerke]], [[Belgium]].
<gallery widths="160">
Image:Petersi fishing 01.jpg|Fishing with [[Fishing net|nets]] for Leucopsarion petersi (ice goby) at Isobe, [[Shima, Mie]], [[Japan]].
File:RV02Interior39.JPG|[[Fish wheel]] used in [[Alaska]]
⚫
Image:Syr Darya river (Qyzylorda province) winter fishing 2006 00.jpg|[[Ice fishing]] on [[Syr Darya|Syr-Darya river]], [[Qyzylorda]], [[Kazakhstan]]
Image:Fisherman Seychelles.jpg|Fisherman landing his catch, [[Seychelles]].
Image:Shrimpers on horseback.jpg|Shrimpers on horseback, [[Oostduinkerke]], Belgium
⚫
Image:Syr Darya river (Qyzylorda province) winter fishing 2006 00.jpg|[[Ice fishing]] on [[Syr Darya|Syr-Darya river]], [[Qyzylorda]], Kazakhstan
Image:Fisherman Seychelles.jpg|Fisherman landing his catch, [[Seychelles]]
Image:Fisherman and his catch Seychelles.jpg|Fisherman and his catch, [[Seychelles]]. The fish, including small sharks, were hooked on hand lines many miles off shore.
Image:Fisherman and his catch Seychelles.jpg|Fisherman and his catch, [[Seychelles]]. The fish, including small sharks, were hooked on hand lines many miles off shore.
⚫
</gallery>
⚫
Image:Fishing, Cà Mau.jpg|Shore based lift nets in [[Cà Mau]], [[Vietnam]]. Also see [[Chinese fishing nets (of Kochi)]].

⚫
Image:Đó.jpg|Traditional [[fish trap]]s, [[Hà Tây]], [[Vietnam]].
<gallery widths="160">
⚫
Image:Fishing, Cà Mau.jpg|Shore based lift nets in [[Cà Mau]], Vietnam. Also see [[Chinese fishing nets]] of [[Kochi]].
File:Fisherman and net 2, Bhubaneswar - Oct 2010.jpg|Fisherman with his net
⚫
Image:Đó.jpg|Traditional [[fish trap]]s, [[Hà Tây]], Vietnam
Image:CormorantFishing001.JPG|[[Cormorant fishing|Cormorants]] used for fishing in China
Image:CormorantFishing001.JPG|[[Cormorant fishing|Cormorants]] used for fishing in China
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
== See more ==
{{Portal|Fish}}
⚫
* [[Traditional fishing village]]
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
⚫
* [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]]
* [[Fishing]]
⚫
* [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]]
* [[Artisanal food]]
* [[Blue justice]]
* [[Community-supported fishery]]
* [[Corf]]
* [[Fishing weir]]
* [[Fishing village]]
* [[Recreational fishing]]
* [[Rock fishing]]
* [[Traditional fishing boat]]
{{div col end}}


==Notes==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==References==
===Sources===
* [[FAO]]: [http://www.fao.org/fi/glossary/default.asp ''Definition: Artisanal fisheries'']
* [[FAO]]: [http://www.fao.org/fi/glossary/default.asp ''Definition: Artisanal fisheries'']
* Béné, C; Macfadyen, G; Allison, E H (2007) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0965e/a0965e00.htm ''Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security''] [[FAO]] Fisheries Technical Paper T481. ISBN 978-92-5-105664-6
* Béné, C; Macfadyen, G; Allison, E H (2007) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0965e/a0965e00.htm ''Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security''] [[FAO]] Fisheries Technical Paper T481. {{ISBN|978-92-5-105664-6}}
* Diegues, Antonio Carlos (2002) [http://www.usp.br/nupaub/english/icsfoct.doc ''Sea Tenure, traditional knowledge and management among brazilian artisanal fishermen.''] NUPAUB, University of São Paulo. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
* Diegues, Antonio Carlos (2002) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080911084401/http://www.usp.br/nupaub/english/icsfoct.doc ''Sea Tenure, traditional knowledge and management among brazilian artisanal fishermen.''] NUPAUB, University of São Paulo. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
* [[Daniel Pauly|Pauly, D]] (2006) [http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/2006/MajorTrendsSmallScaleEmphasisDevelCountries.pdf ''Major trends in small-scale marine fisheries, with emphasis on developing countries, and some implications for the social sciences''] Maritime Studies (MAST) 4(2): 7-22.
* [[Daniel Pauly|Pauly, D]] (2006) [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090326130254/http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/members/dpauly/journalArticles/2006/MajorTrendsSmallScaleEmphasisDevelCountries.pdf ''Major trends in small-scale marine fisheries, with emphasis on developing countries, and some implications for the social sciences''] Maritime Studies (MAST) 4(2): 7–22.
* Tietze,U; Siar, S; Upare, Suchitra M and Upare, M A (2007) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah997e/ah997e00.htm ''Livelihood and micro-enterprise development opportunities for women in coastal fishing communities in India''] [[FAO]] Fisheries Circulars C1021.
* Tietze, U; Siar, S; Upare, Suchitra M and Upare, M A (2007) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah997e/ah997e00.htm ''Livelihood and micro-enterprise development opportunities for women in coastal fishing communities in India''] [[FAO]] Fisheries Circulars C1021.


==External links==
==External links==
* [[OAS]]: [http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/Unit/oea37e/ch15.htm Report on fisheries including artisan fishing]
* [[Organization of American States|OAS]]: [http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/Unit/oea37e/ch15.htm Report on fisheries including artisan fishing]
* WorldFish Center: [https://worldfishcenter.org/research-theme/small-scale-fisheries Small-Scale Fisheries]

* CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems: [https://fish.cgiar.org/research-areas/small-scale-fisheries Small-Scale Fisheries]
* [[FAO]]: [http://www.fao.org/world/regional/rap/news_detail.asp?event_id=25524&year=2005 Report on artisan fishing in the wake of the 2004 Tsunami]

* World Fish Center: [http://www.worldfishcenter.org/wfcms/HQ/article.aspx?ID=44 Productive and resilient Small-scale Fisheries]



{{fisheries and fishing}}
{{fisheries and fishing}}
{{Fishing industry topics}}

[[Category:Fishing industry]]

Latest revision as of 20:18, 30 September 2024

Stilts fishermen, Sri Lanka

Artisanal fishing (or traditional/subsistence fishing) consists of various small-scale, low-technology, low-capital, fishing practices undertaken by individual fisherman (as opposed to commercial fishing).[1] Many of these households are of coastal or island ethnic groups. These households make short (rarely overnight) fishing trips close to the shore. Their produce is usually not processed and is mainly for local consumption. Artisan fishing uses traditional fishing techniques such as rod and tackle, fishing arrows and harpoons, cast nets, and small (if any) traditional fishing boats. For that reason, socio-economic status of artisanal fishing community has become an interest of the authorities in recent years.

Artisan fishing may be undertaken for both commercial and subsistence reasons. It contrasts with large-scale modern commercial fishing practices in that it is often less wasteful and less stressful on fish populations than modern industrial fishing. Target 14.b of Sustainable Development Goal 14 works to provide access rights to artisanal fishers on marine resources and markets.[2]

Importance

[edit]

Hundreds of millions of people around the world rely on artisanal fisheries to live. Artisanal fishing is critically important for not only food, but for jobs, income, nutrition, food security, sustainable livelihoods, and poverty alleviation as well.[3][4] Artisanal fisheries are the predominant form of fisheries in "tropical developing countries" such as Nigeria.[5]

The importance of artisanal and small-scale fisheries have been recognized in the first internationally agreed instrument dedicated entirely to small-scale fisheries. This agreement, drafted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is titled the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication and was implemented in 2015.[6] In addition, there is increased global advocacy to provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and market, this is one of the major targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.[7]

Artisan fishing boats and gears

[edit]
See also: Traditional fishing boats

Nigeria

[edit]

A traditional dug out canoe between 3–18 meters long is used in Nigeria for artisanal fishing. Artisanal fishers in this area use gear that included, "cast nets, handlines, basket traps, longlines, set gillnets and beach and purse seines".[5]

Sudan

[edit]

Fishing vessels used in Sudan include from the sharoaq, feluka and murkab al hadeed. Equipment varies by region and includes fixed nets, drift nets, seine nets, long line and cast nets.[8]

Techniques

[edit]
See also: Fishing techniques

See more

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garcia, S.M. (2009). "Glossary". In Cochrane, K.; Garcia, S.M. (eds.). A fishery managers handbook. FAO and Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 473–505.
  2. ^ "14.b.1 Access rights for small-scale fisheries | Sustainable Development Goals". Fao.org. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  3. ^ Whitty, T. "Artisanal Fisheries Impacts". Ocean Scientists for Informed Policy. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  4. ^ "Small-scale Fisheries". FI Institutional Websites. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  5. ^ a b Inoni, O.E; Oyaide, W.J (2007). "Socio-Economic Analysis of Artisanal Fishing in the South Agro-Ecological Zone of Delta State, Nigeria". Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica. 40 (4).
  6. ^ "Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication" (PDF). Fao.org. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Goal 14 targets". UNDP. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  8. ^ Anton, Paula; Curtis, Lori (2017). "Livelihoods of small-scale fishers along the Nile River in Sudan" (PDF). FAO. FAO. Retrieved 31 March 2018.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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